US3895098A - Method and composition for generating nitrogen gas - Google Patents

Method and composition for generating nitrogen gas Download PDF

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US3895098A
US3895098A US258271A US25827172A US3895098A US 3895098 A US3895098 A US 3895098A US 258271 A US258271 A US 258271A US 25827172 A US25827172 A US 25827172A US 3895098 A US3895098 A US 3895098A
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azide
oxide
alkali metal
metal
composition
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US258271A
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John F Pietz
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Talley Industries of Arizona Inc
Talley Industries Inc
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Talley Industries of Arizona Inc
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Priority to US258271A priority Critical patent/US3895098A/en
Priority to JP462873A priority patent/JPS5313596B2/ja
Priority to CA172,583A priority patent/CA982785A/en
Priority to SE7307575A priority patent/SE402907B/en
Priority to FR7319912A priority patent/FR2186450B1/fr
Priority to DE19732327741 priority patent/DE2327741C3/en
Priority to IT68604/73A priority patent/IT991611B/en
Priority to GB2596473A priority patent/GB1429842A/en
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Priority to US06/649,573 priority patent/USRE32584E/en
Assigned to CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC. reassignment CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TALLEY AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS, INC., TALLEY DEFENSE SYSTEMS, INC., TALLEY INDUSTRIES, INC., TALLEY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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Assigned to TALLEY DEFENSE SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment TALLEY DEFENSE SYSTEMS, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF NEW YORK, THE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A gas generating composition is disclosed wherein the combustible reactants are an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide which upon thermal initiation react to produce alkali metal oxide, metal and pure nitrogen gas which can be used to inflate an impact protection air cushion of an automotive restraint system.
  • This invention relates generally to gas generating compositions and, in particular, to such compositions which are suitable for inflating an air cushion in vehicle restraint systems of the type which utilize such a cushion to protect vehicle occupants upon sudden stopping or deceleration of the vehicle in which they are riding,
  • the air cushion which is commonly formed of an inflatable bag, acts to prevent the secondary collision between the occupants and interior structural components of the vehicle resulting from the primary collision between the vehicle and another object.
  • Another method proposed for inflating the air cushion involves the use of an ignitable propellant system, where the inflating gas is generated by the exothermic reaction of the reactants forming the propellant composition.
  • the bags used in restraint systems of the type described must in order to accomplish their purpose be inflated to a sufficient degree within a very short time span, generally on the order of a few milliseconds. For example, under certain representative conditions only about 60 milliseconds elapse between occurrence of the primary and secondary collisions.
  • the gas itself must meet several rather stringent requirements. The gas must be nontoxic and non-noxious, and its temperature as it is generated must be low enough not to burn the bag or of itself undermine the mechanical strength of the bag. Furthermore, the temperature of the gas must be sufficiently cool so as not to burn the passengers in the vehicle in the event the bag ruptures.
  • the stability and reliability of the propellant composition over the life of the vehicle are highly important.
  • the propellant composition must possess sufficient stability to temperature, humidity and shock so that it is virtually incapable of being set off except upon delibcrate initiation by the actuating sensors employed.
  • compositions containing sodium azide as one of the reactants have been used to generate pure nitrogen.
  • the decomposition of the azide leaves a residue of sodium metal which disadvantageously burns spontaneously upon contact with air presenting an extremely undesirable fire hazard to vehicle occupants.
  • the sodium residue disadvantageously exhibits a propensity to react with moisture to produce hydrogen.
  • Hydrogen quite obviously is a highly undesirable by-product, also because of its high flammability characteristics.
  • various organic compounds have been used in previous azide-containing compositions to react with sodium metal residue. But with all such organic compounds, some carbon monoxide is generated as a side product of the reaction. This also is undesirable for the applications herein discussed because of the toxic properties of carbon monoxide.
  • the present invention provides a novel gas generating composition which, when ignited, generates nitrogen gas without any of the deleterious side-products associated with the reaction of known compositions.
  • a solid gas generating composition which, when thermally initiated, rapidly generates pure nitrogen which can be used for inflating an impact protection air cushion.
  • the solid reactants of the composition include an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide.
  • an excess stoichiometric mixture of sodium azide and copper oxide is used.
  • the decomposition products of the reaction are pure nitrogen gas, liquid copper and sodium oxide.
  • the gas generated is free of noxious and toxic impurities and can be produced at temperatures low enough to preclude damage to the air cushion or to vehicle occupants.
  • the propellant gas generated in accordance with this invention comprises nitrogen gas which is released by the exothermic reaction of an alkali metal azide with the oxide of a metal lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide.
  • the reaction is thermally initiated at temperatures between about 600 to 800 Farenheit. Because of the occurrence of spontaneous combustion when alkali metals are exposed to air, the metal of the oxide must not be an alkali metal. Although the exact mechanism is not known, this reaction is believed to proceed in two steps.
  • the first step involves the decomposition of the alkali metal azide to form alkali metal and nitrogen.
  • the second step of the reaction is thought to involve the reaction of the alkali metal formed in the first stage of decomposition with the metal oxide to form alkali metal oxide and metal.
  • M is an alkali metal
  • M is a metal (other than an alkali metal) lower in the electromotive series than M
  • x is the valence of M.
  • alkali metal azides include lithium azide, sodium azide, and potassium azide.
  • suitable metal oxides include copper oxide, iron oxide, stannic oxide, titanium dioxide, lead oxide, chromium oxide and zinc oxide.
  • the amount of metal oxide in the mixture must be sufficient to react with substantially all of the alkali metal of the azide.
  • the mixture contain a slight stoichiometric excess (a few percent) of the metal oxide.
  • a mixture containing a stoichiometric excess of the metal oxide is one in which the amount of metal oxide exceeds the amount which represents the theoretical stoichiometric amount.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A mixture comprising 70.9% by weight of sodium azide and 29.l% by weight of iron oxide.
  • Fe O EXAMPLE 2 A mixture containing 63.3% by weight of sodium azide together with 36.7% by weight of stannic oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A mixture comprising 765% of sodium azide together with 23.5% by weight of titanium dioxide.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A mixture comprising 62.0% of sodium azide together with 38.0% by weight of copper oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A mixture comprising 55.2% of lithium azide together with 44.8% by weight of copper oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A mixture comprising 67.1% of potassium azide together with 32.9% by weight of copper oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 7 A mixture comprising 64.8% of Lithium azide together with 35.2% by weight of iron oxide.
  • Fe O EXAMPLE 8 A mixture comprising 75.3% of potassium azide together with 24.7% by weight of iron oxide.
  • Fe O Particularly preferred is the mixture set forth in Example 4 above. This mixture was prepared by taking sodium azide in granular form and reducing the size of the granular particles by grinding in a hammer mill to a particle size of less than 50 microns. The ground azide and untreated copper oxide in commercially available powdered form were blended in a twin shell V-blender in the proper proportions until a heterogeneous mixture was obtained.
  • This mixture exhibits a life of about 30 years and high stability to shock, temperature and humidity.
  • the composition is stable in these respects in that it can be stored for long periods of time without noticeable deterioration, it can be stored at temperatures up to about 240F. for several days and it can withstand relative humidity up to about 80% for at least 30 days.
  • the composition of the preferred embodiment will not detonate as a result of static electricity nor will it detonate upon initiation by a No. 8 blasting cap through a tetryl booster acting on I quart of the propellant composition.
  • the composition is extremely stable and can be initiated only at an ignition temperature above 600F.
  • the most significant aspect of the reaction of this mixture is the rapid generation of pure, non-toxic nitrogen gas without any of the harmful side-products formed upon decomposition of heretofore known azide compositions and at a temperature not harmful to human beings.
  • 1 10 grams of the preferred mixture ignited at a temperature of 796F. produced enough pure nitrogen to fully inflate an air cushion having a volume of 2.6 cubic feet in less than 25 milliseconds.
  • 250 grams of this mixture ignited at the same temperature produced enough gas to fully inflate an air cushion having a volume of 6.0 cubic feet in less than 25 milliseconds.
  • any size air cushion can be inflated in the requisite time period by employing a sufficient amount of propellant, the ratio between amount of propellant and air cushion volume remaining roughly constant.
  • a solid composition for generating nitrogen gas substantially free of noxious and toxic impurities comprising essentially a mixture of alkali metal azide and at least a stoichiometric amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium and copper oxides and mixtures thereof, said metal oxide being capable of reacting exothermically with the alkali metal azide and wherein the metal of the oxide is lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide and is a metal other than the alkali.
  • composition according to claim 1 wherein:
  • the alkali metal azide is sodium azide.
  • composition according to claim 2 wherein:
  • the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 62 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition
  • the metal oxide is copper oxide forming the remainder of the composition.
  • composition according to claim 2 wherein:
  • the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 70.9 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition
  • the metal oxide is iron oxide forming the remainder of the composition.
  • composition according to claim 2 wherein:
  • the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 76.5 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition
  • the metal oxide is titanium dioxide forming the remainder of the composition.
  • a method for rapidly generating pure nitrogen gas comprising:
  • a providing a homogeneous mixture comprising essentially solid granular alkali metal azide and at least a stoichiometric amount of a metal oxide in solid granular form selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium, and copper oxides and mixtures thereof, said metal oxide being capable of reacting exothermically with the alkali metal azide, the metal of the oxide being lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide and the metal of the oxide being other than an alkali metal; and

Abstract

A gas generating composition is disclosed wherein the combustible reactants are an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide which upon thermal initiation react to produce alkali metal oxide, metal and pure nitrogen gas which can be used to inflate an impact protection air cushion of an automotive restraint system.

Description

[ July 15, 1975 0 United States Patent [1 1 Pietz METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR GENERATING NITROGEN GAS [75] Inventor: John F. Pietz, Mesa, Ariz.
[73] Assignee: Talley Industries, Inc., Mesa, Ariz.
[22] Filed: May 31, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 258,271
[52] US. Cl. 423/351; 423/641; 149/35 51] Int. Cl C01b 21/00 58] Field of Search 423/351, 641; 149/35 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,066,479 12/1962 Koch, Jr. 149/35 3.741.585 6/1973 Hendrickson et al 149/35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Sneed and Brasted: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. VI, (1957), p. 40, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. New York.
Primary Examiner-Oscar R. Vertiz Assistant Examiner-Eugene T. Wheeler 5 7] ABSTRACT A gas generating composition is disclosed wherein the combustible reactants are an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide which upon thermal initiation react to produce alkali metal oxide, metal and pure nitrogen gas which can be used to inflate an impact protection air cushion of an automotive restraint system.
9 Claims, N0 Drawings METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR GENERATING NITROGEN GAS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to gas generating compositions and, in particular, to such compositions which are suitable for inflating an air cushion in vehicle restraint systems of the type which utilize such a cushion to protect vehicle occupants upon sudden stopping or deceleration of the vehicle in which they are riding, The air cushion, which is commonly formed of an inflatable bag, acts to prevent the secondary collision between the occupants and interior structural components of the vehicle resulting from the primary collision between the vehicle and another object.
2. Description of the Prior Art One method commonly proposed for inflating the air cushion of vehicle restraint systems involves the use of a sealed cylinder of compressed gas which communicates with the collapsed bag mounted in the interior of the vehicle. The compressed gas is released by impact responsive actuators or sensors which sense a rapid change in velocity of the vehicle as, for example, when the vehicle collides with another object.
Another method proposed for inflating the air cushion involves the use of an ignitable propellant system, where the inflating gas is generated by the exothermic reaction of the reactants forming the propellant composition.
The bags used in restraint systems of the type described must in order to accomplish their purpose be inflated to a sufficient degree within a very short time span, generally on the order of a few milliseconds. For example, under certain representative conditions only about 60 milliseconds elapse between occurrence of the primary and secondary collisions. In addition, the gas itself must meet several rather stringent requirements. The gas must be nontoxic and non-noxious, and its temperature as it is generated must be low enough not to burn the bag or of itself undermine the mechanical strength of the bag. Furthermore, the temperature of the gas must be sufficiently cool so as not to burn the passengers in the vehicle in the event the bag ruptures.
ln systems which utilize an ignitable propellant, the stability and reliability of the propellant composition over the life of the vehicle are highly important. Generally, the propellant composition must possess sufficient stability to temperature, humidity and shock so that it is virtually incapable of being set off except upon delibcrate initiation by the actuating sensors employed.
One gas which possesses the required characteristics is nitrogen. In the past, compositions containing sodium azide as one of the reactants have been used to generate pure nitrogen. However, with heretofore known compositions of this nature, the decomposition of the azide leaves a residue of sodium metal which disadvantageously burns spontaneously upon contact with air presenting an extremely undesirable fire hazard to vehicle occupants. Also, the sodium residue disadvantageously exhibits a propensity to react with moisture to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen quite obviously is a highly undesirable by-product, also because of its high flammability characteristics. To eliminate the formation of hydrogen, various organic compounds have been used in previous azide-containing compositions to react with sodium metal residue. But with all such organic compounds, some carbon monoxide is generated as a side product of the reaction. This also is undesirable for the applications herein discussed because of the toxic properties of carbon monoxide.
The present invention provides a novel gas generating composition which, when ignited, generates nitrogen gas without any of the deleterious side-products associated with the reaction of known compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a solid gas generating composition is provided which, when thermally initiated, rapidly generates pure nitrogen which can be used for inflating an impact protection air cushion. The solid reactants of the composition include an alkali metal azide and a metal oxide. In the preferred embodiment, an excess stoichiometric mixture of sodium azide and copper oxide is used. The decomposition products of the reaction are pure nitrogen gas, liquid copper and sodium oxide. Importantly the gas generated is free of noxious and toxic impurities and can be produced at temperatures low enough to preclude damage to the air cushion or to vehicle occupants.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The propellant gas generated in accordance with this invention comprises nitrogen gas which is released by the exothermic reaction of an alkali metal azide with the oxide of a metal lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide. The reaction is thermally initiated at temperatures between about 600 to 800 Farenheit. Because of the occurrence of spontaneous combustion when alkali metals are exposed to air, the metal of the oxide must not be an alkali metal. Although the exact mechanism is not known, this reaction is believed to proceed in two steps. The first step involves the decomposition of the alkali metal azide to form alkali metal and nitrogen. The second step of the reaction is thought to involve the reaction of the alkali metal formed in the first stage of decomposition with the metal oxide to form alkali metal oxide and metal. These reactions can be represented as follows:
wherein M is an alkali metal, M is a metal (other than an alkali metal) lower in the electromotive series than M; and wherein x is the valence of M". Examples of alkali metal azides include lithium azide, sodium azide, and potassium azide. Examples of suitable metal oxides include copper oxide, iron oxide, stannic oxide, titanium dioxide, lead oxide, chromium oxide and zinc oxide.
It is to be noted that if there is any excess azide present in the mixture, complete reaction will not occur and alkali metal will be formed, which is highly undesirable for reasons hereinbefore discussed. Thus, the amount of metal oxide in the mixture must be sufficient to react with substantially all of the alkali metal of the azide. To insure complete reaction of the azide, it is preferred that the mixture contain a slight stoichiometric excess (a few percent) of the metal oxide. A mixture containing a stoichiometric excess of the metal oxide is one in which the amount of metal oxide exceeds the amount which represents the theoretical stoichiometric amount. It is also to be noted however that if an amount of metal oxide greater than a few percent above the stoichiometric amount is used, the efficiency of the reaction drops and, consequently, less gas per unit weight of the propellant composition is produced. Examples of suitable compositions preferred according to the invention are as follows:
EXAMPLE 1 A mixture comprising 70.9% by weight of sodium azide and 29.l% by weight of iron oxide. (Fe O EXAMPLE 2 A mixture containing 63.3% by weight of sodium azide together with 36.7% by weight of stannic oxide.
EXAMPLE 3 A mixture comprising 765% of sodium azide together with 23.5% by weight of titanium dioxide.
EXAMPLE 4 A mixture comprising 62.0% of sodium azide together with 38.0% by weight of copper oxide.
EXAMPLE 5 A mixture comprising 55.2% of lithium azide together with 44.8% by weight of copper oxide.
EXAMPLE 6 A mixture comprising 67.1% of potassium azide together with 32.9% by weight of copper oxide.
EXAMPLE 7 A mixture comprising 64.8% of Lithium azide together with 35.2% by weight of iron oxide. (Fe O EXAMPLE 8 A mixture comprising 75.3% of potassium azide together with 24.7% by weight of iron oxide. (Fe O Particularly preferred is the mixture set forth in Example 4 above. This mixture was prepared by taking sodium azide in granular form and reducing the size of the granular particles by grinding in a hammer mill to a particle size of less than 50 microns. The ground azide and untreated copper oxide in commercially available powdered form were blended in a twin shell V-blender in the proper proportions until a heterogeneous mixture was obtained.
This mixture exhibits a life of about 30 years and high stability to shock, temperature and humidity. The composition is stable in these respects in that it can be stored for long periods of time without noticeable deterioration, it can be stored at temperatures up to about 240F. for several days and it can withstand relative humidity up to about 80% for at least 30 days. Furthermore, the composition of the preferred embodiment will not detonate as a result of static electricity nor will it detonate upon initiation by a No. 8 blasting cap through a tetryl booster acting on I quart of the propellant composition. Thus the composition is extremely stable and can be initiated only at an ignition temperature above 600F.
The most significant aspect of the reaction of this mixture is the rapid generation of pure, non-toxic nitrogen gas without any of the harmful side-products formed upon decomposition of heretofore known azide compositions and at a temperature not harmful to human beings. For example, 1 10 grams of the preferred mixture ignited at a temperature of 796F. produced enough pure nitrogen to fully inflate an air cushion having a volume of 2.6 cubic feet in less than 25 milliseconds. And, 250 grams of this mixture ignited at the same temperature produced enough gas to fully inflate an air cushion having a volume of 6.0 cubic feet in less than 25 milliseconds.
Generally, any size air cushion can be inflated in the requisite time period by employing a sufficient amount of propellant, the ratio between amount of propellant and air cushion volume remaining roughly constant.
The above description has been made primarily with reference to the best mode contemplated for practicing the invention. It will be recognized that various modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A solid composition for generating nitrogen gas substantially free of noxious and toxic impurities, comprising essentially a mixture of alkali metal azide and at least a stoichiometric amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium and copper oxides and mixtures thereof, said metal oxide being capable of reacting exothermically with the alkali metal azide and wherein the metal of the oxide is lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide and is a metal other than the alkali.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein:
a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide.
3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein:
a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 62 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition; and
b. the metal oxide is copper oxide forming the remainder of the composition.
4. The composition according to claim 2 wherein:
a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 70.9 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition; and
b. the metal oxide is iron oxide forming the remainder of the composition.
5. The composition according to claim 2 wherein:
a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 76.5 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition; and
b. the metal oxide is titanium dioxide forming the remainder of the composition.
6. A method for rapidly generating pure nitrogen gas comprising:
a. providing a homogeneous mixture comprising essentially solid granular alkali metal azide and at least a stoichiometric amount of a metal oxide in solid granular form selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium, and copper oxides and mixtures thereof, said metal oxide being capable of reacting exothermically with the alkali metal azide, the metal of the oxide being lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide and the metal of the oxide being other than an alkali metal; and
b. raising the temperature of the mixture sufficiently to ignite it.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the alkali metal azide is sodium azide.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the metal oxide is copper oxide.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the particle size of the sodium azide is less than about 50 mi-

Claims (9)

1. A solid composition for generating nitrogen gas substantially free of noxious and toxic impurities, comprising essentially a mixture of alkali metal azide and at least a stoichiometric amount of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium and copper oxides aNd mixtures thereof, said metal oxide being capable of reacting exothermically with the alkali metal azide and wherein the metal of the oxide is lower in the electromotive series than the alkali metal of the azide and is a metal other than the alkali.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein: a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide.
3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein: a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 62 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition; and b. the metal oxide is copper oxide forming the remainder of the composition.
4. The composition according to claim 2 wherein: a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 70.9 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition; and b. the metal oxide is iron oxide forming the remainder of the composition.
5. The composition according to claim 2 wherein: a. the alkali metal azide is sodium azide forming about 76.5 parts per hundred by weight of the total composition; and b. the metal oxide is titanium dioxide forming the remainder of the composition.
6. A METHOD FOR RAPIDLY GENERATING PURE NITROGEN GAS COMPRISING: A. PROVIDING A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE COMPRISING ESSENTIALLY SOLID GRANULAR ALKALI METAL AZIDE AND AT LEAST A STOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNT OF A METAL OXIDE IN SOLID GRANULAR FROM SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF IRON, TITANIUM, AND COPPER OXIDES AND MIXTURE THEREOF, SAID METAL OXIDE BEING CAPABLE OF REACTING EXOTHERMICALLY WITH THE ALKALI METAL AZIDE, THE METAL OF THE OXIDE BEING LOWER IN THE ELECTROMOTIVE SERIES THAN THE ALKALI METAL OF THE AZIDE AND THE METAL OF THE OXIDE BEING OTHER THAN AN ALKALI METAL, AND B. RAISING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MIXTURE SUFFICIENTLY TO IGNITE IT.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the alkali metal azide is sodium azide.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the metal oxide is copper oxide.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the particle size of the sodium azide is less than about 50 microns.
US258271A 1972-05-31 1972-05-31 Method and composition for generating nitrogen gas Ceased US3895098A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US258271A US3895098A (en) 1972-05-31 1972-05-31 Method and composition for generating nitrogen gas
JP462873A JPS5313596B2 (en) 1972-05-31 1973-01-05
SE7307575A SE402907B (en) 1972-05-31 1973-05-29 SOLID GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPOSITION FOR USE FOR VERY FAST DEVELOPMENT OF NITROGEN GAS
CA172,583A CA982785A (en) 1972-05-31 1973-05-29 Nitrogen gas generating composition
DE19732327741 DE2327741C3 (en) 1972-05-31 1973-05-30 Solid means for generating gas
IT68604/73A IT991611B (en) 1972-05-31 1973-05-30 PROCEDURE AND COMPOSITION TO GENERATE A GAS PARTICULARLY FOR THE INFLATION OF SAFETY CUSHIONS FOR VEHICLES
FR7319912A FR2186450B1 (en) 1972-05-31 1973-05-30
GB2596473A GB1429842A (en) 1972-05-31 1973-05-31 Method and composition for gas generation
US06/649,573 USRE32584E (en) 1972-05-31 1984-09-12 Method and composition for generating nitrogen gas

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US4203787A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-05-20 Thiokol Corporation Pelletizable, rapid and cool burning solid nitrogen gas generant
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US4734141A (en) * 1987-03-27 1988-03-29 Hercules Incorporated Crash bag propellant compositions for generating high quality nitrogen gas
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US4929290A (en) * 1988-07-25 1990-05-29 Hercules Incorporated Crash bag propellant composition and method for generating nitrogen gas
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DE4141907A1 (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-07-02 Trw Inc Vehicle airbag inflator housing
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US5500059A (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-03-19 Thiokol Corporation Anhydrous 5-aminotetrazole gas generant compositions and methods of preparation
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US5592812A (en) * 1994-01-19 1997-01-14 Thiokol Corporation Metal complexes for use as gas generants
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US4920743A (en) * 1988-07-25 1990-05-01 Hercules Incorporated Crash bag propellant composition and method for generating nitrogen gas
US5286054A (en) * 1989-12-04 1994-02-15 Talley Automotive Products, Inc. Aspirating/venting motor vehicle passenger airbag module
US4999063A (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-03-12 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Process for manufacturing a gas generating material
US5019220A (en) * 1990-08-06 1991-05-28 Morton International, Inc. Process for making an enhanced thermal and ignition stability azide gas generant
US5223184A (en) * 1990-08-06 1993-06-29 Morton International, Inc. Enhanced thermal and ignition stability azide gas generant
US5437229A (en) * 1990-08-06 1995-08-01 Morton International, Inc. Enhanced thermal and ignition stability azide gas generant intermediates
US5131679A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-07-21 Trw Inc. Initiator assembly for air bag inflator
US5269560A (en) * 1990-12-18 1993-12-14 Twr Inc. Initiator assembly for air bag inflator
DE4141907C3 (en) * 1990-12-18 2001-02-15 Trw Inc inflator
DE4141907A1 (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-07-02 Trw Inc Vehicle airbag inflator housing
DE4218531C1 (en) * 1991-10-11 1993-07-15 Bayern-Chemie Gesellschaft Fuer Flugchemische Antriebe Mbh, 8261 Aschau, De
DE4318883A1 (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-12-09 Trw Inc Automotive airbag inflator - has layered materials contg. azide and oxidant igniting and burning at controlled rate to achieve optimum inflation and protection of vehicle occupants
US5345873A (en) * 1992-08-24 1994-09-13 Morton International, Inc. Gas bag inflator containing inhibited generant
US5682013A (en) * 1992-08-24 1997-10-28 Morton International, Inc. Gas generant body having pressed-on burn inhibitor layer
US5462306A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-10-31 Trw Inc. Gas generator for vehicle occupant restraint
US5682014A (en) * 1993-08-02 1997-10-28 Thiokol Corporation Bitetrazoleamine gas generant compositions
US5472647A (en) * 1993-08-02 1995-12-05 Thiokol Corporation Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions
US5500059A (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-03-19 Thiokol Corporation Anhydrous 5-aminotetrazole gas generant compositions and methods of preparation
US5501823A (en) * 1993-08-02 1996-03-26 Thiokol Corporation Preparation of anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions
US5429691A (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-07-04 Thiokol Corporation Thermite compositions for use as gas generants comprising basic metal carbonates and/or basic metal nitrates
US5401340A (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-03-28 Thiokol Corporation Borohydride fuels in gas generant compositions
US5439537A (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-08-08 Thiokol Corporation Thermite compositions for use as gas generants
EP0659715A2 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-28 Morton International, Inc. Gas generant compositions
EP0659715A3 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-09-27 Morton Int Inc Gas generant compositions.
US5673935A (en) * 1994-01-19 1997-10-07 Thiokol Corporation Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US5735118A (en) * 1994-01-19 1998-04-07 Thiokol Corporation Using metal complex compositions as gas generants
US5592812A (en) * 1994-01-19 1997-01-14 Thiokol Corporation Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US5725699A (en) * 1994-01-19 1998-03-10 Thiokol Corporation Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US6969435B1 (en) 1994-01-19 2005-11-29 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US9199886B2 (en) 1994-01-19 2015-12-01 Orbital Atk, Inc. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US20100084060A1 (en) * 1994-01-19 2010-04-08 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Metal complexes for use as gas generants
US6481746B1 (en) 1994-01-19 2002-11-19 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Metal hydrazine complexes for use as gas generants
EP0699645A1 (en) 1994-08-17 1996-03-06 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for the production of exothermically reacting compositions
EP0708003A1 (en) 1994-10-17 1996-04-24 Trw Inc. Auto ignition package for an air bag inflator
US6053110A (en) * 1998-01-16 2000-04-25 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Airbag generant wafer design with I-beam construction
US6073963A (en) * 1998-03-19 2000-06-13 Oea, Inc. Initiator with injection molded insert member
RU2484075C2 (en) * 2011-04-21 2013-06-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной химии" Method to manufacture pyrotechnical charges
WO2020060440A1 (en) 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Естиконде Инвестмент Лимитед Nitrogen-generating composition for fire-extinguishing and method for producing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2327741B2 (en) 1975-11-20
JPS4930287A (en) 1974-03-18
JPS5313596B2 (en) 1978-05-11
CA982785A (en) 1976-02-03
DE2327741A1 (en) 1973-12-20
FR2186450B1 (en) 1977-07-29
FR2186450A1 (en) 1974-01-11
IT991611B (en) 1975-08-30
SE402907B (en) 1978-07-24
GB1429842A (en) 1976-03-31

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