US7918806B2 - Guide wire with adjustable flexibility - Google Patents

Guide wire with adjustable flexibility Download PDF

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Publication number
US7918806B2
US7918806B2 US11/352,753 US35275306A US7918806B2 US 7918806 B2 US7918806 B2 US 7918806B2 US 35275306 A US35275306 A US 35275306A US 7918806 B2 US7918806 B2 US 7918806B2
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Prior art keywords
heat source
shaft
polymeric member
guide wire
flexibility
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US11/352,753
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US20060127561A1 (en
Inventor
Stephen Griffin
Gregory E. Mirigian
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Boston Scientific Scimed Inc
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Boston Scientific Scimed Inc
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Assigned to BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC. reassignment BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCIMED LIFE SYSTEMS, INC.
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/09Guide wires
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/09Guide wires
    • A61M2025/0915Guide wires having features for changing the stiffness
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/09Guide wires
    • A61M2025/09175Guide wires having specific characteristics at the distal tip

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to intravascular guide wires.
  • the present invention relates to intravascular guide wires having adjustable flexibility.
  • Intravascular guide wires are often used to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic devices to remote vascular sites in the human body.
  • intravascular guide wires are used to navigate through a patient's vasculature from a convenient location outside the patient's body, to a target site inside the patient's body requiring diagnosis and/or therapy. Once access to the target site has been provided by the guide wire, a therapeutic or diagnostic device (e.g., catheter) may then be advanced over the guide wire to the target site, and the desired therapeutic or diagnostic steps may be performed.
  • a therapeutic or diagnostic device e.g., catheter
  • the guide wire To facilitate navigation in tortuous vasculature, it is desirable that the guide wire have a relatively flexible distal end. To provide good support for devices advanced over the guide wire, it is desirable that the guide wire have a relatively stiff distal end. Conventional guide wires typically address these competing needs by establishing a compromise in flexibility and stiffness. However, it would be desirable to have a guide wire that does not compromise these competing needs.
  • the present invention provides, in one exemplary embodiment, a guide wire that has a distal portion with adjustable flexibility.
  • the guide wire includes a distal polymeric member and a heat source.
  • the heat source may be activated by a power supply, which causes the polymeric member to increase in temperature, to thereby increase the flexibility of the distal portion of the guide wire.
  • the polymeric member may comprise a shape memory polymer having a glass transition temperature, wherein the increase in temperature is across the glass transition temperature.
  • the increase in flexibility of the distal portion of the guide wire enhances the ability of the guide wire to navigate vasculature of varying degrees of tortuosity.
  • the heat source may be deactivated, which causes the polymeric member to decrease in temperature, to thereby increase the stiffness of the distal portion of the guide wire and provide enhanced support for devices advanced thereon.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a guide wire system, including a guide wire, a controller/power source and a coupling/lead therebetween, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 , illustrating in detail the distal portion of the guide wire shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a guide wire system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the guide wire system includes a guide wire 10 connected to a controller and power source 50 by a coupling 40 and lead 60 .
  • Guide wire 10 includes an elongate shaft 12 having a proximal portion 14 and a distal portion 16 .
  • Distal portion 16 includes a soft atraumatic tip 18 .
  • the proximal portion 14 of the shaft 12 is relatively stiff to provide pushability and torquability, and the distal portion 16 has adjustable flexibility to provide trackability in navigating tortuous vasculature and support for devices advanced thereover.
  • the guide wire 10 may have conventional dimensions and may be formed of conventional materials using conventional techniques known for intravascular guide wires used to navigate the human vasculature to remote locations including, but not limited to, the neurovasculature, the coronary vasculature, and the peripheral vasculature.
  • the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10 includes a heat source that is thermally connected to a polymeric member that increases in flexibility when heated, and increases in stiffness (e.g., returns to its nominal flexibility or stiffness at body temperature) when cooled.
  • a heat source that is thermally connected to a polymeric member that increases in flexibility when heated, and increases in stiffness (e.g., returns to its nominal flexibility or stiffness at body temperature) when cooled.
  • the flexibility of the polymeric member may be adjusted.
  • the flexibility of the distal portion 16 may be increased by activating the heat source, which enhances the ability of the guide wire 10 to navigate tortuous vasculature to a target site.
  • the heat source may be deactivated to cause the distal portion 16 to increase in stiffness, which enhances guide wire 10 support provided for devices (e.g., catheters) advanced thereon.
  • a controller/power supply 50 is connected by lead 60 to a coupling 40 which is releasably and rotatably connected to the proximal portion 14 of the guide wire shaft 12 .
  • Controller/power supply 50 may comprise a conventional power supply with conventional control circuitry to provide a constant or modulated AC or DC signal.
  • the signal is transmitted by lead 60 , which may comprise two (or more) conductors.
  • the conductors in the lead 60 may be connected to leads in the shaft 12 of the guide wire by coupling 40 .
  • Coupling 40 may be removable to permit devices such as catheters to be advanced over the proximal end of the guide wire 10 .
  • Coupling 40 may also be rotatable to permit the guide wire to be rotated and steered during intravascular navigation.
  • the shaft 12 includes a hypotube 22 which may comprise, for example, stainless steel or a super elastic metal such as a nickel titanium alloy, Nitinol, MP35N, Inconel, etc.
  • the hypotube 22 may extend from the proximal end of the guide wire shaft 12 , and may include an outer sleeve 24 comprising a polymer such as polyurethane.
  • a tapered core wire 26 may extend through the lumen in the hypotube 22 , and may comprise stainless steel or a super elastic metal such as a nickel titanium alloy, Nitinol, MP35N, Inconel, etc.
  • the distal end of the hypotube 22 in the region of the distal tip 18 may be helically slotted 28 to enhance flexibility.
  • the distal end of the core wire 26 may be welded to the distal end of the slotted portion 28 of the hypotube 22 to form an atraumatic weld ball 30 .
  • a polymeric outer tube 36 may be disposed about the resistive heater coil 32 , and a polymeric inner tube 38 may be provided to support the heater coil 32 .
  • the polymeric outer tube 36 and/or the polymeric inner tube 38 may be formed of a polymer that changes in stiffness when heated.
  • the polymeric outer tube 36 and/or the polymeric inner tube 38 may be formed of a polymer that is relatively stiff at temperatures at or below body temperature (37° C. or less) and relatively flexible at temperatures above body temperature.
  • a polymer may be selected with a glass transition temperature (T g ) that is above body temperature, such that heating the polymer above T g results in the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10 becoming relatively more flexible, and cooling the polymer below T g , even when the guide wire 10 is disposed in the patient's body, results in the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10 becoming relatively more stiff.
  • the polymeric outer tube 36 and/or the polymeric inner tube 38 may be formed of a shape memory polymer (SMP) such as a shape memory polyurethane available from Mitsubishi.
  • SMPs shape memory polymer
  • suitable SMPs include polynorbornenes, polycaprolactones and copolymers thereof available from Pnemoscience.
  • Some SMPs, such as polynorbornene may change flexibility without changing temperature across T g .
  • Such SMPs may be above T g at room temperature or body temperature, and may exhibit SMP characteristics at or near the melt temperature (T m ).

Abstract

A guide wire with a distal portion having adjustable flexibility. The guide wire may include a distal polymeric member and a heat source. The heat source may be activated to cause the polymeric member to increase in temperature and increase in flexibility. The increase in flexibility of the distal portion of the guide wire enhances the ability of the guide wire to navigate tortuous vasculature to a target site. After the guide wire has been navigated to the target site, the heat source may be deactivated to cause the polymeric member to decrease in temperature and increase in stiffness. The increase in stiffness of the distal portion of the guide wire enhances support provided for devices (e.g., catheters) advanced thereon.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/025,428, filed Dec. 18, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,018,346.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to intravascular guide wires. In particular, the present invention relates to intravascular guide wires having adjustable flexibility.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Intravascular guide wires are often used to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic devices to remote vascular sites in the human body. In particular, intravascular guide wires are used to navigate through a patient's vasculature from a convenient location outside the patient's body, to a target site inside the patient's body requiring diagnosis and/or therapy. Once access to the target site has been provided by the guide wire, a therapeutic or diagnostic device (e.g., catheter) may then be advanced over the guide wire to the target site, and the desired therapeutic or diagnostic steps may be performed.
To facilitate navigation in tortuous vasculature, it is desirable that the guide wire have a relatively flexible distal end. To provide good support for devices advanced over the guide wire, it is desirable that the guide wire have a relatively stiff distal end. Conventional guide wires typically address these competing needs by establishing a compromise in flexibility and stiffness. However, it would be desirable to have a guide wire that does not compromise these competing needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To address these needs, the present invention provides, in one exemplary embodiment, a guide wire that has a distal portion with adjustable flexibility. In one example, the guide wire includes a distal polymeric member and a heat source. The heat source may be activated by a power supply, which causes the polymeric member to increase in temperature, to thereby increase the flexibility of the distal portion of the guide wire. The polymeric member may comprise a shape memory polymer having a glass transition temperature, wherein the increase in temperature is across the glass transition temperature.
The increase in flexibility of the distal portion of the guide wire enhances the ability of the guide wire to navigate vasculature of varying degrees of tortuosity. After the guide wire has been navigated to the target site, the heat source may be deactivated, which causes the polymeric member to decrease in temperature, to thereby increase the stiffness of the distal portion of the guide wire and provide enhanced support for devices advanced thereon.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a guide wire system, including a guide wire, a controller/power source and a coupling/lead therebetween, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, illustrating in detail the distal portion of the guide wire shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following description should be read with reference to the drawings wherein like reference numerals indicate like elements throughout the several views. The detailed description and drawings illustrate embodiments by way of example, not limitation.
Refer now to FIG. 1 which illustrates a guide wire system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The guide wire system includes a guide wire 10 connected to a controller and power source 50 by a coupling 40 and lead 60.
Guide wire 10 includes an elongate shaft 12 having a proximal portion 14 and a distal portion 16. Distal portion 16 includes a soft atraumatic tip 18. The proximal portion 14 of the shaft 12 is relatively stiff to provide pushability and torquability, and the distal portion 16 has adjustable flexibility to provide trackability in navigating tortuous vasculature and support for devices advanced thereover.
Except as described herein and implicit in the drawings, the guide wire 10 may have conventional dimensions and may be formed of conventional materials using conventional techniques known for intravascular guide wires used to navigate the human vasculature to remote locations including, but not limited to, the neurovasculature, the coronary vasculature, and the peripheral vasculature.
As will be discussed in more detail with reference to FIG. 2, the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10 includes a heat source that is thermally connected to a polymeric member that increases in flexibility when heated, and increases in stiffness (e.g., returns to its nominal flexibility or stiffness at body temperature) when cooled. Thus, by activating or deactivating the heat source, the flexibility of the polymeric member, and thus the flexibility of the distal portion 16, may be adjusted. For example, the flexibility of the distal portion 16 may be increased by activating the heat source, which enhances the ability of the guide wire 10 to navigate tortuous vasculature to a target site. After the guide wire 10 has been navigated to the desired target site, the heat source may be deactivated to cause the distal portion 16 to increase in stiffness, which enhances guide wire 10 support provided for devices (e.g., catheters) advanced thereon.
To control activation and deactivation of the heat source, a controller/power supply 50 is connected by lead 60 to a coupling 40 which is releasably and rotatably connected to the proximal portion 14 of the guide wire shaft 12. Controller/power supply 50 may comprise a conventional power supply with conventional control circuitry to provide a constant or modulated AC or DC signal. The signal is transmitted by lead 60, which may comprise two (or more) conductors. The conductors in the lead 60 may be connected to leads in the shaft 12 of the guide wire by coupling 40. Coupling 40 may be removable to permit devices such as catheters to be advanced over the proximal end of the guide wire 10. Coupling 40 may also be rotatable to permit the guide wire to be rotated and steered during intravascular navigation.
Refer now to FIG. 2 which illustrates in detail certain aspects of the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10, which may be in common with certain aspects of the proximal portion 14. As seen in FIG. 2, the shaft 12 includes a hypotube 22 which may comprise, for example, stainless steel or a super elastic metal such as a nickel titanium alloy, Nitinol, MP35N, Inconel, etc. The hypotube 22 may extend from the proximal end of the guide wire shaft 12, and may include an outer sleeve 24 comprising a polymer such as polyurethane. A tapered core wire 26 may extend through the lumen in the hypotube 22, and may comprise stainless steel or a super elastic metal such as a nickel titanium alloy, Nitinol, MP35N, Inconel, etc. The distal end of the hypotube 22 in the region of the distal tip 18 may be helically slotted 28 to enhance flexibility. The distal end of the core wire 26 may be welded to the distal end of the slotted portion 28 of the hypotube 22 to form an atraumatic weld ball 30.
As mentioned previously, the distal portion 16 of the guide wire shaft 12 includes a heat source. In this particular example, the heat source comprises a resistive element 32. Resistive element 32 may comprise a tungsten or steel alloy that may be formed into a coil and heated by electro-resistive heating. Heater coil 32 may be disposed between adjacent turns in the slotted portion 28 of the hypotube 22. The resistive heater coil 32 is connected to insultated leads 34 which may be disposed in the lumen of the hypotube 22 around the core wire 26. Leads 34 are connected to coupling 40, which in turn is connected to controller/power supply 50 via lead 60.
A polymeric outer tube 36 may be disposed about the resistive heater coil 32, and a polymeric inner tube 38 may be provided to support the heater coil 32. The polymeric outer tube 36 and/or the polymeric inner tube 38 may be formed of a polymer that changes in stiffness when heated. For example, the polymeric outer tube 36 and/or the polymeric inner tube 38 may be formed of a polymer that is relatively stiff at temperatures at or below body temperature (37° C. or less) and relatively flexible at temperatures above body temperature. For example, a polymer may be selected with a glass transition temperature (Tg) that is above body temperature, such that heating the polymer above Tg results in the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10 becoming relatively more flexible, and cooling the polymer below Tg, even when the guide wire 10 is disposed in the patient's body, results in the distal portion 16 of the guide wire 10 becoming relatively more stiff. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric outer tube 36 and/or the polymeric inner tube 38 may be formed of a shape memory polymer (SMP) such as a shape memory polyurethane available from Mitsubishi. Other examples of suitable SMPs include polynorbornenes, polycaprolactones and copolymers thereof available from Pnemoscience. Some SMPs, such as polynorbornene, may change flexibility without changing temperature across Tg. Such SMPs may be above Tg at room temperature or body temperature, and may exhibit SMP characteristics at or near the melt temperature (Tm).
It should be understood that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, arrangement of parts and order of steps without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention's scope is, of course, defined in the language in which the appended claims are expressed.

Claims (11)

1. A method for manufacturing a guidewire, the method comprising:
providing a tubular shaft having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a helically slotted portion;
disposing a heat source on the shaft, wherein the heat source includes a coil at least partially disposed in the helically slotted portion;
attaching a polymeric member to the outer surface of the shaft about the heat source, the polymeric member being in thermal communication with the heat source and having a first flexibility at a first temperature and a second flexibility at a second temperature; and
attaching a second polymeric member to the inner surface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat source includes an outer surface and wherein at least a portion of the polymeric member is attached to the outer surface of the heat source.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymeric member includes a shape memory polymer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat source includes a resistive heating element.
5. A guidewire manufactured by the method of claim 1.
6. A method for manufacturing a guidewire, the method comprising:
providing a shaft having an outer surface;
wherein the shaft includes a hypotube having a lumen therethrough and a core wire disposed within the lumen;
attaching the distal end of the core wire to the distal end of the hypotube;
disposing a heat source on the shaft, wherein the heat source includes a coil;
wherein at least a portion of the heat source is in contact with at least a portion of the shaft;
wherein the hypotube includes a helically slotted portion and wherein at least a portion of the coil is disposed in the helically slotted portion; and
attaching a polymeric member to the outer surface of the shaft about the heat source, the polymeric member being in thermal communication with the heat source and having a first flexibility at a first temperature and a second flexibility at a second temperature.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the heat source includes an outer surface and wherein at least a portion of the polymeric member is attached to the outer surface of the heat source.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the polymeric member includes a shape memory polymer.
9. A guidewire manufactured by the method of claim 6.
10. A method for manufacturing a guidewire, the method comprising:
providing a tubular shaft having an outer surface, a lumen extending through the shaft from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, the lumen defining an inner surface, and a helically slotted portion formed in the distal end;
disposing a heater coil between adjacent turns in the helically slotted portion;
wherein at least a portion of the heater coil is in contact with at least a portion of the shaft, and wherein the heater coil is connected to insulated leads disposed within the lumen;
disposing a core wire within the lumen;
attaching the distal end of the core wire to the distal end of the shaft; and
coupling a polymeric member to the outer surface of the shaft about the heat source, the polymeric member being in thermal communication with the heater coil and having a first flexibility at a first temperature and a second flexibility at a second temperature;
coupling a second polymeric member to the inner surface of the shaft, the second polymeric member being in thermal communication with the heater coil;
wherein the second polymeric member supports the heater coil.
11. A guidewire manufactured by the method of claim 10.
US11/352,753 2001-12-18 2006-02-13 Guide wire with adjustable flexibility Expired - Lifetime US7918806B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/352,753 US7918806B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2006-02-13 Guide wire with adjustable flexibility

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/025,428 US7018346B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2001-12-18 Guide wire with adjustable flexibility
US11/352,753 US7918806B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2006-02-13 Guide wire with adjustable flexibility

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US10/025,428 Continuation US7018346B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2001-12-18 Guide wire with adjustable flexibility

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US20060127561A1 US20060127561A1 (en) 2006-06-15
US7918806B2 true US7918806B2 (en) 2011-04-05

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EP (1) EP1455881B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4276544B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE415999T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002341869A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2470598A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2003051445A1 (en)

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US20060127561A1 (en) 2006-06-15
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US7018346B2 (en) 2006-03-28
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EP1455881A1 (en) 2004-09-15
AU2002341869A1 (en) 2003-06-30

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