US7691406B2 - Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion - Google Patents
Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion Download PDFInfo
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- US7691406B2 US7691406B2 US10/321,921 US32192102A US7691406B2 US 7691406 B2 US7691406 B2 US 7691406B2 US 32192102 A US32192102 A US 32192102A US 7691406 B2 US7691406 B2 US 7691406B2
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- zeaxanthin
- stereoisomer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
- A61K9/1075—Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4858—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4866—Organic macromolecular compounds
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
-
- 1. Zeaxanthin which has been synthesized by F. multivorum is digested in a normal manner, crosses the intestinal barrier, and enters the bloodstream after being fed to the birds.
- 2. Zeaxanthin which has been synthesized by F. multivorum is taken up by yellow-pigmented retinal cells in the birds' eyes, in sufficient quantities to help protect retinal tissue against phototoxic damage.
- 3. Zeaxanthin is substantially more potent and effective than either β-carotene or vitamin E in protecting the pigmented portion of the retina against light-induced damage, as evidenced by the higher potency of zeaxanthin in preventing or reducing the quantities of drusen and/or lipofuscin in the retinas of test animals exposed for prolonged periods to high intensity blue light.
- 4. Although any predictions about retinal aging processes in small animals that live for only about 1 to 4 years must be qualified, zeaxanthin is expected to be able to reduce drusen and/or lipofuscin accumulation in the retinas of test animals that have not been subjected to abnormal amounts of light, but which have aged to a one-year time frame, which in Japanese quail has been shown to be sufficient for demonstrating age-related accumulation of drusen and lipofuscin.
- 5. There is likely to be a direct dose-response relationship between the quantity of zeaxanthin which is fed to the birds, and the amount of protection provided to the retinal tissue.
- Bauernfeind, J. C. (ed.), Carotenoids as Colorants and Vitamin A Precursors: Technological and Nutritional Applications Academic Press, New York, 1981)
- Bone, R. A., “The role of the macular pigment in the detection of polarized light,” Vision Research 20: 213-220 (1980)
- Bone, R. A., et al, “Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment,” Vision Res. 25: 1531-1535 (1985)
- Bone, R. A., et al, “Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC: retinal distribution and age study,” Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. 29: 843-849 (1988)
- Bone R. A., et al, “Stereochemistry of the macular carotenoids,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34: 2033-2040 (1993)
- Bone, R. A., et al, “Distribution of macular pigment stereomers in individual eyes, including those with age-related macular degeneration (AMD),” ARVO Abstracts: Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35: 1502 (1994)
- di Mascio, P., et al, “Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher,” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 274: 532-538 (1989)
- Dorey, C. K., et al, “Lipofuscin in aged and AMD eyes,” in Retinal Degeneration (Hollyfield et al, editors, Plenum Press, New York, 1993)
- Eye Disease Case Control Study Group, “Antioxidant status and neovascular age-related macular degeneration,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 11: 104-109 (1993)
- Eye Disease Case Control Study Group, “Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 10: 1701-1708 (1992)
- Foote, C. S., et al, “Chemistry of singlet oxygen. XI. Cis-Trans isomerization of carotenoids by singlet oxygen and a probable quenching mechanism,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 92: 5218-5219 (1970)
- Foote, C. S., et al, “Chemistry of singlet oxygen. X. Carotenoid quenching parallels biological protection,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 92: 5216-5218 (1970)
- Gerster, H., “Review: antioxidant protection of the ageing macula,” Age and Aging 20: 60-69 (1991)
- Gittinger, J. W., Manual of Clinical and Problem Ophthalmology (Little-Brown, Boston, 1988)
- Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G., “Short-wavelength-sensitive-cone sensitivity loss with aging: a protective role for macular pigment?,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A5: 2140-2144 (1988)
- Ham, W. T.,Jr., et al, “Basic mechanisms underlying the production of photochemical lesions in the mammalian retina,” Current Eye Research 3: 165-174 (1984)
- Handelman, G. J. and Dratz, E. A., “The role of antioxidants in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and the nature of prooxidant-induced damage,” Adv. in Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2: 1-89 (1986)
- Handelman, G. J., et al, “Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 29: 850-855 (1988)
- Jialal, I., et al, “β-Carotene inhibits the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1086: 134-138 (1991)
- Khachik, F., et al, “Separation, identification and quantification of carotenoids in fruits, vegetables and human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography,” Pure and Applied Chemistry 63: 71-80 (1991)
- Kirschfeld, K., “Carotenoid pigments: their possible role in protecting against photooxidation in eyes and photoreceptor cells,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 216: 71-85 (1982)
- Malinow, M. R., et al, “Diet-related macular anomalies in monkeys,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 19: 857-863 (1980)
- Olson, J. A., “Absorption, transport, and metabolism of carotenoids in humans,” Pure and Applied Chemistry 66:5 1011-1016 (1994)
- Pease, P. L., et al, “Optical density of human macular pigment,” Vision Res. 27: 705-710 (1987)
- Peto, R., et al, “Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?” Nature 290: 201-208 (1981)
- Schalch, W., “Carotenoids in the retina—a review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen,” EXS 62: 280-298 (1992)
- Seddon, J. M., et al, “Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration, ” JAMA 272: 1413-1420 (1994)
- Snodderly, D. M., et al, “The macular pigment. I. Absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 25: 660-673 (1984)
- Sperduto, R. D., et al, “Do we have a nutritional treatment for age-related cataract or macular degeneration?,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 108: 1403-1405 (1990)
- Taylor, A., et al, “Oxidation and aging: impact on vision,” Journal of Toxicology and Industrial Health 9: 349-371 (1993)
- Vaughn, D. and Asbury, T., General Ophthalmology, 13th ed. (Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, Conn., 1992)
- Wald, G., “The photochemistry of vision,” Doc. Ophthalmol. 3: 94 (1949)
- Weiter, J. J., et al, “Central sparing in annular macular degeneration,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 106: 286-292 (1988)
- Werner, J. S., et al, “Aging and human macular pigment density,” Vision Res. 27: 257-268 (1987)
Claims (54)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/321,921 US7691406B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-17 | Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/699,985 USRE38009E1 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 2000-10-27 | Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion |
US10/321,921 US7691406B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-17 | Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/699,985 Continuation USRE38009E1 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 2000-10-27 | Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030108598A1 US20030108598A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
US7691406B2 true US7691406B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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US10/321,921 Active 2025-01-09 US7691406B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-17 | Zeaxanthin formulations for human ingestion |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8247615B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2012-08-21 | Kalamazoo Holdings, Inc. | Process of converting esterified xanthophylls from Capsicum to non-esterified xanthophylls in high yields and purities |
US8716533B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-05-06 | Kalamazoo Holdings, Inc. | Methods of saponifying xanthophyll esters and isolating xanthophylls |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007012204A1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Pharma Base S.A. | Process for the production of zeaxanthin |
US7942526B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2011-05-17 | Zeavision, Llc. | Diagnostic, prescriptive, and data-gathering system and method for macular pigment deficits and other eye disorders |
AU2010290970B2 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2014-12-04 | Omniactive Health Technologies Ltd. | A xanthophyl composition containing macular pigments and a process for its preparation |
JP5851392B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2016-02-03 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Method for producing zeaxanthin by fermentation |
ES2583004T3 (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2016-09-16 | Vigenent Inc. | Olleya marilimosa and its use in a method for the preparation of a composition containing zeaxanthin |
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