US5420973A - Abridgment of text-based display information - Google Patents
Abridgment of text-based display information Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5420973A US5420973A US07/999,199 US99919992A US5420973A US 5420973 A US5420973 A US 5420973A US 99919992 A US99919992 A US 99919992A US 5420973 A US5420973 A US 5420973A
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0435—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/247—Telephone sets including user guidance or feature selection means facilitating their use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/247—Telephone sets including user guidance or feature selection means facilitating their use
- H04M1/2478—Telephone terminals specially adapted for non-voice services, e.g. email, internet access
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/26—Devices for calling a subscriber
- H04M1/27—Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously
- H04M1/274—Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously with provision for storing more than one subscriber number at a time, e.g. using toothed disc
- H04M1/2745—Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously with provision for storing more than one subscriber number at a time, e.g. using toothed disc using static electronic memories, e.g. chips
- H04M1/27453—Directories allowing storage of additional subscriber data, e.g. metadata
Definitions
- This invention relates to a technique for abridging strings of alphanumeric characters, and more particularly, to developing a character string that can best convey a particular meaning when the string is abridged to different lengths so that the resulting abridged versions of the string will fit on displays having different lengths.
- ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
- softkeys which, as is well known, are buttons that are each associated with a display label that displays an alphanumeric character string indicative of the meaning of the associated button at any particular time.
- Such an arrangement permits the meaning of the buttons to be changed to best suit the particular context in which the button is being used at any particular time.
- the meaning of any button and the string that should be displayed on its corresponding display label are specified by a telephone switch in a telephone central office to which the set is connected.
- One prior art method to specify such strings to an ISDN telephone set is to fix within the ISDN telephone set itself the best version of each string to be displayed on its particular display label length.
- the central office sends messages indicating which meaning should be given to each button at any time and the station set retrieves and displays the corresponding stored string.
- Another approach is to have each ISDN telephone set identify itself by a particular classmark that indicates its capabilities, including its display label length, to the central office. Once it has the classmark, the central office knows enough information about the display label lengths of the set so that it can send strings of appropriate length for display.
- a message containing an indication of the string to display should be conveyed to the ISDN telephone set by the central office while making the station set responsible for insuring that a meaningful string is displayed within the display label without prestoring all possible strings.
- the prior art requires that a maximum length string, corresponding in length to a maximum label length, be developed for each meaning and conveyed, at the proper time, from the central office to an ISDN telephone set. Any station set that receives the string and cannot display it in its entirety abridges it to fit within its particular label length.
- One simple abridgment method is truncation, wherein all the characters that fit on the label, starting with the leftmost one, are displayed and any characters that are further to the right than the last displayable character are simply dropped. This is less than ideal because, generally, it is not possible to arrange a string of characters in such a way that it will read well regardless of how much of its rightmost portion is truncated. For example, the term “Auto Callback” using truncation for a label length of 8 characters would be "Auto Cal” (since spaces count as characters on a display).
- the message may further include one or more supplementary characters each also tagged with a priority indicator, and the abridged version of the string for a particular priority level includes not only the characters selected as aforesaid, but also any supplementary characters whose priority indicator has that particular value.
- such a tagged string from which may be extracted several different length strings each conveying the same meaning, is developed by a) setting the value of a current priority variable to the maximum priority level, b) selecting a shortest length string of the plurality the characters of which have not all been incorporated into the tagged string as the current string, c) selecting a character of the current string that is not found in the string that was processed for incorporation into the tagged string immediately prior to the current string, d) adding the selected character to the tagged string and e) setting the value of the priority indicator for the just added character to the value of the current priority value. Steps (c) through (e) are repeated until all of the characters of the current string are incorporated into the tagged string. Upon completion of the processing of all of the characters in the current string, the value of the current priority variable is decreased. The process is repeated, except for the setting of the current priority level, until all strings have been incorporated into the tagged string.
- each character of the tagged string also has associated therewith a supplement indicator.
- a supplement indicator is set if the selected character is not in all strings having a length greater than the current string when the current string is not the longest string.
- FIG. 1 shows a flowchart for developing a message which is a tagged swing from which can be abridged different length swings which each convey the same meaning, in accordance with the principles of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a method, for use by a station set for abridging a received tagged string to develop a swing that can be displayed within the number of characters available at the station set, for displaying the message received in S tagged ;
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary ISDN telephone system arrangement in which messages, including ones containing a tagged string S tagged , are exchanged for the purpose of causing labels on ISDN telephone sets to convey a particular meaning.
- Table 1 shows an exemplary tagged string S tagged in which each character has an associated priority indicator and an associated supplement indicator. Each priority indicator has a numeric value. Each supplement indicator has one of the two values "set”, or S, and "clear”, or C. Characters of the tagged string can be selectively deleted so as to yield one of four different length abridged swings each conveying the meaning "Auto Callback", in accordance with the principles of the invention.
- the four abridged swings are a) "Auto Callback", b) "Callback”, c) "CallBk", and d) "ACB".
- S tagged may be developed is described further below.
- S tagged is abridged to develop any of the four swings by selecting from S tagged and retaining a) all characters having a priority indicator value equal to or greater than a particular priority value for which the supplement indicator is cleared, i.e., not set, and b) those characters whose priority value is equal to the particular priority value and whose supplement indicator is set. All the other characters are deleted.
- the abridged string is "ACB" which is derived from S tagged by selecting 1) the first "A”, which has a priority indicator value of 3 and a set supplement indicator; 2) "C”, having a priority indicator value of 3 and a clear supplement indicator, and 3) the second "B", which has a priority indicator value of 3 and a set supplement indicator.
- ACB abridged string
- the abridged string derived from S tagged is "CallBk” made up of 1) "Call”, each character of which has a priority indicator whose value is greater than or equal to 2 and a clear supplement indicator; 2) the first "B”, which has a priority indicator value of 2 and a set supplement indicator; and 3) "k” which has a priority indicator value of 2 and a clear supplement indicator.
- FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an exemplary process for developing a tagged string S tagged such is that shown in Table 1 in accordance with the principles of the invention. Attention is first directed, however, to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary process, for use by a station set, for abridging a received tagged string S tagged to develop a string that can be displayed within the number of characters available at the station set in order to display the message received in S tagged .
- each character has an overall priority indicator that is a combination of the priority and supplement indicators in the form of a signed number whose magnitude is the priority indicator and whose sign is the supplement indicator with +(-) indicating a non-set (set) indicator associated with a non-supplementary (supplementary) character.
- step 201 upon receipt of S tagged .
- step 203 P, a variable indicating a current "candidate" priority value, is set to P min , the lowest priority value, e.g. 0. It is noted that the lower the priority value used, the longer will be the resulting string.
- step 207 a candidate abridged string for display is developed using the characters selected in step 205. The characters are arranged in the same order that they appeared in S tagged .
- conditional branch point 209 tests to determine if the length of the candidate abridged string is less than or equal to the length of the display on which the string is to be displayed. If the test result in step 209 is YES, indicating that the candidate abridged string will fit on the display, control passes to step 211 and the candidate abridged string is displayed. The process is then exited in step 213. If the test result in step 209 is NO, indicating that the candidate abridged string will not fit on the display, control passes to step 215, in which the candidate priority value P is incremented. Control then passes back to step 205 and the process continues as described above to develop a new candidate abridged string.
- each of the abridged strings e.g., in the above example a) "Auto Callback", b) “Callback”, c) "CallBk”, and d) "ACB"-must be known.
- the abridged strings should be selected by a human factors analyst so that each best conveys the intended meaning for a string of its particular display length.
- the strings selected to be incorporated into each string S tagged are processed together as a set.
- the string is said to be removed from the set. All strings that have characters that must still be incorporated into S tagged are said to remain in the set.
- the priority indicator and the supplement indicator are combined to produce an overall priority indicator, which is a signed number, i.e., a number having a magnitude and a sign bit that indicates if the number is positive or negative.
- the magnitude of the signed number is used as the priority indicator and the setting of the supplement indicator is represented by setting the sign bit, which makes the overall priority indicator for supplement characters a negative value.
- the clearing of the supplement indicator is represented by clearing the sign bit, which makes the priority indicator for supplement characters an overall positive value.
- step 101 The process is entered in step 101 when a string for transmission is to be constructed.
- P a temporary variable indicating a priority value to currently be used as the value of the priority indicators of the characters to be next processed, is set to P max , the highest priority value.
- the priority values range from 0, the lowest, to P max , the highest, which is equal to the number of selected strings minus one.
- S the string currently being incorporated into tagged string S tagged is set to the shortest remaining string in the set.
- step 107 the first character C from one end, e.g., leftmost, is selected that either 1) is not found in the string immediately previously removed from the set, or 2) is not found in the maximum length abridged string, S 0 .
- C is then added to the character portion of S tagged , in step 109, to the right of any characters that are to the left of C's position in S that have already been added to S tagged .
- Conditional branch point 111 tests to determine a) if C is present in all the other strings that are still in the set, which are all longer than current string S, or b) if S is identical to S 0 . If the test result in step 111 is YES, thus indicating that character C is not a supplementary character, control passes to step 113, in which the overall priority indicator of character C is set to the value of P, the current priority value. Thus, the character is marked for deletion with a priority value of P, in accordance with the principles of the invention. If the test result in step 111 is NO, this indicates that character C is an "supplementary character", i.e., one that would not be available for deletion from the string in the set next longer than S.
- step 117 The test result in step 117 is NO, because there remains in S the characters "CB" that have not yet been processed. Therefore, control passes to step 119 in which the next unprocessed character remaining in S, "C", is selected as C, the current character to be processed.
- step 115 places a value of -3 in the overall priority indicator for "B" in S tagged .
- the test result in step 117 is YES, because all the characters of S that have been processed. Therefore, control passes to step 121 which decrements the current priority level P to a new value of 2. Because 2 is greater than 0, the test result in step 123 is NO, and control passes to step 125, which removes "ACB" from the set.
- S is set to "CallBk", the shortest remaining abridgment, in step 105.
- C the leftmost character of "CallBk”
- the character portion of S tagged now contains "ACaB". Since "a” is in “Auto Callback” and "Callback"-the strings remaining in the set that are longer than the current string "CallBk”-the test result in conditional branch point 111 is YES, control passes to step 113.
- step 105 the only abridgment remaining in the set, which is also the maximum length string S 0 , in step 105. Since the next character "A" was not in the previously processed string “Callback", it is selected as C in step 107 and is added to character portion of S tagged in step 109. The character portion of S tagged now contains "AACallBBback". Since the current string S is also the maximum length string S 0 , the test result in conditional branch point 111 is YES, and control passes to step 113, which places a value of 0 in the overall priority indicator for "A". The test result in step 117 is NO, because characters "uto Callback" remain in S and have not yet been processed. Therefore, control passes to step 119, in which the next character in S, "u”, is selected as C, the current character to be processed.
- step 127 The process continues as described, adding characters "uto" to S tagged , each having an overall priority indicator value of 0.
- P is decrement in step 121 its value becomes -1. Therefore, the test result in step 123 is YES and the process exits via step 127.
- Table 3 shows only the tag portion of S tagged as it might appear in an ISDN message.
- the escape code and escape type fields combine to indicate that the following information is tag information and the length field indicates that there are 6 octets of tag information.
- the tag information of the overall priority indicators is that from Table 2 arranged by scanning the octets from left to right and placing each octet scanned below the previously scanned one.
- ISDN links 319, 329 carry messages between central office 301 and ISDN telephone sets 311,321.
- Exemplary messages passing over ISDN links 319, 329, depicted in FIG. 3, include a) ready messages 3191, 3291, e.g., messages indicating that the ISDN set is available to communicate with the central office, and b) messages including tagged strings S tagged 3192, 3292, e.g., messages that specify a meaning and for which ISDN telephone sets 311,321 should display a string that best conveys that meaning in one of display labels 315, 325.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 __________________________________________________________________________ S.sub.tagged __________________________________________________________________________ characters A A u t o C a l l B B b a c k priority 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 supplement S C C C C C C C C C S S C C C C __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________ characters A C B priority 3 3 3 supplement S C S ______________________________________
______________________________________ characters C a l l B k priority 3 2 2 2 2 2 supplement C C C C S C ______________________________________
______________________________________ characters C a l l b a c k priority 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 supplement C C C C C C C C ______________________________________
______________________________________ charac- A u t o C a l l b a c k terspriority 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 supple- C C C C C C C C C C C C C ment ______________________________________
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ characters A A u t o C a l l B B b a c k sign - + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Priority 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2sign 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1priority 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 (binary) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ bit position 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ______________________________________escape code 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1escape type 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 length = 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0priority 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1indicators 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 ______________________________________
Claims (6)
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US07/999,199 US5420973A (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1992-12-31 | Abridgment of text-based display information |
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US07/999,199 US5420973A (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1992-12-31 | Abridgment of text-based display information |
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US5420973A true US5420973A (en) | 1995-05-30 |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0767566A2 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-04-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and circuit for controlling a display device for visual information |
EP0768784A2 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 1997-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit arrangement for displaying information characterising the status of the switching network |
US5767825A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1998-06-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Abridgment of text-based display information |
US6260060B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2001-07-10 | Motorola Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing a message preview mode in a messaging unit |
US20030236668A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-12-25 | Elisa Gavieiro-Villatte | Process and device for devising an abridged form of any term that is used in an alarm message intended to be displayed on a screen of the cockpit of an aircraft |
US20050149376A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2005-07-07 | Accenture Llp | Component based interface to handle tasks during claim processing |
US20070100669A1 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-03 | Accenture Global Services Gmbh | Collaborative intelligent task processor for insurance claims |
US7617240B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2009-11-10 | Accenture Llp | Component based task handling during claim processing |
US7979382B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2011-07-12 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Component based information linking during claim processing |
US20110313756A1 (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-22 | Connor Robert A | Text sizer (TM) |
US8126742B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2012-02-28 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Automated assignment of insurable events |
US8478769B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2013-07-02 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Conversational question generation system adapted for an insurance claim processing system |
US8515786B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2013-08-20 | Accenture Global Services Gmbh | Rule generation system adapted for an insurance claim processing system |
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-
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US4307859A (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1981-12-29 | Japanese National Railways | Automatic message announcement system |
US4773039A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1988-09-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Information processing system for compaction and replacement of phrases |
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Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5767825A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1998-06-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Abridgment of text-based display information |
EP0767566A2 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-04-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and circuit for controlling a display device for visual information |
EP0767566A3 (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 2003-01-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and circuit for controlling a display device for visual information |
EP0768784A2 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 1997-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit arrangement for displaying information characterising the status of the switching network |
EP0768784A3 (en) * | 1995-10-09 | 2003-01-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit arrangement for displaying information characterising the status of the switching network |
US6260060B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2001-07-10 | Motorola Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing a message preview mode in a messaging unit |
US7617240B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2009-11-10 | Accenture Llp | Component based task handling during claim processing |
US20050149376A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2005-07-07 | Accenture Llp | Component based interface to handle tasks during claim processing |
US8224859B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2012-07-17 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Component based information linking during claim processing |
US7979382B2 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2011-07-12 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Component based information linking during claim processing |
US7584091B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2009-09-01 | Airbus France | Process and device for devising an abridged form of any term that is used in an alarm message intended to be displayed on a screen of the cockpit of an aircraft |
US20030236668A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-12-25 | Elisa Gavieiro-Villatte | Process and device for devising an abridged form of any term that is used in an alarm message intended to be displayed on a screen of the cockpit of an aircraft |
US8126742B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2012-02-28 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Automated assignment of insurable events |
US20110178825A1 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2011-07-21 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Collaborative intelligent task processor for insurance claims |
US7933786B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2011-04-26 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Collaborative intelligent task processor for insurance claims |
US8180668B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2012-05-15 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Collaborative intelligent task processor for insurance claims |
US20070100669A1 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-03 | Accenture Global Services Gmbh | Collaborative intelligent task processor for insurance claims |
US8401896B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2013-03-19 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Automated task processor for insurance claims |
US8478769B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2013-07-02 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Conversational question generation system adapted for an insurance claim processing system |
US8515786B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2013-08-20 | Accenture Global Services Gmbh | Rule generation system adapted for an insurance claim processing system |
US20110313756A1 (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-22 | Connor Robert A | Text sizer (TM) |
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