US6010934A - Method of making nanometer Si islands for single electron transistors - Google Patents
Method of making nanometer Si islands for single electron transistors Download PDFInfo
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- US6010934A US6010934A US09/033,527 US3352798A US6010934A US 6010934 A US6010934 A US 6010934A US 3352798 A US3352798 A US 3352798A US 6010934 A US6010934 A US 6010934A
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- silicon
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- polysilicon
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 Oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910003944 H3 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/7624—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology
- H01L21/76243—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using silicon implanted buried insulating layers, e.g. oxide layers, i.e. SIMOX techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/823437—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66439—Unipolar field-effect transistors with a one- or zero-dimensional channel, e.g. quantum wire FET, in-plane gate transistor [IPG], single electron transistor [SET], striped channel transistor, Coulomb blockade transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/308—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks
- H01L21/3083—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/3086—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S438/00—Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
- Y10S438/942—Masking
- Y10S438/947—Subphotolithographic processing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
- Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
- Y10S977/936—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application in a transistor or 3-terminal device
- Y10S977/937—Single electron transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing the nanometer Si islands on silicon wafers, and more specifically, to a method of fabricating single electron transistors on the silicon wafers.
- the single electron transistor (SET) has become an essential element in electronics.
- the devices are operated by utilizing the Coulomb Blockade effect.
- the operation of SET device operation has been limited to below 4 K.
- the reason is that the smallest capacitance of the SET has been about 100 aF. This means that a charging energy e 2 /(2 C) is much larger than the thermal energy, which could be met at very low temperature.
- Y. Takajashi et al. reported a Si-SET whose capacitance is only about 2 aF.
- the Si-SET is reported in this paper shows conductance oscillation even at room temperature is reported in this paper.
- a SET can be fabricated in a substrate and it is operated at room temperature.
- a process which is separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) is used to form a superficial Si layer.
- the SET device is fabricated in the superficial Si layer.
- semiconductor technique the author fabricated an one-dimensional Si wire in the superficial Si layer.
- the Si wire width can be in the order of nanometer.
- a method of manufacturing a memory array of single electron transistors is disclosed in the present invention. Initially, a pad oxide is formed over a silicon substrate. An ion implantation is performed on the silicon substrate in order to form an oxygen amorphized region in the silicon substrate. After the ion implantation of the silicon substrate, a high-temperature annealing process is used to form a buried layer and the depth of the buried layer is between about 0.3 to 0.5 micrometers. A thermal oxide is then formed on the silicon substrate to reduce the thickness of the silicon substrate on the buried layer. The thermal oxide is removed and an ultra-thin oxide is formed on the silicon substrate. Afterwards, several silicon nitride blocks are formed on the ultra-thin oxide to define isolation patterns.
- a polysilicon layer is deposited on the silicon nitride blocks and then etched back to form polysilicon spacers.
- the silicon nitride blocks are removed by using hot H 3 PO 4 solution.
- the ultra-thin oxide is etched back using polysilicon spacers as hard mask.
- the ultra-thin oxide layer on the silicon islands is removed and an ultra-thin oxynitride layer is formed on the surface of the silicon islands.
- an n+ polysilicon layer is deposited on the surface of the buried layer and the nanometer silicon islands.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of a pad oxide on the substrate in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating a blanket implantation to dope oxygen ions into the substrate in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of a buried oxide in the substrate in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of a thermal oxide to form nanometer Si substrate in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the removing of the thermal oxide and the formation of an ultra-thin oxide in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of nitride blocks on the ultra-thin oxide in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of polysilicon spacers of the nitride blocks in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the removing of the nitride blocks in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of nanometer Si wires in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating the formation of spacers of the gates and active region in the substrate;
- FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a semiconductor substrate illustrating that a thick oxide layer is formed on the surface of the substrate and a metal contact is formed in the thick oxide layer;
- FIG. 12 shows a top view of nanometer silicon single electron transistor devices in accordance with the present invention.
- a method of making nanometer Si islands on a silicon wafer is disclosed here.
- the nanometer Si islands are fabricated to become single electron transistors.
- the present invention is explained with a preferred embodiment in following descriptions.
- a substrate 100 is provided and it is a single crystal P-type substrate with ⁇ 100> crystallography orientation.
- a pad oxide 105 is formed on the substrate 100 using thermal oxidation in an oxygen ambient and it has a thickness of between about 100 to 500 angstroms.
- oxygen ions are implanted into the substrate 100 with high dosage and an oxygen amphorized region 110 is formed in the substrate 100.
- the high dosage is about 5 ⁇ 10 16 to 5 ⁇ 10 19 ions/cm 2 and the implanting energy is about 100 to 300 KeV.
- a buried oxide layer 115 is formed in the substrate 100 by using a high temperature annealing to convert the oxygen amorphized region 110 into a buried oxide layer.
- the annealing process is done in the neutral ambient of N 2 or N 2 /O 2 mixture gases.
- the annealing time requires sufficient time (3-5 hours) and the annealing process uses a high temperature (1050-1250° C.).
- the depth of the buried oxide layer 115 is between about 0.3-0.5 micrometers.
- the technique of forming the buried oxide layer is the separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) process.
- a thermal oxide 116 is formed on the substrate 100 using thermal oxidation.
- the thermal oxidation can reduce the thickness of the single crystal Si region between the thermal oxide 116 and the buried oxide layer 115.
- the Si substrate 100 between the thermal oxide 116 and the buried oxide layer 115 is about nanometer dimension because process of the silicon substrate 100 on the buried oxide 115 is converted into thermal oxide.
- the thermal oxide 116 is removed and an ultra-thin oxide 120 is formed on the substrate 100.
- the thermal oxide 116 is removed by using buffer oxide etching (BOE) solution or diluted HF solution.
- An ultra-thin oxide 120 is regrown on the substrate 100 using thermal oxidation and it has a thickness between about 20 to 200 angstroms.
- a silicon nitride layer is deposited on the ultra-thin oxide 120 and is then etched back to form the silicon nitride layer blocks 125.
- the silicon nitride blocks 125 have a thickness between about 100 to 1000 angstroms.
- the silicon nitride blocks 125 is deposited by using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) or plasma enhancement chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
- LPCVD low pressure chemical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma enhancement chemical vapor deposition
- a polysilicon layer is deposited on the silicon nitride blocks 125 and then etched back to form polysilicon spacers 130.
- the polysilicon layer is deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) system, at the pressure of 50 to 600 mtorrs and the temperature is between about 400 to 600° C. and the thickness is between about 50 to 500 angstroms.
- LPCVD low pressure chemical vapor deposition
- the silicon nitride layer 125 is removed to form silicon islands on the substrate 100.
- the silicon nitride layer 125 is removed by using hot phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) solution.
- the ultra-thin oxide 120 is then drily etched back by using the polysilicon spacers 130 as hard mask.
- the polysilicon spacers 130 and the remaining ultra-thin oxide films are used as hard mask to form silicon islands on the substrate 100.
- the Si substrate 100 is etched back to form nanometer Si islands by using the polysilicon spacers 130 and the ultra-thin oxide 120 as hard mask. Afterwards, nanometers Si wires 135 are formed over the buried oxide layer. In the preferred embodiment, a dry etching, such as plasma etching, is performed to form the silicon wire 135 on the substrate 100.
- a dry etching such as plasma etching
- an ultra-thin oxynitride film 140 was grown on nanometer Si island by using N 2 O or NO gas.
- the ultra-thin oxynitride film 140 has a thickness between about 10 to 100 angstroms.
- a n+ polysilicon layer 145 is deposited as gate material of single electron tunneling (SET) device.
- the n+ polysilicon layer 145 is formed of in-situ doped polysilicon material and it is deposited by using conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD), adding phosphorus gas or arsenic gas into CVD reactant gas as a doping source.
- the thickness of the n+ polysilicon is between about 500 to 2000 angstroms.
- FIG. 12 a top view of the memory array is demonstrated and FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of the FIG. 12 along AA' line.
- the memory array is constructed on the buried oxide layer 115.
- the n+ doping polysilicon layer 145 is a wide band over the buried oxide layer and the silicon wires 135 is cross the polysilicon layer 145 to form single electron transistors (SET).
- the dash lines show the oxynitride layer 140 on the silicon wires 135. The two terminals of the silicon wires are connected to a source 10 and a drain 20.
- the n+ doping polysilicon 145 is connected to a gate 30.
- the memory array is controlled by using the source 10, the drain 20 and the gate 30.
- a serial of single electron transistor (SET) is fabricated and nanometer single electron transistors are manufactured in the substrate 100.
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/033,527 US6010934A (en) | 1998-03-02 | 1998-03-02 | Method of making nanometer Si islands for single electron transistors |
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US09/033,527 US6010934A (en) | 1998-03-02 | 1998-03-02 | Method of making nanometer Si islands for single electron transistors |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6117711A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-09-12 | Texas Instruments - Acer Incorporated | Method of making single-electron-tunneling CMOS transistors |
US6358827B1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-03-19 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Method of forming a squared-off, vertically oriented polysilicon spacer gate |
US6461917B2 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2002-10-08 | Sony Corporation | Memory device, manufacturing method thereof and integrated circuit thereof |
US6504172B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2003-01-07 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Superconducting dot/anti-dot flux qubit based on time-reversal symmetry breaking effects |
US6518110B2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2003-02-11 | Wen Ying Wen | Method of fabricating memory cell structure of flash memory having annular floating gate |
US20030077907A1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2003-04-24 | Kao David Y. | Method for forming an etch mask during the manufacture of a semiconductor device |
US6563311B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-05-13 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Quantum computing method using magnetic flux states at a josephson junction |
US6563310B2 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2003-05-13 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Quantum computing method using Josephson junctions between s-wave and d-wave superconductors |
WO2003083928A2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | A method for making nanoscale wires and gaps for switches and transistors |
US20040061173A1 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-04-01 | Shu-Fen Hu | Single-electron transistor and fabrication method thereof |
US6770516B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2004-08-03 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Method of forming an N channel and P channel FINFET device on the same semiconductor substrate |
WO2005004206A3 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-02-17 | Ibm | Integrated circuit having pairs of parallel complementary finfets |
US20050157551A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-07-21 | Eliyahou Harari | Multi-state non-volatile integrated circuit memory systems that employ dielectric storage elements |
US20060267167A1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-11-30 | Mccain Joseph H | Microelectronic device with integrated energy source |
CN102569033A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-11 | 厦门大学 | Preparation method of small-size density-controllable silicon nanodot array |
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Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6117711A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-09-12 | Texas Instruments - Acer Incorporated | Method of making single-electron-tunneling CMOS transistors |
US6461917B2 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2002-10-08 | Sony Corporation | Memory device, manufacturing method thereof and integrated circuit thereof |
US20030077907A1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2003-04-24 | Kao David Y. | Method for forming an etch mask during the manufacture of a semiconductor device |
US6713348B2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2004-03-30 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method for forming an etch mask during the manufacture of a semiconductor device |
US7015499B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2006-03-21 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Permanent readout superconducting qubit |
US6563311B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-05-13 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Quantum computing method using magnetic flux states at a josephson junction |
US6563310B2 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2003-05-13 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Quantum computing method using Josephson junctions between s-wave and d-wave superconductors |
US6518110B2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2003-02-11 | Wen Ying Wen | Method of fabricating memory cell structure of flash memory having annular floating gate |
US6358827B1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-03-19 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Method of forming a squared-off, vertically oriented polysilicon spacer gate |
US6504172B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2003-01-07 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Superconducting dot/anti-dot flux qubit based on time-reversal symmetry breaking effects |
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