US6879314B1 - Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6879314B1 US6879314B1 US09/667,807 US66780700A US6879314B1 US 6879314 B1 US6879314 B1 US 6879314B1 US 66780700 A US66780700 A US 66780700A US 6879314 B1 US6879314 B1 US 6879314B1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
- B41J2/06—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by electric or magnetic field
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/16755—Substrates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1677—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
- B41J2/06—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by electric or magnetic field
- B41J2002/061—Ejection by electric field of ink or of toner particles contained in ink
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Integrating across the Gaussian surface enclosing the disk electrode relates the net flux to the electric field, which can be expressed as follows:
Therefore, the net electric field can be represented as follows:
The coulumb constant in free space can be represented as follows:
The force acting on a particle of charge Qp can be represented as follows:
F=QpE.
Fgravity=Fee-field
The equation for force due to gravity can be represented as follows:
Fgravity=mpg.
Thus, the equation for net electric field force in z direction due to charged disk can be represented as follows:
wherein:
-
- ε=permittivity of medium,
- R=radius of disk electrode,
- Ad=area of disk,
- d=particle distance from disk plane along z axis,
- Qd=charge on disk electrode,
- Qp=charge of particle,
- g=gravitational constant, and
- mp=mass of particle.
Claims (64)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/667,807 US6879314B1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2000-09-22 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
US10/216,445 US7170470B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2002-08-12 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
US11/010,395 US7427978B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2004-12-14 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15643299P | 1999-09-28 | 1999-09-28 | |
US09/667,807 US6879314B1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2000-09-22 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/216,445 Division US7170470B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2002-08-12 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
US11/010,395 Continuation US7427978B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2004-12-14 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6879314B1 true US6879314B1 (en) | 2005-04-12 |
Family
ID=26853175
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/667,807 Expired - Fee Related US6879314B1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2000-09-22 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
US10/216,445 Expired - Fee Related US7170470B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2002-08-12 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
US11/010,395 Expired - Fee Related US7427978B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2004-12-14 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/216,445 Expired - Fee Related US7170470B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2002-08-12 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
US11/010,395 Expired - Fee Related US7427978B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2004-12-14 | Methods and apparatus for subjecting an element to an electrical field |
Country Status (1)
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US (3) | US6879314B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100156768A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-24 | Fletcher Ii James Douglas | Display media, method of forming display media, and printer for printing on display media |
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN100543822C (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2009-09-23 | 株式会社普利司通 | The driving method of information display device and the information display device that uses it |
US7755600B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-07-13 | Bridgestone Corporation | Method for driving information display device and information display device using the method |
KR100629207B1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-27 | 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 | Light Blocking Display Driven by Electric Field |
KR100631291B1 (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-04 | 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 | Light reflecting display driven by electric field |
JP2008540710A (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2008-11-20 | サイテック サーフェース スペシャリティーズ、エス.エイ. | Radiation curable methacrylate polyester |
CN109547851A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-29 | 北京微播视界科技有限公司 | Video broadcasting method, device and electronic equipment |
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-
2000
- 2000-09-22 US US09/667,807 patent/US6879314B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-12 US US10/216,445 patent/US7170470B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-12-14 US US11/010,395 patent/US7427978B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7427978B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 |
US20050200592A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US20020190936A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US7170470B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
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