US3906599A - Method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement - Google Patents
Method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement Download PDFInfo
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- US3906599A US3906599A US371725A US37172573A US3906599A US 3906599 A US3906599 A US 3906599A US 371725 A US371725 A US 371725A US 37172573 A US37172573 A US 37172573A US 3906599 A US3906599 A US 3906599A
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Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
Definitions
- ABSTRACT An improved needling method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement.
- a web of fibers having at least some structural integrity is fed through a needle zone in a substantially untensioned condition and the web is moved or allowed to move transverse of its direction of feed movement prior to the inlet of the needle: zone to cause oscillations to feed forwardly in the direction of web movement, the oscillations progressively decreasing in amplitude through the entire needle zone.
- the invention relates to a new and improved method for making a needled fabric having increased fiber entanglement and a coherent fiber structure, the method utilizing a new needle machine having an improved means for controlling the feed of the web composite through the needling area.
- the visual effect is a series of linear scars of varying width and intensity running in the direction of machine feed. Because of the desirability of producing a product with a uniformsurface, this linear surface effect has been investigated in detail, but the art has not been able to determine precisely the cause thereof. It is believed, however, that misplaced, bent, or irregular needles and/or the feedinterval of the fiber web contribute to the tracking phenomenon.
- Young reference indicates that large distances'between successive needle punches should be practiced.- Further, Young indicates that by moving the web of fibers laterally with respect to the feed direction, the nature of 2v tracking can be affected. However, the tracking still exists and, essentially, only the surface appearance is changed.
- the fiber involvement by a relatively short distance between successive needle penetration so orients the fibers of the needle batt that succeeding needles are, in effect, guided again into the previously needled areas and intensify the tracking difficulty.
- the tracking produces rows of densely needled fibers separated by areas of considerably less needled fibers, similar to the appearance of a plowed field.
- the web must be free to move transversely while passing through the needling zone. Also, it is important and preferred that the movement in the transverse direction decreases, generally, in amplitude as the web passes through the needling zone. With such provisions during the needling operation, the tracking noted above may not only be substantially mitigated, but it has been additionally discovered that the needling effectiveness, as indicated by the physical properties of the resulting fabric, is significantly increased.
- the relatively short distances between successive needle penetrations are herein defined as those distances which allow a successive needle penetration to involve fibers involved by the previous penetrations.
- involvement of fibers of the foregoing nature will be accomplished when at least seven needle penetrations per linear inch are performed by a particular needle.
- the present invention relates to a novel method of producing a'needled fabric structure from a web or composite of fibers having some structural integrity as well as to a machine for accomplishing the foregoing method. Additionally, the invention relates to a novel needled fabric structure made by the machine and method.
- the term web of fibers having some structural integrity is defined as a web of loosely matted fibers which have been needled at least once to give-some structural integrity to the web, or a web of loosely matted fibers having a foundation so that there is some structure to the composite which enables the method to be accomplished thereon when the web is moving or to a web of loosely matted fibers which have been tacked needled to give some body or structural integrity to the web.
- the term does include a web which has made more than one pass through a needling operation wherein its structural integrity is substantial.
- the needling be carried out under minimum tension, as noted above, in order that the web be free to move in the transverse direction to the web movement in the feed direction in a manner which will accomplish the desired needling action to obviate the difficulty with tracking.
- this may be accomplished by simply allowing the web sufficient freedomto wander or wobble in a non-controlled and random fashio'nas it is fed in and through the needling area; that is, without a specific guiding means.
- This freedom must be consistent with feeding the web into the needling area and preventing theweb from folding, doubling, or jamming as it enters and passes through the needling operation.
- this minimum tension must be consistent with keeping the web moving into and through the needling zone, and with these reservations being observed, the minimum tension for the preferred embodiment will allow the random wandering or wobbling.
- the unpredicted and random wandering of the web may not be sufficient to insure sufficient translation of the web to obviate the linear surface tracking and associated non-uniformities of internal structure.
- this positive oscillation it is important that the oscillation be performed on the web prior to entering the needling zone, as opposed to a positive oscillation of the web exiting from the needling zone. Oscillation from the exit end of the needling zone is not capable of transmitting the oscillations backwardly entirely through the web within the needling zone. Accordingly, in this embodiment of the invention, the oscillation must be performed from the entry end of the needling zone.
- the present application provides a means and method of control of the process described in the earlier aforenoted parent application. This predictable control over the process renders the process more acceptable for high volume and high speed applicataion of the process with a more uniform product.
- the web of fibers having some structural integrity is advanced from a source of supply to a needling zone or area and prior to its entering the needling zone or area, the web is positively placed in a substantially untensioned condition by a festoon or the like before the inlet of the needle area and is then fed through the needling zone or area while in this condition.
- the advancement for the web isprovided by draw rolls located at a remote point from the outlet of the needling zone or area and these draw rolls may be either continuously rotated or rotated in step by step increments.
- the portion of the web within the needling zone or area will remain substantially relaxed even though the draw rolls are continuously rotated and even though the needles may happen to be in the web tending to restrain the web momentarily between the needling zone or area and the draw rolls.
- the untensioned condition of the web at the inlet permits the looseness of the web to be reflected into the needling zone so that the needles can perform their intended purpose to the web.
- the web advancing toward the needling zone or area at its inlet is positively reciprocated in a transverse direction to the direction of movement of the web through the needling zone or area.
- This produces cyclic oscillations in the web through the entire needling zone with the oscillations having decreasing translating amplitudes in the forward direction.
- the transverse movement of the untensioned web back and forth just'prior to the inlet of the needle area does not result in oscillations being transferred rearwardly in the web to the supply for the web as the means for maintaining the web in a substantially untensioned condition forward of the inlet to the needling zone or area absorbs these oscillations.
- the draw rolls are positioned on the outlet of the needling zone remotely forward of the same and, thus, the oscillations extend through the entire needle zone.
- needling zone or needling area is defined as the section of a needle loom lying between the feed rolls and the draw rolls. In this area, there is an array of needles in successive rows which may be mounted in a single or a plurality of needle boards arranged on one or both sides of the web to be needled.
- a fiber chain entanglement is produced in the needling zone or area and this fiber chain entanglement may be produced by needle looms such as disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 3,112,552 and 3,132,406.
- the disclosures of these patents are incorporated herein by reference and the fiber chain entanglement disclosed therein is now referred to in the art by way of the trademark FIBERWOVEN or FIBER- WOVEN looms and for convenience in this specification, this terminology will be used hereinafter.
- Chain entanglement is defined as intermingling, interlooping and/or interlacing of fibers where coherence results from continuous entanglement of fibers oriented along a plane lengthwise of the fabric.
- interlooping defines a subsurface binding together of fibers in a web or the like of loosely matted fibers, the bonding being accomplished by passing fibers through the loops of other fibers previously oriented below the surface of the web. lnterlooping of fibers is akin to knitting as it provides entanglement of fibers by loop engagement rather than a binding by a tying action.
- interlacing is intended to define a binding together of fibers primarily from one outside surface of the web to the other outside surface of the web. Interlacing of fibers is somewhat similar to a sewing action, although it does not depend on a continuous threaded action.
- the ends of fibers lying on and/or adjacent to one surface are carried through the web body and then at least partially returned toward the initial side by another path with other fibers from and/or adjacent to the other surface so as to become oriented in a manner analogous to a thread in sewing as distinguished from interlooping where the binding is confined to subsurface fibers.
- the invention does not necessarily require the use of the F IBERWOVEN looms as other types of needle looms may be used, although they would not provide the row chain entanglement offibers throughout the needled fabric structure.
- the needled fabric structure utilizing the present invention with a conventional needle loom would have increased fiber entanglement as a result of better needle efficiency without linear needle patterns or needle tracks over the fabric surface normally observed on such looms.
- the preferred novel product of the present invention results from a situation wherein the rows of the chain entanglement of fibers are not generally linear and parallel to one another as disclosed in FIG. 15 of [1.8. Pat.
- the rows have oscillating or substantially sinosoidal configurations in plan elevation with the amplitude of some rows varying from the amplitude of other rows and with the rows crossing over and through one another along the length of the needled fabric product.
- chains of entanglement positively interconnect by crossing each other at acute angles.
- Such novel product as described herein has in the order of 20% greater fiber entanglement than heretofore needled fabric structures for a given number of needle penetrations per unit area.
- the needled fabric structure of the present invention may be used for end products such as blankets; wearing apparel, draperies or the like wherein such products are subjected to laundering or dry cleaning or it may be used for dense fiber fabric structures such as carpets, upholstery material, and artificial leather and the like, or it may be used for filters, felts, and other products requiring uniformity and tightly entangled, cohering fiber structures.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic view of a FIBER- WOVEN loom used in accordance with the present invention and illustrating the reciprocation of the web as it enters each of the needling zones to cause oscillation of the web in the needlingzones.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the loom looking in the direction of the arrow A of FIG. 1, the view illustrating the drive for the draw rolls of the lower needling zone as well as the means for reducing the tension in the web as it is moved to and through the upper needling zone.
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view partly in elevation and taken substantially on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a view in the direction of the arrow B of FIG. 1, the view illustrating partly in section and partly in elevation the drive for reciprocating the web in a direction transverse to its movement through the needling zone.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic pl fn view illustrating the needled paths of certain individual needles in the needling zone when the web is moved transversely of its direction of movement through the needling zone, the view also illustrating the decreasing amplitudes of oscillation causing needle paths of different: amplitudes.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a modified arrangement of the present invention wherein the web is introduced into the needling zone in a tensionless condition and without a positive means for moving the web transverse of the feed of the same.
- FIG. 1 there is disclosed schematically a system for accomplishing the method, apparatus, and the making of the product of the present invention.
- a web feed or supply roll 10 supported for rotation on a frame structure 12 provides a source of supply for a web 14 of fibers having some structural integrity.
- the web 14 of fibers may have been previously needled or may have been tacked needled or it may be a web of loosely matted fibers with a foundation. However, if it is a web of loosely matted fibers with a foundation, this is usually made after carding of the web and usually such a web would be fed directly into the needle loom.
- the roll 10 has a gear 16 carried on one end thereof and about which extends an endless drive chain 18, the drive chain being driven off of a gear 20 carried on the drive shaft of a variable speed electric motor 22 having speed controls at 24.
- the motor drives the roll 10 in the direction of the arrow C and feeds the web 14 into a multi-pass needle loom generally designated at 26.
- the needle loom 26 is schematically shown but it is generally of the type disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,132,406 in that it is provided with two needling zones 28 and 30, one above the other. Of course, the web 14 is fed through these zones in a different'path of feed from that shown in the aforementioned US. Pat. No.
- Each needle zone or area 28 and 30 includes two pairs of needle boards mounted on rocker arms 32 and 34 and arranged to rock about axes 36 and 38, respectively, so that the needle boards of each pair of needle boards alternately penetrate the web 14 as it is passing through the needling zone.
- each of needle boards had an upper needle board and a lower needle board, both with arrays of needles arranged in successive rows transverse of the machine direction.
- the needles of the upper board are point on point with and travel in a generally mirror image path of the needles of the lower board and by controlling this with the feed of the web, the chain entanglement of fibersresults.
- needling zone .or area 28 which includes the first pair of needle boards 40 and the second pair of needle boards 42, it willbe noted that immediately adjacent to the inlet side of the needle zone or area 28 there is provided a free wheeling or freely rotating translating roll 44 over which the web passes into the needling area. Between the roll 44 and the roll 10, a festoon 46 is formed and this provides a substantially untensioned condition in the web 14 as it is being fed into and through the needling zone.
- the roll 44 is a freely rotating roll in that it is mounted for rotation on a non-rotating shaft 52, the roll having no means of positive rotation.
- the shaft 52 is provided with a pair of collars 54 (only one shown) on either side of the roll 44 to prevent axial movement of the roll 44 relative to the shaft but permitting rotative movement relative to the shaft.
- the ends of shaft 52 extend through bearing means 56 (only one shown) on each side of the frame 58 of the loom 26 and one of its ends 60 is bifurcated for receiving the end of a crank arm 62 carried on a crank 64.
- Crank 64 is rotated by a variable speed motor 66 through a transmission 68 and thus rotary movement is translated into re ciprocating movement of the shaft 52.
- the length of the stroke of reciprocation of the shaft 52 may be varied by adjustment of the position of the crank arm 62 relative to the crank 64 through use of the adjustment means 70.
- An idler roll 72 carried on a shaft 74 having its ends extending through slots in U-shaped brackets 76 provides anip through which the web must pass. It will now be obvious that when the'web 14 is being pulled through the needling zone or area 28 by the draw rolls 48 and 50, the web will cause the two rolls 44 and 72 to freely rotate on their respective shafts 52 and 74.
- the electric motor 66 is driving the crank arm 62 through the crank 64 and is causing the shaft 52 to reciprocate back and forth although this shaft is not rotating.
- the collars 54 and 73 on the shafts will cause the respective rolls 44 and 72 to move with the shafts while the rolls are being rotated by the web being pulled through the loom.
- Roll 72 is provided in situations when the web has been dampened to assist in the needling of the same. Its dead weight bearing on the web is sufficient to squeeze any excess needling fluid from the web so that the web is properly saturated during needling.
- Both the rolls 44 and 72 may be steel rolls with one or both being covered with a friction material such as a pebbled rubber cover or the like.
- the roll 48 has a shaft 78 with its ends extending through bearings 80 (only one being shown) on the frame 58.
- the shaft 82 extending through bearings 84 (only one being shown) on the frame 58, is keyed to the roll 50 and to a gear or pinion 86 by means of a Woodruff key 88 or the like.
- the shaft 78 and the roll 48 are keyed to one another and to a gear pinion 90, the pinion 90 meshing with the pinion 86.
- a variable speed electric motor 96 drives through a transmission 98 a gear 100 and an endless gear chain 102 passes about the gears 92 and 98 and this causes the shaft 82 to rotate the roll 50.
- An endless gear chain 104 passes about the gear 94 and also about a gear or pinion 106 mounted on a shaft 110 carrying a feed roll 112.
- the feed roll 112 cooperates with a second feed roll 114 through meshing gears to drive the same and the web 14 passing upwardly from the draw rolls 48 and 50 passes about the feed rolls 112 and 114 and then is formed into a second festoon 116 for reducing the tension in the web.
- the web then passes into the inlet of the upper needling zone or area 30 which has two pairs of needle boards 124 and 126, respectively, where it is needled in substantially an identical manner to the needling in thezone 28.
- the draw rolls 48 and 50 are driven at the same speed as the rolls 112 and 114. Additionally the draw rolls 128 and 130 are driven at the same speed as the aforementioned rolls and once the motors 96 and 136 have been properly synchronized at a desired speed, then there is no longer a necessity to make adjustments to these rolls.
- the feed roll 10 is varying in diameter throughout the operation. This makes it necessary for an operator to adjust the speed of motor 22 by control means 24 occasionally to make up for any overfeeding of the web to the festoon 46. The reverse is true with respect to the take-up roll or beam 144.
- each of the festoons 46 and 1 16 which insure relaxation of the web prior to entry into the respective needling zones 28 and 30 and thus insure minimum tension of the web within these zones, may be provided with an elongated bar or roller 150 and the purpose of this bar is to control the flopping back and forth of the festoon or loop caused by the reciprocating translation of the web on therolls 44 and 118, respectively.
- each festoon absorbs the backward motion of the oscillation of the web so that it can extend no further backward than to the takeoff point of the feed or supply roll 10 or to the feed roll l14.
- the bars or rollers 150 are cylindrical in shape and may be slightly weighted if it is desired to adjust the tension of the web entering the respective needling zones 28 and 30.
- the web is in a substantially untensioned condition when it enters the inlets of and is within each of the needling zones.
- the translation back and forth of the rolls 44 and 118 may be in a range to cause an amplitude of movement of the web through a cycle of oscillation at the inlet of a needle zone or area in a range of 0.5 inch to 2.5 inches, the amplitude of the cycle of oscillation of the web decreasing in a forward direction through the entire needle zone to a range of 0.1 inch to 0.3 inch at theoutlet of the same.
- the web is advanced forwardly so that each needle in punching the web produces a substantially sine wave path, suchadvancement for each cycle of translation or oscillations being in a range of 3 to 7 inches for each cycle of oscillation.
- the arrays of needles preferably penetrate the web in a range in order of 50 to 200 times.
- the transverse web motion may vary substantially from zero up to and equal to the amount of longitudinal advance between successive needle penetrations at the inlet of the needle zone.
- a typical working example of needling wherein the needled fabric structure is provided with about 20% increase in fiber entanglement and greater density is as follows: The web was shifted back and forth transversely of its direction of movement through the needling zone or area at a rate of 10 cycles per minute with its feed through the needling zone being 42 inches per minute. In the needling zone, each needle (which is substantially 20 mils. in width) of each needle board of each pair of needle boards punched the web. 850 times per minute. With the above conditions, the amplitude of the substantially sinosoidal shaped chain entanglement of fibers at the first row of needles was 0.7 inch whereas the amplitude at the last row of needles on the second pair of needle boards adjacent the outlet was 0.1 inch.
- FIG. 5 there is disclosed a schematic representation of the web 14 passing through one needle zone or area comprising two pairs of needle boards 40 and 42.
- Four needles are shown and are identified as N1, N2, N3, and N4. From this schematic view,it will be noted that the sinosoidal shape path caused by needle N1 has a greater amplitude than the path caused by needle N2 and this is also true for the needles N3 and N4.
- the needle paths are substantially sinosoidal and this chain entanglement will appear throughout the length of the fabric structure.
- each of the needle boards has an array of needles closely spaced apart: in successive transverse rows with the rows being offset with respect to one another and, of course, the sinosoidal paths of fiber chain entanglement of individual needles cross through, over and under the sinosoidal paths of other individual needles, as illustrated in FIG. 5 (note the crossing of paths caused by needles N2 and N2, for example).
- FIG. 1 of the drawings discloses the use of a freely rotating positively controlled reciprocating roll 44 for imparting movement transverse to the feed direction of the web 14 as it enters the needling zone 28 from the loosely hanging festoon 46
- the web 14 could be fed directly from the supply roll or beam 10 to the needling zone with the festoon provided intermediate the same, the beam or supply roll 10 being positively reciprocated to cause the transverse movement of the web instead of the roll 44.
- FIG. 6 of the drawings there is disclosed schematically a further embodiment of the present invention wherein the web 14 is introduced into the needling zone 28 in a substantially tensionless condition and without a positive means for moving the web transverse of the feed direction of the smae.
- the web 14 is fed from the supply roll or beam over a driven rotating roll 11 wider than the width of the web into a J box 13 also wider than the width of the web. Since the T box 13 is of greater width than the web 14, the web will randomly plait in the J box.
- the roll 11 could be replaced with an elliptical shaped driven plaiter roll (not shown) but the plaiting of the web would still form random plaits or irregular folds.
- the web 14 feeds from the .1 box 13 over a freely rotating roll 15 into the needling zone 28 and will randomly move or wander transverse of the feed direction through the needling zone because of the random or irregular plaitin g of the web in the J box and the tensionless condition of the web in its movement in the feed direction.
- the arrows shown in FIG. 6 represent a random transverse movement of the web 14 rather than the positive reciprocating movement referred to with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 1.
- a take up may be a take up roll such as the roll 144 of FIG. 1 or it may pass to a second needling zone (not shown) such as the needling zone 30 of FIG. 1.
- J box 13 is disclosed as a conventional type of J box having an inlet and an outlet, it is, of course, within the scope of the present invention that a metal or plastic support, which is J or U shaped, may be used, the support sheet'not having the sidewalls or innerwall of the conventional J box.
- the J box 13 or support sheet (not shown) provides a festoon for the web 14' just prior to the inlet of the needling zone 28, the festoon being supported at its lowest point of its loop so that there is less weight of the web entering the inlet and being fed throughthe needling zone. This provides less tension in the web in the needling zone than the simple festoon described in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
- the modification of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 could be further modified to provide a positive means for moving the web transverse to the feed direction of the same by utilizing a reciprocating roll, such as the roll 44, in place of the freely rotating roll 15 or by positively reciprocating the roll 11.
- a reciprocating roll such as the roll 44
- a method for producing a needled fabric structure having improved fiber entanglement and appearance comprising:
- a method as claimed in claim 1 including positively reducing the amount of tension on the needled web after drawing of the needled web from the needling zone and then uniformly needling the web under minimum tension in a second needling zone.
- a method as claimed in claim 4 including controlling the minimum tension in the web by adding weight on the loop of the festoon.
- a method as claimed in claim 6 including supporting the plaits of the web as the web advances to the needling zone.
- a method as claimed in claim 8 in which the step of positively controlling the web is accomplished by oscillating the web prior to its entering the needling zone, the cycle of oscillation of the web-causing decreasing translating amplitudes of the web in a forward direction throughout the entire needling zone.
- oscillation of the web causes a translating amplitude in the web at the inlet to the needling zone ina range of 0.5 inches to 2.5 inches and a translating amplitude in the web at the outlet of the needling zone of 0.1 inches to 0.3 inches.
- transverse movement of the web may equal up to longitudinal movement of the web between successive penetrations.
- a method as claimed in claim 9 in which the web is translated at the inlet of the needling zone so that the web motion at the outlet of the needling zone varies between zero and at least one-tenth of the maximum width of a given needle and preferably zero to one-half the maximum width of the given needle between successive penetrations by the given needle.
- a method as claimed in claim 9 in which the web is translated at the inlet of the needling zone so that the web motion at the inlet of the needling zone varies between zero and one-half of the maximum width of a given needle and preferably between zero and ten times the maximum width of the given needle between successive penetrations by the given needle.
- a method as claimed in claim 9 including needling the web in the needling zone from both sides to provide rows of chain entanglement of fibers in the web, at least some of the rows of chain entanglements of fibers crossing one another lengthwise of the web.
- each of said rows of chain entanglement of fibers has a generally sinosoidal configuration in plan elevation.
- a method as claimed in claim 9 including needling the web in the needling zone from both sides to provide rows of chain entanglement of fibers in the web, at least some of the rows of chain entanglements of fibers crossing one another lengthwise of the web.
- a method as claimed in claim 20 in which at least some of the rows of chain entanglement of fibers lengthwise of the web cross back and forth over and through one another at an acute angle to one another.
- a method as claimed in claim 20 in which the web is oscillated as it enters the needling zone to thereby cause the rows of chain entanglement to be generally sinosoidal lengthwise of the web.
- a method as claimed in claim 24 including supporting the plaits of the web as the web advances to the needling zone.
- a method for producing a needled fabric structure having improved fiber entanglement and appearance comprising:
Abstract
Description
Claims (32)
Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US371725A US3906599A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1973-06-20 | Method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement |
BE141515A BE811719R (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-02-28 | NEEDLE STOFF AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS |
IN440/CAL/74A IN140715B (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-03-01 | |
NLAANVRAGE7404319,A NL175080C (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-03-29 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A Punctured Textile Product |
CA196,441A CA1007434A (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-04-01 | Apparatus and method for producing a needled fabric |
GB2313774A GB1432881A (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-05-23 | Method and apparatus for producing a needled fabric structure |
ZA00743507A ZA743507B (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-03 | Needle loom, method and product |
FR7420036A FR2234403B1 (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-10 | |
BR4871/74A BR7404871D0 (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-14 | PERFECT PROCESS AND MACHINE TO PRODUCE A TUFTING TISSUE STRUCTURE AND SOFT TISSUE STRUCTURE |
DE2429016A DE2429016C2 (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-18 | Method for producing a needled textile material and device for carrying out the method |
IT24111/74A IT1015159B (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-18 | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A FABRIC BETWEEN POINTED AND FABRIC WITH IT OTTE NUTO |
ES427471A ES427471A1 (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-20 | Method and apparatus for producing a needled fabric structure |
JP49069796A JPS5846580B2 (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1974-06-20 | Method and machine for producing needle threaded fabric |
US05/567,010 US4021593A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1975-04-10 | Needled fabric structure |
CA253,947A CA1017133A (en) | 1973-06-20 | 1976-05-31 | Needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00221614A US3817820A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1972-01-28 | Needled textile fabric |
US371725A US3906599A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1973-06-20 | Method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00221614A Continuation-In-Part US3817820A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1972-01-28 | Needled textile fabric |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/567,010 Division US4021593A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1975-04-10 | Needled fabric structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3906599A true US3906599A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
Family
ID=26915944
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US371725A Expired - Lifetime US3906599A (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1973-06-20 | Method for producing a needled fabric having improved fiber entanglement |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3906599A (en) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4105381A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1978-08-08 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Apparatus for the production of a nonwoven fabric |
US4183985A (en) * | 1978-01-05 | 1980-01-15 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Process of producing a nonwoven needled napped fabric having superior resistance to pilling and shedding |
US6311375B1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2001-11-06 | Gilbert Patrick | Method of needle punching yarns |
WO2002055777A1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-07-18 | Rieter Perfojet | Installation for producing non-woven textile webs with jet fluids leaving no visible mark |
US6796115B1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2004-09-28 | Gilbert Patrick | Needle punched yarns |
US20070101560A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2007-05-10 | Walter Luger | Needling machine and a method for the operation thereof |
US20200008527A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2020-01-09 | Nike, Inc. | Systems and methods for manufacturing footwear with felting |
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US4105381A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1978-08-08 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Apparatus for the production of a nonwoven fabric |
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US20070101560A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2007-05-10 | Walter Luger | Needling machine and a method for the operation thereof |
US20200008527A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2020-01-09 | Nike, Inc. | Systems and methods for manufacturing footwear with felting |
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