US3924639A - Cardiac pacer lead system for interim pacing during pacer changeover - Google Patents
Cardiac pacer lead system for interim pacing during pacer changeover Download PDFInfo
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- US3924639A US3924639A US489187A US48918774A US3924639A US 3924639 A US3924639 A US 3924639A US 489187 A US489187 A US 489187A US 48918774 A US48918774 A US 48918774A US 3924639 A US3924639 A US 3924639A
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- lead
- pacer
- conductive
- pacing
- interim
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0587—Epicardial electrode systems; Endocardial electrodes piercing the pericardium
Definitions
- This invention relates to cardiac pacing and more particularly to a cardiac pacer lead system permitting cardiac pacing tobe maintained essentially continuously during pacer replacement, especially with unipolar p'acers.
- the pacer unit itself is typically implanted in a location remote from the patients heart. The location is selected so that access to the pacer itself can be obtained by means of a relatively simple surgical procedure as compared with that required when the pacer and stimulating electrode are initially installed or placed. 7
- the battery powered pacer unit is typically connected to the lead and electrode assembly by means of some sort of separable connector so that, after a preselected interval or upon the occurrence of some change indicating battery failure, the pacer circuit itself can be replaced while retaining the originally installed electrode and lead assembly. While such'an'arrangement facilitates the replacement of the pacer unit, some problems have still remained with respect to the patients who require essentially continuous pacing. If pacing is not maintained while the substitute pacer is installed, the attending physician will be under considerable pressure to work quickly. Thus, a danger exists that the connector might not be properly assembled or seale df due 'to the haste required.
- the need for the essentially continuous presence of the pacemaker circuit may render it difficult to test stimulation thresholds or pacer sensitivity in the case of standby pacing.
- a temporary system had to be installed consisting of a pervenous lead and an external pacemaker to provide'stimuli to the heart during the replacement of a permanent pacemaker. This method is employed for those patients who are suspected to suffer from standstill of the heart when stimulation is disrupted.
- a cardiac pacer lead system which facilitates pacer replacement by permitting connection to the cardiac electrode of a-second pacer or monitor unit before the pacer being replaced is disconnected; the provision of such a lead system which permits threshold and sensitivity testing, either with an implantable pacer unit in place or removed; the provision of such a lead system which does not reduce lead reliability; the provision of such a lead system which is readily and easily used to provide interim pacing; and the provision of such a lead system which is of relatively simple and inexpensive construction.
- a lead system in accordance with the present invention is adapted for use with an implantable cardiac pacer having a terminal through which signals are coupled for pacing the heart of a patient.
- a flexible electrical lead is employed which has an insulating sheath over a majority of its length.
- an electrode is provided which is adapted to contact cardiac tissue for applying stimulating pulses thereto.
- a connector adapted to engage the pacer terminal.
- a mass of conductive rubbery material which material is electrically interconnected with the lead.
- An insulating jacket of a nonconductive rubbery material extends over the conductive mass from the lead sheath.
- the jacket is shaped to engage the case of the pacer and form a seal around the contact between the connector and the pacer terminal. .As the conductive mass can be electrically contacted by a needle-like element inserted through the insulating jacket, interim pacing is facilitated during replacement of the pacer.
- FIG. 1 is a side view, with parts broken away, of a lead system in accordance with the present invention, showing the connection of the lead system with a cardiac pacemaker;
- FIG. 2 is a view, taken on the line2-2 of FIG. 1, showing the cross-section of the proximal end of the lead system and showing also the method of connecting to the lead for interim pacing.
- FIG. 1 a conventional cardiac pacemaker.
- a conventional cardiac pacemaker incorporates suitable timing circuits and batteries for energizing of those circuits for an appropriate length of time, e.g. several years.
- pacing can be accomplished with a single electrical lead extending to the patients heart, a metallic portion of the pacemaker case serving as a remote ground or reference potential.
- the invention can also be applied advantageously to bipolar pacing.
- Stimulating pulses generated by the pacer 11 are applied to the patients heart through a suitable electrode l3.'ln the embodiment illustrated, electrode 13 is of the type which is adapted to be surgically attached to the outside of the patients heart, i.e. a so-called epicardial electrode. As indicated previously, an alternative method of applying stimulating pulses is through a pervenous electrode, i.e. an electrode which is inserted through a vein and which is caused to be lodged in one of the chambers of the patients heart. Electrode 13 is coupled with the pacer 11 by means of a flexible insulated electrical lead comprising a coiled wire 15 residing within a tubular insulating sheath 17 of silicone rubber.
- a jack 21 constitutes the output terminal of the pacer l1 and at the proximal end of the lead, the helical conductor 15 is attached to a connector pin 19 which is adapted to establish electrical contact with the jack.
- a plug of a conductive silicone rubber is cast around the helical conductor 15 essentially at the point of its juncture with the connector pin 19.
- the conductive silicone rubber is in direct intimate contact with the turns of the coiled wire so that good electrical contact is established.
- the end of the plug is shaped so as to receive the end of the tubular lead sheath 17, as illustrated I
- a jacket 27 of an insulating silicone rubber or plastic substancep Preferably, the jacket '27 extends over and is sealed to the tubular sheath l7 and, at the opposite end, extends partially over the connector pin 19.
- the portion of the jacket 27 around the pin '19 is preferably shaped, as illustrated," so as to contact and effect a seal with the case of the pacer ll.
- the lead system described above facilitates interim cardiac pacing during pacer replacement by permitting an alternative connection to be established to the cardiac electrode 13, using a needle-like element to engage the conductive silicone rubber plug'25. Preferably, this is done utilizing a tool 30"which acts as a templet, guiding the needle-like piercingelement as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the interim contact device comprises a'yoke-like member 31,' the lower portion'of which isbifurcated so as to straddle the connector portion of the lead system.
- a needle-like element 33 extends from the member 31' into the hollow of the yoke-like portion, so as to piercethe sheath 27 and the plug 25 when the member 31 is placed over the connector portion of the lead assembly.
- the needle like member 33 is preferably'mounted off center, as illustrated in FIG. 2, so that it does not directly contact the coiled wire 25, thereby avoiding any damage to the wire. However, by passing into the conductive plug 25 as illustrated, the needle-like element 33 establishes an electrical connection to the pacing electrode 13.
- a terminal 35 extending from the tool. 30 is provided for connection to external pacing apparatus, e.g. through a suitable clip or connector (not shown).As will be understood by those skilled in the art, external pacers of various types are known, being commonly used for temporary pacing following cardiac surgery and'the like.
- both pacers can operate simultaneously, eithe r pacer responding to naturally occurring heartbeats.
- the first to generate a stimulating pulse will be detected by the other and control its operation.
- the external pacer is appropriately left turned off until the connector is separated, at which time-the external pacer can be turned on without delay since the connection to the stimulating electrode can be pre-established.
- an insulating sheath over said lead, for a, majority of its length, an insulating sheath; I i I at one end of said lead, an electrode adapted to contactv cardiac tissue for applying stimulating pulses thereto;
- a connector adapted to engage said pacer terminal for coupling stimulating signals generated said pacer to said electrode; in the region of the juncture of said lead and said connector, a mass of conductive, rubbery material electrically interconnected with said lead;
- auxiliary. connection means including a needle-like conductiveelement insertable through said jacket to establish electrical contact with said conductive rubbery mass to permit interim pacing of a patients heart during replacement of a pacer; and 1 guide means fordirecting said needle-like element into said conductive rubbery mass without directly contactingsaid lead.
Abstract
In the cardiac pacer lead assembly disclosed herein, a mass of a conductive silastic is cast about the flexible metallic lead, adjacent its connection with the pacer. A jacket of insulating silastic is cast over the conductive silastic and this jacket extends to the usual insulating sheath covering the flexible lead. By inserting a needle-like element through the insulating jacket and into the conductive silastic, a physician can establish a connection for interim pacing, i.e. when the lead is disconnected from a pacer being replaced and the replacement is not yet connected.
Description
United States Patent [191 Hess Dec. 9, 1975 CARDIAC PACER LEAD SYSTEM FOR INTERIM PACING DURING PACER CI-IANGEOVER Stanley R. Hess, Miami, Fla.
Cordis Corporation, Miami, Fla.
July 17, 1974 Inventor:
Assignee:
Filed:
Appl. No.:
US. Cl. 128/418; 128/419 P; 339/DIG. 3 Int. Cl. A6lN 1/04 Field of Search 128/418, 419 P, 419 PS,
128/419 C, 419 E, 404; 339/DIG. 3
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1965 Chardack 128/418 9/1967 Ruete 339/DIG. 3 6/1973 Bolduc 128/419 P FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS Germany 128/419 P I'IIIIIZ. \w y 1,469,132 l/l967 France 128/419 PS Primary ExaminerRichard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner-Lee S. Cohen Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kenway & Jenney ABSTRACT 5 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures U.S. Patent Dec. 9, 1975 3,924,639
FIG.2
I BACKGROUND or THE INVENTION This invention relates to cardiac pacing and more particularly to a cardiac pacer lead system permitting cardiac pacing tobe maintained essentially continuously during pacer replacement, especially with unipolar p'acers.
While research continues to go forward on developing batteries and other power sources which will provide longer life in a cardiacpacemaker; present practice in most cases is to plan and provide for periodic replacement of the pacemaker unit with its integral batteries. For this reason, among others, the pacer unit itself is typically implanted in a location remote from the patients heart. The location is selected so that access to the pacer itself can be obtained by means of a relatively simple surgical procedure as compared with that required when the pacer and stimulating electrode are initially installed or placed. 7
The battery powered pacer unit is typically connected to the lead and electrode assembly by means of some sort of separable connector so that, after a preselected interval or upon the occurrence of some change indicating battery failure, the pacer circuit itself can be replaced while retaining the originally installed electrode and lead assembly. While such'an'arrangement facilitates the replacement of the pacer unit, some problems have still remained with respect to the patients who require essentially continuous pacing. If pacing is not maintained while the substitute pacer is installed, the attending physician will be under considerable pressure to work quickly. Thus, a danger exists that the connector might not be properly assembled or seale df due 'to the haste required. Likewise, the need for the essentially continuous presence of the pacemaker circuit may render it difficult to test stimulation thresholds or pacer sensitivity in the case of standby pacing. In the past, in certain cases a temporary system had to be installed consisting of a pervenous lead and an external pacemaker to provide'stimuli to the heart during the replacement of a permanent pacemaker. This method is employed for those patients who are suspected to suffer from standstill of the heart when stimulation is disrupted.
Among the several objects of the present invention may be noted the provision of a cardiac pacer lead system which facilitates pacer replacement by permitting connection to the cardiac electrode of a-second pacer or monitor unit before the pacer being replaced is disconnected; the provision of such a lead system which permits threshold and sensitivity testing, either with an implantable pacer unit in place or removed; the provision of such a lead system which does not reduce lead reliability; the provision of such a lead system which is readily and easily used to provide interim pacing; and the provision of such a lead system which is of relatively simple and inexpensive construction. Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly, a lead system in accordance with the present invention is adapted for use with an implantable cardiac pacer having a terminal through which signals are coupled for pacing the heart of a patient. A flexible electrical lead is employed which has an insulating sheath over a majority of its length. At one end of the lead, an electrode is provided which is adapted to contact cardiac tissue for applying stimulating pulses thereto. At the other end of the lead, there is provided a connector adapted to engage the pacer terminal. Typically, at a point close to the juncture of the connector and the lead, there is provided a mass of conductive rubbery material, which material is electrically interconnected with the lead. An insulating jacket of a nonconductive rubbery material extends over the conductive mass from the lead sheath. The jacket is shaped to engage the case of the pacer and form a seal around the contact between the connector and the pacer terminal. .As the conductive mass can be electrically contacted by a needle-like element inserted through the insulating jacket, interim pacing is facilitated during replacement of the pacer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a side view, with parts broken away, of a lead system in accordance with the present invention, showing the connection of the lead system with a cardiac pacemaker; and
FIG. 2 is a view, taken on the line2-2 of FIG. 1, showing the cross-section of the proximal end of the lead system and showing also the method of connecting to the lead for interim pacing.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
- DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIG. 1,there is indicated at 11 generally a conventional cardiac pacemaker. As is understood, such a device incorporates suitable timing circuits and batteries for energizing of those circuits for an appropriate length of time, e.g. several years. In both standby and continuous pacing systems, pacing can be accomplished with a single electrical lead extending to the patients heart, a metallic portion of the pacemaker case serving as a remote ground or reference potential. However, it should be understood that the invention can also be applied advantageously to bipolar pacing.
Stimulating pulses generated by the pacer 11 are applied to the patients heart through a suitable electrode l3.'ln the embodiment illustrated, electrode 13 is of the type which is adapted to be surgically attached to the outside of the patients heart, i.e. a so-called epicardial electrode. As indicated previously, an alternative method of applying stimulating pulses is through a pervenous electrode, i.e. an electrode which is inserted through a vein and which is caused to be lodged in one of the chambers of the patients heart. Electrode 13 is coupled with the pacer 11 by means of a flexible insulated electrical lead comprising a coiled wire 15 residing within a tubular insulating sheath 17 of silicone rubber.
A jack 21 constitutes the output terminal of the pacer l1 and at the proximal end of the lead, the helical conductor 15 is attached to a connector pin 19 which is adapted to establish electrical contact with the jack. In accordance with the practice of the present invention, a plug of a conductive silicone rubber is cast around the helical conductor 15 essentially at the point of its juncture with the connector pin 19. Preferably, the conductive silicone rubber is in direct intimate contact with the turns of the coiled wire so that good electrical contact is established. Preferably, the end of the plug is shaped so as to receive the end of the tubular lead sheath 17, as illustrated I Over the conductive closure 25 is case a jacket 27 of an insulating silicone rubber or plastic substancepPreferably, the jacket '27 extends over and is sealed to the tubular sheath l7 and, at the opposite end, extends partially over the connector pin 19. The portion of the jacket 27 around the pin '19 is preferably shaped, as illustrated," so as to contact and effect a seal with the case of the pacer ll. I
The lead system described above facilitates interim cardiac pacing during pacer replacement by permitting an alternative connection to be established to the cardiac electrode 13, usinga needle-like element to engage the conductive silicone rubber plug'25. Preferably, this is done utilizing a tool 30"which acts as a templet, guiding the needle-like piercingelement as illustrated in FIG. 2. Referring now to FIG. 2, the interim contact device comprises a'yoke-like member 31,' the lower portion'of which isbifurcated so as to straddle the connector portion of the lead system. A needle-like element 33 extends from the member 31' into the hollow of the yoke-like portion, so as to piercethe sheath 27 and the plug 25 when the member 31 is placed over the connector portion of the lead assembly. The needle like member 33 is preferably'mounted off center, as illustrated in FIG. 2, so that it does not directly contact the coiled wire 25, thereby avoiding any damage to the wire. However, by passing into the conductive plug 25 as illustrated, the needle-like element 33 establishes an electrical connection to the pacing electrode 13. A terminal 35 extending from the tool. 30 is provided for connection to external pacing apparatus, e.g. through a suitable clip or connector (not shown).As will be understood by those skilled in the art, external pacers of various types are known, being commonly used for temporary pacing following cardiac surgery and'the like. If the pacer being replaced is a standby type, the externalpacer'can be operated either inthe standby mode or at a fixed rate higher than the natural heartbeat or rhythm of the patient. In the standbyv mode, both pacers can operate simultaneously, eithe r pacer responding to naturally occurring heartbeats. In the absence of a natural heartbeat,;the first to generate a stimulating pulse will be detected by the other and control its operation. In the case of a pacer which operates continuously, the external pacer is appropriately left turned off until the connector is separated, at which time-the external pacer can be turned on without delay since the connection to the stimulating electrode can be pre-established. It can thus be seen that, in either case, substitution-of pacemakers is greatly facilitated since a connection for interim pacing can be established before disconnecting the original pacer and interim pacing can be provided by an-external device while the installation of the replacement pacer proceeds on'a deliberate and un-hurried'basis.
In view of the foregoing, it may be seen that several objects of the present invention are achieved and other advantageous results have been attained.
' As various-changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, itshould be understood that all matter contained intheabove descriptionor shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative'and not in a limiting sense. I
What is claimedis: I
l. A pacer interconnection and lead tates interim pacingof a patients heart during pacer replacement, the pacer havinga connector terminal through which signals are coupled for pacing the heart of a patient, said pacer interconnection and lead system comprising: i
a flexible, electrical lead; 7
over said lead, for a, majority of its length, an insulating sheath; I i I at one end of said lead, an electrode adapted to contactv cardiac tissue for applying stimulating pulses thereto;
at the other end of said lead, a connector adapted to engage said pacer terminal for coupling stimulating signals generated said pacer to said electrode; in the region of the juncture of said lead and said connector, a mass of conductive, rubbery material electrically interconnected with said lead;
an insulating rubberyv jacket extending over said conductive mass from said insulating sheath; auxiliary. connection means including a needle-like conductiveelement insertable through said jacket to establish electrical contact with said conductive rubbery mass to permit interim pacing of a patients heart during replacement of a pacer; and 1 guide means fordirecting said needle-like element into said conductive rubbery mass without directly contactingsaid lead. 2. A lead system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the lead ishelically coiled. v
3. A lead system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said sheath is tubularand loosely encloses said helically coiled lead.
4. A lead systems as set forth in claim 1 wherein said conductive material is a conductive silicone rubber. I ,5. A lead system asset forth in claim 4 wherein said jacket is an insulating silicone rubber.
system for use; with an implantable cardiac pacer, which system facili-
Claims (5)
1. A pacer interconnection and lead system for use with an implantable cardiac pacer, which system facilitates interim pacing of a patient''s heart during pacer replacement, the pacer having a connector terminal through which signals are coupled for pacing the heart of a patient, said pacer interconnection and lead system comprising: a flexible, electrical lead; over said lead, for a majority of its length, an insulating sheath; at one end of said lead, an electrode adapted to contact cardiac tissue for applying stimulating pulses thereto; at the other end of said lead, a connector adapted to engage said pacer terminal for coupling stimulating signals generated by said pacer to said electrode; in the region of the juncture of said lead and said connector, a mass of conductive, rubbery material electrically interconnected with said lead; an insulating rubbery jacket extending over said conductive mass from said insulating sheath; auxiliary connection means including a needle-like conductive element insertable through said jacket to establish electrical contact with said conductive rubbery mass to permit interim pacing of a patient''s heart during replacement of a pacer; and guide means for directing said needle-like element into said conductive rubbery mass without directly contacting said lead.
2. A lead system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the lead is helically coiled.
3. A lead system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said sheath is tubular and loosely encloses said helically coiled lead.
4. A lead systems as set forth in claim 1 wherein said conductive material is a conductive silicone rubber.
5. A lead system as set forth in claim 4 wherein said jacket is an insulating silicone rubber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US489187A US3924639A (en) | 1974-07-17 | 1974-07-17 | Cardiac pacer lead system for interim pacing during pacer changeover |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US489187A US3924639A (en) | 1974-07-17 | 1974-07-17 | Cardiac pacer lead system for interim pacing during pacer changeover |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| US3924639A true US3924639A (en) | 1975-12-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US489187A Expired - Lifetime US3924639A (en) | 1974-07-17 | 1974-07-17 | Cardiac pacer lead system for interim pacing during pacer changeover |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4033355A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-07-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Electrode lead assembly for implantable devices and method of preparing same |
| US4044774A (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1977-08-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Percutaneously inserted spinal cord stimulation lead |
| US4072154A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1978-02-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Sealing arrangement for heart pacer electrode leads |
| US4198991A (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1980-04-22 | Cordis Corporation | Cardiac pacer lead |
| US4220386A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1980-09-02 | Needle Industries Limited | Plug and socket connectors |
| US4230127A (en) * | 1978-05-24 | 1980-10-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Cardiac monitoring apparatus |
| US4248237A (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1981-02-03 | Needle Industries Limited | Cardiac pacemakers |
| US4369794A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1983-01-25 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Probe with electrocardiographic monitoring |
| US4469104A (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1984-09-04 | Cordis Corporation | Multipolar connector for pacing lead |
| US4690155A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-09-01 | Cordis Corporation | Monophasic action potential recording lead |
| US5111830A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1992-05-12 | Marc Bemurat | Pacemaker lead with auxiliary stimulation pole |
| AU660515B2 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-06-29 | Marc Bemurat | Stimulation lead specially cardiac with auxiliary connection |
| US5480419A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1996-01-02 | Bemurat; Marc F. | Stimulation lead specially cardiac with auxiliary connection |
| US20040215300A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2004-10-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrical medical leads employing conductive aerogel |
| US20050043651A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2005-02-24 | Medinnova Vs | Use of sensor and system for monitoring heart movements |
| US20060009828A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2006-01-12 | Marc Bemurat | Bipolar cardiac pacing wire with auxiliary pole |
| US20120045918A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2012-02-23 | Pierre-Yves Litzler | Subcutaneous device for electrical percutaneous connection |
| US8639353B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2014-01-28 | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Rouen | Electrical connection device implantable in the human body |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3216424A (en) * | 1962-02-05 | 1965-11-09 | William M Chardack | Electrode and lead |
| US3344391A (en) * | 1964-02-14 | 1967-09-26 | Elastic Stop Nut Corp | Waterproof electrical connections |
| US3737579A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1973-06-05 | Medtronic Inc | Body tissue electrode and device for screwing the electrode into body tissue |
-
1974
- 1974-07-17 US US489187A patent/US3924639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3216424A (en) * | 1962-02-05 | 1965-11-09 | William M Chardack | Electrode and lead |
| US3344391A (en) * | 1964-02-14 | 1967-09-26 | Elastic Stop Nut Corp | Waterproof electrical connections |
| US3737579A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1973-06-05 | Medtronic Inc | Body tissue electrode and device for screwing the electrode into body tissue |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4033355A (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-07-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Electrode lead assembly for implantable devices and method of preparing same |
| US4044774A (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1977-08-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Percutaneously inserted spinal cord stimulation lead |
| US4072154A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1978-02-07 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Sealing arrangement for heart pacer electrode leads |
| US4220386A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1980-09-02 | Needle Industries Limited | Plug and socket connectors |
| US4262982A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1981-04-21 | Needle Industries Ltd. | Electrical socket useful for connecting an electrode catheter to a cardiac pacemaker casing |
| US4248237A (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1981-02-03 | Needle Industries Limited | Cardiac pacemakers |
| US4198991A (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1980-04-22 | Cordis Corporation | Cardiac pacer lead |
| US4230127A (en) * | 1978-05-24 | 1980-10-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Cardiac monitoring apparatus |
| US4369794A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1983-01-25 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Probe with electrocardiographic monitoring |
| US4469104A (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1984-09-04 | Cordis Corporation | Multipolar connector for pacing lead |
| US4690155A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-09-01 | Cordis Corporation | Monophasic action potential recording lead |
| US5111830A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1992-05-12 | Marc Bemurat | Pacemaker lead with auxiliary stimulation pole |
| AU660515B2 (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-06-29 | Marc Bemurat | Stimulation lead specially cardiac with auxiliary connection |
| US5480419A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1996-01-02 | Bemurat; Marc F. | Stimulation lead specially cardiac with auxiliary connection |
| US20050043651A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2005-02-24 | Medinnova Vs | Use of sensor and system for monitoring heart movements |
| US20040215300A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2004-10-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrical medical leads employing conductive aerogel |
| US7065411B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2006-06-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrical medical leads employing conductive aerogel |
| US20060009828A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2006-01-12 | Marc Bemurat | Bipolar cardiac pacing wire with auxiliary pole |
| US20120045918A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2012-02-23 | Pierre-Yves Litzler | Subcutaneous device for electrical percutaneous connection |
| US8545255B2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2013-10-01 | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Rouen | Subcutaneous device for electrical percutaneous connection |
| US8639353B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2014-01-28 | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Rouen | Electrical connection device implantable in the human body |
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