US6260544B1 - Low fuel vapor emissions fuel system - Google Patents
Low fuel vapor emissions fuel system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6260544B1 US6260544B1 US09/561,892 US56189200A US6260544B1 US 6260544 B1 US6260544 B1 US 6260544B1 US 56189200 A US56189200 A US 56189200A US 6260544 B1 US6260544 B1 US 6260544B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- air
- filler
- cavity
- bladder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/04—Tank inlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
- B60K15/03504—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/04—Tank inlets
- B60K15/05—Inlet covers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
- B60K2015/03447—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling for improving the sealing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to automotive fuel systems.
- Automotive fuel systems require a fuel tank, a filler pipe and cap therefor for filling the tank with fuel, a fuel pump and associated fuel lines, and a fuel level sensor.
- the fuel tank has a rigid tank sidewall usually composed of a metallic or plastic material, wherein the tank sidewall contains the fuel.
- the filler pipe extends from an opening in the fuel tank to an external opening of the body of the vehicle.
- the filler cap is removably affixed to the filler pipe, so as to be removed by a driver when fueling the motor vehicle and reaffixed, such as by threading, when fueling is completed.
- the fuel pump is electrically operated, and is generally designed to deliver a predetermined flow rate of fuel to the engine via a delivery fuel line, and excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank via a return fuel line.
- Fuel level sensing may be accomplished by any modality known, including float based systems.
- tank ventilation which must be provided so that fuel may be extracted from the fuel tank by the fuel pump, as the volume of fuel taken out by the pump is replaced by atmospheric pressure air.
- Another fuel vapor emissions problem concerns refueling, whereduring fuel displaces fuel vapor from the tank.
- a fuel vapor control system FVCS
- a typical FVCS includes vapor lines, a carbon canister, a purge solenoid, a vent solenoid, an onboard refueling vapor recovery system, and an onboard diagnostics II (OBD II) pressure sensor.
- OBD II onboard diagnostics II
- the present invention is a low fuel vapor emissions fuel system which reduces the need for FVCS and further obviates both the fuel pump and its return fuel line.
- the low fuel vapor emissions fuel system includes a rigid tank, a flexible fuel bladder within the tank, a filler pipe connecting between the fuel bladder and an exterior body location, a filler cap which removably seals the filler pipe, a fuel line from the fuel bladder to the engine, an air compression system for selectively pressurizing the cavity between the fuel bladder and the tank, and a fuel level sensor.
- the air pump pressurizes the cavity between the interior of the tank and the exterior of the fuel bladder.
- the pressure is monitored by a pressure transducer which is connected to the vehicle computer.
- a program of the vehicle computer compares the output from the transducer to the fuel pressure required by the engine and accordingly turns on and off the air pump as needed.
- An air intake filter is used to prevent contaminants (dirt, water, etc.) from entering the tank through the air pump system.
- the air pump system also includes an air pressure check valve which is located between the air intake filter and the pressure transducer. The air pressure check valve prevents air from escaping from the tank when the air pump is turned off.
- the air pump system further includes a vent valve, which also includes an over pressure relief valve.
- the over pressure relief valve is a safety feature that would open and relieve tank pressure in the event that the tank pressure exceeded a predetermined value.
- Fuel is delivered to the engine through the fuel line which is connected to a fuel line attachment on the tank.
- the pressure in the tank decreases due to the reduction in volume of fuel in the fuel bladder.
- the pressure transducer output correspondingly changes, and the program of the vehicle computer turns on the air pump as needed to maintain pressure in the tank.
- the fuel line attachment includes a shut-off valve which would be open (allowing fuel delivery to the engine) while the engine is cranking or running and closed (prevents fuel from entering the fuel line) while the engine is off.
- the filler door is interfaced with a sensor switch which is connected to the vehicle computer or directly connected to the air pump system.
- a vent valve actuator triggers the vent valve to open, thereby relieving the pressure in the tank.
- the filler cap is coupled with a cap actuator which prevents filler cap removal from the filler pipe unless fuel pressure in the fuel bladder has dropped to atmospheric pressure.
- the filler pipe includes a grommet that the fuel station nozzle fits through. The grommet reduces the likelihood of air being drawn into the fuel bladder during filling. Also, the filler pipe is attached to the tank at a location that will allow residual air to escape from the fuel bladder prior to the fuel cap being replaced.
- the filler pipe further has a filler pipe check valve which selectively prevents pressurized fuel from exiting the fuel bladder. As the fuel bladder is pressurized during vehicle operation, the filler neck check valve is forced closed. The filler pipe check valve has a low reopening pressure which prevents air from entering the fuel bladder when the fuel cap is removed. When fuel is added to the vehicle, the filler pipe check valve will reopen without causing the fuel fill nozzle to shut off prematurely.
- Several benefits of the low fuel vapor emissions fuel system include: lack of fuel vapor emissions to the atmosphere, elimination of an electric fuel pump in contact with fuel, elimination of a fuel sensor submerged in the fuel, elimination of FVCS, redundant fuel containment, and fuel flow unaffected by temperature and battery voltage.
- FIG. 1 is a partly sectional side view of the low fuel vapor emissions fuel system according to the present invention, wherein the fuel bladder is shown substantially full.
- FIG. 2 is a partly sectional side view of the low vapor emissions fuel system, wherein the fuel bladder is shown substantially empty.
- FIG. 3 is a partly sectional side view of a filler cap control system of the low fuel vapor emissions fuel system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a program for implementing the control functions of the low fuel vapor emissions fuel system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 depicts a low fuel vapor emissions fuel system 10 for a motor vehicle.
- the low fuel vapor emissions system 10 includes a rigid tank 12 , a very flexible fuel bladder 14 located within the tank, a fuel line attachment 16 for connecting a fuel line 16 a to the tank and the bladder, a filler pipe 18 , a filler pipe attachment 20 for attaching the filler pipe to the tank and the bladder, a fuel level sensor 22 , and an air pump system 24 .
- the air pump system 24 includes an air pump 26 , an air intake filter 28 , a pressure transducer 30 , an exhaust system 32 with a vent valve 34 and a muffler 36 , a check valve 38 , and interconnecting air pipes 40 .
- a fill regulator system 42 is further provided (see FIG. 3 ), a grommet 46 , a fuel cap 48 , as well as a filler door sensor 50 and a filler cap actuator 52 (see FIG. 3 ).
- the tank 12 is structured to withstand the fuel pressure required by the engine, being preferably composed of metal, but may be composed of an alternative material, such as a plastic or a composite.
- the fuel bladder 14 is molded to the shape of the inside of the tank 12 .
- the fuel bladder 14 is made of a very flexible material with very low fuel permeability, as for example Butadiene/Acrylonitrile (NBR) with a tetrafluorethylene-hexafluoropropylene (THV) barrier layer.
- NBR Butadiene/Acrylonitrile
- TSV tetrafluorethylene-hexafluoropropylene
- the fuel bladder 14 is size variable and expands as it is filled with fuel when fuel F is added thereto.
- the tank 12 is not exposed to the fuel, in that the fuel is completely contained by the fuel bladder 14 .
- Fuel F is delivered to the engine (not shown) through a fuel line 16 a which is connected to the fuel line attachment 16 .
- the fuel line attachment 16 includes a fitting 54 which sealingly connects with the tank 12 and the bladder 14 .
- a bladder line 56 terminates in a filtered inlet 58 .
- the fuel line attachment 16 includes a fuel shut-off valve 60 which is open to allow fuel to pass to the engine while the engine is cranking or running and is closed to thereby prevent fuel F from entering fuel line 16 a while the engine is off.
- the fuel shut-off valve 60 is preferably computer controlled, as will be discussed hereinbelow.
- the filler pipe attachment 20 is sealingly secured to the tank 12 and the bladder 14 via a fitting 62 .
- the filler pipe attachment 20 contains a filler pipe check valve 64 which prevents pressurized fuel from exiting the fuel bladder 14 and filling the filler pipe 18 .
- the filler pipe check valve 64 is forced closed by fluid pressure.
- the filler pipe check valve 64 has a low reopening pressure which prevents air from entering the fuel bladder 14 when the filler cap 48 is removed.
- the filler pipe check valve can be electronically actuated by command from the vehicle computer. When fuel is added to the vehicle, the filler pipe check valve 64 will reopen without causing the fuel station fill nozzle to shut off prematurely.
- the filler pipe 18 also includes a grommet 46 that the fuel station fill nozzle fits through.
- the grommet 46 reduces the likelihood of air being drawn into the fuel bladder 14 during fueling.
- the filler pipe attachment 20 is located so that residual air in the fuel bladder 14 is able to escape prior to the filler cap 48 being replaced.
- FIG. 1 depicts the fuel bladder 14 when nearly full of fuel F
- FIG. 2 depicts the bladder condition when fuel F is nearly exhausted.
- FIG. 3 depicts an example of a fill regulator system 42 .
- the filler cap 48 is threadably engaged with the filler pipe 18 .
- the filler cap 48 provides an air tight seal when tightened.
- the filler cap 48 is protected and hidden behind a filler door 66 .
- the filler door is hingeably attached 68 to the vehicle body 70 in optionally a spring biased closed modality.
- a filler door sensor 50 detects the closed and open states of the filler door 66 , and provides a signal to the vehicle computer for operating the vent valve 34 .
- a filler cap actuator 52 is provided which is capable of interferingly engaging the filler cap 48 so as to prevent its removal.
- the filler cap 48 includes an annularly toothed portion 72 wherein an actuator pin 52 a interferingly engages a slot between the teeth when extended. When the actuator pin 52 a is retracted, the filler cap is free to rotate.
- the fill regulator system 42 ensures that the filler cap 48 will be removed only when the fuel bladder is at atmospheric pressure.
- the air pump 26 of the air pump system 24 is any commercially available air pressurizing device, which, for example, may be of the centrifugal type, and which is able to deliver pressures in excess of the fuel pressure needed by the engine.
- the air filter 28 includes a housing and a replaceable filter element of a conventional type.
- the check valve 38 is a one-way gas valve of conventional type.
- the pressure transducer 30 is a conventional pressure sensor having a voltage output responsive to differential gas pressure between the atmosphere and the pressure in the cavity 74 formed between the fuel bladder 14 and the tank 12 .
- the output from the pressure transducer 30 is connected to the vehicle computer 76 .
- the vent valve 34 is controlled open or closed by the vehicle computer 76 , wherein the muffler 36 provides a quiet discharge of air from the cavity 74 when the vent valve is opened.
- the vent valve 34 includes an over pressure relief (poppet) valve.
- the over pressure relief valve is a safety feature that would open and relieve tank pressure in the event that the tank pressure exceeded a predetermined value.
- the air pipes 40 provide a sealed interconnection of the aforesaid components with respect to the tank 12 , via a fitting 78 such that the vent valve 34 and the air pump 26 communicate with the cavity
- FIG. 4 depicts a flow chart for a program for the vehicle computer 76 which enables the low fuel vapor emissions fuel system 10 .
- the program is initialized.
- decision block 82 the program inquires whether the filler door is open. If yes, this indicates a fueling scenario is about to begin. Consequently, the program, at execution block 84 , sends a signal to the vent valve to open so that the cavity pressure (CP) within the tank can achieve atmospheric. If the pressure transducer indicates cavity pressure has acquired atmospheric at decision block 86 , then the program, at execution block 88 , actuates the filler cap actuator to allow the filler cap to be removed from the filler pipe. Now fueling can ensue. The program then returns at execution block 90 to await completion of refueling and the closure of the filler door at execution block 82 .
- the program then inquires at decision block 94 whether the ignition is on. If not, the program, at execution block 96 , sends a signal to close the fuel shut-off valve and depressurize the cavity, and then, at execution block 98 , returns to the start block 80 .
- the program, at execution block opens the fuel shut-off valve.
- the program inquires at decision block 102 whether the cavity pressure CP is equal to a nominal fuel pressure FP for operation of the engine. This pressure can vary depending on engine operating conditions and is an input to the vehicle computer. If the cavity pressure is lower than the nominal fuel pressure, the program, at execution block 104 sends a signal to the air pump 26 to operate. If at decision block 102 , the cavity pressure is at the required fuel pressure, the air pump is turned off at execution block 106 and, at execution block 108 , the program returns to the start block 80 .
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/561,892 US6260544B1 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2000-05-01 | Low fuel vapor emissions fuel system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/561,892 US6260544B1 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2000-05-01 | Low fuel vapor emissions fuel system |
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US6260544B1 true US6260544B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
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US09/561,892 Expired - Fee Related US6260544B1 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2000-05-01 | Low fuel vapor emissions fuel system |
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Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6360729B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-03-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Active fuel system bladder |
US6412476B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-07-02 | Ford Global Tech., Inc. | Fuel system |
US6418915B1 (en) * | 2000-08-05 | 2002-07-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Fuel vapor emission control system employing vacuum |
US6453885B1 (en) * | 1999-12-18 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Vapor removal fuel containment fuel tank |
US20030082427A1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-01 | Ravi Prasad | Fuel supply for a fuel cell |
US6634342B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2003-10-21 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Fuel system for a vehicle |
US6793266B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2004-09-21 | Hyundai Motor Company | Fuel filler door assembly of a vehicle |
US20040200356A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-14 | Kuperus Peter P. | Fuel tank assembly |
US20050116190A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-02 | Paul Adams | Fuel cell supply having fuel compatible materials |
US20050173433A1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2005-08-11 | Spahr Timothy A. | Fuel container having contiguous unbonded polyacetal/polyolefin layers |
US20070006852A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel vapor management for stored fuel using floating particles |
US20070114485A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2007-05-24 | Societe Bic | Fuel Cartridge with Flexible Liner |
US20080037908A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2008-02-14 | Inergy Auto, Systems Research (Societe Anonyme) | Additive Tank for a Vehicle Having an Internal Combustion Engine |
US20090091438A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-09 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | System and method of preventing inadvertent check engine telltale |
US20090314783A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Ambient pressure-responsive variable volume fuel tank |
US20100139296A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-10 | Tire Seal, Inc. | Method and Apparatus for Providing Additive Fluids to Refrigerant Circuit |
US20100307463A1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle Fuel Vapor Management |
US20100307462A1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle Fuel Vapor Management |
WO2011024169A1 (en) * | 2009-08-30 | 2011-03-03 | Peleg Aharoni | A system for preventing and detecting fuel theft |
US20110139788A1 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2011-06-16 | Shuwei Li | Oil Storage and Transportation Apparatus |
US20110175339A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-21 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Passenger motor vehicle with fuel module arranged within a passenger compartment |
US20110192382A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel tank and fuel vapor treatment device equipped with the fuel tank |
US20110266394A1 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fuel gauge for an unmanned aerial vehicle |
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US20120097675A1 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | Sotiriades Aleko D | Closure device for controlling evaporative emissions from a fuel tank |
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US20130277371A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2013-10-24 | Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fuel tank for a motor vehicle |
US8651068B1 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2014-02-18 | Brunswick Corporation | Systems and devices for separating water and contaminants from fuel |
US20140318497A1 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2014-10-30 | Renault Trucks | Vehicle fuel tank arrangement and method for managing the supply of fuel to a vehicle |
US9067489B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2015-06-30 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | System and method of preventing inadvertent check engine telltale |
US20160144711A1 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2016-05-26 | Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation And Research | Method and system for depressurizing a vehicular fuel storage system |
CN105806571A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-07-27 | 斯丹德汽车系统(苏州)有限公司 | Car-mounted fuel system leakage detecting module and detecting method thereof |
JP2016175480A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Propellant storage tank and artificial satellite system having propellant storage tank mounted thereon |
US20170174501A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for preventing fuel tank overfilling |
US20170292476A1 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-10-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for preventing fuel tank overfilling |
US20180093780A1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-05 | Raytheon Company | Expandable Flexible Fuel Tank Device and System for Externally Pressurized Fuel Systems |
US20180281584A1 (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2018-10-04 | Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Operating liquid container system for motor vehicles with improved misfuelling protection |
US10190554B2 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2019-01-29 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel supply device |
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US10414270B2 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2019-09-17 | Ford Global Technologies Llc | Method for opening a refueling door of a vehicle and a refueling door assembly |
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US11377225B2 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2022-07-05 | Agency For Defense Development | Fuel supply system for aerial vehicle |
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Cited By (79)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6634342B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2003-10-21 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Fuel system for a vehicle |
US6453885B1 (en) * | 1999-12-18 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Vapor removal fuel containment fuel tank |
US6360729B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-03-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Active fuel system bladder |
US6412476B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-07-02 | Ford Global Tech., Inc. | Fuel system |
US6418915B1 (en) * | 2000-08-05 | 2002-07-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Fuel vapor emission control system employing vacuum |
US6924054B2 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2005-08-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. | Fuel supply for a fuel cell |
US20030082427A1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-01 | Ravi Prasad | Fuel supply for a fuel cell |
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US20120135335A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2012-05-31 | Societe Bic | Fuel Cartridge with Flexible Liner |
US8748059B2 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2014-06-10 | Societe Bic | Fuel cartridge with flexible liner |
US20070114485A1 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2007-05-24 | Societe Bic | Fuel Cartridge with Flexible Liner |
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