US414122A - Process of annealing wire - Google Patents
Process of annealing wire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US414122A US414122A US414122DA US414122A US 414122 A US414122 A US 414122A US 414122D A US414122D A US 414122DA US 414122 A US414122 A US 414122A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- annealing
- gravel
- sand
- lumps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005296 abrasive Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 gravel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/47—Burnishing
- Y10T29/476—Continuous feed
Definitions
- My invention consists in annealing wire by passing it through a body of heated gravel or other abrasive material consisting of small lumps or particles-such as fragments of broken stone or brick-either with or without sand or other similar material.
- abrasive material is maintained in a heated condition, the duration of its passage through such material being sufficient to raise the wire to a proper annealing temperature,which may be from 600 Fahrenheit to 1,000 Fahrenheit.
- the wire On emerging from the bed of gravel, &c., the wire will be found to be annealed by the heat to which it has been subjected and to be polished on the surface by the abrasion.
- the annealed and polished wire may be coiled for sale or use, or it may be passed directly through the pickling-vat to the galvanizing apparatus, and the fine polishing and scouringimparted to it by the abrasion fit it especially for receiving an even and proper coat of zinc.
- the abrasive material should consist of gravel or similar small lumps or pieces.
- Sand or other fine material when used alone, will not answer, both on account of its tendency to vitrify and because it packs and forms a dense bed, through which the wire passes without being subjected to that grinding and attrition which is the distinctive feature of my method.
- the lumps of gravel being agitated and tumbled about by motion of the wire, prevent settling and packing of the mass.
- Figure 1 represents in plan view the apparatus above mentioned.
- Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section 011 the line 11 II of Fig. 1..
- Fig. 3 is an end view of the apparatus.
- Fig. 4. is a vertical crosssection on the line IV IV of Fig. 2.
- 2 represents a chamber formed by the extension of the side walls above the arch of a flue 4, which extends from a furnace or combustion-chamber 3 at one end and terminates in a stack-flue 5 at the other end.
- This chamber maybe of any suitable length, but in apparatus which I have used it is about forty feet long. It is filled with gravel, particles of fire-brick, or other abrasive material in lumps, which may, if desired, be mixed with a portion of sand or similar material, which is heated by the underlying flue 4.
- the wires to be annealed and polished pass through holes at one end'of the chamber, through the gravel, and pass from the other end thereof, preferably over suitable rollers 6, to the reel or other apparatus by which they are drawn.
- cross-bars or rollers 7, which extend from one side wall to the other at suitable intervals near the arch and above the course of the wire.
- N o. 2eL4,146,I have described the use of broken stone, gravel, and sand as a scrubbing medium in the acid bath after the wire has been annealed and previous to tinning, and I do not herein claim the same; but I am not aware that lumps of abrading material have been used as an annealing-bath, either alone or in conjunction with sand, to fill the interstices between the lumps of abrading material, so as to simultaannealed and polished, substantially as and I0 neously anneal and polish the Wire; and, for the purposes described.
Description
(-No Model.)
H. ROBERTS.
PROCESS OF ANNEALING WIRE.
No. 414,122. Patented Oct. 29, 1889.
WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OF IcE.
HENRY ROBERTS, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
PROCESS OF ANNEALING WIRE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 414,122, dated October 29, 1889. Application filed May 4, 1889. Serial No. 309.548. (No model.)
To aZZ whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, HENRY ROBERTS, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Process of Annealing W'ire, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.
My invention consists in annealing wire by passing it through a body of heated gravel or other abrasive material consisting of small lumps or particles-such as fragments of broken stone or brick-either with or without sand or other similar material. Such abrasive material is maintained in a heated condition, the duration of its passage through such material being sufficient to raise the wire to a proper annealing temperature,which may be from 600 Fahrenheit to 1,000 Fahrenheit. On emerging from the bed of gravel, &c., the wire will be found to be annealed by the heat to which it has been subjected and to be polished on the surface by the abrasion. In thiswayI am enabled toproduce aconjoined result of annealing and polishing at trifling cost, and both annealing and polishing will be found to be performed more efficiently than by any other method known to me. After being treated in this way the annealed and polished wire may be coiled for sale or use, or it may be passed directly through the pickling-vat to the galvanizing apparatus, and the fine polishing and scouringimparted to it by the abrasion fit it especially for receiving an even and proper coat of zinc.
In practice I have found that the abrasive material, to do the work properly, should consist of gravel or similar small lumps or pieces. Sand or other fine material, when used alone, will not answer, both on account of its tendency to vitrify and because it packs and forms a dense bed, through which the wire passes without being subjected to that grinding and attrition which is the distinctive feature of my method. The lumps of gravel, being agitated and tumbled about by motion of the wire, prevent settling and packing of the mass.
The method may be practiced with apparatus of various forms. I have in the accompanying drawings illustrated an appara= tus especially adapted to its practice, and will now describe it, premising, however, that I do not limit myself to its use, since the in vention covered by the patent relates, broadly, to the method of wire-annealing herein described.
In said drawings, Figure 1 represents in plan view the apparatus above mentioned. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section 011 the line 11 II of Fig. 1.. Fig. 3 is an end view of the apparatus. Fig. 4. is a vertical crosssection on the line IV IV of Fig. 2.
Like symbols of reference indicate like parts in each.
In the drawings, 2 represents a chamber formed by the extension of the side walls above the arch of a flue 4, which extends from a furnace or combustion-chamber 3 at one end and terminates in a stack-flue 5 at the other end. This chamber maybe of any suitable length, but in apparatus which I have used it is about forty feet long. It is filled with gravel, particles of fire-brick, or other abrasive material in lumps, which may, if desired, be mixed with a portion of sand or similar material, which is heated by the underlying flue 4. The wires to be annealed and polished pass through holes at one end'of the chamber, through the gravel, and pass from the other end thereof, preferably over suitable rollers 6, to the reel or other apparatus by which they are drawn. To keep the wire well in the gravel and sufiiciently near the arch to be properly heated thereby, I prefer to employ cross-bars or rollers 7, which extend from one side wall to the other at suitable intervals near the arch and above the course of the wire.
I am aware that a sand bath or heated body of sand alone has heretofore been used in the annealing of wire, and do not claim the same. Further, in my previous patent, N o. 2eL4,146,I have described the use of broken stone, gravel, and sand as a scrubbing medium in the acid bath after the wire has been annealed and previous to tinning, and I do not herein claim the same; but I am not aware that lumps of abrading material have been used as an annealing-bath, either alone or in conjunction with sand, to fill the interstices between the lumps of abrading material, so as to simultaannealed and polished, substantially as and I0 neously anneal and polish the Wire; and, for the purposes described.
therefore, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set I claim my hand this 1st day of May, A. D. 1889. 5 An improvement in the art of annealing Wire, which consists in passing the wire HENRY ROBERTS. through a heated body containing small lumps Witnesses: or pieces of abrasive materialsuch as THOMAS W. BAKEWELL,
gravel-whereby the Wire is simultaneously W. B, OORWIN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US414122A true US414122A (en) | 1889-10-29 |
Family
ID=2483052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US414122D Expired - Lifetime US414122A (en) | Process of annealing wire |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US414122A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2834076A (en) * | 1953-08-12 | 1958-05-13 | Ford Motor Co | Hot sand curing of shell molds |
US3053704A (en) * | 1953-11-27 | 1962-09-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Heat treating metals |
US3197346A (en) * | 1953-11-27 | 1965-07-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Heat treatment of ferrous metals with fluidized particles |
-
0
- US US414122D patent/US414122A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2834076A (en) * | 1953-08-12 | 1958-05-13 | Ford Motor Co | Hot sand curing of shell molds |
US3053704A (en) * | 1953-11-27 | 1962-09-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Heat treating metals |
US3197346A (en) * | 1953-11-27 | 1965-07-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Heat treatment of ferrous metals with fluidized particles |
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