US6889435B1 - Attachment of metal components by thermal drilling - Google Patents
Attachment of metal components by thermal drilling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6889435B1 US6889435B1 US10/139,512 US13951202A US6889435B1 US 6889435 B1 US6889435 B1 US 6889435B1 US 13951202 A US13951202 A US 13951202A US 6889435 B1 US6889435 B1 US 6889435B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- component
- wall
- holder
- fuel rail
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49231—I.C. [internal combustion] engine making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49398—Muffler, manifold or exhaust pipe making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
- Y10T29/4943—Plumbing fixture making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
- Y10T29/49446—Ferrule making or reforming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49833—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part
- Y10T29/49835—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part with shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49833—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part
- Y10T29/49835—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part with shaping
- Y10T29/49837—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part with shaping of first part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of attaching metal components to each other by means of thermal drilling, and more particularly to a fuel rail and method of assembly in which component holders are externally attached to a tubular fuel rail by use of thermal drilling techniques.
- openings in metal bodies including tubular metal bodies
- thermal drilling techniques also known as flow drilling techniques. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,939,683, 4,132,097, 4,185,486, 4,428,214 and 4,454,741.
- a rapidly rotating piercing tool of hard material is brought into contact with an external surface of the wall of the body. Frictional heat and pressure of the piercing tool against the body cause material to flow axially and radially forming an opening through the wall of the body.
- the opening is surrounded by an annular collar formed by thermal flow of material along from the tool.
- a general object of the present invention is to utilize thermal drilling techniques of this type to secure two metal components to each other.
- An illustrative, but non-limiting, exemplary embodiment of the invention employs thermal drilling techniques to join a component holder to the external surface of a tubular fuel rail for an internal combustion engine.
- a method of securing a metal component to a body having a metal wall includes placing the component against the body such that a wall of the component is in external surface contact with the wall of the body. An opening is then thermally drilled through the abutting walls of the component and the body, causing thermal flow of material on opposite sides of the abutting walls that, when hardened, joins the component to the body.
- a method of securing a metal cup-shaped component holder to an external surface of a hollow tubular fuel rail for an internal combustion engine includes locating the component holder such that a base wall of the holder is in external tangential surface contact with the fuel rail, and forming an opening through the base wall and through the fuel rail where the base wall is in contact with the fuel rail, by a thermal drilling process, to secure the holder to the fuel rail by thermal flow of material into the holder and the fuel rail surrounding the opening.
- a fuel rail assembly in accordance with another aspect of the invention includes a hollow tubular metal fuel rail having an external surface and at least one metal component holder externally attached to the fuel rail.
- the component holder has a flat wall with a first portion in external tangential contact with a second portion of the external surface.
- the component holder is attached to the fuel rail by means of an annular collar formed by flow of metal from the wall and the tube around an opening that extends through the first and second portions.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a fuel rail assembly in accordance with an exemplary but presently preferred implementation of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 2 — 2 of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevational view of a portion of the fuel rail assembly in FIG. 2 at an intermediate stage of manufacture
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic illustrations of sequential stages of joining the components of the fuel rail assembly to each other by means of thermal drilling;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view that illustrates the fuel rail assembly at the stage of manufacture following the thermal drilling process, being taken substantially along the line 6 — 6 in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 6A is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale of the portion of FIG. 6 within the area 6 A.
- FIGS. 1-2 illustrate a fuel rail assembly 10 , in accordance with an exemplary but presently preferred implementation of the invention, as comprising a tubular metal fuel rail 12 having a plurality of metal component holders 14 externally secured thereto.
- Fuel rail 12 is illustrated as a hollow cylindrical tubular fuel rail, although non-cylindrical geometries could be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
- Component holders 14 are cup-shaped holders having a generally cylindrical side wall 15 open at its upper end and integrally joined at its lower end to a flat base wall 16 that is initially imperforate and the major dimension of which extends generally radially of the central axis of wall 15 .
- Holders 14 may be employed, for example, for mounting fuel injectors, dampers, inlet or outlet tubes or the like to the fuel rail assembly.
- Holder base wall 16 is in tangential contact with the external surface of the body of tubular fuel rail 12 .
- Holders 14 and fuel rail 12 may be of any suitable metal construction, such as low carbon steel or stainless steel.
- a hollow collar 18 surrounds an opening that extends through the abutting surfaces of fuel rail 12 and holder 14 .
- Collar 18 has a flange 20 disposed within the interior of holder 14 against base wall 16 firmly holding holder 16 against the external surface of fuel rail tube 12 .
- flange 20 likewise is formed such that its major dimension extends generally radially of the central axis of wall 15 so that flange 20 extends parallel to base wall 16 in snug overlapping clamping relation therewith.
- a ring 22 of brazing material preferably externally extends around the abutting surface portions of holder 18 and fuel rail 12 additionally securing the holder to the fuel rail.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically illustrate the method of attaching holder 14 to tubular fuel rail 12 in accordance with the present invention.
- Base wall 16 of holder 14 is brought into tangential external surface contact with fuel rail 12 , and may be temporarily fixtured in this position by suitable means not shown.
- the abutting portions of the holder and rail are initially imperforate.
- a rapidly rotating piercing tool 24 is then brought into contact with base wall 16 of holder 14 in alignment with the line of surface contact between holder 14 and fuel rail 12 .
- the speed of rotation of the tool will depend upon the manufacturer, the number of holders simultaneously assembled to the fuel rail, and other factors.
- tool 24 has a conically shaped pointed tip portion 25 that merges smoothly at its upper end with a constant diameter cylindrical shank portion 27 .
- Shank portion 27 terminates at its upper end at a radially extending flat abutment undersurface 28 of a diametrically enlarged follower shoulder portion 26 of tool 24 .
- a hole is formed through the abutting walls of holder 14 and fuel rail 12 by thermal flow of material around the surface of the piercing tool.
- This material flows radially and axially along tool 24 into fuel rail 12 and into holder 14 where flange 20 is formed by abutment of the diametrically enlarged follower shoulder portion 26 of tool 24 .
- the flow material from holder 14 generally forms flange 20 by metal flow radially outwardly between abutment undersurface 28 and base wall 16 so as to cause flange 20 to radially overlap base wall 16 in clamping relation therewith.
- This flow of material also forms the inner portion of collar 18 , and the flow material from rail 12 generally forms the outer portion of the collar, although these materials flow together so that there (preferably) is no sharp line of demarcation. The material flows weld the parts to each other.
- Tool 24 is then withdrawn, leaving holder 14 attached to fuel rail 12 by means of the physical structure of collar 18 after the material has hardened, which effectively welds cup-shaped holder 14 to the external surface of fuel rail tube 12 .
- This securement of holder 14 to fuel rail tube 12 by thermal drilling preferably is enhanced by placement of a brazing ring 22 externally around the portions of the joined surfaces, and subjecting the fuel rail assembly to an otherwise conventional brazing operation.
- the assembly method of the present invention eliminates any need for separately piercing or drilling the opening in the fuel rail tube, with the consequent formation of shavings or slugs that must be removed from the assembly.
- the method of assembly in accordance with the present invention also eliminates any need to align preformed openings in the holder and tube, such as by press fit or other alignment techniques.
- the method of the present invention reduces assembly cost and complexity, and improves the quality of the resulting assembly.
- the thermal flow weld-like joint holds the components to each other at brazing temperatures (around 2000° F.).
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/139,512 US6889435B1 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2002-05-06 | Attachment of metal components by thermal drilling |
MXPA03003896A MXPA03003896A (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2003-04-30 | Attachment of metal components by thermal drilling. |
AU2003204030A AU2003204030A1 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2003-05-05 | Attachment of Metal Components by Thermal Drilling |
DE10320140A DE10320140A1 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2003-05-06 | Method for fixing metal component to hollow metal body involves placing component against body and thermo-drilling opening through both whereby materials fuse for connection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/139,512 US6889435B1 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2002-05-06 | Attachment of metal components by thermal drilling |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6889435B1 true US6889435B1 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
Family
ID=29399332
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/139,512 Expired - Fee Related US6889435B1 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2002-05-06 | Attachment of metal components by thermal drilling |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6889435B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003204030A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10320140A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03003896A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050062937A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2005-03-24 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination apparatus, and image capturing apparatus and projector apparatus using this illumination apparatus |
US20050217100A1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-10-06 | Skh Technologies Llc | Method for attaching filamentary members to a substrate |
US20080160337A1 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2008-07-03 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Component joining |
US20100003019A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2010-01-07 | Robert John Watts | Humidifier Unit |
US20100194290A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-08-05 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination light source device |
CN105880693A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-08-24 | 孙惊 | Flanging drill bit and welding process for drilling hole in copper tube by same |
DE102017116708A1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-24 | Peter Martin Dufter | Method for producing a friction-welded joint |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007042281A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Method for attaching a probe to an exhaust gas treatment device |
DE102017129801A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Holder with integrated pipe piece for fastening a component provided for the passage through a fluid to a structure of a motor vehicle |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3939683A (en) | 1974-11-28 | 1976-02-24 | Geffen Johannes Adrianus Van | Piercing tools |
US4132097A (en) | 1977-11-03 | 1979-01-02 | Tridan Tool & Machine, Inc. | Method for forming collared holes |
US4175413A (en) | 1977-01-27 | 1979-11-27 | Technisch Handels- En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V. | Methods and apparatuses for forming by frictional heat and pressure holes surrounded each by a boss in a metal plate or the wall of a metal tube |
US4185486A (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1980-01-29 | Technisch Handels- En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V. | Rotatable piercing tools for forming bossed holes |
US4260094A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1981-04-07 | Technisch Handels-En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V. | Method of interconnecting several parts, such as a piece of tubing and a plate, a tube or similar body |
US4428214A (en) | 1982-02-08 | 1984-01-31 | Deere & Company | Flow drilling process and tool therefor |
US4454741A (en) | 1982-02-19 | 1984-06-19 | Flowdrill B.V. | Flow drill for the provision of holes in sheet material |
US4887853A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-12-19 | Itt Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing a unitary assembly of tubing and a terminating fitting |
DE4224131A1 (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1994-01-27 | Stabilus Gmbh | Method of producing connection socket on pressure hose - involves placing disc in hole drilled in side of tube, making flat surface on top of deformed disc and then making thread |
US5573519A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1996-11-12 | Zohmann; Walter A. | Atraumatic needle for lumbar puncture |
US5984138A (en) | 1995-05-31 | 1999-11-16 | Dana Corporation | Tanks with flow drill bushings for receiving couplings |
US6470859B2 (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2002-10-29 | Usai Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | Fuel delivery rail assembly |
-
2002
- 2002-05-06 US US10/139,512 patent/US6889435B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-30 MX MXPA03003896A patent/MXPA03003896A/en unknown
- 2003-05-05 AU AU2003204030A patent/AU2003204030A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-06 DE DE10320140A patent/DE10320140A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3939683A (en) | 1974-11-28 | 1976-02-24 | Geffen Johannes Adrianus Van | Piercing tools |
US4175413A (en) | 1977-01-27 | 1979-11-27 | Technisch Handels- En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V. | Methods and apparatuses for forming by frictional heat and pressure holes surrounded each by a boss in a metal plate or the wall of a metal tube |
US4132097A (en) | 1977-11-03 | 1979-01-02 | Tridan Tool & Machine, Inc. | Method for forming collared holes |
US4185486A (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1980-01-29 | Technisch Handels- En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V. | Rotatable piercing tools for forming bossed holes |
US4260094A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1981-04-07 | Technisch Handels-En Adviesbureau Van Geffen B.V. | Method of interconnecting several parts, such as a piece of tubing and a plate, a tube or similar body |
US4428214A (en) | 1982-02-08 | 1984-01-31 | Deere & Company | Flow drilling process and tool therefor |
US4454741A (en) | 1982-02-19 | 1984-06-19 | Flowdrill B.V. | Flow drill for the provision of holes in sheet material |
US4887853A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-12-19 | Itt Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing a unitary assembly of tubing and a terminating fitting |
DE4224131A1 (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1994-01-27 | Stabilus Gmbh | Method of producing connection socket on pressure hose - involves placing disc in hole drilled in side of tube, making flat surface on top of deformed disc and then making thread |
US5573519A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1996-11-12 | Zohmann; Walter A. | Atraumatic needle for lumbar puncture |
US5984138A (en) | 1995-05-31 | 1999-11-16 | Dana Corporation | Tanks with flow drill bushings for receiving couplings |
US6470859B2 (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2002-10-29 | Usai Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | Fuel delivery rail assembly |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7128423B2 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2006-10-31 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination apparatus, and image capturing apparatus and projector apparatus using this illumination apparatus |
US20070013879A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2007-01-18 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination apparatus, and image capturing apparatus and projector apparatus using this illumination apparatus |
US7322705B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2008-01-29 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination apparatus, and image capturing apparatus and projector apparatus using this illumination apparatus |
US20050062937A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2005-03-24 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination apparatus, and image capturing apparatus and projector apparatus using this illumination apparatus |
US20050217100A1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-10-06 | Skh Technologies Llc | Method for attaching filamentary members to a substrate |
US7165311B2 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2007-01-23 | Skh Technologies Llc | Method for attaching filamentary members to a substrate |
US20100003019A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2010-01-07 | Robert John Watts | Humidifier Unit |
US20080160337A1 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2008-07-03 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Component joining |
US8066173B2 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2011-11-29 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Component joining |
US20100194290A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-08-05 | Olympus Corporation | Illumination light source device |
CN105880693A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-08-24 | 孙惊 | Flanging drill bit and welding process for drilling hole in copper tube by same |
DE102017116708A1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-24 | Peter Martin Dufter | Method for producing a friction-welded joint |
DE102017116708B4 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-31 | Peter Martin Dufter | Method for producing a friction-welded joint |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA03003896A (en) | 2005-04-11 |
AU2003204030A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
DE10320140A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
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Owner name: DANA CORPORATION, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KING, ANTHONY W.;GERARDOT, TODD W.;REEL/FRAME:012873/0242 Effective date: 20020429 |
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Effective date: 20130510 |