US5977712A - Inductive tuners for microwave driven discharge lamps - Google Patents
Inductive tuners for microwave driven discharge lamps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5977712A US5977712A US08/787,175 US78717597A US5977712A US 5977712 A US5977712 A US 5977712A US 78717597 A US78717597 A US 78717597A US 5977712 A US5977712 A US 5977712A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- lamp
- recited
- power
- metal block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
- H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
- H01J65/044—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by a separate microwave unit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
Definitions
- This invention refers to the field of radio-frequency (RF) driven arc lamps in which the structure includes a closed waveguide, and particularly to those lamps which utilize a magnetron as the source of power.
- RF radio-frequency
- These lamps employ an ionizable medium enclosed in a sealed transparent envelope which produces visible light or ultraviolet light when excited by an intense microwave field.
- the lamp envelope or bulb is enclosed in a metal container or cavity which confines the microwaves while providing for the escape of the light, usually by means of a metal screen.
- Microwaves are admitted into the cavity through an aperture which connects to the adjoining waveguide, the other end of which couples to the magnetron.
- RF power from the magnetron travels through the waveguide to the cavity and excites the discharge lamp. Any power that is not absorbed by the lamp reflects back to the magnetron.
- the aperture defining the end of the cavity may be used to define a resonance in the cavity which intensifies the fields at the bulb to provide increased power absorption, thus reducing the reflected power.
- a magnetron is a self-excited oscillator with a direct connection between its resonator and the output load. Any reflection from the load has a strong effect on the performance, changing the operating frequency, the power output and the operating stability. Strong reflections at a particular phase known as the "sink" reduce the stored energy in the magnetron's resonator, causing instability and frequency jumping.
- the lamp itself places several different requirements on its power source. Before ionization, gases in the bulb do not absorb microwave power. The electric field intensity within the bulb must be built up to a high level to achieve breakdown. Once ionization occurs, the bulb must heat to evaporate any condensed fill materials. The impedance of the bulb is much lower than the non-ionized case, and changes as the bulb heats, bringing the condensates into the discharge. And finally the long term operating condition is reached in which light output efficiency is the dominant concern.
- the designer can adjust the aperture of the cavity, the length of the waveguide and may add a variety of tuning elements into the waveguide.
- the goal is to keep the high reflection before ionization away from the sink, to avoid frequency-jumping during the warm-up cycle and to provide a good match with stable characteristics during long-term operation.
- the product needs to be economical, compact in size, durable, and reproducible. Cost prevents the use of isolators. Compact size holds the waveguide to a minimum length.
- the tuning element frequently used in microwave arc lamps is the capacitive screw or a fixed height knob of the same size. This has the advantage of attaching to only one wall and is more easily installed than a post which must contact two opposite walls.
- this capacitive tuner may be used to match a moderate mismatch of any phase.
- the tuner has two effects. The reflection coefficient is added to the reflection coefficient of the load beyond it. Secondly, the effective length of the waveguide is increased by a small amount.
- the cavity and the coupling iris were established.
- the waveguide length and magnetron position were also established.
- the impedance match was not optimum and the waveguide length (referred to in the preceding paragraph) was less than half a wavelength. Attempts to add a capacitive tuner showed that it was unsuitable, the best location being directly above the magnetron antenna.
- An inductive tuner was placed on the side wall of the waveguide between the magnetron and the cavity aperture.
- a metal protrusion at the side of a waveguide acts like an inductive iris, raising the cutoff frequency of the waveguide at its location.
- the tuner provides a reflection coefficient with an inductive phase and shortens the effective length of the waveguide a small amount.
- the lamp design operates efficiently with this tuner.
- the inductive tuner may be a single block, semi-cylinder, or hemisphere or combination thereof attached to one side wall, or two such objects may face each other on opposite walls. These shapes are appropriate where the tuners are to be installed in a waveguide after it is built, as for example, by screws, soldering or welding.
- the tuner may also be molded into the waveguide wall. Depending upon the method of construction it may be advantageous to form the tuner to join to the upper and/or lower broad wall of the waveguide as a thick iris.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a microwave lamp.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an inductive tuner in the form of a single block.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an inductive tuner in the form of two blocks which face each other on opposite waveguide walls.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an inductive tuner in the form of a semicylinder contacting the broad walls of a waveguide.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an inductive tuner in the form of a semicylinder which does not contact the broad walls of a waveguide.
- Magnetron 2 has antenna 4 which protrudes into closed waveguide 6.
- coupling slot 8 is located, which couples microwave power into the resonant cavity defined by bottom 10 and RF screen 12 in which bulb 9 is located.
- inductive tuner 14 is attached to a side wall of the waveguide 6.
- the waveguide length from the antenna of the magnetron to the coupling slot is less than half a wavelength.
- the waveguide has broad walls and narrow walls (side walls). Since the magnetic field is high at the side walls, a metal protrusion placed there will act as an inductive tuner.
- the location of the tuner as well as its size and shape are determined by experimentation, with the aid of a network analyzer.
- the network analyzer is first calibrated with the aid of a sliding short. The impedance is then observed with the lamp in the starting and running conditions without a tuner. If significant reflection is present when the lamp is at operating temperature a tuner of trial size and shape is used and its position changed to determine the position of optimum operation. If significant reflection is still present, the size and/or shape of the tuner is varied, and various positions again tried.
- rectangular waveguide 6 is 1.7" high by 2.84" wide, and 4.8" long on the inside.
- the distance from the middle of the tuner to the slot end of the waveguide is about 17/8", and the tuner is about 5/8" wide by 11/4" long, and has a thickness of about 0.35".
- the coupling slot 8 is 23/8" long and 0.53" wide.
- the microwave cavity is 2.93" in diameter and 6.2" tall.
- the bulb 9 is 35 mm inside diameter and contains a fill of sulfur and rare gas such as argon.
- Both the waveguide and the tuner may be made of aluminum. It is preferable to make the waveguide and the tuner of the same material to minimize corrosion.
- a motor rotates both the shaft 20 to which bulb 9 is attached nd blower wheel 22 which provides air for cooling the magnetron 2.
- the blower wheel 22 draws in air through an AIR INLET and blows the air out through an AIR OUTLET.
- a FILAMENT TRANSFORMER which provides current to a filament of the magnetron 2.
- FIG. 2 is a cut-away detail of waveguide 6 of FIG. 1, and shows the inductive tuner in the form of metal block 14.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a waveguide 6" wherein two such blocks 14'a and 14'b face each other on opposite waveguide walls.
- FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment of a waveguide 6' which utilizes a protrusion in the form of semicylinder 14" which contacts the top and bottom broad walls 30 and 32 of the waveguide.
- the semicylinder 14" is molded in one of the narrow walls of the waveguide 6.
- FIG. 5 shows still a further embodiment of a waveguide 6'" which utilizes semicylinder 14'" which does not contact the broad walls 30 and 32 of the waveguide.
Abstract
Description
Claims (26)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/787,175 US5977712A (en) | 1996-01-26 | 1997-01-23 | Inductive tuners for microwave driven discharge lamps |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1067196P | 1996-01-26 | 1996-01-26 | |
US08/787,175 US5977712A (en) | 1996-01-26 | 1997-01-23 | Inductive tuners for microwave driven discharge lamps |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5977712A true US5977712A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
Family
ID=21746850
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/787,175 Expired - Lifetime US5977712A (en) | 1996-01-26 | 1997-01-23 | Inductive tuners for microwave driven discharge lamps |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5977712A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1016124A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000504144A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19990081919A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1055783C (en) |
AU (1) | AU1837297A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2244166A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP9901854A3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL125295A0 (en) |
TW (1) | TW388909B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997027611A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA97606B (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1134775A2 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2001-09-19 | Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha | Spot light-source device excited by electromagnetic energy |
US6351087B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-02-26 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Microwave electrodeless discharge lamp apparatus |
US20030062852A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-03 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Apparatus and method for intercepting leakage of microwave |
US6577074B1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-06-10 | Fusion Uv Systems, Inc. | Lighting system |
US6628079B2 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2003-09-30 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Lamp utilizing fiber for enhanced starting field |
WO2005015607A1 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-17 | Expantech Co., Ltd. | Plasma lamp and manufacturing method thereof |
US20140132153A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Lighting apparatus |
CN109553155A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-02 | 四川麦克优威环保科技有限责任公司 | Electrodeless ultraviolet sterilization device for sewage treatment plant |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6922021B2 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2005-07-26 | Luxim Corporation | Microwave energized plasma lamp with solid dielectric waveguide |
KR100442374B1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2004-07-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Microwave lighting system |
KR100464057B1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2005-01-03 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Plasma lighting system |
KR100608882B1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-08-08 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Waveguide system of electrodeless lighting device |
KR100668259B1 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-01-12 | 전제일 | Electrodeless Cascade Multiple Fluorescent Lighting Device Using Microwave |
CN103165401B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2015-11-04 | 湖北源光电器科技有限公司 | A kind of electrodeless Metal halogen lamp of microwave plasma of miniaturization |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3911318A (en) * | 1972-03-29 | 1975-10-07 | Fusion Systems Corp | Method and apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation |
US3993927A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-11-23 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Electrodeless light source |
US4002944A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-01-11 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Internal match starter for termination fixture lamps |
US4042850A (en) * | 1976-03-17 | 1977-08-16 | Fusion Systems Corporation | Microwave generated radiation apparatus |
JPS6261261A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-03-17 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | Microwave discharge device |
US4975625A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-12-04 | Fusion Systems Corporation | Electrodeless lamp which couples to small bulb |
US4990829A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1991-02-05 | Potomac Photonics, Inc. | High frequency discharge apparatus with hollow waveguide input section |
US5404076A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1995-04-04 | Fusion Systems Corporation | Lamp including sulfur |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4083016A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-04-04 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Coupled-cavity microwave oscillator |
US4737738A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-04-12 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Extended interaction device tuned by movable delay line structure |
US5448135A (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-09-05 | Fusion Lighting, Inc. | Apparatus for coupling electromagnetic radiation from a waveguide to an electrodeless lamp |
US5525865A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1996-06-11 | Fusion Lighting, Inc. | Compact microwave source for exciting electrodeless lamps |
-
1997
- 1997-01-23 US US08/787,175 patent/US5977712A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-24 AU AU18372/97A patent/AU1837297A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-24 CA CA002244166A patent/CA2244166A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-24 ZA ZA9700606A patent/ZA97606B/en unknown
- 1997-01-24 HU HU9901854A patent/HUP9901854A3/en unknown
- 1997-01-24 KR KR1019980705632A patent/KR19990081919A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-24 WO PCT/US1997/001106 patent/WO1997027611A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-24 JP JP9527008A patent/JP2000504144A/en active Pending
- 1997-01-24 TW TW086100787A patent/TW388909B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-24 IL IL12529597A patent/IL125295A0/en unknown
- 1997-01-24 EP EP97903942A patent/EP1016124A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-01-24 CN CN97191848A patent/CN1055783C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3911318A (en) * | 1972-03-29 | 1975-10-07 | Fusion Systems Corp | Method and apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation |
US3993927A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-11-23 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Electrodeless light source |
US4002944A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-01-11 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Internal match starter for termination fixture lamps |
US4042850A (en) * | 1976-03-17 | 1977-08-16 | Fusion Systems Corporation | Microwave generated radiation apparatus |
JPS6261261A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-03-17 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | Microwave discharge device |
US4975625A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1990-12-04 | Fusion Systems Corporation | Electrodeless lamp which couples to small bulb |
US4990829A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1991-02-05 | Potomac Photonics, Inc. | High frequency discharge apparatus with hollow waveguide input section |
US5404076A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1995-04-04 | Fusion Systems Corporation | Lamp including sulfur |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
Principles and Applications of Waveguide Transmission, George C. Southworth, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., pp. 246 259. * |
Principles and Applications of Waveguide Transmission, George C. Southworth, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., pp. 246-259. |
Waveguide Handbook, N. Marcuvitz, Office of Scientific Research and Development National Defense Research Committee, First Edition, McGraw Hill, 1951, pp. 218 273. * |
Waveguide Handbook, N. Marcuvitz, Office of Scientific Research and Development National Defense Research Committee, First Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1951, pp. 218-273. |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6351087B1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-02-26 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Microwave electrodeless discharge lamp apparatus |
EP1134775A2 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2001-09-19 | Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha | Spot light-source device excited by electromagnetic energy |
EP1134775A3 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2005-11-09 | Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha | Spot light-source device excited by electromagnetic energy |
US6628079B2 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2003-09-30 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Lamp utilizing fiber for enhanced starting field |
US20030062852A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-03 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Apparatus and method for intercepting leakage of microwave |
US6661183B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-12-09 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Apparatus and method for intercepting leakage of microwave |
US6577074B1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-06-10 | Fusion Uv Systems, Inc. | Lighting system |
WO2003059019A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-17 | Fusion Uv Systems, Inc. | Lighting system |
WO2005015607A1 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-17 | Expantech Co., Ltd. | Plasma lamp and manufacturing method thereof |
US20140132153A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Lighting apparatus |
US9245732B2 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-01-26 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Lighting apparatus |
CN109553155A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-02 | 四川麦克优威环保科技有限责任公司 | Electrodeless ultraviolet sterilization device for sewage treatment plant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUP9901854A2 (en) | 1999-09-28 |
EP1016124A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
WO1997027611A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
IL125295A0 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
JP2000504144A (en) | 2000-04-04 |
HUP9901854A3 (en) | 2002-04-29 |
KR19990081919A (en) | 1999-11-15 |
ZA97606B (en) | 1997-09-16 |
EP1016124A4 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
CN1055783C (en) | 2000-08-23 |
AU1837297A (en) | 1997-08-20 |
CA2244166A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
TW388909B (en) | 2000-05-01 |
CN1209904A (en) | 1999-03-03 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FUSION LIGHTING, INC., MARYLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIMPSON, JAMES E.;REEL/FRAME:008419/0711 Effective date: 19970121 |
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