US4793954A - Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents

Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration Download PDF

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Publication number
US4793954A
US4793954A US07/086,119 US8611987A US4793954A US 4793954 A US4793954 A US 4793954A US 8611987 A US8611987 A US 8611987A US 4793954 A US4793954 A US 4793954A
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Prior art keywords
ultrasonic vibration
thermoplastic
shear
die
extrusion
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Expired - Fee Related
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US07/086,119
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Biing-Lin Lee
Cameron Cranston
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Goodrich Corp
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BF Goodrich Corp
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Priority to US07/086,119 priority Critical patent/US4793954A/en
Assigned to B.F. GOODRICH COMPANY, THE, A CORP. OF NY reassignment B.F. GOODRICH COMPANY, THE, A CORP. OF NY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CRANSTON, CAMERON, LEE, BIING-LIN
Priority to EP88113192A priority patent/EP0303998B1/en
Priority to DE8888113192T priority patent/DE3870762D1/en
Priority to CA000574881A priority patent/CA1319485C/en
Priority to JP63202807A priority patent/JPH01139233A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4793954A publication Critical patent/US4793954A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58Details
    • B29C45/585Vibration means for the injection unit or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/14Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C2045/0098Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor shearing of the moulding material, e.g. for obtaining molecular orientation or reducing the viscosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C45/7646Measuring, controlling or regulating viscosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/475Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pistons, accumulators or press rams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16Fillers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to imparting favorable processing conditions to thermoplastics when processed in an apparatus subjected to ultrasonic vibration.
  • thermoplastic shearing operations such as extrusion and injection molding
  • improved processing properties such as reduced viscosity, improved melt flow, and reduced pressure.
  • onset of melt fracture is delayed until a higher shear rate is reached.
  • present invention is also applicable to thermoplastics having fillers or reinforcing fibers therein.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagramatical view showing the application of ultrasonic vibration to a thermoplastic processing apparatus.
  • the vibration desirably is applied to the end portion or melt stage of the apparatus. That is, vibration is applied to the polymer contact surfaces, especially in the forming section of the apparatus.
  • vibration is applied to the forming die of the apparatus.
  • the die can be of any size or shape, to form a suitable article such as a ribbon or in the case of an injection molder, to form a suitable aperture from which the polymer can be injected into a mold.
  • the attachment of the ultrasonic vibration creating device to the die or the shear processing apparatus can be in accordance with any conventional manner.
  • the ultrasonic vibration device can be attached by a fastener, for example screws or bolts, and the like.
  • the ultrasonic vibrations be applied to the apparatus substantially longitudinal to the direction of the polymer melt flow to achieve improved processing properties.
  • application of the vibration in a direction transverse to the flow generally does not result in any substantial processing improvements.
  • the vibrations are generally applied at an angle of 45 degrees or less, desirably 15 or 10 degrees or less to the direction of the polymer flow with approximately a nil, that is a head on or tail on angle, and preferably a few degrees, that is from about 0 or 1 to about 5 degrees.
  • the application of ultrasonic vibration to the processing device and hence to the thermoplastic results in a variety of shear processing improvements.
  • the tendency of various adhesive, sticky, tacky polymers which would adhere to the shearing apparatus or the die is greatly reduced.
  • the viscosity of the polymer is also reduced so that the polymer flows more readily. That is, the flow rate of the polymer is improved or increased.
  • the extrudate swell is also drastically reduced as is the required pressure to pump the melted polymer. Since the flow rate or throughput is generally increased, the processing temperature need not be as high and can also be reduced. The net result is a much more readily processable polymer or a shearing apparatus having improved shear processability.
  • fillers and/or reinforcing agents can be added.
  • various fillers such as carbon black, calcium carbonate, talc, silica, and the like
  • the amount of carbon black and the silica as being from about 10% to about 20% by volume.
  • Various reinforcing fibers can be added such as fiberglass, graphite, aramide, polyamide, and the like.
  • up to about 30% by volume of the reinforcing fibers can be added with up to about 20% by volume being desired.
  • the processed material produced by the present invention can be utilized in previously known applications.
  • polyethylene can be utilized to form pipes, film, etc.
  • Polystyrene can be utilized for film, air-conditioner grilles, etc.
  • any shear applying apparatus can be utilized according to the present invention and such is generally shown in a schematic view as set forth in FIG. 1.
  • the extrusion apparatus is generally indicated by the number 10*.
  • the apparatus has a heater therein, not shown, which applies heat to a thermoplastic material 25* and melts the same.
  • a plunger 15* serves to force or push the molten polymer through the shear processing apparatus through a suitable die 20*.
  • the extrudate 30* generally expands upon leaving the shear processing apparatus.
  • an ultrasonic vibration 40* is applied in a direction longitudinal to the flow for the thermoplastic material. As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the die in a direction extending inwardly to the apparatus at a direction essentially parallel to the extrudate flow direction.
  • the experiment was conducted using an Instron Capillary Rheometer, Flow Model TTC, manufactured by Instron Engineering Corporation., Canton, Mass. A die with diameter 0.06 inch and length 0.5 inch was used. The ultrasonic vibration was applied vertically to the die exit (i.e. parallel to the flow direction), see FIG. 1.
  • the basic component for ultrasonic power supply used was a Banson Model 130 or 160.
  • This solid-state power supply converts conventional 50-60 Hertz electrical current into 20,000 Hertz electrical energy.
  • the 20,000 Hertz electrical energy is fed to the electrostrictive converter which transforms the electrical energy into 20,000 Hertz mechanical energy.
  • the 20,000 Hertz mechanical vibrations from the preconverter are focused, amplified and transmitted by a horn.
  • the horn vibrates efficiently at 20,000 Hertz. This horn then transmits the ultrasonic vibration to the forming die as shown in FIG. 1.
  • thermoplastic polymer evaluated was polystyrene (Gulf EC2100) having a number average molecular weight of about 50,000.
  • the temperature for extrusion was 175° C.
  • the shear viscosity of this polymer exhibited shear thinning characteristics.
  • Extrudate Swell It is important to note that the extrudate swell (or extrudate diameter) was reduced upon the longitudinal application of ultrasonic vibration (see the attached Table). However, again, no appreciable change in extrudate diameter was observed when the ultrasonics was applied trasversely.

Abstract

Various processing advantages are gained when ultrasonic vibration is applied to a thermoplastic processing apparatus such as an extruder or an injection molding device. Such advantages include improved flow rate, reduced processing pressure, and consequently reduced processing temperature to mold or extrude the melted thermoplastic. The ultrasonic vibration is desirably applied to the die of the processing apparatus and in a direction longitudinal to the flow of the thermoplastic. Suitable thermoplastics include polystyrene and polyolefins.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to imparting favorable processing conditions to thermoplastics when processed in an apparatus subjected to ultrasonic vibration.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Heretofore, the use of ultrasonic vibration has been applied to a limited number of areas such as ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic non-destructive testing, signal processing, ultrasonic cavitation, ultrasonic atomization, and the like. With regard to polymers, ultrasonic vibration has been generally limited to decomposing polymers, welding plastics, and molding of polymers by creating enough friction to melt the polymer powders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an aspect of the present invention to utilize ultrasonic vibration in molten thermoplastic shearing operations such as extrusion and injection molding to realize improved processing properties such as reduced viscosity, improved melt flow, and reduced pressure. Furthermore, the onset of melt fracture is delayed until a higher shear rate is reached. The present invention is also applicable to thermoplastics having fillers or reinforcing fibers therein. In general, the aspects of the various invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagramatical view showing the application of ultrasonic vibration to a thermoplastic processing apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The various thermoplastic compositions which can be utilized in the present invention are those which have shear thinning characteristics in the presence of a shear applying apparatus so that when ultrasonic vibration is applied to the apparatus, and hence indirectly to the thermoplastic, the thermoplastic has improved flow rates and/or reduced viscosities. That is, the viscosity is reduced or lowered as the shear is increased when the thermoplastic is in a molten state. The flow throughput is thus increased as the thermoplastic is expelled from a shear processing device. The application of ultrasonic vibration does not always fully impart such desired properties to all thermoplastics. For example, polyvinyl chloride compounds and copolymers thereof and the various types of rubber compound gain little flow enhancement, etc., when subjected to ultrasonic vibration. While not fully understood, it is thought that only thermoplastic compounds which tend to adhere to the wall of the flow channel of the processing apparatus have improved processing advantages when subjected to ultrasonic vibration. Examples of such adhesive-like thermoplastics include styrenic type polymers, the various polyolefins made from monomers having a total of from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like. By the term "styrenic type polymers", it is meant that polymers such as polystyrene, poly(alphamethylstyrene), a copolymer of styrene-acryconitrile, and the like, can be utilized with polystyrene being preferred. The polymer can generally be of any molecular weight.
Various shear processing equipment or apparatus can be utilized in which shear is applied to the melt stage of the above-noted shear thinning thermoplastics. That is, any apparatus can be utilized wherein a shear thinning thermoplastic is subjected to shear. By the term "melt stage", it is meant that the thermoplastic has been heated to a temperature above its melting point and hence is molten or liquid. Such apparatus generally include injection molding machines or operations, extrusion machines or operations such as profile extrusion machines, and the like. Such machines and the operation thereof are generally known to the art as well as to the literature and hence will not be described in detail. Briefly, they generally relate to mixing and heating a thermoplastic under shear conditions such that the polymer is melted ad pushed, forced, etc., out of the apparatus through a die under pressure.
According to the concepts of the present invention, although the entire apparatus can be subjected to ultrasonic vibration, the vibration desirably is applied to the end portion or melt stage of the apparatus. That is, vibration is applied to the polymer contact surfaces, especially in the forming section of the apparatus. Preferably, vibration is applied to the forming die of the apparatus. Naturally, the die can be of any size or shape, to form a suitable article such as a ribbon or in the case of an injection molder, to form a suitable aperture from which the polymer can be injected into a mold. The attachment of the ultrasonic vibration creating device to the die or the shear processing apparatus can be in accordance with any conventional manner. Hence, the ultrasonic vibration device can be attached by a fastener, for example screws or bolts, and the like.
It is an important aspect of the present invention that the ultrasonic vibrations be applied to the apparatus substantially longitudinal to the direction of the polymer melt flow to achieve improved processing properties. In contrast, application of the vibration in a direction transverse to the flow generally does not result in any substantial processing improvements. Thus, the vibrations are generally applied at an angle of 45 degrees or less, desirably 15 or 10 degrees or less to the direction of the polymer flow with approximately a nil, that is a head on or tail on angle, and preferably a few degrees, that is from about 0 or 1 to about 5 degrees.
The application of ultrasonic vibration to the processing device and hence to the thermoplastic results in a variety of shear processing improvements. The tendency of various adhesive, sticky, tacky polymers which would adhere to the shearing apparatus or the die is greatly reduced. The viscosity of the polymer is also reduced so that the polymer flows more readily. That is, the flow rate of the polymer is improved or increased. The extrudate swell is also drastically reduced as is the required pressure to pump the melted polymer. Since the flow rate or throughput is generally increased, the processing temperature need not be as high and can also be reduced. The net result is a much more readily processable polymer or a shearing apparatus having improved shear processability. Another improved processing result is that the onset of melt fracture, that is the production of an extrudate with rough or wavy surfaces, is extended to a much higher shear rate. The important implication of this unique advantage is that the extrusion throughput with regard to maintaining smooth surfaces is increased.
Any ultrasonic vibration generating device can be utilized which emits vibration of an amplitude and frequency desired for use in the present invention. A wide range of ultrasonic frequencies can be utilized. For example, from about 10,000 to about 40,000 Hertz can be utilized with from about 15,000 to about 25,000 Hertz being desired. The mechanical amplitude of the frequency can also vary over a wide range and generally is dependent upon the type of ultrasonic vibration apparatus utilized. Generally, any ultrasonic vibration device or machine can be utilized. An example of a specific machine is a Branson Portable Spot Welder, Model GK-4, manufactured by Branson Sonic Power, Co.
The various thermoplastics of the present invention can be processed utilizing conventional processing aids, additives, compounding agents, and the like. Such compounds as well as the amounts thereof are conventional and also known to the art and to the literature and include items such as antioxidants, colorants, flame retardants, lubricants, heat stabilizers, mold release agents, plasticizers, processing aids, ultraviolet light stabilizers, and the like.
Moreover, large amounts of fillers and/or reinforcing agents can be added. For example, up to about 30% by volume of various fillers such as carbon black, calcium carbonate, talc, silica, and the like, can be added with desirably the amount of carbon black and the silica as being from about 10% to about 20% by volume. Various reinforcing fibers can be added such as fiberglass, graphite, aramide, polyamide, and the like. Generally up to about 30% by volume of the reinforcing fibers can be added with up to about 20% by volume being desired.
The processed material produced by the present invention can be utilized in previously known applications. For example, polyethylene can be utilized to form pipes, film, etc. Polystyrene can be utilized for film, air-conditioner grilles, etc.
As noted, generally any shear applying apparatus can be utilized according to the present invention and such is generally shown in a schematic view as set forth in FIG. 1. The extrusion apparatus is generally indicated by the number 10*. The apparatus has a heater therein, not shown, which applies heat to a thermoplastic material 25* and melts the same. A plunger 15* serves to force or push the molten polymer through the shear processing apparatus through a suitable die 20*. The extrudate 30* generally expands upon leaving the shear processing apparatus. In accordance with the present invention, an ultrasonic vibration 40* is applied in a direction longitudinal to the flow for the thermoplastic material. As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the die in a direction extending inwardly to the apparatus at a direction essentially parallel to the extrudate flow direction.
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following examples.
EXAMPLES
The experiment was conducted using an Instron Capillary Rheometer, Flow Model TTC, manufactured by Instron Engineering Corporation., Canton, Mass. A die with diameter 0.06 inch and length 0.5 inch was used. The ultrasonic vibration was applied vertically to the die exit (i.e. parallel to the flow direction), see FIG. 1.
The basic component for ultrasonic power supply used was a Banson Model 130 or 160. This solid-state power supply converts conventional 50-60 Hertz electrical current into 20,000 Hertz electrical energy. The 20,000 Hertz electrical energy is fed to the electrostrictive converter which transforms the electrical energy into 20,000 Hertz mechanical energy. The 20,000 Hertz mechanical vibrations from the preconverter are focused, amplified and transmitted by a horn. The horn vibrates efficiently at 20,000 Hertz. This horn then transmits the ultrasonic vibration to the forming die as shown in FIG. 1.
The thermoplastic polymer evaluated was polystyrene (Gulf EC2100) having a number average molecular weight of about 50,000. The temperature for extrusion was 175° C. The shear viscosity of this polymer exhibited shear thinning characteristics.
RESULTS
1. Extrusion Pressure: The pressure required for extrusion at a given constant flow rate was recorded in a chart recorder. It was observed that upon the application of the ultrasonic vibration as shown in FIG. 1, the pressure required for extruding the polystyrene was reduced by 10% to 23% depending on the extrusion flow rate (see the attached Table). Namely, the application of ultrasonic vibration to the exit end of a forming die appreciably improved the flow rate - pressure characteristic of extrusion. It was also noted that the transversal application of ultrasonic vibration did not reduce the pressure required to extrusion.
2. Extrudate Swell: It is important to note that the extrudate swell (or extrudate diameter) was reduced upon the longitudinal application of ultrasonic vibration (see the attached Table). However, again, no appreciable change in extrudate diameter was observed when the ultrasonics was applied trasversely.
3. Extrudate Waviness: The extrusion flow rate for practical operation should be operated at a shear rate range in which a smooth surface of extrudate could be obtained. The onset of the extrudate surface roughness is always the limitation of extrusion throughput. It was noted that upon the application of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration, the onset of extrudate surface roughness is delayed until higher flow rates are achieved. In addition to the reduction of extrusion pressure, the practical production throughput can also be increased.
                                  TABLE I                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Extrusion of Polystrene                 
The Die diameter was 0.6 inch, the length was 0.5                         
inch, and the extrusion temperature was 175° C.                    
                                        REDUCTION OF EXTRU-               
                        EXTRUDATE                                         
                                EXTRUSION                                 
                                        SION PRESSURE DUE                 
SHEAR RATE                                                                
        FLOW RATE                                                         
                ULTRASONIC                                                
                        DIAMETER                                          
                                PRESSURE                                  
                                        TO ULTRASONIC                     
(SEC.sup.-1)                                                              
        IN.sup.3 /MIN                                                     
                VIBRATION                                                 
                        INCH    (PSI)   VIBRATIONS (%)                    
__________________________________________________________________________
17      0.022   No      0.078    700    --                                
17      0.022   Yes     0.062    630    10                                
85      0.110   No      0.083   1250    --                                
85      0.110   Yes     0.080    990    20                                
420     0.552   No      Wavy    2350    --                                
420     0.552   Yes     Wavy    1800    23                                
__________________________________________________________________________
While in accordance with the patent statutes, a best mode and preferred embodiment has been set forth, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but rather by the scope of the attached claims.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A process for improving the processability of a shear thinning thermoplastic melt, comprising the steps of:
melting the shear thinning thermoplastic in a shear processing apparatus containing a die, said shear thinning thermoplastic being a styrenic type polymer or a polyolefin, said polyolefin made from monomers having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, said apparatus being an injection molding apparatus or extrusion apparatus;
applying ultrasonic vibration to said die at a frequency of 10,000 to 40,000 hertz at a substantially longitudinal flow angle of about 15 degrees or less to said shear processing apparatus whereby the shear processability of said thermoplastic is improved; and
injection molding or extruding said thermoplastic at a reduced viscosity and temperature.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said styrenic type polymer is polystyrene, wherein said polyolefin is polyethylene or polypropylene, wherein said ultrasonic vibration frequency is from about 15,000 to about 25,000 Hertz, and wherein said substantially longitudinal flow angle is about 5 degrees or less.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein said ultrasonic vibration is applied to said die at a flow angle of about 5 degrees or less.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein said shear thinning thermoplastic contains up to 30% by volume of a fiber, a filler, or combinations thereof.
US07/086,119 1987-08-17 1987-08-17 Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration Expired - Fee Related US4793954A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/086,119 US4793954A (en) 1987-08-17 1987-08-17 Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration
EP88113192A EP0303998B1 (en) 1987-08-17 1988-08-13 Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration
DE8888113192T DE3870762D1 (en) 1987-08-17 1988-08-13 FLOW PRESSING OF THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS IN THE PRESENCE OF ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS.
CA000574881A CA1319485C (en) 1987-08-17 1988-08-16 Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration
JP63202807A JPH01139233A (en) 1987-08-17 1988-08-16 Thermoplastic resin product

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US07/086,119 US4793954A (en) 1987-08-17 1987-08-17 Shear processing thermoplastics in the presence of ultrasonic vibration

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EP (1) EP0303998B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01139233A (en)
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DE (1) DE3870762D1 (en)

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US5068068A (en) * 1988-11-24 1991-11-26 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for extrusion
US5093050A (en) * 1989-11-17 1992-03-03 Laboratorium Fur Experimentelle Chirurgie Method for producing oriented, discontinuous fiber reinforced composite materials
US5112206A (en) * 1991-05-16 1992-05-12 Shell Oil Company Apparatus for the resin-impregnation of fibers
US5114633A (en) * 1991-05-16 1992-05-19 Shell Oil Company Method for the resin-impregnation of fibers
US5202064A (en) * 1990-01-20 1993-04-13 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Method of extrusion molding and apparatus therefor
US5202066A (en) * 1989-04-25 1993-04-13 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Method of plasticizing molding material and apparatus therefor
US5468429A (en) * 1994-04-15 1995-11-21 Li; Tzu-Li Ultrasound-enhanced devolatilization of thermoplastic plastics
AU688559B2 (en) * 1994-06-23 1998-03-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method and apparatus for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice
WO1998026908A1 (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Ibar Jean Pierre Viscocity control for molten plastics prior to molding
US5801106A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-09-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Polymeric strands with high surface area or altered surface properties
US5803106A (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-09-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ultrasonic apparatus and method for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice
US5868153A (en) * 1995-12-21 1999-02-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ultrasonic liquid flow control apparatus and method
US5888645A (en) * 1990-09-14 1999-03-30 Obtec A/S Method and apparatus for manufacturing an article of a composite material
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US6309570B1 (en) * 1998-01-14 2001-10-30 American Equipment Systems Vacuum extrusion system for production of cement-based articles
US6270714B1 (en) * 1998-02-26 2001-08-07 Carbon Membranes Ltd. Method for potting or casting inorganic hollow fiber membranes into tube sheets
US6629831B2 (en) * 1999-04-16 2003-10-07 Coach Wei Apparatus for altering the physical properties of fluids
US6210030B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-04-03 Jean-Pierre Ibar Method and apparatus to control viscosity of molten plastics prior to a molding operation
US6386748B1 (en) * 1999-09-20 2002-05-14 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Method and apparatus for the production of high viscosity paste products with added components
US6652788B1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2003-11-25 Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. Quantitative continuous supplying method of columnar or square column-form pellets by action of ultrasonic waves
US6450798B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2002-09-17 Avaya Technology Corp. Apparatus for multiple cavity injection molding
US6543700B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2003-04-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ultrasonic unitized fuel injector with ceramic valve body
US6663027B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2003-12-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Unitized injector modified for ultrasonically stimulated operation
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US20050159527A1 (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-07-21 Jean-Pierre Ibar Process for dispersing a thermally sensitive additive into a melt
US7468404B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2008-12-23 Stratek Plastic Ltd. Process for dispersing a thermally sensitive additive into a melt
US8821779B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2014-09-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of molding a microneedle
US8246893B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2012-08-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of molding a microneedle
US20080088066A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2008-04-17 Ferguson Dennis E Method Of Molding A Microneedle
US8088321B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2012-01-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of molding a microneedle
EP1728833A1 (en) 2005-06-04 2006-12-06 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for surface treatment of polymer mouldings
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EP1910051A4 (en) * 2005-07-29 2010-10-13 Lg Chemical Ltd Process for extruding solid state polymer using ultrasound and device therefor
EP1910051A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2008-04-16 LG Chemical Co. Ltd Process for extruding solid state polymer using ultrasound and device therefor
US20080308418A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2008-12-18 Frank Dipiazza Adhesion of Membranes on Nitride Layer in Electrochemical Sensors by Attachment to Underlying Oxide Layer
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US20090155199A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2009-06-18 Eilaz Babaev Apparatus and methods for pain relief using ultrasound energized polymers
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US20100159197A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2010-06-24 Novative Properties Company Ultrasonic injection molding on a web
US8236231B2 (en) 2007-06-20 2012-08-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Ultrasonic injection molding on a web
US8449807B2 (en) 2007-06-20 2013-05-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Ultrasonic injection molding on both sides of a web
US8637136B2 (en) 2007-06-20 2014-01-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Articles injection molded on a web
US8313051B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2012-11-20 Sealed Air Corporation (Us) Process and apparatus for mixing a polymer composition and composite polymers resulting therefrom
US20090230223A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-17 Stratek Plastic Ltd. Process and apparatus for mixing a polymer composition and composite polymers resulting therefrom
WO2011161467A1 (en) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-29 Cherry Pipes Limited Method and ultrasonic apparatus for polymer extrusion
CN104785568A (en) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-22 广东工业大学 Hydraulic system modeling and energy consumption analysis method of extruder in extrusion process
WO2022087266A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-28 Building Machines, Inc. Systems and methods for increasing material fluidity during transit
CN114749501A (en) * 2022-03-11 2022-07-15 山东泰丰钢业有限公司 Ultrasonic cold extrusion device and extrusion process for bimetal composite material

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EP0303998A1 (en) 1989-02-22
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EP0303998B1 (en) 1992-05-06
JPH01139233A (en) 1989-05-31

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