US4698689A - Progressive image transmission - Google Patents
Progressive image transmission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4698689A US4698689A US06/845,739 US84573986A US4698689A US 4698689 A US4698689 A US 4698689A US 84573986 A US84573986 A US 84573986A US 4698689 A US4698689 A US 4698689A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transform coefficients
- bits
- image
- block
- quantized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
Definitions
- This invention relates to the transmission of pictorial image data. More particularly, it is concerned with the progressive transmission and reconstruction of coded images in which an approximate image is reconstructed based upon partial information and details are added as additional information becomes available.
- the progressive transmission and reconstruction of coded images allows an approximate image based upon partially received information to be constructed to which additional details are added as additional information becomes available.
- This procedure has various applications in the field of image communications, such as for interactive picture retrieving, variable-rate video conferencing, and the quick display of freeze-frame image transmission.
- the number of accumulated bits of information increases exponentially with each interation.
- the transform coefficients of each block of image data are considered as arranged in a square lattice and are sent and received in a zig-zag pattern in order from the large through the small variance values.
- This scheme is described in an article of Tescher and Cox "An Adaptive Transform Coding Algorithm," ICC Conference Records, pp. 47.20-24, 1976.
- the zig-zag technique provides better compression efficiency than other proposed transform domain schemes, it is desirable to further improve the efficiency with which image data can be transmitted, particularly during the first few iterations.
- the improved method of progressively transmitting an image in accordance with the present invention comprises dividing an image into a predetermined array of zones of picture elements.
- a predetermined spatial domain-to-transform domain transformation is performed on the picture elements of each zone to provide transform coefficients thereof.
- Signals containing data representing transform coefficients in different degrees of detail are produced and transmitted for each zone during the first of a plurality of transmission sequences.
- Signals containing data on transform coefficients which when combined with the data transmitted during preceding sequences provide cumulative data representing the transform coefficients of the zone in increasingly finer detail are produced and transmitted for each zone during subsequent sequences of the plurality of sequences.
- the signals containing data representing transform coefficients in different degrees of detail transmitted during the first transmission sequence and the signals containing data on transform coefficients transmitted during subsequent sequences are received.
- the signals containing data on transform coefficients transmitted during each transmission sequence subsequent to the first are combined with corresponding signals transmitted during preceding transmission sequences including the first to provide cumulative signals containing data on transform coefficients for each zone.
- the inverse of the predetermined spatial domain-to-transform domain transformation is performed on the cumulative signals containing data on transform coefficients for each zone after selected transmission sequences to provide reconstituted image data for each picture element of each zone.
- the reconstituted image data is of finer detail after later transmission sequences in the plurality.
- a system in accordance with the present invention for progressively transmitting an image comprises means for dividing an image into a predetermined array of zones of picture elements and transform means for performing a predetermined spatial domain-to-transform domain transformation of the picture elements of each zone to provide transform coefficients thereof.
- the system includes means for producing and transmitting for each zone during the first of a plurality of transmission sequences signals containing data representing transform coefficients in different degrees of detail, and means for producing and transmitting for each zone during each subsequent sequence of said plurality of sequences signals containing data on transform coefficients which when combined with data transmitted during preceding sequences provide cumulative data representing the transform coefficients of the zone in increasingly finer detail.
- the system comprises receiver means for receiving for each zone said signals containing data representing transform coefficients in different degrees of detail transmitted during said first of said plurality of transmission sequences and said signals containing data on transform coefficients transmitted during each subsequent sequence of said plurality of transmission sequences.
- Means are included for combining signals containing data on transform coefficients transmitted during each transmission sequence subsequent to the first with corresponding signals transmitted during preceding transmission sequences including the first to provide cumulative signals containing data on transform coefficients for each zone.
- Inverse transform means are also included for performing the inverse of said predetermined spatial domain-to-transform domain transformation of cumulative signals containing data on transform coefficients for each zone after selected transmission sequences to provide reconstituted image data for each picture element of each zone, the reconstituted image data being of finer detail after later transmission sequences in the plurality.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram representing apparatus for progressively transmitting and reconstructing an image in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary standard deviation matrix from which the bit assignment matrices of FIGS. 2A and 2B are designed;
- FIG. 4 illustrates stages in the progressive reconstruction of an image in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates corresponding stages in the progressive reconstruction of an image in accordance with prior art techniques.
- the block quantizer 13 quantizes each transform coefficient of a block in varying degrees of precision for each of several iterations to produce a series of sets of quantized values. That is, on each succeeding iteration, a greater number of bits are assigned to represent the values of the coefficients of different ones of the coefficients.
- the total number of bits assigned to the quantized values increases by the same amount for each iteration. That is, on the first iteration values for several of the coefficients of the set are expressed in different numbers of bits which add to a total number of bits for the set. On each subsequent iteration that same number of bits is added and the total number reassigned to provide image data on the values of the coefficients in greater detail. For each iteration the bits added to each set are transmitted during a transmission sequence by a transmitter 14 and conducted over a suitable transmission channel to a receiver 20.
- the receiver 20 receives the information during each transmission sequence for each iteration on each block and stores the bits in storage 21. After each iteration, or transmission sequence, the data available on the transform coefficients for each block is increased by the amount being sent, thus providing greater information on the image details. This data is accumulated in storage 21 by combining the bits received during each transmission sequence with those previously received.
- the accumulated bits representing the transform coefficients of each set may be removed from storage 21 and processed in a block dequantizer 22 to re-establish the transform coefficient values to the extent of precision possible with the accumulated data available.
- This information is subjected to the inverse of the previous spatial domain-to-transform domain transformation in an inverse transform 23 to produce reconstituted image data in the spatial domain.
- This data is placed in storage 24 and is available for display on a display 25.
- the display reproduces the image data in greater detail upon subsequent iterations or transmission sequences.
- the transmitted image is progressively reconstructed in successively finer detail during successive transmission sequences, and transmission may be stopped after any transmission sequence up to transmission of final detail.
- the number of accumulated information bits at the i-th step of progression is ##EQU1##
- nonadaptive spatial domain-to-transform domain coding with a zonal bit assignment scheme in which the number of information bits allocated is the same from block to block is employed.
- the scheme may be extended to adaptive transform coding if desired in accordance with the teachings in an article by Ngan "Adaptive Transform Coding of Video Signals," IEEE Proc. part F, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 28-40, February 1982.
- the image is partitioned into L blocks for transform coding.
- bit assignment rule based upon rate-distortion theory guarantees ⁇ b i+1 (k,l) to be always nonnegative.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B An example of bit assignment maps and corresponding incremental bit assignment maps designed for an image with the standard deviation matrix shown in the table of FIG. 3 at the incremental bit rate of 1 bit/pixel-iteration is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- FIG. 2A(1)-(8) indicate the number of bits assigned to each quantized transform coefficient of a block to provide a series of sets of quantized transform coefficients.
- FIG. 2B(1)-(8) indicates the assignment of bits added on each iteration to generate the sets of FIG. 2A(1)-(8), respectively.
- the data corresponding to each of the incremental bit assignment maps of FIG. 2B(1)-(8) is transmitted during each of a plurality of transmission sequences.
- the sequence of bits allocated to each transform coefficient can be read from the maps at its corresponding location.
- the bit assignment sequence is "51110000" for the DC term (0,0) and "31111100" for the AC term at (0,1).
- the total number of bits assigned to each transform coefficient is 8 in order to match the resolution of the input image. See FIG. 2A(8).
- the scheme can be viewed as slicing the full bit assignment map into layers of incremental bit assignment maps and sending the information corresponding to a slice of the full bit assignment map at each iteration or transmission sequence. As shown in FIG. 2B(1) there are 8 coefficients transmitted, at various degrees of precisions, in the first iteration.
- the progressive image transmission and reconstruction scheme described above requires the quantizer and the dequantizer to operate so as to make progressively finer reconstructions based upon the already received information combined with the additional information received at each iteration.
- 5 bits are allocated to the DC component (0,0) in the first iteration (FIG. 2B(1)) and one additional bit in each of the next three iterations (FIGS. 2B(2), (3), and (4)). Therefore, the DC term is initially quantized by a 5-bit quantizer (FIG. 2A(1)); quantization is refined to 6 bits in the second iteration (FIG. 2A(2)), to 7 bits in the third iteration (FIG. 2A(3)), and so forth.
- y i and y i+1 be the binary representations of the b i - and b i+1 -bit quantizer outputs corresponding to a transform coefficient x respectively; then y i+1 should be able to be represented as (y i , ⁇ y i+1 ) so that the previous output symbol is embedded within the current output symbol. Consequently, a finer reconstruction value x i+1 can be obtained from the already received y i and the additional information ⁇ y i+1 in the (i+1)th iteration.
- An embedded quantization scheme is achieved by aligning the thresholds (the value which determines whether a 0 or a 1 will be the assigned digit) of succeeding levels of quantization.
- a particular quantizer is chosen as the reference and the values are determined with regard to the mean-squared quantization error.
- the DC transform coefficient has a Gaussian distribution and the other coefficients, the AC coefficients, a Laplacian distribution, the thresholds and reconstructed levels for DC and AC coefficients are different.
- Tables 1 and 2 give suitable threshold and reconstructed levels having threshold aligned quantization for a Gaussian distributed value and a Laplacian distributed value, respectively, quantized from 1 to 8 bits. Only the positive levels are shown in Tables 1 and 2, the negative levels being symmetric therewith. Thus, the values of the transform coefficients quantized at each iteration (FIG. 2A(1)-(8)) in accordance with the threshold levels of Tables 1 and 2 and reconstructed as received data is accumulated in accordance with the reconstructed levels of Tables 1 and 2 provides an embedded quantizing scheme for accumulating information over a sequence of iterations.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are simulations illustrating the progressive transmission and reconstruction schemes in accordance with the present invention and in accordance with the zig-zag scanning approach as described for example in the above-mentioned article by Tescher and Cox.
- the original image data consists of 512 ⁇ 512 pixels with 8 bits per pixel.
- Each zone or block is 16 ⁇ 16 pixels.
- the bit assignment maps were designed based upon rate-distortion theory.
- an 8-bit nonuniform quantizer in accordance with the teachings in an article by Max "Quantization for Minimum Distortion" IEEE Transaction-Information Theory, vol IT-6, pp 7-12, March 1960 was employed.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the corresponding reconstructed images with data content of 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2 bits/pixel. These pictures simulate transmission and reception of data at a 1/32 bit/pixel iteration for the first, second, fourth, eighth, sixteenth, thirty-second, and sixty-fourth iteration, respectively.
- the progressive transmission and reconstruction scheme for transformed images in accordance with the present invention is more efficient in delivering image quality than the zig-zag scanning approach.
- the reconstructed images from the two systems show different characteristics; those from the zig-zag scanning approach appear smoother, whereas those produced in accordance with the present invention contain more detail.
- Subjective comparison indicates that the approach in accordance with the present invention is more than twice as efficient as the zig-zag approach in delivering the details of an image at low bit rates.
Abstract
Description
Δb.sub.i+1 (k,l)=b.sub.i+1 (k,l)-b.sub.i (k,l).
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Threshold aligned nonuniform quantizer: Gaussian source ______________________________________ Threshold levels for 1 bit 0.0000 Threshold levels for 2 bits 0.0000,1.0993 Threshold levels for 3 bits 0.0000,0.5224,1.0993,1.8435 Threshold levels for 4 bits 0.0000,0.2582,0.5224,0.7996,1.0993,1.4371,1.8435,2.4008 Threshold levels for 5 bits 0.0000,0.1288,0.2582,0.3892,0.5224,0.6589,0.7996,0.9459, 1.0993,1.2622,1.4371,1.6290,1.8435,2.0945,2.4008,2.8843 Threshold levels for 6 bits 0.0000,0.0643,0.1288,0.1934,0.2582,0.3235,0.3892,0.4555, 0.5224,0.5902,0.6589,0.7286,0.7996,0.8719,0.9459,1.0216, 1.0993,1.1794,1.2622,1.3479,1.4371,1.5307,1.6290,1.7329, 1.8435,1.9639,2.0945,2.2389,2.4008,2.6166,2.8843,3.3159, Threshold levels for 7 bits 0.0000,0.0322,0.0643,0.0965,0.1288,0.1610,0.1934,0.2257, 0.2582,0.2908,0.3235,0.3563,0.3892,0.4222,0.4555,0.4888, 0.5224,0.5562,0.5902,0.6244,0.6589,0.6936,0.7286,0.7639, 0.7996,0.8356,0.8719,0.9087,0.9459,0.9835,1.0216,1.0602, 1.0993,1.1391,1.1794,1.2204,1.2622,1.3047,1.3479,1.3921, 1.4371,1.4834,1.5307,1.5792,1.6290,1.6802,1.7329,1.7873, 1.8435,1.9025,1.9639,2.0277,2.0945,2.1648,2.2389,2.3173, 2.4008,2.5038,2.6166,2.7422,2.8843,3.0759,3.3159,3.7087 Threshold levels for 8 bits 0.0000,0.0161,0.0322,0.0482,0.0643,0.0804,0.0965,0.1126, 0.1288,0.1449,0.1610,0.1772,0.1934,0.2095,0.2257,0.2420, 0.2582,0.2745,0.2908,0.3071,0.3235,0.3398,0.3563,0.3727, 0.3892,0.4057,0.4222,0.4388,0.4555,0.4721,0.4888,0.5056, 0.5224,0.5393,0.5562,0.5732,0.5902,0.6073,0.6244,0.6416, 0.6589,0.6762,0.6936,0.7111,0.7286,0.7462,0.7639,0.7817, 0.7996,0.8175,0.8356,0.8537,0.8719,0.8903,0.9087,0.9272, 0.9459,0.9646,0.9835,1.0025,1.0216,1.0408,1.0602,1.0797, 1.0993,1.1191,1.1391,1.1592,1.1794,1.1999,1.2204,1.2412, 1.2622,1.2833,1.3047,1.3262,1.3479,1.3699,1.3921,1.4145, 1.4371,1.4601,1.4834,1.5069,1.5307,1.5548,1.5792,1.6040, 1.6290,1.6544,1.6802,1.7064,1.7329,1.7599,1.7873,1.8152, 1.8435,1.8728,1.9025,1.9329,1.9639,1.9955,2.0277,2.0607, 2.0945,2.1292,2.1648,2.2013,2.2389,2.2775,2.3173,2.3584, 2.4008,2.4512,2.5038,2.5589,2.6166,2.6777,2.7422,2.8109, 2.8843,2.9755,3.0759,3.1882,3.3159,3.4896,3.7087,4.0712 Reconstruction levels for 1 bits 0.7980 Reconstruction levels for 2 bits 0.4968,1.6052 Reconstruction levels for 3 bits 0.2553,0.7887,1.4060,2.2354 Reconstruction levels for 4 bits 0.1284,0.3880,0.6568,0.9423,1.2562,1.6180,2.0690,2.7326 Reconstruction levels for 5 bits 0.0643,0.1932,0.3232,0.4551,0.5897,0.7280,.0.8712,1.0206, 1.1781,1.3462,1.5284,1.7296,1.9588,2.2303,.2.5928,3.1757 Reconstruction levels for 6 bits 0.0322,0.0965,0.1610,0.2257,0.2907,0.3562,0.4222,0.4887, 0.5561,0.6243,0.6935,0.7638,0.8354,0.9085,0.9832,1.0599, 1.1387,1.2201,1.3043,1.3916,1.4828,1.5786,1.6795,1.7864, 1.9014,2.0263,2.1629,2.3148,2.4990,2.7342,3.0536,3.5782 Reconstruction levels for 7 bits 0.0161,0.0482,0.0804,0.1126,0.1449,0.1772,0.2095,0.2420, 0.2745,0.3071,0.3398,0.3727,0.4057,0.4388,0.4721,0.5056, 0.5392,0.5731,0.6072,0.6416,0.6762,0.7110,0.7462,0.7817, 0.8175,0.8536,0.8902,0.9272,0.9646,1.0024,1.0407,1.0796, 1.1190,1.1591,1.1998,1.2411,1.2832,1.3261,1.3698,1.4144, 1.4600,1.5068,1.5547,1.6038,1.6543,1.7062,1.7597,1.8150, 1.8725,1.9326,1.9951,2.0604,2.1288,2.2008,2.2769,2.3577, 2.4502,2.5575,2.6759,2.8085,2.9710,3.1807,3.4687,3.9487 Reconstruction levels for 8 bits 0.0080,0.0241,0.0402,0.0563,0.0724,0.0885,0.1046,0.1207, 0.1368,0.1529,0.1691,0.1853,0.2014,0.2176,0.2339,0.2501, 0.2664,0.2826,0.2989,0.3153,0.3317,0.3480,0.3645,0.3809, 0.3974,0.4140,0.4305,0.4471,0.4638,0.4805,0.4972,0.5140, 0.5308,0.5477,0.5647,0.5816,0.5987,0.6158,0.6330,0.6502, 0.6675,0.6849,0.7023,0.7198,0.7374,0.7550,0.7728,0.7906, 0.8085,0.8265,0.8446,0.8628,0.8811,0.8994,0.9179,0.9365, 0.9552,0.9740,0.9929,1.0120,1.0312,1.0504,1.0699,1.0894, 1.1092,1.1290,1.1491,1.1693,1.1896,1.2101,1.2308,1.2516, 1.2727,1.2939,1.3154,1.3370,1.3589,1.3809,1.4032,1.4258, 1.4486,1.4717,1.4951,1.5187,1.5427,1.5670,1.5915,1.6164, 1.6416,1.6672,1.6932,1.7196,1.7463,1.7735,1.8011,1.8292, 1.8580,1.8875,1.9176,1.9482,1.9795,2.0114,2.0441,2.0774, 2.1117,2.1468,2.1828,2.2198,2.2579,2.2971,2.3375,2.3792, 2.4255,2.4770,2.5307,2.5870,2.6463,2.7090,2.7755,2.8463, 2.9279,3.0231,3.1287,3.2476,3.3942,3.5849,3.8489,4.2935/ ______________________________________
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Threshold aligned nonuniform quantizer: Laplacian source ______________________________________ Threshold levels for 1 bit 0.0000 Threshold levels for 2 bits 0.0000,1.3444 Threshold levels for 3 bits 0.0000,0.5667,1.3444,2.5971 Threshold levels for 1 bits 0.0000,0.2644,0.5667,0.9198,1.3444,1.8776,2.5971,3.7240 Threshold levels for 5 bits 0.0000,0.1281,0.2644,0.4102,0.5667,0.7359,0.9198,1.1215, 1.3444,1.5942,1.8776,2.2068,2.5971,3.0852,3.7240,4.8509 Threshold levels for 6 bits 0.0000,0.0631,0.1281,0.1951,0.2644,0.3360,0.4102,0.4870, 0.5667,0.6496,0.7359,0.8259,0.9198,1.0182,1.1215,1.2300, 1.3444,1.4656,1.5942,1.7312,1.8776,2.0358,2.2068,2.3929, 2.5971,2.8271,3.0852,3.3805,3.7240,4.2121,4.8509,5.9777 Threshold levels for 7 bits 0.0000,0.0313,0.0631,0.0953,0.1281,0.1613,0.1951,0.2295, 0.2644,0.2999,0.3360,0.3728,0.4102,0.4482,0.4870,0.5265, 0.5667,0.6078,0.6496,0.6923,0.7359,0.7804,0.8259,0.8723, 0.9198,0.9684,1.0182,1.0692,1.1215,1.1750,1.2300,1.2864, 1.3444,1.4041,1.4656,1.5290,1.5942,1.6616,1.7312,1.8031, 1.8776,1.9552,2.0358,2.1196,2.2068,2.2978,2.3929,2.4926, 2.5971,2.7090,2.8271,2.9523,3.0852,3.2277,3.3805,3.5453, 3.7240,3.9540,4.2121,4.5074,4.8509,5.3390,5.9777,7.1046 Threshold levels for 8 bits 0.0000,0.0156,0.0313,0.0471,0.0631,0.0791,0.0953,0.1116, 0.1281,0.1446,0.1613,0.1782,0.1951,0.2122,0.2295,0.2469, 0.2644,0.2821,0.2999,0.3179,0.3360,0.3543,0.3728,0.3914, 0.4102,0.4291,0.4482,0.4675,0.4870,0.5066,0.5265,0.5465, 0.5667,0.5871,0.6078,0.6286,0.6496,0.6709,0.06923,0.7140, 0.7359,0.7580,0.7804,0.8030,0.8259,0.8490,0.8723,0.8959, 0.9198,0.9440,0.9684,0.9932,1.0182,1.0436,1.0692,1.0952, 1.1215,1.1481,1.1750,1.2023,1.2300,1.2580,1.2864,1.3152, 1.3444,1.3741,1.4042,1.4347,1.4656,1.4971,1.5290,1.5613, 1.5942,1.6276,1.6616,1.6961,1.7312,1.7668,1.8031,1.8400, 1.8776,1.9161,1.9552,1.9951,2.0358,2.0773,2.1196,2.1627, 2.2068,2.2518,2.2978,2.3448,2.3929,2.4422,2.4926,2.5442, 2.5971,2.6523,2.7090,2.7672,2.8271,2.8888,2.9523,3.0177, 3.0852,3.1553,3.2277,3.3028,3.3805,3.4613,3.5453,3.6328, 3.7240,3.8359,3.9540,4.0791,4.2121,4.3546,4.5074,4.6722, 4.8509,5.0809,5.3390,5.6343,5.9777,6.4659,7.1046,8.2314 Reconstruction levels for 1 bit 0.7071 Reconstruction levels for 2 bits 0.4710,2.0515 Reconstruction levels for 3 bits 0.2459,0.8857,1.7948,3.3042 Reconstruction levels for 4 bits 0.1240,0.4048,0.7287,1.1110,1.5778,2.1773,3.0169,4.4311 Reconstruction levels for 5 bits 0.0621,0.1941,0.3348,0.4855,0.6479,0.8239,1.0158,1.2271, 1.4620,1.7265,2.0295,2.3841,2.8133,3.3572,4.1438,5.5580 Reconstruction levels for 6 bits 0.0311,0.0951,0.1611,0.2292,0.2996,0.3724,0.4479,0.5261, 0.6073,0.6919,0.7799,0.8718,0.9679,1.0686,1.1743,1.2857, 1.4033,1.5280,1.6605,1.8019,1.9537,2.1178,2.2958,2.4901, 2.7059,2.9483,3.2226,3.5384,3.9402,4.4841,5.2706,6.6848 Reconstruction levels for 7 bits 0.0155,0.0471,0.0791,0.1116,0.1446,0.1781,0.2122,0.2468, 0.2820.0.3178,0.3542,0.3913,0.4290,0.4674,0.5065,0.5464, 0.5870,0.6285,0.6707,0.7139,0.7579,0.8029,0.8488,0.8958, 0.9438,0.9930,1.0434,1.0950,1.1479,1.2022,1.2578,1.3150, 1.3739,1.4344,1.4968,1.5611,1.6274,1.6958,1.7665,1.8397, 1.9157,1.9947,2.0768,2.1623,2.2513,2.3443,2.4416,2.5435, 2.6516,2.7664,2.8878,3.0167,3.1541,3.3014,3.4597,3.6309, 3.8328,4.0752,4.3495,4.6653,5.0671,5.6109,6.3975,7.8117 Reconstruction levels for 8 bits 0.0078,0.0234,0.0392,0.0551,0.0711,0.0872,0.1035,0.1198, 0.1363,0.1530,0.1697,0.1866,0.2037,0.2208,0.2381,0.2556, 0.2732,0.2910,0.3089,0.3269,0.3451,0.3635,0.3820,0.4007, 0.4196,0.4386,0.4578,0.4772,0.4968,0.5165,0.5364,0.5565, 0.5769,0.5974,0.6181,0.6390,0.6602,0.6815,0.7031,0.7249, 0.7469,0.7692,0.7916,0.8144,0.8373,0.8606,0.8840,0.9078, 0.9318,0.9561,0.9807,1.0056,1.0308,1.0563,1.0821,1.1082, 1.1347,1.1615,1.1886,1.2161,1.2439,1.2721,1.3007,1.3297, 1.3591,1.3890,1.4193,1.4500,1.4812,1.5129,1.5450,1.5777, 1.6108,1.6445,1.6787,1.7135,1.7489,1.7848,1.8214,1.8587, 1.8967,1.9355,1.9750,2.0153,2.0563,2.0982,2.1409,2.1845, 2.2290,2.2746,2.3211,2.3686,2.4173,2.4671,2.5181,2.5703, 2.6243,2.6803,2.7377,2.7967,2.8575,2.9200,2.9845,3.0509, 3.1197,3.1909,3.2646,3.3409,3.4202,3.5025,3.5881,3.6774, 3.7785,3.8933,4.0147,4.1436,4.2810,4.4283,4.5866,4.7578, 4.9596,5.2021,5.4764,5.7922,6.1939,6.7378,7.5243,8.9385 ______________________________________
Claims (35)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/845,739 US4698689A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1986-03-28 | Progressive image transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/845,739 US4698689A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1986-03-28 | Progressive image transmission |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4698689A true US4698689A (en) | 1987-10-06 |
Family
ID=25295994
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/845,739 Expired - Lifetime US4698689A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1986-03-28 | Progressive image transmission |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4698689A (en) |
Cited By (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4764805A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1988-08-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image transmission system with line averaging preview mode using two-pass block-edge interpolation |
US4797945A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image data coding apparatus |
US4802232A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-01-31 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh | Method for reducing the quantity of data in image coding |
US4805030A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1989-02-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of image signal encoding by orthogonal transformation |
US4807042A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1989-02-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of image signal encoding by orthogonal transformation |
US4807029A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1989-02-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of reconstructing image from compression-processed image signals |
US4833543A (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1989-05-23 | Alcatel N.V. | Image processing system and phaselocked loop used therein |
US4858017A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-08-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | System and method for hierarchal image encoding and decoding |
US4862263A (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1989-08-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for optimized weighting of transmitted transformation coefficients in transforamtion coders for the purpose of minnimizing convolution distortions |
US4903125A (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1990-02-20 | British Broadcasting Corporation | Method and apparatus for conveying information signals |
US4922273A (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1990-05-01 | Konica Corporation | Compression method of halftone image data |
US4922544A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1990-05-01 | Crosfield Electronics Limited | Image processing |
US4924309A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1990-05-08 | Deutche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Method and circuit arrangement for improving the resolution of the coefficients of digital signals, particularly digital TV signals |
US5007001A (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-04-09 | Lloyd Williams Andrew | Method for reordering the pixel map of a digitized image |
EP0422404A2 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Transform coding using coefficient prediction techniques |
US5049992A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1991-09-17 | Zenith Electronics Corporation | HDTV system with receivers operable at different levels of resolution |
US5054103A (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1991-10-01 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Picture encoding system |
FR2660823A1 (en) * | 1990-04-10 | 1991-10-11 | Telecommunications Sa | Chaining of coefficients coding a static image to be transmitted |
EP0466475A2 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-15 | Fujitsu Limited | An image data encoding system |
DE4134554A1 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-07 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Digital image quantisation width adjustment circuit - uses digital cosine transformation signals with coefficients generated in scaling process |
US5121216A (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1992-06-09 | Bell Communications Research | Adaptive transform coding of still images |
US5126857A (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1992-06-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Device for coding a picture signal by compression |
US5126962A (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-06-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Discrete cosine transform processing system |
US5157488A (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-10-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adaptive quantization within the jpeg sequential mode |
US5172227A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image compression with color interpolation for a single sensor image system |
US5177796A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1993-01-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image data processing of correlated images |
US5218650A (en) * | 1991-01-02 | 1993-06-08 | Ricoh Corporation | Quantization method for use in image compression |
US5228098A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-07-13 | Tektronix, Inc. | Adaptive spatio-temporal compression/decompression of video image signals |
US5249066A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1993-09-28 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and system for writing and reading coded data |
US5293434A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1994-03-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Technique for use in a transform coder for imparting robustness to compressed image data through use of global block transformations |
US5333212A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1994-07-26 | Storm Technology | Image compression technique with regionally selective compression ratio |
US5337085A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-08-09 | Comsat Corporation | Coding technique for high definition television signals |
US5349545A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1994-09-20 | Intel Corporation | Arithmetic logic unit dequantization |
US5422675A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1995-06-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Adaptive modulation/demodulation signal processing |
US5473377A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1995-12-05 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for quantizing intra-block DC transform coefficients using the human visual characteristics |
US5506916A (en) * | 1986-10-18 | 1996-04-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image compression apparatus using a lossy compression method |
US5568598A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-10-22 | Intel Corporation | Displaying images using progressive fade-in |
US5638068A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1997-06-10 | Intel Corporation | Processing images using two-dimensional forward transforms |
US5729691A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-17 | Intel Corporation | Two-stage transform for video signals |
US5751856A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1998-05-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | System for processing a quantized vector using spatial frequency correlations |
US5754705A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1998-05-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image data compressing apparatus having a sensor size matching compression processing block size |
US5870498A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1999-02-09 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh | Method of processing image data for transmission, and use of this process |
WO1999016250A1 (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-04-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | An embedded dct-based still image coding algorithm |
US5930526A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1999-07-27 | Intel Corporation | System for progressive transmission of compressed video including video data of first type of video frame played independently of video data of second type of video frame |
US5978514A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1999-11-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image data coding and decoding system for efficiently compressing information using the shape and position of the image content |
WO2000022832A1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR CODING ROIs |
US6091394A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2000-07-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Technique for holographic representation of images |
EP1030524A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-23 | Alcatel | Method for encoding a digital image and coder |
US6125211A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2000-09-26 | Lu; Chung-Ya | Progressive image transmission |
US20010033734A1 (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 2001-10-25 | Minolta Co., Ltd., | Image information processing system |
US6310979B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-10-30 | Sharewave, Inc. | Method and apparatus for digital data compression |
US6356663B1 (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 2002-03-12 | Intel Corporation | Processing image signals using spatial decomposition |
US20020106027A1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-08-08 | Samuel Moon-Ho | Regularized dequantizer for DCT-based transform coding |
US20020118224A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-08-29 | Isaac Levanon | System and methods for network image delivery with dynamic viewing frustum optimized for limited bandwidth communication channels |
US20030028901A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2003-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic broadcast and location of evolving media content with application to seminar and stroke media |
WO2003028382A2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Intel Corporation | Video capture device and method of sending high quality video over a low data rate link |
US6553143B2 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2003-04-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image encoding method and apparatus |
US6754433B2 (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 2004-06-22 | Sony Broadcast & Communication Limited | Image data recording and transmission |
US6775412B1 (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2004-08-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Lossless region of interest coding |
US7197190B1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2007-03-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for digital data compression |
US9641644B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2017-05-02 | Bradium Technologies Llc | Optimized image delivery over limited bandwidth communication channels |
US20220076380A1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2022-03-10 | Displaylink (Uk) Limited | Method of controlling encoding of display data |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4152772A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1979-05-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Apparatus for performing a discrete cosine transform of an input signal |
US4179709A (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1979-12-18 | Bell & Howell Company | Video information bandwidth compression |
US4189748A (en) * | 1977-08-23 | 1980-02-19 | Northrop Corporation | Video bandwidth reduction system using a two-dimensional transformation, and an adaptive filter with error correction |
US4222076A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-09-09 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Progressive image transmission |
US4261018A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-04-07 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Progressive image transmission |
US4302775A (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1981-11-24 | Compression Labs, Inc. | Digital video compression system and methods utilizing scene adaptive coding with rate buffer feedback |
US4355337A (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1982-10-19 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Method of restoring pictures with high density |
US4394774A (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1983-07-19 | Compression Labs, Inc. | Digital video compression system and methods utilizing scene adaptive coding with rate buffer feedback |
US4567518A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1986-01-28 | U.S. Philips Corporation | System for decoding and displaying encoded television pictures |
US4672444A (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-06-09 | Rca Corporation | Method for transmitting a high-resolution image over a narrow-band communication channel |
-
1986
- 1986-03-28 US US06/845,739 patent/US4698689A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4152772A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1979-05-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Apparatus for performing a discrete cosine transform of an input signal |
US4189748A (en) * | 1977-08-23 | 1980-02-19 | Northrop Corporation | Video bandwidth reduction system using a two-dimensional transformation, and an adaptive filter with error correction |
US4179709A (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1979-12-18 | Bell & Howell Company | Video information bandwidth compression |
US4222076A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-09-09 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Progressive image transmission |
US4302775A (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1981-11-24 | Compression Labs, Inc. | Digital video compression system and methods utilizing scene adaptive coding with rate buffer feedback |
US4394774A (en) * | 1978-12-15 | 1983-07-19 | Compression Labs, Inc. | Digital video compression system and methods utilizing scene adaptive coding with rate buffer feedback |
US4355337A (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1982-10-19 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Method of restoring pictures with high density |
US4261018A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-04-07 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Progressive image transmission |
US4567518A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1986-01-28 | U.S. Philips Corporation | System for decoding and displaying encoded television pictures |
US4672444A (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-06-09 | Rca Corporation | Method for transmitting a high-resolution image over a narrow-band communication channel |
Non-Patent Citations (14)
Title |
---|
Ahmed, Natarajan and Rao; "Discrete Cosine Transform", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. C-23, pp. 90-93, Jan. 1974. |
Ahmed, Natarajan and Rao; Discrete Cosine Transform , IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. C 23, pp. 90 93, Jan. 1974. * |
Davisson; "Rate-Distortion Theory and Applications", IEEE Proc., vol. 50, pp. 800-808, 1972. |
Davisson; Rate Distortion Theory and Applications , IEEE Proc., vol. 50, pp. 800 808, 1972. * |
Max, "Quantizing for Minimum Distortion", IRE Trans. Information Theory, vol. IT-6, pp. 7-12, Mar. 1960. |
Max, Quantizing for Minimum Distortion , IRE Trans. Information Theory, vol. IT 6, pp. 7 12, Mar. 1960. * |
Ngan, "Adaptive Transform Coding of Video Signals", IEEE Proc., part F, vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 28-40, Feb. 1982. |
Ngan, Adaptive Transform Coding of Video Signals , IEEE Proc., part F, vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 28 40, Feb. 1982. * |
Ngan; "Image Display Techniques Using the Cosine Transform"; IEEE Trans. Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-32, No. 1, pp. 173, 177; Feb. 1984. |
Ngan; Image Display Techniques Using the Cosine Transform ; IEEE Trans. Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP 32, No. 1, pp. 173, 177; Feb. 1984. * |
Takikawa; "Fast Progressive Reconstruction of a Transformed Image"; IEEE Information Theory; vol. IT-30, No. 1, pp. 111-117; Jan. 1984. |
Takikawa; Fast Progressive Reconstruction of a Transformed Image ; IEEE Information Theory; vol. IT 30, No. 1, pp. 111 117; Jan. 1984. * |
Tescher and Cox; "An Adaptive Transform Coding Algorithm"; ICC Conference Records, pp. 47.20-47.25, 1976. |
Tescher and Cox; An Adaptive Transform Coding Algorithm ; ICC Conference Records, pp. 47.20 47.25, 1976. * |
Cited By (98)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5065446A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1991-11-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image data coding apparatus |
US4797945A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1989-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image data coding apparatus |
US4833543A (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1989-05-23 | Alcatel N.V. | Image processing system and phaselocked loop used therein |
US4805030A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1989-02-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of image signal encoding by orthogonal transformation |
US4807042A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1989-02-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of image signal encoding by orthogonal transformation |
US4802232A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-01-31 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh | Method for reducing the quantity of data in image coding |
US4903125A (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1990-02-20 | British Broadcasting Corporation | Method and apparatus for conveying information signals |
US4807029A (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1989-02-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method of reconstructing image from compression-processed image signals |
US4922544A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1990-05-01 | Crosfield Electronics Limited | Image processing |
US4862263A (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1989-08-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for optimized weighting of transmitted transformation coefficients in transforamtion coders for the purpose of minnimizing convolution distortions |
US5506916A (en) * | 1986-10-18 | 1996-04-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image compression apparatus using a lossy compression method |
US4922273A (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1990-05-01 | Konica Corporation | Compression method of halftone image data |
US4764805A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1988-08-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image transmission system with line averaging preview mode using two-pass block-edge interpolation |
US4924309A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1990-05-08 | Deutche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Method and circuit arrangement for improving the resolution of the coefficients of digital signals, particularly digital TV signals |
US5054103A (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1991-10-01 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Picture encoding system |
US4858017A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-08-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | System and method for hierarchal image encoding and decoding |
US5249066A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1993-09-28 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and system for writing and reading coded data |
US5751856A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1998-05-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | System for processing a quantized vector using spatial frequency correlations |
US20010033734A1 (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 2001-10-25 | Minolta Co., Ltd., | Image information processing system |
US5126857A (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1992-06-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Device for coding a picture signal by compression |
US5121216A (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1992-06-09 | Bell Communications Research | Adaptive transform coding of still images |
EP0422404A3 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1993-01-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Transform coding using coefficient prediction techniques |
EP0422404A2 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Transform coding using coefficient prediction techniques |
US5007001A (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-04-09 | Lloyd Williams Andrew | Method for reordering the pixel map of a digitized image |
US5422675A (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1995-06-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Adaptive modulation/demodulation signal processing |
FR2660823A1 (en) * | 1990-04-10 | 1991-10-11 | Telecommunications Sa | Chaining of coefficients coding a static image to be transmitted |
US5870498A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1999-02-09 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh | Method of processing image data for transmission, and use of this process |
EP0466475A3 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1993-06-09 | Fujitsu Limited | An image data encoding system |
EP0466475A2 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-15 | Fujitsu Limited | An image data encoding system |
US5126962A (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-06-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Discrete cosine transform processing system |
US5049992A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1991-09-17 | Zenith Electronics Corporation | HDTV system with receivers operable at different levels of resolution |
DE4134554A1 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-07 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Digital image quantisation width adjustment circuit - uses digital cosine transformation signals with coefficients generated in scaling process |
US5177796A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1993-01-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image data processing of correlated images |
US5754705A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1998-05-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image data compressing apparatus having a sensor size matching compression processing block size |
US5172227A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image compression with color interpolation for a single sensor image system |
US5218650A (en) * | 1991-01-02 | 1993-06-08 | Ricoh Corporation | Quantization method for use in image compression |
US5333212A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1994-07-26 | Storm Technology | Image compression technique with regionally selective compression ratio |
US5293434A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1994-03-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Technique for use in a transform coder for imparting robustness to compressed image data through use of global block transformations |
US5157488A (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-10-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adaptive quantization within the jpeg sequential mode |
US5228098A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-07-13 | Tektronix, Inc. | Adaptive spatio-temporal compression/decompression of video image signals |
US6754433B2 (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 2004-06-22 | Sony Broadcast & Communication Limited | Image data recording and transmission |
US5337085A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-08-09 | Comsat Corporation | Coding technique for high definition television signals |
US6553143B2 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2003-04-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image encoding method and apparatus |
US5349545A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1994-09-20 | Intel Corporation | Arithmetic logic unit dequantization |
US5473377A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1995-12-05 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for quantizing intra-block DC transform coefficients using the human visual characteristics |
US5638068A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1997-06-10 | Intel Corporation | Processing images using two-dimensional forward transforms |
US5568598A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-10-22 | Intel Corporation | Displaying images using progressive fade-in |
US6356663B1 (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 2002-03-12 | Intel Corporation | Processing image signals using spatial decomposition |
US6868184B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2005-03-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method and apparatus for image coding and/or decoding using a position and shape map |
US6339657B1 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2002-01-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image compression of a facial region by adaptive quantization based on resolution |
US6584230B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2003-06-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image decoding of image content within a boundary based on a map resolution transformed signal |
US6826308B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2004-11-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method and apparatus for image encoding and decoding using a shape and position map |
US5978514A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1999-11-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image data coding and decoding system for efficiently compressing information using the shape and position of the image content |
US7054495B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2006-05-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image data coding and/or decoding system capable of high-efficient coding |
US6714684B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2004-03-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Subband image compression of blocks within a bounded shape using a resolution transform |
US6614938B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2003-09-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image compression with orthogonal transform of blocks within a bounded shape |
US20050129321A1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 2005-06-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image data coding and/or decoding system capable of high-efficient coding |
US6697531B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2004-02-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image coding and decoding using a position and shape map |
US6640013B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 | 2003-10-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image decoding using a shape map |
US20030198396A1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 2003-10-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image data coding and/or decoding system capable of high-efficient coding |
US5729691A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-17 | Intel Corporation | Two-stage transform for video signals |
US5930526A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1999-07-27 | Intel Corporation | System for progressive transmission of compressed video including video data of first type of video frame played independently of video data of second type of video frame |
US6091394A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2000-07-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Technique for holographic representation of images |
US6125211A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2000-09-26 | Lu; Chung-Ya | Progressive image transmission |
AU757717B2 (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 2003-03-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | An embedded DCT-based still image coding algorithm |
US7085425B2 (en) | 1997-09-23 | 2006-08-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Embedded DCT-based still image coding algorithm |
WO1999016250A1 (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-04-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | An embedded dct-based still image coding algorithm |
US20050008231A1 (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 2005-01-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Embedded DCT-based still image coding algorithm |
US7197190B1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2007-03-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for digital data compression |
US20050271290A1 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2005-12-08 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Lossless region of interest coding |
US6775412B1 (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2004-08-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Lossless region of interest coding |
US20040264794A1 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2004-12-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Lossless region of interest coding |
US6314207B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-11-06 | Sharewave, Inc. | Method and apparatus for digital data compression |
US6310979B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-10-30 | Sharewave, Inc. | Method and apparatus for digital data compression |
WO2000022832A1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR CODING ROIs |
US6804405B2 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2004-10-12 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and a system for coding rois |
AU765500B2 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2003-09-18 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | A method and a system for coding rois |
KR100716368B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2007-05-11 | 텔레폰악티에볼라겟엘엠에릭슨(펍) | A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR CODING ROIs |
EP1030524A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-23 | Alcatel | Method for encoding a digital image and coder |
US6853683B2 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2005-02-08 | Openvisual Inc. | Regularized dequantizer for DCT-based transform coding |
US20020106027A1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-08-08 | Samuel Moon-Ho | Regularized dequantizer for DCT-based transform coding |
US10367915B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2019-07-30 | Bradium Technologies Llc | Optimized image delivery over limited bandwidth communication channels |
US10356211B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2019-07-16 | Bradium Technologies Llc | Optimized image delivery over limited bandwidth communication channels |
US10218814B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2019-02-26 | Bradium Technologies Llc | Optimized image delivery over limited bandwidth communication channels |
US20020118224A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-08-29 | Isaac Levanon | System and methods for network image delivery with dynamic viewing frustum optimized for limited bandwidth communication channels |
US9641644B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2017-05-02 | Bradium Technologies Llc | Optimized image delivery over limited bandwidth communication channels |
US7139794B2 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2006-11-21 | 3-D-V-U Israel (2000) Ltd. | System and methods for network image delivery with dynamic viewing frustum optimized for limited bandwidth communication channels |
US7899082B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2011-03-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic broadcast and location of evolving media content with application to seminar and stroke media |
US20080040747A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2008-02-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic Broadcast and Location of Evolving Media Content with Application to Seminar and Stroke Media |
US20080040746A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2008-02-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic Broadcast and Location of Evolving Media Content with Application to Seminar and Stroke Media |
US7305011B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2007-12-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic broadcast and location of evolving media content with application to seminar and stroke media |
US9219884B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2015-12-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic broadcast and location of evolving media content with application to seminar and stroke media |
US20030028901A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2003-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Periodic broadcast and location of evolving media content with application to seminar and stroke media |
US6934337B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2005-08-23 | Intel Corporation | Video capture device and method of sending high quality video over a low data rate link |
WO2003028382A2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Intel Corporation | Video capture device and method of sending high quality video over a low data rate link |
WO2003028382A3 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-03-04 | Intel Corp | Video capture device and method of sending high quality video over a low data rate link |
US20220076380A1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2022-03-10 | Displaylink (Uk) Limited | Method of controlling encoding of display data |
US11699212B2 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2023-07-11 | Displaylink (Uk) Limited | Method of controlling encoding of display data |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4698689A (en) | Progressive image transmission | |
US5121191A (en) | Method and apparatus for coding motion pictures | |
US4821119A (en) | Method and apparatus for low bit-rate interframe video coding | |
US4541012A (en) | Video bandwidth reduction system employing interframe block differencing and transform domain coding | |
Tzou | Progressive image transmission: a review and comparison of techniques | |
CN1036303C (en) | Motion video compression system with multiresolution features | |
US5172228A (en) | Image compression method and apparatus employing distortion adaptive tree search vector quantization | |
US4816914A (en) | Method and apparatus for efficiently encoding and decoding image sequences | |
US5654706A (en) | System for variable length decoding digital transmission data which has been compressed by selecting a scanning pattern | |
US5241395A (en) | Adaptive transform coding using variable block size | |
JP2915238B2 (en) | Signal encoding method and signal encoding device | |
JP3699425B2 (en) | Image compression method and system with adaptive block size | |
EP0587783B1 (en) | Adaptive block size image compression system | |
US5255090A (en) | Progressive transmission of vector quantized data | |
EP0572638B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for encoding of data using both vector quantization and runlength encoding and using adaptive runglength encoding | |
US7082221B1 (en) | Bandwidth determination for multiple layer digital video | |
EP0734164B1 (en) | Video signal encoding method and apparatus having a classification device | |
US5714950A (en) | System for variable-length-coding and variable-length-decoding digitaldata | |
US5337085A (en) | Coding technique for high definition television signals | |
EP0491779A4 (en) | Improved image compression method and apparatus | |
EP0627859A2 (en) | Hierarchical encoding and/or decoding of digital video signals | |
Wang et al. | Reduced-difference pyramid: a data structure for progressive image transmission | |
EP0736843B1 (en) | A motion video compression system with adaptive quantisation | |
US6529551B1 (en) | Data efficient quantization table for a digital video signal processor | |
Pirsch | VLSI implementations for image communications |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GTE LABORATORIES INCORPORATED, A CORP OF DE. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TZOU, KOU-HU;REEL/FRAME:004536/0630 Effective date: 19860327 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |