US3890609A - Low voltage cold cathode discharge type display devices with metal oxide cathode and phosphor anode matrix - Google Patents
Low voltage cold cathode discharge type display devices with metal oxide cathode and phosphor anode matrix Download PDFInfo
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- US3890609A US3890609A US348249A US34824973A US3890609A US 3890609 A US3890609 A US 3890609A US 348249 A US348249 A US 348249A US 34824973 A US34824973 A US 34824973A US 3890609 A US3890609 A US 3890609A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
- H01J17/49—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current
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- ABSTRACT A plurality of anode electrodes coated with a phosphor and cathode electrodes coated with an electron emissive substance are disposed at right angles on both sides of an insulative spacer having a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix between a d .”t L t u LO C PM D w m a w u i d1 mmw C k If. new c e mw .la kkm OOb s C B n .w S S A H 7 .l
- Each anode electrode is arranged to face one col- L0 N OT 74 6 2 9 3 6 M ,RI 0 L W 4 O1 BHE] .6 .6. V 5 T m ,89 9 HROO m 6 6 M I 1 V1100 3 mum .9 3 M H .N 4 m m3 u u m E 4 R4 3 H l 0 C 4 m3 k UImF H N 555 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS cross-point between the selected anode and cathode electrodes.
- a cold cathode discharge type display device comprising a pair of substrates, at least one of them being transparent. an insulative spacer disposed between the pair of substrates and provided with a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix, a plurality of cold cathode electrodes disposed between one substrate and the insulative spacer with each cold cathode electrode opposed to one row of the matrix, and electron emissive substance coated on respective cold cathode electrodes, a plurality of anode electrodes disposed between the other insulative substrate and the insulative spacer with each anode electrodeopposed to one column of the matrix, means for hermetically sealing the peripheries of the pair of substrates thereby forming a sealed envelope, an inert gas sealed in the envelope, and means for applying an operating voltage across selected anode and cathode electrodes so as to establish electric discharge at the cross-point between the selected anode and cathode electrodes.
- a phosphor for emanating a selected colour is applied on respective anode electrodes, or on the inner surface of respective perforations or on the inner surface of the transparent substrate at portions thereof facing to the anode electrodes.
- the use of phosphor decreases the breakdown voltage of the display device and emanates a desired colour at a high brightness.
- FIG, I is a perspective exploded view of certain essential elements of the cold cathode discharge type display device embodying the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cold cathode discharge type display device shown in FIG. 1:
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show modifications:
- FIG. 3 shows a connection diagram of the driving circuit utilized to operate the novel display device.
- the cold cathode discharge type display device 1 shown therein comprises a pair of opposing insulative substrates 2 and 3, at least one of them being transparent, and an insulative spacer 5 disposed between the substrates and is provided with a plurality of perforations 4 arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of anode electrodes 7 respectively coated with phosphor films 6 are arranged in parallel with each other between the upper substrate 2 and spacer 5 with each anode electrode opposed to a column of the perforations 4.
- the phosphor film 6 is a mixture, for example, of sili-. con' oxide zinc and manganese (Zn SiO, Mn), sulphate zinc and silver (ZnS Ag), or sulphate cadmium zinc and silver (ZnCdS Ag).
- cold cathode electrodes 8 are disposed between the lower substrate 3 and spacer 5 with each cathode electrode opposed to a row of the perforations 4. As shown, cold cathode electrodes 8 and anode electrodes 7 intersect with each other at right angles.
- the cold cathode electrodes 8 are made of nickel wires or 42-6 alloy wires for the purpose of improving the bond with glass when the cathode electrodes are sealed with glass as will be described later. Further, to improve electron emission each cathode electrode is coated with a film of barium carbonate BaCO- calcium carbonate CaCO strontium carbonate StCO or the like and these carbonates are converted into a film of oxide 9 of barium, calcium or strontium as will be described later...
- the periphery of the assembly is sealed with a binder such as frit glass to form an envelope.
- a binder such as frit glass
- the interior of the envelope is evacuated through a suitable exhaust pipe, not shown, and a voltage of about 8 volts, is impressed across respective cathode electrodes to cause them to generate heat.
- a voltage of about 8 volts is impressed across respective cathode electrodes to cause them to generate heat.
- an inert gas such as xenon, argon or mercury is introduced into the evacuated envelope thus completing the cold cathode discharge type display device I.
- FIG. 3 shows a connection diagram of the driving circuit for the novel cold cathode discharge type display device.
- a first rotary switch 10 having a plurality of stationary contacts 10a through [On which are connected to cold cathode electrodes 80 through 8n, respectively, and a second rotary switch ll having a plurality of stationary contacts llu through lln which are connected to anode electrodes through 7n. respectively, of the cold cathode discharge type display device I.
- An electric source 12 is provided with its positive pole connected to the movable contact llm of the second rotary switch ll and its negative pole connected to the movable contact lmof the first rotary switch through a current limiting resistor 14 and a transistor 13.
- the first and second rotary switches are synchronized to operate stepwisely.
- the transistor when a negative input signal is impressed on the base electrode of transistor 13, the transistor is rendered conductive to apply the voltage of the source 12 across one of the cathode electrodes 8a through 8n selected by the first rotary switch and one of the anode electrodes Ila through lln selected by the second rotary switch I] whereby the oxide 9 on the selected cathode electrode emits electrons.
- These electrons excite the inert gas in a corresponding discharge cell thus initiating discharge between the selected anode and cathode electrodes. Consequently, the phosphor 6 at the selected cross-point luminescences.
- the rotary switch 10 is rotated while transistor 13 is conductive. the cross-points on respective rows are caused to luminescence successively.
- the phosphor can also be applied to one substrate 2 as shown at 6 in FIG. 2A, or on the inner surfaces 6" of the perforations 4 as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the invention provides an improved cold cathode discharge type display device having a low break-down voltage hence can operate with a low driving voltage of the order of [0 to volts. Further. in accordance with the invention as a phosphor is caused to luminescence by electrons emitted from cold cathode. it is not only possible to operate the display device at a lower voltage than the prior art display device but also to increase brightness.
- a cold cathode discharge type display device comprising a pair of insulative substrates. at least one of the substrates being transparent, an insulative spacer disposed between said pair of substrates, said spacer being provided with a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix, a plurality of cold cathode electrodes disposed between one substrate and said insulative spacer with each cold cathode electrode opposed to one row of the matrix.
- an electron emissive metal oxide coated on respective cold cathode electrodes a plurality of anode electrodes disposed between the other insulative substrate and said insulative spacer with each anode electrode opposed to one column of the matrix, means for hermetically sealing the peripheries of said pair of substrates thereby forming a sealed envelope.
- an inert gas sealed in said envelope and means for applying an operating voltage across a selected one of the anode electrodes and a selected one of the cathode electrodes so as to establish electric discharge at the cross-point between said selected anode and cathode electrodes thereby displaying a desired pattern.
- said means for applying said operating voltage comprises a first rotary switch having a plurality of stationary contacts connected to respective cathode electrodes, a second rotary switch having a plurality of stationary contacts connected to respective anode electrodes. and a source of supply and a transistor which are connected in series across the movable contacts of said first and second rotary switches.
Abstract
A plurality of anode electrodes coated with a phosphor and cathode electrodes coated with an electron emissive substance are disposed at right angles on both sides of an insulative spacer having a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix between a pair of substrates, at least one of them being transparent. Each anode electrode is arranged to face one column of the matrix and each cathode electrode is arranged to face one row of the matrix. The peripheries of the pair of substrates are sealed to form an envelope and the envelope is filled with an inert gas. Switching means is provided for applying an operating voltage across selected anode and cathode electrodes thereby causing the phosphor to luminescence at the cross-point between the selected anode and cathode electrodes.
Description
1 1 June 17, 1975 United States Patent 11 1 Sasaki et a1.
Hubert et al. 313/108 B 313/108 R 2 93? 648 4/1960 Bentley 3,559,190 1/1971 Bitzer et al..,..... 3,589 789 6/1971 LOW VOLTAGE COLD CATHODE DISCHARGE TYPE DlSPLAY DEVICES WITH METAL OXlDE CATHODE AND PHOSPHOR ANODE MATRIX [75] Inventors: Rentaro Sasaki; Akinori Watanabe,
both of Takasaki; Tatsuo Ogasawara, Tokyo; Hidetoshi Sogabe, Gyoda, all of Japan Primary Examiner-Marshall M. Curtis Attorney, Agent, or FirmCharles E. Pfund, Esq.
[57] ABSTRACT A plurality of anode electrodes coated with a phosphor and cathode electrodes coated with an electron emissive substance are disposed at right angles on both sides of an insulative spacer having a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix between a d ."t L t u LO C PM D w m a w u i d1 mmw C k If. new c e mw .la kkm OOb s C B n .w S S A H 7 .l
[22] Filed: Apr. 5, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 348,249
pair of substrates, at least one of them being transparent Each anode electrode is arranged to face one col- L0 N OT 74 6 2 9 3 6 M ,RI 0 L W 4 O1 BHE] .6 .6. V 5 T m ,89 9 HROO m 6 6 M I 1 V1100 3 mum .9 3 M H .N 4 m m3 u u m E 4 R4 3 H l 0 C 4 m3 k UImF H N 555 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS cross-point between the selected anode and cathode electrodes.
2,049,763 8/l936 DeForest....4....,......v.... SIS/I69 TV 2 926,286 2/1960 Skellett 313/108 B 5 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures aasaeoa PATENTEIJJUN 17 ms FlGZA LOW VOLTAGE COLD CATHODE DISCHARGE TYPE DISPLAY DEVICES WITH METAL OXIDE CATIIODE AND PHOSPI-IOR ANODE MATRIX BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a cold cathode discharge type display device wherein a plurality of spaced apart cold cathode electrodes and a plurality of spaced apart anode electrodes are arranged in a matrix and selected cross-points between the electrodes are caused to discharge to display a desired pattern.
However, as the breakdown voltage or the discharge initiating voltage of the prior art cold cathode discharge display device is high, it is necessary to use a drive source of high potential of the order of I80 volts, for example, and it has been impossible to drive the display device directly by a transistor. Moreover, since in this type of the display device, display is made by the light of discharge, it has been impossible to obtain a variety of colours.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide an improved cold cathode discharge type display device which can be driven by a low voltage and can produce a variety of discharge colours of high brightness.
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a cold cathode discharge type display device compris ing a pair of substrates, at least one of them being transparent. an insulative spacer disposed between the pair of substrates and provided with a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix, a plurality of cold cathode electrodes disposed between one substrate and the insulative spacer with each cold cathode electrode opposed to one row of the matrix, and electron emissive substance coated on respective cold cathode electrodes, a plurality of anode electrodes disposed between the other insulative substrate and the insulative spacer with each anode electrodeopposed to one column of the matrix, means for hermetically sealing the peripheries of the pair of substrates thereby forming a sealed envelope, an inert gas sealed in the envelope, and means for applying an operating voltage across selected anode and cathode electrodes so as to establish electric discharge at the cross-point between the selected anode and cathode electrodes. A phosphor for emanating a selected colour is applied on respective anode electrodes, or on the inner surface of respective perforations or on the inner surface of the transparent substrate at portions thereof facing to the anode electrodes. The use of phosphor decreases the breakdown voltage of the display device and emanates a desired colour at a high brightness.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG, I is a perspective exploded view of certain essential elements of the cold cathode discharge type display device embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cold cathode discharge type display device shown in FIG. 1:
FIGS. 2A and 2B show modifications: and
FIG. 3 shows a connection diagram of the driving circuit utilized to operate the novel display device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With reference now to FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawing, the cold cathode discharge type display device 1 shown therein comprises a pair of opposing insulative substrates 2 and 3, at least one of them being transparent, and an insulative spacer 5 disposed between the substrates and is provided with a plurality of perforations 4 arranged in a matrix. A plurality of anode electrodes 7 respectively coated with phosphor films 6 are arranged in parallel with each other between the upper substrate 2 and spacer 5 with each anode electrode opposed to a column of the perforations 4. The phosphor film 6 is a mixture, for example, of sili-. con' oxide zinc and manganese (Zn SiO, Mn), sulphate zinc and silver (ZnS Ag), or sulphate cadmium zinc and silver (ZnCdS Ag).
Similarly, a plurality of cold cathode electrodes 8 are disposed between the lower substrate 3 and spacer 5 with each cathode electrode opposed to a row of the perforations 4. As shown, cold cathode electrodes 8 and anode electrodes 7 intersect with each other at right angles. The cold cathode electrodes 8 are made of nickel wires or 42-6 alloy wires for the purpose of improving the bond with glass when the cathode electrodes are sealed with glass as will be described later. Further, to improve electron emission each cathode electrode is coated with a film of barium carbonate BaCO- calcium carbonate CaCO strontium carbonate StCO or the like and these carbonates are converted into a film of oxide 9 of barium, calcium or strontium as will be described later...
After laminating these elements as shown in FIG. 2, the periphery of the assembly is sealed with a binder such as frit glass to form an envelope. Thereafter, the interior of the envelope is evacuated through a suitable exhaust pipe, not shown, and a voltage of about 8 volts, is impressed across respective cathode electrodes to cause them to generate heat. By this heating the barium carbonate, calcium carbonate or strontium carbonate is converted into a stable oxide 9. Then, an inert gas such as xenon, argon or mercury is introduced into the evacuated envelope thus completing the cold cathode discharge type display device I.
When a voltage of 10 to 20 volts is impressed across selected ones of the anode and cathode electrodes 7 and 8, electric discharge will occur at the cross-points between the selected electrodes through a perforation 4 corresponding to the cross-point, The discharge excites the phosphor 6 on the anode electrode 7 at a portion corresponding to the particular cross-point thereby causing the phosphor to luminescence. The phosphor ofa mixture of silicon oxide zinc and manganese (Zn SiO, Mn), sulphate zinc and silver (ZnS Ag), and sulphate cadmium zinc and silver [ZnCdS Ag) luminescence in green, blue and red. respectively. Thus, it can be noted that perforations 4 in the spacer 5 act as discharge cells,
FIG. 3 shows a connection diagram of the driving circuit for the novel cold cathode discharge type display device. There is provided a first rotary switch 10 having a plurality of stationary contacts 10a through [On which are connected to cold cathode electrodes 80 through 8n, respectively, and a second rotary switch ll having a plurality of stationary contacts llu through lln which are connected to anode electrodes through 7n. respectively, of the cold cathode discharge type display device I. An electric source 12 is provided with its positive pole connected to the movable contact llm of the second rotary switch ll and its negative pole connected to the movable contact lmof the first rotary switch through a current limiting resistor 14 and a transistor 13. The first and second rotary switches are synchronized to operate stepwisely.
in operation, when a negative input signal is impressed on the base electrode of transistor 13, the transistor is rendered conductive to apply the voltage of the source 12 across one of the cathode electrodes 8a through 8n selected by the first rotary switch and one of the anode electrodes Ila through lln selected by the second rotary switch I] whereby the oxide 9 on the selected cathode electrode emits electrons. These electrons excite the inert gas in a corresponding discharge cell thus initiating discharge between the selected anode and cathode electrodes. Consequently, the phosphor 6 at the selected cross-point luminescences. when the rotary switch 10 is rotated while transistor 13 is conductive. the cross-points on respective rows are caused to luminescence successively.
In this manner, by applying to the base electrode of transistor 13 a signal which is synchronized with the operation of the second rotary switch 11 and correspond ing to a desired pattern. respective cross-points are caused to selectively luminescence. If such selection is performed at such a high speed that can prevent flicker, it would be possible to display the desired pattern.
By changing the type of the phosphor 6 coated on the anode electrodes it is possible to display the pattern with different colours. Moreover, when compared with the prior art display device of the type wherein the light per se of the discharge is used to display a pattern it is possible to drive the display device with a lower voltage and yet to produce luminescence of higher brightness.
Instead of applying the coating of the phosphor on respective anode electrodes. the phosphor can also be applied to one substrate 2 as shown at 6 in FIG. 2A, or on the inner surfaces 6" of the perforations 4 as shown in FIG. 2B.
As above described. the invention provides an improved cold cathode discharge type display device having a low break-down voltage hence can operate with a low driving voltage of the order of [0 to volts. Further. in accordance with the invention as a phosphor is caused to luminescence by electrons emitted from cold cathode. it is not only possible to operate the display device at a lower voltage than the prior art display device but also to increase brightness.
What is claimed is:
l. A cold cathode discharge type display device comprising a pair of insulative substrates. at least one of the substrates being transparent, an insulative spacer disposed between said pair of substrates, said spacer being provided with a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix, a plurality of cold cathode electrodes disposed between one substrate and said insulative spacer with each cold cathode electrode opposed to one row of the matrix. an electron emissive metal oxide coated on respective cold cathode electrodes, a plurality of anode electrodes disposed between the other insulative substrate and said insulative spacer with each anode electrode opposed to one column of the matrix, means for hermetically sealing the peripheries of said pair of substrates thereby forming a sealed envelope. an inert gas sealed in said envelope, and means for applying an operating voltage across a selected one of the anode electrodes and a selected one of the cathode electrodes so as to establish electric discharge at the cross-point between said selected anode and cathode electrodes thereby displaying a desired pattern.
2. The display device according to claim 1 wherein a phosphor is coated on respective anode electrodes.
3. The display device according to claim 1 wherein a phosphor is applied on the inner surface of the transparent substrate at least the portions thereof facing to said anode electrodes.
4. The display device according to claim 1 wherein a phosphor is coated on the inner surfaces of said perforations.
5. The display device according to claim I wherein said means for applying said operating voltage comprises a first rotary switch having a plurality of stationary contacts connected to respective cathode electrodes, a second rotary switch having a plurality of stationary contacts connected to respective anode electrodes. and a source of supply and a transistor which are connected in series across the movable contacts of said first and second rotary switches.
Claims (5)
1. A cold cathode discharge type display device comprising a pair of insulative substrates, at least one of the substrates being transparent, an insulative spacer disposed between said pair of substrates, said spacer being provided with a plurality of perforations which are arranged in a matrix, a plurality of cold cathode electrodes disposed between one substrate and said insulative spacer with each cold cathode electrode opposed to one row of the matrix, an electron emissive metal oxide coated on respective cold cathode electrodes, a plurality of anode electrodes disposed between the other insulative substrate and said insulative spacer with each anode electrode opposed to one column of the matrix, means for hermetically sealing the peripheries of said pair of substrates thereby forming a sealed envelope, an inert gas sealed in said envelope, and means for applying an operating voltage acrosS a selected one of the anode electrodes and a selected one of the cathode electrodes so as to establish electric discharge at the cross-point between said selected anode and cathode electrodes thereby displaying a desired pattern.
2. The display device according to claim 1 wherein a phosphor is coated on respective anode electrodes.
3. The display device according to claim 1 wherein a phosphor is applied on the inner surface of the transparent substrate at least the portions thereof facing to said anode electrodes.
4. The display device according to claim 1 wherein a phosphor is coated on the inner surfaces of said perforations.
5. The display device according to claim 1 wherein said means for applying said operating voltage comprises a first rotary switch having a plurality of stationary contacts connected to respective cathode electrodes, a second rotary switch having a plurality of stationary contacts connected to respective anode electrodes, and a source of supply and a transistor which are connected in series across the movable contacts of said first and second rotary switches.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348249A US3890609A (en) | 1973-04-05 | 1973-04-05 | Low voltage cold cathode discharge type display devices with metal oxide cathode and phosphor anode matrix |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348249A US3890609A (en) | 1973-04-05 | 1973-04-05 | Low voltage cold cathode discharge type display devices with metal oxide cathode and phosphor anode matrix |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3890609A true US3890609A (en) | 1975-06-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US348249A Expired - Lifetime US3890609A (en) | 1973-04-05 | 1973-04-05 | Low voltage cold cathode discharge type display devices with metal oxide cathode and phosphor anode matrix |
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| US (1) | US3890609A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4249105A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1981-02-03 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai | Gas-discharge display panel |
| EP0074440A1 (en) * | 1981-09-10 | 1983-03-23 | Jacques Marie Hanlet | Display system and method of operating same |
| US4459514A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1984-07-10 | Futaba Denshi Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluorescent display device |
| US4563613A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1986-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Gated grid structure for a vacuum fluorescent printing device |
| US5734361A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1998-03-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electron-beam generating device having plurality of cold cathode elements, method of driving said device and image forming apparatus applying same |
| US6414433B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2002-07-02 | Chad Byron Moore | Plasma displays containing fibers |
| US6570339B1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-05-27 | Chad Byron Moore | Color fiber-based plasma display |
| US7034446B2 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2006-04-25 | Chad Byron Moore | Fluorescent lamp composed of arrayed glass structures |
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| US2926286A (en) * | 1958-09-19 | 1960-02-23 | Tung Sol Electric Inc | Cold cathode display device |
| US2933648A (en) * | 1956-08-14 | 1960-04-19 | Gen Electric | Information display apparatus |
| US3559190A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1971-01-26 | Univ Illinois | Gaseous display and memory apparatus |
| US3589789A (en) * | 1968-11-22 | 1971-06-29 | Ibm | Method of producing an open cell color plasma display device |
| US3686686A (en) * | 1969-12-08 | 1972-08-22 | Maclin S Hall | Visual display and memory system |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| US2049763A (en) * | 1931-08-10 | 1936-08-04 | American Television Lab Inc | Television sign |
| US2933648A (en) * | 1956-08-14 | 1960-04-19 | Gen Electric | Information display apparatus |
| US2926286A (en) * | 1958-09-19 | 1960-02-23 | Tung Sol Electric Inc | Cold cathode display device |
| US3559190A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1971-01-26 | Univ Illinois | Gaseous display and memory apparatus |
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| US3686686A (en) * | 1969-12-08 | 1972-08-22 | Maclin S Hall | Visual display and memory system |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4249105A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1981-02-03 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai | Gas-discharge display panel |
| US4459514A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1984-07-10 | Futaba Denshi Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluorescent display device |
| EP0074440A1 (en) * | 1981-09-10 | 1983-03-23 | Jacques Marie Hanlet | Display system and method of operating same |
| US4563613A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1986-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Gated grid structure for a vacuum fluorescent printing device |
| US5734361A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1998-03-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electron-beam generating device having plurality of cold cathode elements, method of driving said device and image forming apparatus applying same |
| US6580407B1 (en) | 1994-06-08 | 2003-06-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electron-beam generating device having plurality of cold cathode elements, method of driving said device and image forming apparatus applying same |
| CN100446159C (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 2008-12-24 | 佳能株式会社 | Electronic beam generator, driving method and image forming device using said device |
| US6414433B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2002-07-02 | Chad Byron Moore | Plasma displays containing fibers |
| US20040233126A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2004-11-25 | Moore Chad Byron | Drive control system for a fiber-based plasma display |
| US6946803B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2005-09-20 | Chad Byron Moore | Drive control system for a fiber-based plasma display |
| US7034446B2 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2006-04-25 | Chad Byron Moore | Fluorescent lamp composed of arrayed glass structures |
| US6570339B1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-05-27 | Chad Byron Moore | Color fiber-based plasma display |
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