US6225776B1 - Charging station for electric-powered vehicles - Google Patents

Charging station for electric-powered vehicles Download PDF

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US6225776B1
US6225776B1 US09/641,402 US64140200A US6225776B1 US 6225776 B1 US6225776 B1 US 6225776B1 US 64140200 A US64140200 A US 64140200A US 6225776 B1 US6225776 B1 US 6225776B1
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charging
current
charging station
processing unit
sockets
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US09/641,402
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Wellmon Chai
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging station for electric-powered vehicles, more particularly to a charging station capable of automatic control of charging current that is supplied to a plurality of loads.
  • the battery of an electric-powered vehicle is generally charged at a charging station that is accessible to the public. While a charging station is capable of charging the batteries of a number of electric-powered vehicles at the same time, the total amount of charging current supplied by the charging station at any time should not exceed a rated value. For example, if a charging station is capable of charging the batteries of four electric-powered vehicles simultaneously, and the initial load current that should be supplied to charge the battery of each of the electric-powered vehicles is 8 amperes, the rated current value for the charging station should be at least 32 amperes to prevent occurrence of an overload. Thus, aside from the need to coordinate with the local electric power company in view of the large current requirement, the power distribution network of the charging station should also be designed to handle such large current flows.
  • the charging current requirement of a battery decreases from a maximum value (i.e. the battery is fully discharged) to a minimum value (i.e. the battery is fully charged) as the charging operation progresses.
  • a maximum value i.e. the battery is fully discharged
  • a minimum value i.e. the battery is fully charged
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a charging station capable of automatic control of charging current that is supplied to a plurality of loads so as to result in an economical design while preventing the occurrence of an overload.
  • a charging station for electric-powered vehicles comprises:
  • a switching circuit including a plurality of switch units, each of the switch units including a relay switch that interconnects the power supplying circuit and a respective one of the charging sockets, and a trigger member connected to the relay switch and controllable so as to control in turn the relay switch to make or break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit and the respective one of the charging sockets;
  • a current monitoring unit connected to the charging sockets and operable so as to generate output signals corresponding to amount of current flowing through each of the charging sockets;
  • a processing unit connected to the current monitoring unit and the trigger members of the switch units, the processing unit receiving the output signals from the current monitoring unit and controlling the trigger members of the switch units to ensure total amount of current flow through the charging sockets does not exceed a rated current value for the charging station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram showing the preferred embodiment of a charging station according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary partly cross-sectional view illustrating how an electric-powered vehicle is connected to a charging socket of the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a table to illustrate a sample operation of the preferred embodiment.
  • the preferred embodiment of a charging station is shown to comprise a power supplying circuit 10 , a switching circuit 20 , a plurality of charging sockets 30 , a current monitoring unit 40 , a rated current setting unit 50 , a processing unit 60 , an indicator unit 70 and a status detecting unit 80 .
  • the power supplying circuit 10 is adapted to be connected to a commercial AC power provider, and includes a diode rectifier 11 and a voltage regulator 12 .
  • the power supplying circuit 10 operates in a known manner to convert AC power into DC power.
  • the switching circuit 20 includes a plurality of switch units, each of which has a relay switch 22 and a trigger member 21 connected to the relay switch 22 .
  • the trigger member 21 is a transistor.
  • Each of the charging sockets 30 is connected to the power supplying circuit 10 via the relay switch 22 of a respective one of the switch units of the switching circuit 20 .
  • the current monitoring unit 40 includes a plurality of current sampling sets 41 and a plurality of current converters 42 .
  • Each of the current sampling sets 41 is connected to a respective one of the charging sockets 30 , and includes a first current sampler 411 for detecting current leakage, and a second current sampler 412 for detecting current flow through the respective one of the charging sockets 30 .
  • Each of the current converters 42 is connected to a respective one of the current sampling sets 41 .
  • each of the current converters 42 is provided with switches (not shown) that are operable so as to enable the current converter 42 to generate an output signal corresponding to the amount of current flowing through the respective one of the charging sockets 30 .
  • the current converter 42 generates a first output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is between 0 and 2 amperes, a second output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is between 2 and 5 amperes, a third output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is between 5 and 10 amperes, and a fourth output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is in excess of 10 amperes.
  • the rated current setting unit 50 is operable so as to set a rated current value for the charging station.
  • the processing unit 60 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 600 .
  • a pair of logic circuits 61 connects the CPU 600 to output terminals of the current converters 42 .
  • the logic circuits 61 encode the output signals from the current converters 42 to reduce the required number of pin connections between the CPU 600 and the current converters 42 .
  • the CPU 600 is further connected to the rated current setting unit 50 and the trigger members 21 of the switch units of the switching circuit 20 . According to the output signals from the current converters 42 and the rated current value as set by the setting unit 50 , the CPU 600 controls the trigger members 21 to control in turn the relay switches 22 and the current flow through the charging sockets 30 .
  • the indicator unit 70 is connected to the CPU 600 and includes a plurality of indicator lamps 71 . Each of the indicator lamps 71 is activated by the CPU 600 to indicate the operating state of an associated one of the charging sockets 30 .
  • the status detecting unit 80 is connected to the CPU 600 and includes a plurality of micro switches 81 (only one is shown in FIG. 3 ), each of which is mounted to a respective one of the charging sockets 30 .
  • the respective micro switch 81 is activated and generates an electric signal to inform the CPU 600 that the charging socket 30 is in use.
  • FIG. 4 is a table to illustrate a sample operation of the preferred embodiment.
  • the rated current value for the charging station is set to 20 amperes
  • the initial load current that should be supplied to charge the battery of an electric-powered vehicles is 8 amperes.
  • the CPU 600 enables 8 amperes of current to be supplied to each of the first and second charging sockets 30 , and activates the indicator lamps 71 that are associated with the first and second charging sockets 30 to generate a constant light output, indicative of a charging state.
  • the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit 10 and the third charging socket 30 and prevent current flow through the third charging socket 30 .
  • the CPU 600 will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to generate a blinking light output, indicative of a waiting state.
  • the total current flowing through the charging station is 16 amperes, which is less than the rated current value of 20 amperes to prevent the occurrence of an overload.
  • the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to enable 8 amperes of current to flow through the latter, and will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to generate the constant light output. Subsequently, when an electric-powered vehicle is connected to the fourth charging socket 30 , the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit 10 and the fourth charging socket 30 and prevent current flow through the fourth charging socket 30 .
  • the CPU 600 will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to generate the blinking light output.
  • the total current flowing through the charging station increases to 18 amperes, which is still less than the rated current value of 20 amperes to prevent the occurrence of an overload.
  • the charging current that flows through the first and second charging sockets 30 will eventually drop to 2 amperes, and the charging current that flows through the third charging socket 30 will eventually drop to 5 amperes.
  • the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to enable 8 amperes of current to flow through the latter, and will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to generate the constant light output.
  • the total current flowing through the charging station is 17 amperes, which is less than the rated current value of 20 amperes.
  • the charging station of the present invention is capable of automatic control of charging current that is supplied to a plurality of loads (e.g. the batteries of electric-powered vehicles) so as to result in an economical design while preventing the occurrence of an overload.
  • loads e.g. the batteries of electric-powered vehicles

Abstract

A charging station includes a plurality of charging sockets, each of which is adapted to be connected to an electric-powered vehicle, and a plurality of switch units, each of which includes a relay switch that interconnects a power supplying circuit and a respective charging socket, and a trigger member connected to the relay switch and controllable so as to control in turn the relay switch to make or break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit and the respective charging socket. A current monitoring unit generates output signals corresponding to amount of current flowing through each of the charging sockets. A processing unit receives the output signals from the current monitoring unit, and controls the trigger members of the switch units to ensure the total amount of current flow through the charging sockets does not exceed a rated current value for the charging station.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a charging station for electric-powered vehicles, more particularly to a charging station capable of automatic control of charging current that is supplied to a plurality of loads.
2. Description of the Related Art
The battery of an electric-powered vehicle is generally charged at a charging station that is accessible to the public. While a charging station is capable of charging the batteries of a number of electric-powered vehicles at the same time, the total amount of charging current supplied by the charging station at any time should not exceed a rated value. For example, if a charging station is capable of charging the batteries of four electric-powered vehicles simultaneously, and the initial load current that should be supplied to charge the battery of each of the electric-powered vehicles is 8 amperes, the rated current value for the charging station should be at least 32 amperes to prevent occurrence of an overload. Thus, aside from the need to coordinate with the local electric power company in view of the large current requirement, the power distribution network of the charging station should also be designed to handle such large current flows.
However, it is noted that the charging current requirement of a battery decreases from a maximum value (i.e. the battery is fully discharged) to a minimum value (i.e. the battery is fully charged) as the charging operation progresses. As such, it is very unlikely that the charging station will operate at full load conditions most of the time. The conventional charging station is thus uneconomical since it is designed under full load conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a charging station capable of automatic control of charging current that is supplied to a plurality of loads so as to result in an economical design while preventing the occurrence of an overload.
According to this invention, a charging station for electric-powered vehicles comprises:
a power supplying circuit;
a plurality of charging sockets, each of which is adapted to be connected to one of the electric-powered vehicles;
a switching circuit including a plurality of switch units, each of the switch units including a relay switch that interconnects the power supplying circuit and a respective one of the charging sockets, and a trigger member connected to the relay switch and controllable so as to control in turn the relay switch to make or break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit and the respective one of the charging sockets;
a current monitoring unit connected to the charging sockets and operable so as to generate output signals corresponding to amount of current flowing through each of the charging sockets; and
a processing unit connected to the current monitoring unit and the trigger members of the switch units, the processing unit receiving the output signals from the current monitoring unit and controlling the trigger members of the switch units to ensure total amount of current flow through the charging sockets does not exceed a rated current value for the charging station.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram showing the preferred embodiment of a charging station according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary partly cross-sectional view illustrating how an electric-powered vehicle is connected to a charging socket of the preferred embodiment; and
FIG. 4 is a table to illustrate a sample operation of the preferred embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the preferred embodiment of a charging station according to the present invention is shown to comprise a power supplying circuit 10, a switching circuit 20, a plurality of charging sockets 30, a current monitoring unit 40, a rated current setting unit 50, a processing unit 60, an indicator unit 70 and a status detecting unit 80.
The power supplying circuit 10 is adapted to be connected to a commercial AC power provider, and includes a diode rectifier 11 and a voltage regulator 12. The power supplying circuit 10 operates in a known manner to convert AC power into DC power.
The switching circuit 20 includes a plurality of switch units, each of which has a relay switch 22 and a trigger member 21 connected to the relay switch 22. In this embodiment, the trigger member 21 is a transistor.
Each of the charging sockets 30 is connected to the power supplying circuit 10 via the relay switch 22 of a respective one of the switch units of the switching circuit 20. In this embodiment, there are four charging sockets 30.
The current monitoring unit 40 includes a plurality of current sampling sets 41 and a plurality of current converters 42. Each of the current sampling sets 41 is connected to a respective one of the charging sockets 30, and includes a first current sampler 411 for detecting current leakage, and a second current sampler 412 for detecting current flow through the respective one of the charging sockets 30. Each of the current converters 42 is connected to a respective one of the current sampling sets 41. In this embodiment, each of the current converters 42 is provided with switches (not shown) that are operable so as to enable the current converter 42 to generate an output signal corresponding to the amount of current flowing through the respective one of the charging sockets 30. In the preferred embodiment, the current converter 42 generates a first output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is between 0 and 2 amperes, a second output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is between 2 and 5 amperes, a third output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is between 5 and 10 amperes, and a fourth output when the amount of current flowing through the respective charging socket 30 is in excess of 10 amperes.
The rated current setting unit 50 is operable so as to set a rated current value for the charging station.
The processing unit 60 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 600. In the preferred embodiment, a pair of logic circuits 61 connects the CPU 600 to output terminals of the current converters 42. The logic circuits 61 encode the output signals from the current converters 42 to reduce the required number of pin connections between the CPU 600 and the current converters 42. The CPU 600 is further connected to the rated current setting unit 50 and the trigger members 21 of the switch units of the switching circuit 20. According to the output signals from the current converters 42 and the rated current value as set by the setting unit 50, the CPU 600 controls the trigger members 21 to control in turn the relay switches 22 and the current flow through the charging sockets 30.
The indicator unit 70 is connected to the CPU 600 and includes a plurality of indicator lamps 71. Each of the indicator lamps 71 is activated by the CPU 600 to indicate the operating state of an associated one of the charging sockets 30.
With further reference to FIG. 3, the status detecting unit 80 is connected to the CPU 600 and includes a plurality of micro switches 81 (only one is shown in FIG. 3), each of which is mounted to a respective one of the charging sockets 30. When the plug 100 of an electric-powered vehicle (not shown) is connected to the charging socket 30, the respective micro switch 81 is activated and generates an electric signal to inform the CPU 600 that the charging socket 30 is in use.
FIG. 4 is a table to illustrate a sample operation of the preferred embodiment. In this example, the rated current value for the charging station is set to 20 amperes, and the initial load current that should be supplied to charge the battery of an electric-powered vehicles is 8 amperes. Initially, the CPU 600 enables 8 amperes of current to be supplied to each of the first and second charging sockets 30, and activates the indicator lamps 71 that are associated with the first and second charging sockets 30 to generate a constant light output, indicative of a charging state. At this time, when an electric-powered vehicle is connected to the third charging socket 30, the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit 10 and the third charging socket 30 and prevent current flow through the third charging socket 30. The CPU 600 will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to generate a blinking light output, indicative of a waiting state. The total current flowing through the charging station is 16 amperes, which is less than the rated current value of 20 amperes to prevent the occurrence of an overload.
As the charging operation progresses, the charging current that flows through the first and second charging sockets 30 will eventually drop to 5 amperes. At this time, the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to enable 8 amperes of current to flow through the latter, and will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the third charging socket 30 to generate the constant light output. Subsequently, when an electric-powered vehicle is connected to the fourth charging socket 30, the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to break electrical connection between the power supplying circuit 10 and the fourth charging socket 30 and prevent current flow through the fourth charging socket 30. The CPU 600 will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to generate the blinking light output. The total current flowing through the charging station increases to 18 amperes, which is still less than the rated current value of 20 amperes to prevent the occurrence of an overload.
As the charging operation continues, the charging current that flows through the first and second charging sockets 30 will eventually drop to 2 amperes, and the charging current that flows through the third charging socket 30 will eventually drop to 5 amperes. At this time, the CPU 600 will control the trigger member 21 of the switch unit that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to enable 8 amperes of current to flow through the latter, and will further activate the indicator lamp 71 that is associated with the fourth charging socket 30 to generate the constant light output. The total current flowing through the charging station is 17 amperes, which is less than the rated current value of 20 amperes.
It has thus been shown that the charging station of the present invention is capable of automatic control of charging current that is supplied to a plurality of loads (e.g. the batteries of electric-powered vehicles) so as to result in an economical design while preventing the occurrence of an overload. The object of the invention is thus met.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent arrangements.

Claims (7)

I claim:
1. A charging station for electric-powered vehicles, comprising:
a power supplying circuit;
a plurality of charging sockets, each of which is adapted to be connected to one of the electric-powered vehicles;
a switching circuit including a plurality of switch units, each of said switch units including a relay switch that interconnects said power supplying circuit and a respective one of said charging sockets, and a trigger member connected to said relay switch and controllable so as to control in turn said relay switch to make or break electrical connection between said power supplying circuit and the respective one of said charging sockets;
a current monitoring unit connected to said charging sockets and operable so as to generate output signals corresponding to amount of current flowing through each of said charging sockets; and
a processing unit connected to said current monitoring unit and said trigger members of said switch units, said processing unit receiving the output signals from said current monitoring unit and controlling said trigger members of said switch units to ensure total amount of current flow through said charging sockets does not exceed a rated current value for said charging station.
2. The charging station of claim 1, further comprising a rated current setting unit connected to said processing unit and operable so as to set the rated current value for said charging station.
3. The charging station of claim 1, further comprising an indicator unit connected to said processing unit, said indicator unit including a plurality of indicator lamps, each of which is associated with a respective one of said charging sockets and is controlled by said processing unit to indicate operating state of the respective one of said charging sockets.
4. The charging station of claim 1, wherein said trigger member is a transistor.
5. The charging station of claim 1, further comprising a status detecting unit connected to said processing unit, said status detecting unit including a plurality of micro switches, each of which is operably associated with a respective one of said charging sockets and is adapted to generate an electrical signal that is received by said processing unit when the respective one of said charging sockets is in use.
6. The charging station of claim 1, wherein said current monitoring unit includes:
current sampling means for sampling the currents flowing through each of said charging sockets; and
current converter means, connected to said current sampling means, for converting the currents sampled by said current sampling means into the output signals to be received by said processing unit.
7. The charging station of claim 1, wherein said processing unit includes:
logic circuit means, connected to said current monitoring unit, for encoding the output signals from said current monitoring unit; and
a central processing unit connected to said logic circuit means.
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