US3928227A - Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions - Google Patents

Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3928227A
US3928227A US334068A US33406873A US3928227A US 3928227 A US3928227 A US 3928227A US 334068 A US334068 A US 334068A US 33406873 A US33406873 A US 33406873A US 3928227 A US3928227 A US 3928227A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
scintillation
surfactant
medium
solute
combination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US334068A
Inventor
Edwin A Sena
Bert M Tolbert
Chester L Sutula
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SENTOL ASSOCIATES
Original Assignee
SENTOL ASSOCIATES
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SENTOL ASSOCIATES filed Critical SENTOL ASSOCIATES
Priority to US334068A priority Critical patent/US3928227A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3928227A publication Critical patent/US3928227A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
    • G01T1/204—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a liquid
    • G01T1/2042—Composition for liquid scintillation systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials

Abstract

The emissions of radioactive isotopes in both aqueous and organic samples can be measured by liquid scintillation counting in micellar systems. The micellar systems are made up of scintillation solvent, scintillation solute and a mixture of surfactants, preferably at least one of which is relatively oilsoluble water-insoluble and another which is relatively watersoluble oil-insoluble.

Claims (10)

1. IN A PROCESS FOR COUNTING IN LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING DEVICES USING LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING MEDIUM CONTAINING SURFACTANT; THE STEP COMPRISING FORMING THE MEDIUM BY ADMIXING AN AMOUNT OF AT LEAST ONE OF SCINTILLATION SOLVENT AND SCINTILLATION SOLUTE SUFFICIENT O ABSORB EMISSION FROM ISOTOPES AND RADIATE THE ABSORBED ENERGY AT DEVICE-DETECTABLE LEVELS WITH AN AMOUNT OF A PLURALITY OF DIFFERENT SURFACTANTS SUFFICIENT TO IMPART THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY TO THE RESULTING MEDIUM ON ADDITION OF SAMPLE AND DURING WHICH COUNTING REACTS TO PROVIDE ESSENTIALLY NO FLUORESCENCE, CHEMILUMINESCENCE OR PHOSPHORESCENCE, THE PLURALITY OF SURFACTANTS BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A. A COMBINATION OF PREFERENTIALLY OIL-SURFACTANT; AND PREFERENTIALLY WATER-SOLUBLE SURFACTANT; FACTANT; C. A COMBINATION OF CATIONIC AND NONIONIC SURFACTANT; AND D. A COMBINATION OF SURFACTANT WHICH ACTS AS A DISPERSANT AND SURFACTANT WHICH ACTS AS A SURFACE-TENSION REDUCING AGENT;
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the micellar system includes a cosurfactant.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein a scintillation solvent sufficient to dissolve any undissolved scintillation solute is admixed with the micellar system and scintillation solute.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein a secondary scintillation solute is admixed with the micellar system and scintillation solute.
5. A micellar liquid scintillation counting composition comprising scintillation solute in small amounts effective to provide countable scintillation in the composition on addition of radioactive sample to the composition, scintillation solvent in amounts effective to permit interaction between the scintillation solute and emissions from the radioactive sample on addition of radioactive sample to the composition, and a plurality of surfactants selected from the group consisting of a. a combination of preferentially oil-soluble surfactant and preferentially water-soluble surfactant; b. a combination of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant; c. a combination of cationic and nonionic surfactant; and d. a combination of surfactant which acts as a dispersant and surfactant which acts as a surface-tension reducing agent the surfactants being present in an amount in excess of that amount required to render the mixture thermodynamically stable and to reduce the vapor pressure of the dispersed phase liquid, the surfactants, scintillation solute, and scintillation solvent being substantially inert with regard to chemical reactivity or energy transfer which results in chemiluminescence, fluorescence, or phosphorescence.
6. The medium of claim 5 wherein the medium contains cosurfactant.
7. The medium of claim 5 comprising a higher molecular weight fatty acid, relatively water-insoluble alcohol, relatively water-soluble lower molecular weight alcohol and n-isoalkyl phenol polyethoxyethanol.
8. The medium of claim 5 comprising about 25% higher molecular weight fatty acid, about 25% n-hexanol, about 15% isopropanol, about 22% isooctylphenol-polyethoxyethanol, and aqueous NaOH to volume at a pH of about 7.
9. the medium of claim 5 comprising about 29% higher molecular weight fatty acid, about 28% n-hexanol, about 18% isopropanol, and about 25% isooctylphenol-polyethoxyethanol.
10. The medium of claim 5 comprising about 38% sodium dihexyl-sulfosuccinate, about 5% isopropanol, about 52-53% isooctylphenol-phenoxy polyethoxyethanol, and 4.8% water.
US334068A 1967-02-01 1973-02-20 Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions Expired - Lifetime US3928227A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US334068A US3928227A (en) 1967-02-01 1973-02-20 Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61310967A 1967-02-01 1967-02-01
US334068A US3928227A (en) 1967-02-01 1973-02-20 Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3928227A true US3928227A (en) 1975-12-23

Family

ID=26989035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US334068A Expired - Lifetime US3928227A (en) 1967-02-01 1973-02-20 Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3928227A (en)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4242222A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-12-30 The Upjohn Company Radioenzymatic assay of catecholamines
FR2479478A1 (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-02 New England Nuclear Corp LIQUID ORGANIC LIQUID SCINTILLATOR IN POLYMERIZABLE EMULSION, ITS APPLICATIONS TO THE RADIO-ACTIVE COUNTING AND METHOD FOR DESTROYING IT
US4293436A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-10-06 New England Nuclear Corporation Autofluorogram and composition and method for making the same
US4359641A (en) * 1981-06-01 1982-11-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Liquid scintillators for optical fiber applications
US4361765A (en) * 1981-06-01 1982-11-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Ternary liquid scintillator for optical fiber applications
EP0106085A1 (en) * 1982-09-16 1984-04-25 Allied Corporation Liquid scintillation composition for low volume biological specimens
EP0114941A1 (en) * 1982-11-29 1984-08-08 Allied Corporation General purpose liquid scintillation composition
US4522742A (en) * 1982-02-25 1985-06-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Inc. Water soluble fluor compositions
US4562158A (en) * 1981-07-27 1985-12-31 Eastern Virginia Medical Authority Solid phase scintillation counting method
US4624799A (en) * 1983-09-16 1986-11-25 Packard Instrument B.V. Mixture for use in the LSC (liquid scintillation counting) analysis technique
US4645618A (en) * 1982-02-25 1987-02-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Water soluble floors
US4867905A (en) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-19 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Composition for liquid scintillation counting
US4916320A (en) * 1987-08-24 1990-04-10 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample counting support with solid scintillator for use in scintillation counting
US5206149A (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-04-27 Toray Industries, Inc. Method of high sensitivity luminescence analysis
US5496502A (en) * 1992-06-22 1996-03-05 Packard Instrument, B.V. Adhesive plastic scintillator
US5512753A (en) * 1994-06-08 1996-04-30 Packard Instrument, B.V. Scintillation counting system using scintillator capsules
EP1407294A2 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-04-14 University of Kentucky Research Foundation Nanoscintillation systems for aqueous-based liquid scintillation counting

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2953530A (en) * 1955-10-12 1960-09-20 Switzer Brothers Inc Method and compositions for detecting flaws
US3282843A (en) * 1966-01-14 1966-11-01 James R Alburger Emulsifier compositions
US3307628A (en) * 1966-04-06 1967-03-07 Marathon Oil Co Process for secondary recovery of petroleum using stabilized microemulsions
US3311479A (en) * 1965-10-04 1967-03-28 James R Alburger Penetrant inspection process and compositions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2953530A (en) * 1955-10-12 1960-09-20 Switzer Brothers Inc Method and compositions for detecting flaws
US3311479A (en) * 1965-10-04 1967-03-28 James R Alburger Penetrant inspection process and compositions
US3282843A (en) * 1966-01-14 1966-11-01 James R Alburger Emulsifier compositions
US3307628A (en) * 1966-04-06 1967-03-07 Marathon Oil Co Process for secondary recovery of petroleum using stabilized microemulsions

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4242222A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-12-30 The Upjohn Company Radioenzymatic assay of catecholamines
US4293436A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-10-06 New England Nuclear Corporation Autofluorogram and composition and method for making the same
FR2479478A1 (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-02 New England Nuclear Corp LIQUID ORGANIC LIQUID SCINTILLATOR IN POLYMERIZABLE EMULSION, ITS APPLICATIONS TO THE RADIO-ACTIVE COUNTING AND METHOD FOR DESTROYING IT
US4358401A (en) * 1980-03-31 1982-11-09 New England Nuclear Corporation Liquid emulsion scintillators which solidify for facile disposal
US4359641A (en) * 1981-06-01 1982-11-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Liquid scintillators for optical fiber applications
US4361765A (en) * 1981-06-01 1982-11-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Ternary liquid scintillator for optical fiber applications
US4562158A (en) * 1981-07-27 1985-12-31 Eastern Virginia Medical Authority Solid phase scintillation counting method
US4645618A (en) * 1982-02-25 1987-02-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Water soluble floors
US4522742A (en) * 1982-02-25 1985-06-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Inc. Water soluble fluor compositions
EP0106085A1 (en) * 1982-09-16 1984-04-25 Allied Corporation Liquid scintillation composition for low volume biological specimens
EP0114941A1 (en) * 1982-11-29 1984-08-08 Allied Corporation General purpose liquid scintillation composition
US4624799A (en) * 1983-09-16 1986-11-25 Packard Instrument B.V. Mixture for use in the LSC (liquid scintillation counting) analysis technique
US4916320A (en) * 1987-08-24 1990-04-10 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample counting support with solid scintillator for use in scintillation counting
US4867905A (en) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-19 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Composition for liquid scintillation counting
US5206149A (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-04-27 Toray Industries, Inc. Method of high sensitivity luminescence analysis
US5496502A (en) * 1992-06-22 1996-03-05 Packard Instrument, B.V. Adhesive plastic scintillator
US5512753A (en) * 1994-06-08 1996-04-30 Packard Instrument, B.V. Scintillation counting system using scintillator capsules
EP1407294A2 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-04-14 University of Kentucky Research Foundation Nanoscintillation systems for aqueous-based liquid scintillation counting
US6855270B2 (en) 2001-06-07 2005-02-15 The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Nanoscintillation systems for aqueous-based liquid scintillation counting
EP1407294A4 (en) * 2001-06-07 2007-05-30 Univ Kentucky Res Found Nanoscintillation systems for aqueous-based liquid scintillation counting

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3928227A (en) Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions
US3811830A (en) Stable oil-in-water emulsion hair dye composition
Nash The interaction of some naphthalene derivatives with a cationic soap below the critical micelle concentration
GB1182198A (en) Stabilised Photographic Silver Halide Developer Compositions and Photographic Materials Containing Them
US3506828A (en) Quaternary ammonium bases and liquid scintillation counting solvent
GB1346426A (en) Incorporating photographic compounds into hydrophilic colloids
US3617185A (en) Stable highly concentrated solutions of basic dyes
ES337747A1 (en) Method and composition for the detection of urobilinogen in fluids
GB1060063A (en) Compositions containing water-soluble "reactive" dyestuffs
Takahashi et al. Liquid Scintillation Counting of Biological Compounds in Aqueous Solution.
US2835699A (en) Radioactive tracers for pipe lines
GB1222112A (en) Composition for scintillation counting
GB1447886A (en) Method for forming a phosphor screen for a colour picture tube and compositions for use therein
Furst et al. Magnitude of Excitation Energy and Energy Transfer by Collision
Nogami et al. Studies on Decomposition and Stabilization of Drugs in Solution. VII. Stabilization of Methantheline Bromide in Aqueous Solution by Surface-active Agents.
US3676360A (en) Liquid scintillators
US2566924A (en) One-phase antirust liquid containing an alkali metal borate and a longchain alcohol
GB1264802A (en)
KR840006767A (en) Antifungal Gel Composition
Matsunaga Diamagnetic Susceptibilities of Azo-derivatives of 2-Naphthol
GB1218190A (en) Method of incorporating ingredients in hydrophilic colloids
GB1050704A (en)
GB1490722A (en) Phosphors
GB1428367A (en) Composition for use in scintillator systems
Saldick et al. Photoinitiated Oxidation of Benzoic Acid by Ferric Ions in Aqueous Solution1