US3908902A - Molded or extruded synthetic railroad ties, beams and structural members - Google Patents

Molded or extruded synthetic railroad ties, beams and structural members Download PDF

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Publication number
US3908902A
US3908902A US410171A US41017173A US3908902A US 3908902 A US3908902 A US 3908902A US 410171 A US410171 A US 410171A US 41017173 A US41017173 A US 41017173A US 3908902 A US3908902 A US 3908902A
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Prior art keywords
beams
structural members
wood
railroad ties
tie
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Expired - Lifetime
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US410171A
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Benjamin P Collins
John J Novello
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Collins Synthetics Inc
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Collins Synthetics Inc
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention relates to railroad ties and the like, such as beams and structural members, and particularly to articles of recycled wood and to the process of making the same.
  • This invention relates to railroad ties, beams and structural members made from waste wood.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to provide an improved railroad tie, structural member, or the like, which is relatively inexpensive and yet will perform satisfactorily in service and the method of making the same.
  • recycled comminuted railroad ties, as well as waste wood, such as wood chips or bark can be mixed with thermoplastic polyester resin and catalyst and subjected to high pressure and heat to form a railroad tie, structural beam or the like.
  • structural beam is meant to include load bearing members for buildings or other structural use.
  • the mixture also can include fire retardants and reinforcing means, such as wood slabs as obtained in lumber milling operations.
  • the waste wood has its moisture content controlled so as to have a moisture retention of at least 30 percent by weight.
  • the ties and beams have a relatively high density in the range of 50 to 70 lbs. per cu. ft. and with a high strength.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a tie with rails thereon;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one manner of making a tie
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective sectional view of a tie showing the chips therein.
  • a railroad tie is normally partially embedded or laid on crushed rock ballast 11.
  • Rails 12, 13 are laid on top of tie 10 and can be held in place in various known manners, such as by spikes 14, 15.
  • Old or used railroad ties can be cut or comminuted or made into wood chips for use in producing the tie of the present invention. If the tie has creosote therein and it is deemed necessary, the creosote can be removed in any known manner, such as acetone or the like.
  • waste wood products such as bark resulting from lumber milling or chips produced in milling
  • the chips can be A to /2 inch in length and the comminuted tie fibers can be inch long.
  • the recycled tie chips or fibers and/or the waste wood is mixed with thermoplastic polyester resin and then placed in a mold and pressed under heat and pressure.
  • the mixture can be extruded as shown in FIG 2.
  • the waste wood to be extruded along with the resin and additives are placed in hopper 16 and extruded through dies 17 by screw 18 to a receiving station 19. Heat is applied as is known in the extrusion art.
  • the finished tie 20 or structural member is sized as desired.
  • Other suitable catalysts can be used, including those which do not require external heat for action.
  • the waste wood should be dried or treated before molding or extrusion so that it has a moisture retention of at least approximately 30 percent by weight and preferably about 35 percent.
  • a tie or beam which is composed of:
  • thermoplastic resin that furnished by W. R. Grace Co. under the identification of GR 1 17. Greater flexibility in the ties and beams was obtained by using a polyester resin furnished by W. R. Grace under the identification of GR 14010.
  • Aluminum hydrate can be added to the mix together with the catalyst for the polyester resin.
  • the structural member can have a composition in accordance with the following approximate ranges:
  • slabs of wood also could be included in the mix.
  • ties are normally 8 feet 6 inches to 9 feet 0 inch in length and are approximately 6 inches X 8 inches or 7 inches X 9 inches in cross section.
  • the slabs can extend longitudinally in the member to within about 2 inches of each end, there being a single slab, more than one slab, or overlapping slabs.
  • a waste wood structural member composed of:

Abstract

This invention relates to railroad ties and the like, such as beams and structural members, and particularly to articles of recycled wood and to the process of making the same.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Collins et al.
[ 51 Sept. 30, 1975 22 Filed: Oct. 26, 1973 211 Appl. No; 410,171
[52] US. Cl 238/83; 260/9; 260/174 R [51] Int. Cl. E01B 3/02 [58] Field of Search 260/17, 16, 9; 238/83,
[56] References Cited UNlTED STATES PATENTS 598.127 2/1898 1 623,185 4/1927 3.463.746 8/1969 3,598,312 8/1971 Hamilton, Jr. 238/84 Primary Examiner-M. Henson Wood, Jr Assistant E.\'uminerRichard A. Bcrtsch Attorney, Agent, or FirmSmythe & Moore [57] ABSTRACT This invention relates to railroad ties and the like, such as beams and structural members, and particularly to articles of recycled wood and to the process of making the same.
4 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures US. Patent Sept. 30,1975
MOLDED OR EXTRUDED SYNTHETIC RAILROAD TIES, BEAMS AND STRUCTURAL MEMBERS This invention relates to railroad ties, beams and structural members made from waste wood.
Railroad ties have been made of wood for many years, the ties being placed on rock ballast and having the steel rails carried thereon and fastened thereto, such as by spikes or the like. Wood deteriorates in spite of being impregnated with a preservative, such as creosote. The ties are of such a size that wood must be obtained from large size trees without defects, such as splits, and suitable lumber or wood is becoming scarce. Other types of material, such as concrete or metal, have not been satisfactory because of weight and improper resiliency. Also, concrete is subject to cracking because of water freezing. Due to the aforementioned scarcity of lumber, beams and similar structural members of high strength also have been expensive and difficult to obtain. It is known to make thin particle board from wood chips and thermosetting resins, such as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,746.
One of the objects of the invention is to provide an improved railroad tie, structural member, or the like, which is relatively inexpensive and yet will perform satisfactorily in service and the method of making the same.
In one aspect of the invention, recycled comminuted railroad ties, as well as waste wood, such as wood chips or bark, can be mixed with thermoplastic polyester resin and catalyst and subjected to high pressure and heat to form a railroad tie, structural beam or the like. The term structural beam is meant to include load bearing members for buildings or other structural use. The mixture also can include fire retardants and reinforcing means, such as wood slabs as obtained in lumber milling operations. The waste wood has its moisture content controlled so as to have a moisture retention of at least 30 percent by weight. The ties and beams have a relatively high density in the range of 50 to 70 lbs. per cu. ft. and with a high strength.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the accompanying description and drawings, which are merely exemplary.
IN THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a tie with rails thereon;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one manner of making a tie; and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective sectional view of a tie showing the chips therein.
Referring to FIG. 1, a railroad tie is normally partially embedded or laid on crushed rock ballast 11. Rails 12, 13 are laid on top of tie 10 and can be held in place in various known manners, such as by spikes 14, 15.
Old or used railroad ties can be cut or comminuted or made into wood chips for use in producing the tie of the present invention. If the tie has creosote therein and it is deemed necessary, the creosote can be removed in any known manner, such as acetone or the like.
Other waste wood products, such as bark resulting from lumber milling or chips produced in milling, can be used as will appear hereafter. Merely by way of example, the chips can be A to /2 inch in length and the comminuted tie fibers can be inch long.
The recycled tie chips or fibers and/or the waste wood is mixed with thermoplastic polyester resin and then placed in a mold and pressed under heat and pressure.
Alternatively, the mixture can be extruded as shown in FIG 2. The waste wood to be extruded along with the resin and additives are placed in hopper 16 and extruded through dies 17 by screw 18 to a receiving station 19. Heat is applied as is known in the extrusion art. The finished tie 20 or structural member is sized as desired. Other suitable catalysts can be used, including those which do not require external heat for action.
The waste wood should be dried or treated before molding or extrusion so that it has a moisture retention of at least approximately 30 percent by weight and preferably about 35 percent.
As one specific example, a tie or beam can be produced which is composed of:
Percentage by Weight Waste wood 50% Polyester resin, GR l 17 25% Aluminum hydrate, Alcoa 33l 23% Benzyl peroxide powder catalyst 1% Dimethyl aniline catalyst 1% The thermoplastic resin is that furnished by W. R. Grace Co. under the identification of GR 1 17. Greater flexibility in the ties and beams was obtained by using a polyester resin furnished by W. R. Grace under the identification of GR 14010.
Aluminum hydrate can be added to the mix together with the catalyst for the polyester resin.
The structural member can have a composition in accordance with the following approximate ranges:
Percentage by Weight Waste wood 38% 65% Aluminum hydrate 25% 23% Polyester resin GR 1 17 or GR l40lO 35% 10% Dimethyl aniline 1% 1% Catalyst Benzyl peroxide powder 1% 1% mixed with When placed in a mold, a pressure of 300 to 800 p.s.i. can be applied for 15 to 30 minutes at 250F. to 300F. A density of 50 to lbs. per cu. ft. is obtained.
As a reinforcing means, slabs of wood also could be included in the mix. As an example, ties are normally 8 feet 6 inches to 9 feet 0 inch in length and are approximately 6 inches X 8 inches or 7 inches X 9 inches in cross section. The slabs can extend longitudinally in the member to within about 2 inches of each end, there being a single slab, more than one slab, or overlapping slabs.
It should be apparent that changes in details of construction and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention except as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A waste wood structural member composed of:
Percentage by Weight Benzyl peroxide powder mixed with 2. A waste wood structural member as claimed in claim 1 wherein the structural member is a railroad tie. 3. A waste wood structural member composed of:
Percentage by Weight Waste wood 50% Polyester resin. GR l 17 25% Aluminum hydrate, Alcoa 33] 23% Bcnzyl peroxide powder catalyst l% Dimethyl aniline catalyst 4. A waste wood structural member as claimed in claim 3 wherein the structural member is a railroad tie.

Claims (4)

1. A WASTE WOOD STRUCTURAL MEMBER COMPOSED OF:
2. A waste wood structural member as claimed in claim 1 wherein the structural member is a railroad tie.
3. A waste wood structural member composed of:
4. A waste wood structural member as claimed in claim 3 wherein the structural member is a railroad tie.
US410171A 1973-10-26 1973-10-26 Molded or extruded synthetic railroad ties, beams and structural members Expired - Lifetime US3908902A (en)

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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4105159A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-08-08 Brown Gordon Eldred Composite railroad tie
US4108377A (en) * 1975-06-20 1978-08-22 Edward Potter Non-metallic-reinforced molded crosstie
DE2826410A1 (en) * 1978-06-16 1979-12-20 Edward Potter And Dant & Russe Non-metal reinforced railway cross-tie - of densified wood particles bonded with plastics with high strength longitudinal wooden reinforcements
US4824627A (en) * 1985-11-18 1989-04-25 Floyd V. Hammer Method of making a molded plastic product
US5413745A (en) * 1989-11-21 1995-05-09 Andersson; Curt Method and apparatus for producing an elongated beam
WO1995013179A1 (en) * 1993-11-12 1995-05-18 Strandex Corporation Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same
US5916932A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-06-29 Rutgers, The State University Composite building materials from recyclable waste
WO2000021749A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Reconstituted Technologies, Inc. Molded railroad tie and method for making same
US6153293A (en) * 1999-02-04 2000-11-28 Dahl; Michael E. Extruded wood polymer composite and method of manufacture
US6171096B1 (en) 1998-02-13 2001-01-09 California Cedar Products Company Die for making extruded pencil blank
US6336265B1 (en) 1999-05-05 2002-01-08 Siegfried Niedermair Composite railroad cross tie and method of manufacturing same
WO2003011543A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-13 Joseph Alfred Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
US20040084799A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-06 Broker Sean Robert System and method for making extruded, composite material
US20040112975A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2004-06-17 Joseph Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
US20050087904A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2005-04-28 Bryan Robert J. Manufacture of extruded synthetic wood structural materials
US20050166535A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2005-08-04 Joseph Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
US6971211B1 (en) 1999-05-22 2005-12-06 Crane Plastics Company Llc Cellulosic/polymer composite material
US20050271872A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-08 Blair Dolinar Variegated composites and related methods of manufacture
US7017352B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2006-03-28 Crane Plastics Company Llc Cooling of extruded and compression molded materials
US7186457B1 (en) 2002-11-27 2007-03-06 Crane Plastics Company Llc Cellulosic composite component
US20070112572A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-17 Fail Keith W Method and apparatus for assisting vision impaired individuals with selecting items from a list
US20080286551A1 (en) * 2007-05-16 2008-11-20 Nova Chemicals Inc. Plastic-cellulosic composite articles
US20090130314A1 (en) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-21 Bauman Bernard D System for adhesion treatment, coating and curing of wood polymer composites
US20090181207A1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Nova Chemicals Inc. Method of making cellulosic filled thermoplastic composites of an anhydride containing copolymer
US20100153634A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Datadirect Networks, Inc. System and method for data migration between computer cluster architecture and data storage devices
US7743567B1 (en) 2006-01-20 2010-06-29 The Crane Group Companies Limited Fiberglass/cellulosic composite and method for molding
US8074339B1 (en) 2004-11-22 2011-12-13 The Crane Group Companies Limited Methods of manufacturing a lattice having a distressed appearance
US8167275B1 (en) 2005-11-30 2012-05-01 The Crane Group Companies Limited Rail system and method for assembly
US8460797B1 (en) 2006-12-29 2013-06-11 Timbertech Limited Capped component and method for forming
ES2504740A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2014-10-08 Universidad De Cantabria Use of phase change materials in thermoplastic polymers (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2017051310A1 (en) 2015-09-21 2017-03-30 Stora Enso Oyj A composite product and a process for producing said product
WO2018142314A1 (en) 2017-02-03 2018-08-09 Stora Enso Oyj A composite material and composite product

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US598127A (en) * 1898-02-01 Half to john j
US1623185A (en) * 1926-07-17 1927-04-05 James J Hinde Railway tie
US3463746A (en) * 1965-11-27 1969-08-26 Canadian Ind Particle board
US3598312A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-08-10 Portec Inc Synthetic crosstie

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US598127A (en) * 1898-02-01 Half to john j
US1623185A (en) * 1926-07-17 1927-04-05 James J Hinde Railway tie
US3463746A (en) * 1965-11-27 1969-08-26 Canadian Ind Particle board
US3598312A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-08-10 Portec Inc Synthetic crosstie

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108377A (en) * 1975-06-20 1978-08-22 Edward Potter Non-metallic-reinforced molded crosstie
US4150790A (en) * 1975-06-20 1979-04-24 Edward Potter Reinforced molded lignocellulosic crosstie and railway assembly
US4105159A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-08-08 Brown Gordon Eldred Composite railroad tie
DE2826410A1 (en) * 1978-06-16 1979-12-20 Edward Potter And Dant & Russe Non-metal reinforced railway cross-tie - of densified wood particles bonded with plastics with high strength longitudinal wooden reinforcements
US4824627A (en) * 1985-11-18 1989-04-25 Floyd V. Hammer Method of making a molded plastic product
US5413745A (en) * 1989-11-21 1995-05-09 Andersson; Curt Method and apparatus for producing an elongated beam
CN1062803C (en) * 1993-11-12 2001-03-07 斯坦德埃克公司 Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same
US5516472A (en) * 1993-11-12 1996-05-14 Strandex Corporation Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same
WO1995013179A1 (en) * 1993-11-12 1995-05-18 Strandex Corporation Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same
US5916932A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-06-29 Rutgers, The State University Composite building materials from recyclable waste
US6171096B1 (en) 1998-02-13 2001-01-09 California Cedar Products Company Die for making extruded pencil blank
WO2000021749A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Reconstituted Technologies, Inc. Molded railroad tie and method for making same
US6153293A (en) * 1999-02-04 2000-11-28 Dahl; Michael E. Extruded wood polymer composite and method of manufacture
US6336265B1 (en) 1999-05-05 2002-01-08 Siegfried Niedermair Composite railroad cross tie and method of manufacturing same
US6971211B1 (en) 1999-05-22 2005-12-06 Crane Plastics Company Llc Cellulosic/polymer composite material
US7017352B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2006-03-28 Crane Plastics Company Llc Cooling of extruded and compression molded materials
US20040112975A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2004-06-17 Joseph Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
WO2003011543A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-13 Joseph Alfred Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
US20050166535A1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2005-08-04 Joseph Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
US7172136B2 (en) * 2001-07-30 2007-02-06 Joseph Leon Structural members fabricated from waste materials and method of making the same
US20040084799A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-06 Broker Sean Robert System and method for making extruded, composite material
US7449229B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2008-11-11 Jeld-Wen, Inc. System and method for making extruded, composite material
US7186457B1 (en) 2002-11-27 2007-03-06 Crane Plastics Company Llc Cellulosic composite component
US20050087904A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2005-04-28 Bryan Robert J. Manufacture of extruded synthetic wood structural materials
US20050271872A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-08 Blair Dolinar Variegated composites and related methods of manufacture
US7410687B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2008-08-12 Trex Co Inc Variegated composites and related methods of manufacture
US8074339B1 (en) 2004-11-22 2011-12-13 The Crane Group Companies Limited Methods of manufacturing a lattice having a distressed appearance
US20070112572A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-17 Fail Keith W Method and apparatus for assisting vision impaired individuals with selecting items from a list
USD782697S1 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-03-28 Cpg International Llc Rail
US10358841B2 (en) 2005-11-30 2019-07-23 Cpg International Llc Rail system and method for assembly
US9822547B2 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-11-21 Cpg International Llc Rail system and method for assembly
USD782698S1 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-03-28 Cpg International Llc Rail
US8167275B1 (en) 2005-11-30 2012-05-01 The Crane Group Companies Limited Rail system and method for assembly
USD797953S1 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-09-19 Cpg International Llc Rail assembly
USD797307S1 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-09-12 Cpg International Llc Rail assembly
USD788329S1 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-05-30 Cpg International Llc Post cover
USD787707S1 (en) 2005-11-30 2017-05-23 Cpg International Llc Rail
US7743567B1 (en) 2006-01-20 2010-06-29 The Crane Group Companies Limited Fiberglass/cellulosic composite and method for molding
US8460797B1 (en) 2006-12-29 2013-06-11 Timbertech Limited Capped component and method for forming
US20080286551A1 (en) * 2007-05-16 2008-11-20 Nova Chemicals Inc. Plastic-cellulosic composite articles
US20090130314A1 (en) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-21 Bauman Bernard D System for adhesion treatment, coating and curing of wood polymer composites
US20090181207A1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 Nova Chemicals Inc. Method of making cellulosic filled thermoplastic composites of an anhydride containing copolymer
US8221663B2 (en) 2008-01-11 2012-07-17 Nova Chemicals Inc. Method of making cellulosic filled thermoplastic composites of an anhydride containing copolymer
US20100153634A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Datadirect Networks, Inc. System and method for data migration between computer cluster architecture and data storage devices
WO2015181408A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Universidad De Cantabria Use of phase-change materials in thermoplastic polymers
ES2504740A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2014-10-08 Universidad De Cantabria Use of phase change materials in thermoplastic polymers (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2017051310A1 (en) 2015-09-21 2017-03-30 Stora Enso Oyj A composite product and a process for producing said product
WO2018142314A1 (en) 2017-02-03 2018-08-09 Stora Enso Oyj A composite material and composite product
US11034838B2 (en) 2017-02-03 2021-06-15 Stora Enso Oyj Composite material and composite product

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