US4793954A - Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents
Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4793954A US4793954A US07/086,119 US8611987A US4793954A US 4793954 A US4793954 A US 4793954A US 8611987 A US8611987 A US 8611987A US 4793954 A US4793954 A US 4793954A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasonic vibration
- thermoplastic
- shear
- die
- extrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
- B29C45/58—Details
- B29C45/585—Vibration means for the injection unit or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C2045/0098—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor shearing of the moulding material, e.g. for obtaining molecular orientation or reducing the viscosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C45/7646—Measuring, controlling or regulating viscosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/475—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pistons, accumulators or press rams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to imparting favorable processing conditions to thermoplastics when processed in an apparatus subjected to ultrasonic vibration.
- thermoplastic shearing operations such as extrusion and injection molding
- improved processing properties such as reduced viscosity, improved melt flow, and reduced pressure.
- onset of melt fracture is delayed until a higher shear rate is reached.
- present invention is also applicable to thermoplastics having fillers or reinforcing fibers therein.
- FIG. 1 is a diagramatical view showing the application of ultrasonic vibration to a thermoplastic processing apparatus.
- the vibration desirably is applied to the end portion or melt stage of the apparatus. That is, vibration is applied to the polymer contact surfaces, especially in the forming section of the apparatus.
- vibration is applied to the forming die of the apparatus.
- the die can be of any size or shape, to form a suitable article such as a ribbon or in the case of an injection molder, to form a suitable aperture from which the polymer can be injected into a mold.
- the attachment of the ultrasonic vibration creating device to the die or the shear processing apparatus can be in accordance with any conventional manner.
- the ultrasonic vibration device can be attached by a fastener, for example screws or bolts, and the like.
- the ultrasonic vibrations be applied to the apparatus substantially longitudinal to the direction of the polymer melt flow to achieve improved processing properties.
- application of the vibration in a direction transverse to the flow generally does not result in any substantial processing improvements.
- the vibrations are generally applied at an angle of 45 degrees or less, desirably 15 or 10 degrees or less to the direction of the polymer flow with approximately a nil, that is a head on or tail on angle, and preferably a few degrees, that is from about 0 or 1 to about 5 degrees.
- the application of ultrasonic vibration to the processing device and hence to the thermoplastic results in a variety of shear processing improvements.
- the tendency of various adhesive, sticky, tacky polymers which would adhere to the shearing apparatus or the die is greatly reduced.
- the viscosity of the polymer is also reduced so that the polymer flows more readily. That is, the flow rate of the polymer is improved or increased.
- the extrudate swell is also drastically reduced as is the required pressure to pump the melted polymer. Since the flow rate or throughput is generally increased, the processing temperature need not be as high and can also be reduced. The net result is a much more readily processable polymer or a shearing apparatus having improved shear processability.
- fillers and/or reinforcing agents can be added.
- various fillers such as carbon black, calcium carbonate, talc, silica, and the like
- the amount of carbon black and the silica as being from about 10% to about 20% by volume.
- Various reinforcing fibers can be added such as fiberglass, graphite, aramide, polyamide, and the like.
- up to about 30% by volume of the reinforcing fibers can be added with up to about 20% by volume being desired.
- the processed material produced by the present invention can be utilized in previously known applications.
- polyethylene can be utilized to form pipes, film, etc.
- Polystyrene can be utilized for film, air-conditioner grilles, etc.
- any shear applying apparatus can be utilized according to the present invention and such is generally shown in a schematic view as set forth in FIG. 1.
- the extrusion apparatus is generally indicated by the number 10*.
- the apparatus has a heater therein, not shown, which applies heat to a thermoplastic material 25* and melts the same.
- a plunger 15* serves to force or push the molten polymer through the shear processing apparatus through a suitable die 20*.
- the extrudate 30* generally expands upon leaving the shear processing apparatus.
- an ultrasonic vibration 40* is applied in a direction longitudinal to the flow for the thermoplastic material. As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the die in a direction extending inwardly to the apparatus at a direction essentially parallel to the extrudate flow direction.
- the experiment was conducted using an Instron Capillary Rheometer, Flow Model TTC, manufactured by Instron Engineering Corporation., Canton, Mass. A die with diameter 0.06 inch and length 0.5 inch was used. The ultrasonic vibration was applied vertically to the die exit (i.e. parallel to the flow direction), see FIG. 1.
- the basic component for ultrasonic power supply used was a Banson Model 130 or 160.
- This solid-state power supply converts conventional 50-60 Hertz electrical current into 20,000 Hertz electrical energy.
- the 20,000 Hertz electrical energy is fed to the electrostrictive converter which transforms the electrical energy into 20,000 Hertz mechanical energy.
- the 20,000 Hertz mechanical vibrations from the preconverter are focused, amplified and transmitted by a horn.
- the horn vibrates efficiently at 20,000 Hertz. This horn then transmits the ultrasonic vibration to the forming die as shown in FIG. 1.
- thermoplastic polymer evaluated was polystyrene (Gulf EC2100) having a number average molecular weight of about 50,000.
- the temperature for extrusion was 175° C.
- the shear viscosity of this polymer exhibited shear thinning characteristics.
- Extrudate Swell It is important to note that the extrudate swell (or extrudate diameter) was reduced upon the longitudinal application of ultrasonic vibration (see the attached Table). However, again, no appreciable change in extrudate diameter was observed when the ultrasonics was applied trasversely.
Abstract
Description
TABLE I __________________________________________________________________________ Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Extrusion of Polystrene The Die diameter was 0.6 inch, the length was 0.5 inch, and the extrusion temperature was 175° C. REDUCTION OF EXTRU- EXTRUDATE EXTRUSION SION PRESSURE DUE SHEAR RATE FLOW RATE ULTRASONIC DIAMETER PRESSURE TO ULTRASONIC (SEC.sup.-1) IN.sup.3 /MIN VIBRATION INCH (PSI) VIBRATIONS (%) __________________________________________________________________________ 17 0.022 No 0.078 700 -- 17 0.022 Yes 0.062 630 10 85 0.110 No 0.083 1250 -- 85 0.110 Yes 0.080 990 20 420 0.552 No Wavy 2350 -- 420 0.552 Yes Wavy 1800 23 __________________________________________________________________________
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/086,119 US4793954A (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1987-08-17 | Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration |
EP88113192A EP0303998B1 (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1988-08-13 | Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration |
DE8888113192T DE3870762D1 (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1988-08-13 | FLOW PRESSING OF THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS IN THE PRESENCE OF ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS. |
CA000574881A CA1319485C (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1988-08-16 | Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration |
JP63202807A JPH01139233A (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1988-08-16 | Thermoplastic resin product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/086,119 US4793954A (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1987-08-17 | Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4793954A true US4793954A (en) | 1988-12-27 |
Family
ID=22196400
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/086,119 Expired - Fee Related US4793954A (en) | 1987-08-17 | 1987-08-17 | Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4793954A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0303998B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01139233A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1319485C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3870762D1 (en) |
Cited By (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5039462A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-08-13 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for producing biaxially oriented polymer sheet |
US5068068A (en) * | 1988-11-24 | 1991-11-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for extrusion |
US5093050A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1992-03-03 | Laboratorium Fur Experimentelle Chirurgie | Method for producing oriented, discontinuous fiber reinforced composite materials |
US5112206A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-05-12 | Shell Oil Company | Apparatus for the resin-impregnation of fibers |
US5114633A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-05-19 | Shell Oil Company | Method for the resin-impregnation of fibers |
US5202064A (en) * | 1990-01-20 | 1993-04-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method of extrusion molding and apparatus therefor |
US5202066A (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1993-04-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method of plasticizing molding material and apparatus therefor |
US5468429A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-11-21 | Li; Tzu-Li | Ultrasound-enhanced devolatilization of thermoplastic plastics |
AU688559B2 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1998-03-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice |
WO1998026908A1 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Ibar Jean Pierre | Viscocity control for molten plastics prior to molding |
US5801106A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-09-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymeric strands with high surface area or altered surface properties |
US5803106A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-09-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic apparatus and method for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice |
US5868153A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1999-02-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid flow control apparatus and method |
US5888645A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1999-03-30 | Obtec A/S | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an article of a composite material |
US6020277A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 2000-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric strands with enhanced tensile strength, nonwoven webs including such strands, and methods for making same |
US6053424A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-04-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ultrasonically producing a spray of liquid |
US6210030B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2001-04-03 | Jean-Pierre Ibar | Method and apparatus to control viscosity of molten plastics prior to a molding operation |
US6241920B1 (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 2001-06-05 | Khamsin Technologies, Llc | Electrically optimized hybrid “last mile” telecommunications cable system |
US6270714B1 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2001-08-07 | Carbon Membranes Ltd. | Method for potting or casting inorganic hollow fiber membranes into tube sheets |
US6309570B1 (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2001-10-30 | American Equipment Systems | Vacuum extrusion system for production of cement-based articles |
US6380264B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-04-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Apparatus and method for emulsifying a pressurized multi-component liquid |
US6386748B1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2002-05-14 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the production of high viscosity paste products with added components |
US6450417B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-09-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid fuel injection apparatus and method |
US6450798B1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2002-09-17 | Avaya Technology Corp. | Apparatus for multiple cavity injection molding |
US6543700B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-04-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic unitized fuel injector with ceramic valve body |
US6629831B2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2003-10-07 | Coach Wei | Apparatus for altering the physical properties of fluids |
US20030201581A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-10-30 | Jan Weber | Ultrasonic assisted processes |
US6652788B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2003-11-25 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Quantitative continuous supplying method of columnar or square column-form pellets by action of ultrasonic waves |
US6663027B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-12-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Unitized injector modified for ultrasonically stimulated operation |
US20040138410A1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-07-15 | The University Of Akron | Ultrasound assisted process for increasing the crystallinity of slow crystallizable polymers |
US20050159527A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-21 | Jean-Pierre Ibar | Process for dispersing a thermally sensitive additive into a melt |
EP1728833A1 (en) | 2005-06-04 | 2006-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for surface treatment of polymer mouldings |
EP1910051A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-04-16 | LG Chemical Co. Ltd | Process for extruding solid state polymer using ultrasound and device therefor |
US20080088066A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2008-04-17 | Ferguson Dennis E | Method Of Molding A Microneedle |
US20080308418A1 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-12-18 | Frank Dipiazza | Adhesion of Membranes on Nitride Layer in Electrochemical Sensors by Attachment to Underlying Oxide Layer |
US20090155199A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2009-06-18 | Eilaz Babaev | Apparatus and methods for pain relief using ultrasound energized polymers |
US20090230223A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-17 | Stratek Plastic Ltd. | Process and apparatus for mixing a polymer composition and composite polymers resulting therefrom |
US20100076120A1 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2010-03-25 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Co | Method of changing rheology in filled resin systems using cavitation |
US20100159197A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-06-24 | Novative Properties Company | Ultrasonic injection molding on a web |
WO2011161467A1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Cherry Pipes Limited | Method and ultrasonic apparatus for polymer extrusion |
CN104785568A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-22 | 广东工业大学 | Hydraulic system modeling and energy consumption analysis method of extruder in extrusion process |
WO2022087266A1 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-28 | Building Machines, Inc. | Systems and methods for increasing material fluidity during transit |
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US3194855A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1965-07-13 | Aeroprojects Inc | Method of vibratorily extruding graphite |
US3233012A (en) * | 1963-04-23 | 1966-02-01 | Jr Albert G Bodine | Method and apparatus for forming plastic materials |
US3619429A (en) * | 1969-06-04 | 1971-11-09 | Yawata Welding Electrode Co | Method for the uniform extrusion coating of welding flux compositions |
SU532529A1 (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1976-10-25 | Московский Институт Химического Машиностроения | Ultrasonic processing method of polymeric materials |
SU706250A1 (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1979-12-30 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6594 | Method of making corrugated tubular articles from thermoplastic materials |
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BE788881A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1973-01-02 | Pohlman Reimar | SINTERING PROCESS OF POWDERED PLASTICS |
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-
1987
- 1987-08-17 US US07/086,119 patent/US4793954A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-08-13 DE DE8888113192T patent/DE3870762D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-13 EP EP88113192A patent/EP0303998B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-16 CA CA000574881A patent/CA1319485C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-16 JP JP63202807A patent/JPH01139233A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
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US3233012A (en) * | 1963-04-23 | 1966-02-01 | Jr Albert G Bodine | Method and apparatus for forming plastic materials |
US3619429A (en) * | 1969-06-04 | 1971-11-09 | Yawata Welding Electrode Co | Method for the uniform extrusion coating of welding flux compositions |
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Cited By (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5068068A (en) * | 1988-11-24 | 1991-11-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for extrusion |
US5202066A (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1993-04-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method of plasticizing molding material and apparatus therefor |
US5093050A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1992-03-03 | Laboratorium Fur Experimentelle Chirurgie | Method for producing oriented, discontinuous fiber reinforced composite materials |
US5039462A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1991-08-13 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for producing biaxially oriented polymer sheet |
US5202064A (en) * | 1990-01-20 | 1993-04-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Method of extrusion molding and apparatus therefor |
US5888645A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1999-03-30 | Obtec A/S | Method and apparatus for manufacturing an article of a composite material |
US5112206A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-05-12 | Shell Oil Company | Apparatus for the resin-impregnation of fibers |
US5114633A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-05-19 | Shell Oil Company | Method for the resin-impregnation of fibers |
US5468429A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-11-21 | Li; Tzu-Li | Ultrasound-enhanced devolatilization of thermoplastic plastics |
AU688559B2 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1998-03-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice |
US6395216B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-05-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonically assisted melt extrusion of fibers |
US6036467A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 2000-03-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus for ultrasonically assisted melt extrusion of fibers |
US6380264B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-04-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Apparatus and method for emulsifying a pressurized multi-component liquid |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE3870762D1 (en) | 1992-06-11 |
EP0303998A1 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
CA1319485C (en) | 1993-06-29 |
EP0303998B1 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
JPH01139233A (en) | 1989-05-31 |
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