US6086813A - Method for making self-supporting thermoplastic structures - Google Patents
Method for making self-supporting thermoplastic structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6086813A US6086813A US08/936,005 US93600597A US6086813A US 6086813 A US6086813 A US 6086813A US 93600597 A US93600597 A US 93600597A US 6086813 A US6086813 A US 6086813A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic material
- stream
- gas
- spray
- directing
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/08—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder
- B29C41/10—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder by fluidisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0094—Geometrical properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/72—Processes of molding by spraying
Definitions
- the present invention is generally related to the manufacture of self-supporting structures made of thermoplastic material and, more particularly, to a process by which thermoplastic material can be sprayed into a mold structure to form varying thicknesses at preselected locations of the structure to provide self-supporting structural integrity for the completed component.
- thermoset materials can require as much as twelve hours.
- the resin has a solvent within it to lower its viscosity. This solvent typically contains styrenes which have been determined to be harmful to the environment. It is likely that the use of styrenes will be strictly controlled in the future because of these environmental considerations.
- the cure cycle of a self-supporting structure can often take as many as twelve hours to complete. If the thermoset material is sprayed in consecutive layers, which is a typical way to manufacture a boat hull by this known process, each layer can require up to forty minutes curing time. In addition, each layer must generally be cured before the application of subsequent layers.
- thermoset material such as polyester resin
- the thermoset material can not be melted when the structure is salvaged to permit its use in another product.
- thermoplastic material instead of a thermoset material. It would also be beneficial if the process could avoid the use of styrenes and other environmentally harmful elements. Additionally, it would be beneficial if the process could use a material which has a reduced cure time, as compared to the thermoset process, and which permits recycling of the formed structures after their useful life is complete.
- Thermoplastic material has been used as a protective coating for various components.
- Applied Polymer Systems, Inc. performs coating with a process that sprays a polymer coating on the object to be protected.
- the coating can be used for acid resistance or heat resistance and can comprise polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), linear polyethylene (LPE), polypropylene (PP), polypetrafluoroethylene copolymers (PTFE), flexible nylon, copolyamide nylon, polyesters, or any other suitable material.
- PVDF polyvinylidenefluoride
- LPE linear polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PTFE polypetrafluoroethylene copolymers
- flexible nylon copolyamide nylon
- polyesters or any other suitable material.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,910 which issued to Weidman et al on Apr. 21, 1992, discloses a high concentration acid resistant coating.
- the improved polyamide-based compositions described in this patent are particularly formulated for plasma-spray application to surfaces that are subjected to acidic conditions.
- the compositions include respective amounts of polyvinylidene fluoride, a polyamide (e.g. N11) and a compatible adhesive such as a nylon perpolymer adhesive.
- a process for manufacturing a self-supporting thermoplastic structure in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of providing a form defining a shape for the structure.
- the form can be a shell-like shaped structure that acts like a mold when the thermoplastic material is deposited on the walls of the form.
- the self-supporting structure can be any type of component, such as a boat hull, which is required to maintain its own shape during manufacture and use.
- the process of the present invention further comprises the step of providing a thermoplastic material in a granulated form.
- a granulated form can be as fine as powder and the size of the particles of thermoplastic material will depend on the equipment used to produce the self-supporting structure and the specific thermoplastic material used in the process.
- the present invention further comprises the step of creating a stream of gas flowing through a first conduit.
- the gas can be argon, but other gases can be used.
- the present invention further comprises a step of injecting the thermoplastic material into the stream of gas so that it moves along with the stream of gas.
- An additional step of the present invention is heating the thermoplastic material as it moves with the stream of gas and directing a spray of the heated thermoplastic material against a surface of the form. Additionally, the present invention allows the thermoplastic material to cure while in contact with the surface of the form. After the thermoplastic material in the form is completely cured, it can be removed from the form.
- Various embodiments of the present invention can further comprise the step of providing a plurality of glass fibers and injecting the plurality of glass fibers into the stream of gas before the heating step is performed.
- the self-supporting structure made in accordance with the present invention can be the hull of a watercraft.
- the structure can comprise regions of differing thicknesses created by sequentially directing a plurality of sprays of the thermoplastic at a preselected region of the form.
- the different thicknesses of thermoplastic material contained within the self-supporting structure can be provided either by repeated spraying of thermoplastic material at one general area of the form or, alternatively, by slowing the movement of spray nozzles as they move past the vicinity where it is desired to have a thicker portion of the structure.
- a plurality of spray nozzles are used to direct a spray toward a region of the form.
- various ones of the plurality of nozzles can be activated or deactivated as the nozzles are moved past various areas of the form.
- the process of the present invention can further comprise the step of adding glass fibers into the thermoplastic material.
- FIG. 1 shows a known method for producing a plasma for thermoplastic material
- FIG. 2 shows a nozzle spraying thermoplastic material into a form mold
- FIG. 3 shows the form mold of FIG. 2 after the spraying process is complete
- FIG. 4 shows the resulting self-supporting structure made by the process illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3;
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention which utilizes a plurality of nozzles attached to an arm of a robotic machine.
- Dashed box 10 represents a housing in which a blending head 14, a plasma region 12 and a nozzle 18 are contained.
- a hopper 20 is provided with a supply of thermoplastic powder.
- the powder can be various magnitudes in particulate size, depending on the particular equipment used and the specific application of the device.
- the thermoplastic powder is fed from the hopper 20, through a first conduit 22, to a blower 24.
- the powder is then blown through a second conduit 26 into the blending head 14.
- the terms "powder” shall refer to particulates of any size.
- a stream of gas is caused to flow through a third conduit 30 by a compressor 32.
- the direction of gas flow is represented by arrow G.
- a reel 40 of glass fiber 42 allows the glass fiber to be introduced into the gas stream G and into the blending head 14 and chopper.
- a means is provided for chopping the glass fiber 42 into shorter lengths so that they can be entrained within the gas stream G.
- These glass fibers after being chopped into short lengths, are mixed with the thermoplastic powder casting into the blending head 14 through the second conduit 26.
- the mixture of thermoplastic powder and glass fibers is blended into a generally homogenous composition and ejected into the gas stream G through openings in the blending head 14. This generally homogeneous composition enters the gas stream in the directions represented by arrows M. As the composition of thermoplastic powder and glass fibers passes through the plasma region 12, the intense heat melts them.
- the term "plasma” is sometimes considered a fourth state of matter, in addition to solid, liquid, and gas.
- the extremely hot substance consists of free electrons and positive ions. Although it is electrically conductive, it is also electrically neutral.
- a system of the type shown in FIG. 1 utilizes an inert gas that passes through the electric arc between an anode and cathode which form the plasma zone, or region 12. This gas, which is typically argon, loses one its electrons and becomes a highly energetic and extremely hot plasma. As the plasma leaves the plasma zone 12, the thermoplastic powder and the gas stream G are introduced into the plasma stream in controlled amounts.
- the material As the material is caught in the high velocity hot plasma stream, it absorbs the high temperature of the plasma, becomes molten, and is projected through the nozzle 18 against a surface.
- the molten thermoplastic material When used in conjunction with the present invention, the molten thermoplastic material is projected against a surface of the form or previously sprayed layers.
- thermal and mechanical energies are transferred to the substrate of the form and produce forces which favor high level bonding and excellent adhesion.
- Equipment generally similar to that represented schematically in FIG. 1 has been developed by companies such as Applied Polymer Systems, Inc. for use in coating materials to protect the materials from corrosion or oxidation.
- the material is applied in an extremely thin layer, similar to a layer of paint, to provide a protective skin that is not subject to corrosion in hostile environments.
- the present invention proposes to use a device such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 for a unique purpose of producing a self-supporting structure made of thermoplastic material. Rather than using the technology to merely provide a protective coating on an object, the present invention uses this technology to construct a self-supporting structure which, when removed from a form mold, will have sufficient strength and durability to be used as a boat hull or other similar structure.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a form 50 that is generally shaped to provide the configuration of a boat hull.
- An arm 54 of a machine tool such as a robotic machine, has a nozzle 18 attached to it.
- the associated equipment attached to the nozzle 18, as illustrated in FIG. 1 is not shown for purposes of simplicity and clarity.
- the arm 54 can be moved relative to the form 50 and the thermoplastic plasma is emitted from the nozzle 18 in the direction of a region of the form 50.
- thermoplastic material This ejection is represented by the arrows emanating from the nozzle 18 in FIG. 2.
- the arm 54 would be automatically moved relative to the form 50 to spray the thermoplastic material and its entrained glass fibers against the surface of the form.
- the ionized plasma is attracted to the form 50.
- the molten thermoplastic material after being emitted from the nozzle 18, strikes the surface of the form and flows in conformance with the shape of the form. Immediately after impact, the molten thermoplastic material begins to cure, or solidify, and retains the shape of the form. It should be understood that the thickness of the layer of thermoplastic material clinging to the surface of the form will depend on several factors.
- the number of layers sprayed in any particular region will determine the thickness of that particular region.
- the rate of speed of movement of the nozzle 18, as it moves past a particular region, combined with the flow rate of plasma through the nozzle will determine the thickness of the material in that region. Therefore, if a thicker dimension is required in certain regions of the structure, that increased thickness can be achieved in several ways.
- the spray nozzle 18 can be moved past the region repeatedly so that each subsequent coat of thermoplastic material is deposited on a preceding coat that has begun to cure sufficiently to support the subsequent coat.
- Another process to achieve the increased thickness is to move the nozzle more slowly as it passes the region that is intended to be thicker.
- a third technique is to provide a plurality of nozzles on the arm 54 and selectively activate and deactivate the nozzles to provide a thicker spray of thermoplastic plasma at the regions that are intended to be thicker.
- FIG. 3 shows the form 50 after the thermoplastic material has been deposited against the relevant surfaces of the form.
- certain regions 60 are shown as having a certain thickness while other regions 62 are shown as having thicker regions.
- the bottom portion 64 of the boat hull is shown having the thickest dimension.
- FIG. 4 shows the resulting structure. It should be understood that the structure shown in FIG. 4 is intended to represent a cross sectional view taken through a boat hull. It is highly schematic and intended only to represent the basic capabilities of the present invention. The various thicknesses shown at regions 60, 62 and 64 result from the application of one of the above three techniques for creating thicker portions of the boat hull. If additional strength is required, it should be understood that stiffeners or support struts could be manually added to the structure and covered with subsequent spray coatings of the thermoplastic material.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the concept of providing a group of nozzles on the arm 54 which is controlled by a robotic machine.
- the nozzles 18A, 18B and 18C can be selectively activated and deactivated to vary the thickness of the thermoplastic material sprayed into the form 50 at any particular location. For example, when a thin walled region is desired, a single nozzle 18B can be activated as the arm passes that region. When a slightly thicker wall structure is required, two nozzles, 18A and 18C can be activated. In addition, the thickest regions of the structure can be accomplished by activating all three nozzles simultaneously. As described above, these variations in thickness can also be accomplished by slowing the speed of the arm 54 as it passes over the surfaces of the form or, alternatively, by applying successive coats of the thermoplastic material after previous coats have begun to cure.
- thermoplastic material which, in turn, requires no styrenes as are required in the known system of boat hull manufacturing which uses thermoset material. In other words, no resin and hardener are required by the present invention.
- curing time of the thermoplastic material is almost instantaneous when the thermoplastic plasma strikes the surface of the form. Rather than taking up to forty minutes per layer, subsequent coats of the thermoplastic material can be sprayed over preceding coats almost immediately.
- thermoplastic material which is recyclable.
- the hull can be chopped into small pieces and remelted for an alternative use. This is impossible if thermoset materials are used. After curing, thermoset materials burn rather than melt. Thermoplastic materials can be remelted and reformed to be used again.
- One of the most significant advantages of the present invention is that it does not require the use of chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment. The use and storage of the resins and hardeners required for a thermoset procedure are both expensive and potentially harmful to the environment. As a result, the use of these styrene materials may be severely regulated and restricted in the future. The present invention does not use these materials and is therefore much less likely to create harmful conditions, both for humans and the environment. The present invention also creates a safer work place environment for the operator who manufactures the boat hull or other component.
- thermoset materials A potential disadvantage of the present invention is the formulation of small air bubbles in the thermoplastic material.
- the outer surface of the structural member, which was initially formed against the surface of the form 50 may not appear to have the degree of gloss that is available by other methods.
- the present invention provides a significant improvement over the use of thermoset materials in both cost, environmental safety and the ability to recycle after initial use.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/936,005 US6086813A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1997-09-23 | Method for making self-supporting thermoplastic structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US08/936,005 US6086813A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1997-09-23 | Method for making self-supporting thermoplastic structures |
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US6086813A true US6086813A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
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US08/936,005 Expired - Fee Related US6086813A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1997-09-23 | Method for making self-supporting thermoplastic structures |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20030164578A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-04 | Brown Charles M. | Open mold multi-lap manufacturing process |
US20030190411A1 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-09 | Lear Corporation | Applicator and method for in-mold coating |
US20030206836A1 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2003-11-06 | Brown Charles M. | Manufacturing process generating a process airflow which maintains auto fire for a regenerative thermal oxidizer |
US20030214075A1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-20 | Brown Charles M. | Open mold manufacturing process with centralized application station |
US20050008821A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-01-13 | Pricone Robert M. | Process and apparatus for fabricating precise microstructures and polymeric molds for making same |
US20060003044A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2006-01-05 | Dinello Panfilo M | Process for forming plastic, apparatuses for forming plastic,and articles made therefrom |
US20060022380A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-02 | Audette Lawrence F | Process for making a reusable soft bag for use in infusion processes for making plastic parts |
US7025013B1 (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2006-04-11 | Brunswick Corporation | Multilayered submersible structure with fouling inhibiting characteristic |
WO2007101578A2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-13 | Toho Tenax Europe Gmbh | Method for producing reinforced placed structures |
US20080211130A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-09-04 | Rydin Richard W | Method of making a natural rubber vacuum bag by spray processes, natural rubber vacuum bag made using spray process, and method for using natural rubber bag made using spray process |
US20080251964A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2008-10-16 | Robert M. Pricone | Process and Apparatus for Fabricating Precise Microstructures and Polymeric Molds for Making Same |
US20120027923A1 (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-02 | Burgard Daniel J | Seal for photovoltaic module |
US20120181841A1 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-07-19 | Jan Petzel | Seat cushion body and method of producing a seat cushion body |
US8672665B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2014-03-18 | Arjr Group, Llc | Vacuum bag with integral fluid transfer conduits and seals for resin transfer and other processes |
US20140148543A1 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-05-29 | General Electric Company | Methods of making a composite sheet and composite component and a composite |
US9597846B2 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2017-03-21 | Schukra Geraetebau Gmbh | Method of treating a fiber cushion body |
WO2018128710A2 (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-12 | Brunswick Corporation | Systems and methods for manufacturing boat parts |
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