US5827209A - Intelligent body support - Google Patents
Intelligent body support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5827209A US5827209A US08/755,199 US75519996A US5827209A US 5827209 A US5827209 A US 5827209A US 75519996 A US75519996 A US 75519996A US 5827209 A US5827209 A US 5827209A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- support
- body joint
- sensors
- movement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4528—Joints
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1121—Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1126—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb using a particular sensing technique
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/01—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
- A61F5/0102—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
- A61F5/012—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations inflatable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/486—Bio-feedback
Definitions
- This invention relates to body joint supports and more particularly to supports utilized to limit joint movement as a preventative against joint injury or as part of treatment for an injured joint.
- Body joint supports for the wrist, back, elbow, knee, and other joints are commonly used for providing comfort, completely or partially immobilizing an injured body part while healing, and other cosmetic and orthopedic reasons.
- the design and availability of various types of supports have come about to meet these various needs.
- Supports may be designed for use as either a corrective or preventative measure.
- a typical corrective support is similar to a cast--immobilizing an injured joint during the healing process.
- the majority of supports available today are designed for use as a corrective measure.
- a typical preventative support may transmit stresses in the user's body from one body region to another such as from the lumbar area to the pelvic area. This transfer may be accomplished by an arrangement of specially designed stays or plates located within the support.
- a support of this design allows the wearer to perform required occupational functions or other functions which include twisting or bending of the body.
- Pain is the body's natural feedback warning signal to alert a person to movements that exceed that body's tolerance and may result in injury.
- a person may suffer debilitating consequences from the cumulative effects of repetitive stresses from movements during which the person does not feel any pain.
- the supports may, during use, fail to prevent movement that is in excess of what is safely tolerable for the particular person.
- the user does not have ready access to quantitative analysis of the joint stress being experienced.
- joint injury from the cumulative effects of stress can result unknowingly.
- a primary object of this instant invention is a system to automatically adjust the support provided by a body support while in use based upon the relative level of stress in a particular body joint due to ongoing movement.
- Another object of this invention is a system to automatically control the relative level of stress in a particular body joint.
- Still another object of this invention is a system to automatically maintain the level of stress in a particular body joint within a range established by a medical professional.
- this invention is an automatic feedback and adjustment setup integrally connected to a body joint support.
- the support may be of the flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid type.
- the support contains one or more inflatable/deflatable bladders, each bladder individually controlled by a hydraulic pump.
- Sensors embedded in the support monitor muscle activity (EMG) and transmit those electronic measurements to a microprocessor which processes the measurements according to one of a variety of prestored algorithms. The result of this processing is compared to preset minimum and maximum levels. The inflation level of each bladder is then automatically adjusted by activating the hydraulic pumps to keep the calculated level between these preset minimum and maximum.
- EMG muscle activity
- the combination of support, bladders, sensors, microprocessor, comparison device, and hydraulic pumps creates a closed-looped biofeedback system for controlling the degree of joint stress the person is experiencing while wearing the support. Thus, the likelihood of joint, muscular, or soft tissue damage can be minimized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the body support and automatic adjustment system for an arm elbow joint.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the body support shown in FIG. 1 along line A--A.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart schematically illustrating an algorithm carried out by the microprocessor in the system shown in FIG. 1.
- this invention comprises a body joint support system 1 for use with a body joint such as a wrist, spine, elbow ankle, or knee.
- the support system 1 comprises a joint support 2 and an automatic feedback and control system 3 for controlling the level of support provided by the support 2 based upon the extent of motion through which the user is putting the supported joint.
- the support 2 can be of the flexible, semi-flexible, or rigid variety; these varieties are well-known in the prior art.
- a typical support material is elastic.
- the actual design of a support varies depending upon the joint for which that support is intended. However, the basic features for all supports are very similar and a single representative support can be used to describe the structure and workings of all the supports.
- the automatic feedback and control system 3 comprises one or more sensors 31 that are removably placed within the support 2, just beneath the surface of the support which makes contact with the user's joint.
- Sensors 31 may advantageously comprise any prior art sensor and, in particular, preferably comprise sensors that measure muscle activity using surface electrodes and solid state amplifiers to amplify the signals obtained from these surface electrodes.
- the sensors 31 may be selected from one or more of the well-known sensor types that measure skin pressure (e.g. pressure exerted on the skin, or exerted by the skin on the support), joint motion, strain, and joint velocity and the like.
- each of the pressure sensors 31 is a Force Sensing Resistor available from Interlink Electronics, Santa Barbara, Calif. These devices are polymer thick film devices which exhibit a decreasing resistance when an increasing force is applied in a direction normal to the device surface.
- the feedback system 3 further comprises one or more inflatable/deflatable bladders 21 that are integral with the support 2.
- These bladders 21 are preferably similar to the well-known bladders used in blood pressure cuffs, but whose shape and number are dictated by the particular joint being supported.
- the bladders 21 are individually connected to air pumps 22 so that each bladder 21 can be independently inflated or deflated as needed.
- the pumps 22 are completely portable, so that the user's movement is not restricted to a particular physical area.
- Such pumps 22 are well-known in the prior art.
- the remainder of the feedback system 3 includes a multiplexer 32, an interface 33, an analog-to-digital converter 34, a microprocessor 35, and pump signal lines 351.
- the multiplexer 32 connects a signal 311 from any one of the sensors 31 to the interface 33.
- the sequence in which the sensors 31 are to be interrogated is transmitted from the microprocessor 35 to the interface 33.
- Analog signals 311 from the multiplexer 32 are transmitted through the interface 33 to the analog-to-digital converter 34 wherein the signals 311 from the sensors 31 are converted to digital form and transmitted to the microprocessor 35 which stores these signal values in memory. All of these components are well-known in the prior art.
- the first step of the stress indication process is to interrogate the sensors 31 (box 101) to obtain data representative of the actual movement of the supported joint. Because the stress indication output operates continually, this data may be time averaged, filtered, or subjected to root-mean-square analysis before producing output (box 103). Thus, the second step of the process is to interrogate the microprocessor control panel 36 (box 102) to determine whether the user or medical professional has selected any of these options.
- the microprocessor 35 may evaluate a more complex algorithm. For example, an actual stress level of a joint may be set equal to a linear combination of a variety of the different sensor measurements previously mentioned and/or a variety of the available output forms previously mentioned. When a linear combination of such values, representing a joint stress level, is obtained, the microprocessor 35 compares this joint stress level to an preset acceptable stress level range. The microprocessor 35 then provides output over the pump signal lines 351 to control the pumps 22 (boxes 105, 106).
- the microprocessor 35 receives from the sensors 31 data representative of the actual motion of the joint (for example, extent, speed, torsion, or flexion). This data is processed by the microprocessor 35 and, in response to this data, the microprocessor 35 determines whether the processed data reflects a value that is within preset acceptable limits (boxes 104, 105). If the limits have been exceeded, the microprocessor 35 activates the air pumps 22 inflating or deflating individual bladders 21, as needed (box 106). In this manner, as the user moves the supported joint, the amount of support is constantly adjusted based upon the then current state of the joint, thereby maintaining the stress on the joint within these preset acceptable limits and avoiding potential injuries to the joint.
- a medical professional determines an acceptable range of motion or stress that the particular body joint can tolerate to minimize the risk of injury due to cumulative stress exposure of that joint. This range can be derived based on conventional statistical techniques or in other ways well-known in the prior art, and may be adjusted for the individual user.
- that acceptable motion or stress range is entered into the microprocessor 35 via the microprocessor control panel 36 or by some other well-known method.
- Analysis forms preferably include instantaneous readings, time-averaged, root-mean square, and filtered; all of these forms are well-known in the prior art.
- the user next attaches the support 2 around the body joint and begins to move the joint.
- Each sensor 31 responds to the movement by detecting the activity corresponding to its intended purpose and producing a corresponding analog signal 311.
- the analog signals 311 produced by all the sensors 31 are then passed through an amplifier (not shown). These amplified signals are then sent to a microprocessor 35 via the pathway established by the multiplexer 32, interface 33, and an analog-to-digital converter 34. By the end of the pathway, the analog signals 311 have been converted into digital signals. This conversion process is well-known in the prior art. These digital signals then enter the microprocessor 35.
- the microprocessor 35 utilizes the digital signals as follows. First, the microprocessor 35 polls the control panel 36 to see which output form has been chosen. The microprocessor 35 then processes the digital signals, utilizing well-known microprocessor algorithms, to produce the chosen analysis form. The microprocessor 35 then begins the polling-processing process anew; thereby producing a continual analysis stream.
- the microprocessor 35 now determines if at any instant, the analysis stream is within desired limits. If so, no action occurs. If not, the microprocessor 35, via signals over the lines 351, activates the pumps 22 that inflate and/or deflate individual bladders 21 to adjust the stress on the supported joint.
- a closed-loop feedback system is established comprising (a) the support 2; (b) the bladders 21; (c) the pumps 22; (d) the sensors 31; (e) the microprocessor 35; and (f) the pump control lines 351, which close the loop.
- bladders 21 and pumps 22 may be replaced with other combinations of mechanical stiffening devices, which are well-known in the prior art.
- the need to use bladders 21 and pumps 22 may be completely eliminated if the support 2 comprises a material whose stiffness is changeable through the application of electrical signals or fields; in this instance, the lines 351 would simply run directly from the microprocessor 35 to the support 2.
- the static preset limits on joint stress may be replaced with a more complex program that changes these limits with respect to elapsed time, cumulative stress, or other dynamic variables.
- the microprocessor 35 further comprise downloading means to allow for easy entry of the limit-calculating program; such downloading means are well-known in the prior art.
Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/755,199 US5827209A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1996-11-25 | Intelligent body support |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US31209394A | 1994-09-23 | 1994-09-23 | |
US08/755,199 US5827209A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1996-11-25 | Intelligent body support |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US31209394A Continuation | 1994-09-23 | 1994-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5827209A true US5827209A (en) | 1998-10-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/755,199 Expired - Fee Related US5827209A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1996-11-25 | Intelligent body support |
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US (1) | US5827209A (en) |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6273863B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2001-08-14 | Andante Medical Devices, Ltd. | Adaptive weight bearing monitoring system for rehabilitation of injuries to the lower extremities |
US6540707B1 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 2003-04-01 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Orthoses |
US20040015158A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-22 | To-Mu Chen | Transilluminator device |
EP1410780A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-04-21 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Torque imparting system |
US6726642B2 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2004-04-27 | Barbro Danielsson | Device for compression of the lower extremities for medical imaging purposes |
WO2005002436A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-13 | Queensland University Of Technology | Motion monitoring and analysis system |
US20050043660A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-02-24 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Orthoses |
US6872187B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2005-03-29 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Orthoses for joint rehabilitation |
US20080161731A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Woods Sherrod A | Apparatus, system, and method for monitoring the range of motion of a patient's joint |
US7416537B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2008-08-26 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Rehabilitative orthoses |
US20090024062A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-22 | Palmi Einarsson | Wearable device having feedback characteristics |
US20110230806A1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-22 | Edmond Hok Ming Lou | Apparatus and Method for Monitoring and Active Correction of Orthosis to Body Pressure Inside of An Orthosis |
US20110288448A1 (en) * | 2009-01-27 | 2011-11-24 | University Of Washington | Prosthetic limb monitoring system |
US20110301519A1 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-08 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Orthopedic adjustment device |
US8083741B2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2011-12-27 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Orthopaedic implant with sensors |
US20120150086A1 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | Cohen Donald M | Auto-Accommodating Therapeutic Brace |
US20120238914A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-09-20 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Actively controlled orthotic devices |
US8308794B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2012-11-13 | IZEK Technologies, Inc. | Instrumented implantable stents, vascular grafts and other medical devices |
US8491572B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2013-07-23 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Instrumented orthopedic and other medical implants |
US8753300B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-06-17 | Covidien Lp | Compression garment apparatus having baseline pressure |
US8758282B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-06-24 | Covidien Lp | Compression garment apparatus having support bladder |
US20140180171A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Elwha Llc | Gait-responsive active torso support |
US20140180186A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Elwha Llc | Posture-dependent active torso support |
US8801643B2 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2014-08-12 | Covidien Lp | Compression garment assembly |
US20140364784A1 (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-11 | Elwha Llc | Time-based control of active toso support |
US20150119679A1 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-30 | Inventec Corporation | Health monitor |
US20150141886A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-05-21 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Muscular strength assisting apparatuses and methods of controlling the same |
US9345609B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2016-05-24 | Elwha Llc | Position sensing active torso support |
US9433532B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2016-09-06 | Covidien Lp | Tubeless compression device |
US20170014255A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Lori Booker | Just Correct Alignment (JCA) Device |
CN106725466A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of bow-backed alarm set and based reminding method based on surface myoelectric technology |
CN106821390A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of bow-backed alarm set and based reminding method based on muscle signals detection |
US9872812B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-01-23 | Kpr U.S., Llc | Residual pressure control in a compression device |
US10071011B2 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2018-09-11 | Kpr U.S., Llc | Compression garment inflation |
US10314733B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2019-06-11 | Elwha Llc | Sensor-based control of active wearable system |
RU223213U1 (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-02-07 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Device for monitoring the functional state of the human knee joint |
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Cited By (58)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6540707B1 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 2003-04-01 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Orthoses |
US6872187B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2005-03-29 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Orthoses for joint rehabilitation |
US8678979B2 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2014-03-25 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Remote monitoring of a patient |
US9230057B2 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2016-01-05 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Remote monitoring of a patient |
US8790258B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2014-07-29 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Remote psychological evaluation |
US7416537B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2008-08-26 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Rehabilitative orthoses |
US6273863B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2001-08-14 | Andante Medical Devices, Ltd. | Adaptive weight bearing monitoring system for rehabilitation of injuries to the lower extremities |
US6726642B2 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2004-04-27 | Barbro Danielsson | Device for compression of the lower extremities for medical imaging purposes |
US20040158175A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-08-12 | Yasushi Ikeuchi | Torque imparting system |
US7713217B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2010-05-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Torque imparting system |
EP1410780A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-04-21 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Torque imparting system |
EP1410780A4 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2006-07-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Torque imparting system |
US20040015158A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-22 | To-Mu Chen | Transilluminator device |
US20050043660A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-02-24 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Orthoses |
WO2005002436A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-13 | Queensland University Of Technology | Motion monitoring and analysis system |
US20070250286A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2007-10-25 | Queensland University Of Technology | Motion Monitoring and Analysis System |
USRE46582E1 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2017-10-24 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Orthopaedic implant with sensors |
US8083741B2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2011-12-27 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Orthopaedic implant with sensors |
US8491572B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2013-07-23 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Instrumented orthopedic and other medical implants |
US8784475B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2014-07-22 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Instrumented implantable stents, vascular grafts and other medical devices |
US8740879B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2014-06-03 | Izex Technologies, Inc. | Instrumented orthopedic and other medical implants |
US8308794B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2012-11-13 | IZEK Technologies, Inc. | Instrumented implantable stents, vascular grafts and other medical devices |
US20080161731A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Woods Sherrod A | Apparatus, system, and method for monitoring the range of motion of a patient's joint |
US9101323B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2015-08-11 | össur hf. | Wearable device having feedback characteristics |
US8657772B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2014-02-25 | össur hf. | Wearable device having feedback characteristics |
US20090024062A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-22 | Palmi Einarsson | Wearable device having feedback characteristics |
US8025632B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2011-09-27 | össur hf. | Wearable device having feedback characteristics |
US9433532B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2016-09-06 | Covidien Lp | Tubeless compression device |
US20110288448A1 (en) * | 2009-01-27 | 2011-11-24 | University Of Washington | Prosthetic limb monitoring system |
US9072463B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2015-07-07 | University Of Washington | Prosthetic limb monitoring system |
US8951211B2 (en) * | 2009-01-27 | 2015-02-10 | University Of Washington | Prosthetic limb monitoring system |
US20120238914A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-09-20 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Actively controlled orthotic devices |
US8801643B2 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2014-08-12 | Covidien Lp | Compression garment assembly |
US20110230806A1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-22 | Edmond Hok Ming Lou | Apparatus and Method for Monitoring and Active Correction of Orthosis to Body Pressure Inside of An Orthosis |
US8512266B2 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2013-08-20 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Orthopedic adjustment device |
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