US898659A - Compressor. - Google Patents

Description

H. KUEHL.

COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22, 1907.

2`SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

.r .2dr/.IA Milln/Imi.. 1.

H. KUBHL.

COIYIPRLSSOR.l APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22, 1907.

Patented sept. 1'5, 1908.

2 SHBETSSHEET 2.

UNITED sTA-Tns Pagani* onnio.

i -HENRY KUEHL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNR OF eSNE-HALF T0 THEOD-OE KOLISCHER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

, COMPRESSOR. y

- Specic-:ation of Letters Patent.

Patented sepais, ieee.

To all whom it may concern;-

f. Be it known that I, HENRY KUEHL, acitizen of the United Stamm-.residing at Philadelphia, county oilhiladelphia, and State of ennsylvania, have4 invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compressors, of Which the followinfr is a speciiication.

My invention relates to a compressor, and more particularly a compressor for ammonia or other gas employed in a system of refrigeration or ice-making plant.

My invention has particular reference to the valves of the compressor proper, that is, the suctionvalve, vthe piston valve, and the discharge valve.

' In the compressors heretofore employed in the art, the valves have been the seat of varioustroubles or disadvantages, in that they produced a great amount of disagreeable clicking or noise during operation,l iu that relatively large quantities ol' ammonia oil or liquid base oil Were necessary to keep the parts suitably lubricated and in suitable Working order, and in that the eiiiciency of conversion from the mechanical power su piecll to the compressor Was not suliicientiy It is .the obj of my invention to overcome these difliculties and disadvantages, and to ,provide valves which shall be noiseless, and

which shall render the eiiiciency of conversion higher than heretofore and with a resulting reduction in the amount of ammonia oil or liquid base oil required. To this end, I have constructed the valves, as hereinafter shown and described, Wi th theresult of noiseless operation and higher efficiency in conversion and minimizing of oil, all determined from actual construction. and continued operation. y

For an illustration of one of the forms my invention may take, reference is to be had to 'the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectionalview through the compressonfcylinder and the valves. 2A is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line e-b of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a Afragmentary view similar to a portion of Fig. 1, except that the comprefs'sing piston is shownat the end of its stroke. Fig. 4 is a urther frag- Vmentary sectional view similar to a portion of Fig. 1 showingthe position of the piston valve during thefdownward stroke of the piston. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional hview through the suction valve, taken on the the valve shown in Fig. 5.

Referring to the drawings 1 represents the compressor cyli-nder of a'single acting ammonia or other compressor. The cylinderis here assumed to be invvertical position. Vithin the cylinder is'the piston 2, provided with the usual packing rings 3 and provided with the web members 4 having the sleeve 5 through which passes the upper end `6 of the piston rod, to which the piston is securedby the key?, the collar 8' upon the piston rod. 6 serving as an abutment for the sleeve `5: The piston rod 6 extends out4 through the lower cylinder head 9 having the usual stuifing boX 10. ,l

The piston valve 11, having the conical valve seat 12 in the piston 2, has a downwardly extending cylindrical shank or sleeve i 13 perforated at its bottom to encircle and slide upon the ,upper end of the piston rod 6.

Having a sliding iit within the sleeve-13 is av circular nut 14 secured by scre'wthreads upon the extreme upper end of the piston rod 6. The circular nut 111 is hollowed out, and surrounding the piston rodA 6 and confined' be# tweenthe hollow nut 14 and th'ebottom of the sleeve=13 is aspiral spring 15; A Similarly,

above the nut 14 is a spiral spring 1 6 contined between the nut 14 and the screw-threaded closing cap 17 engaging in the top of the valve 1 1. The piston 2 has a large cylindrical central opening adording considerable space, as at 18, around the valve sleeve A13. The spring 16 is of such materialysize and diaposition that it carries almost all of the Weight of the valve 1 1, thus practically balancing the valve 11 and making it sensitive and responsive to the slightest upward pressure.

The piston rod 6 is connected to a crossliead Which, in turn, may be connected to the crank of a reciprocating steam engine or to any other type oi prime mover, which, when a steam engine, is generally disposed in a horizontal position, While the compressor is in a vertieai `position.

Near the bottom of the cylinder 1 is a cylindrical tubular extension 19 which com- 'municates with the interior of the cylinder line` c-d of Fig.4 6. Fig. 6 isl a plan view ofv the plate 24 intervening between the ii'anges 2,1 and 22 and having tongue and groove connections therewith which are machined and der a gas-tight connection. The plate 24 has a central opening 25 terminating at its 4inner endin a conical valve seat 26 with which is adapted to engage the, valve The valve 27 has a cylindrical stein 28, which f. is'adapted to "reciprocate within the cylin drical-sleeve 29 which, fat its outer end, is screw-threaded at 30 intthe plate 31, the sleeve 29 having the flattened head 32 adapted t'o receive a' wrench or other means for screwing the sleeve 29 into the plate 31. The plate 31 is supported-'by aplurality of rodsl33'upon the plate 24, such rods serving also'to holdt-he plate 31 at a de'nite positionjwith respect' to the plate 24. vWithin the A4Sleeve 29 and atone end thereofis pro- Y vided a spiral spring 34, against which the 4valve stem 28 is adapted to abut when the its supporting rods are all disposed within screw-threaded into the plat-e 41.

the tubular member 19. Holes 36 communicate from the outside of the nut 32 with the interior of the seat 26 to afford passage for lubricating material.

At' the top of the cylinder 1 is provideda dome 37 between which and the end of the cylinder 1 intervenes a plate 38 having tongue and groove connection with dome andthe cylinder to form a gas-tight joint. The plate 38 extends into the cylindera short distance and is beveled at 3.9 to correspond with the bevel on the upper end of the piston 2. l. Upon the ledge formed by the plate 38 engages a plate 40 which is secured to the plate 41 fitting within the dome 37 by a plurality of bolts 42, said bolts having shoulders so aste space the plates 40 and `41 definitely and accurately. Over Vthe nut of the central boltl passes a piece of tube 43 screw-threaded. in the top of the .dome 37. vAnd for the pin 45 on the outside of the dome 37 is supplied a lcap46. The .pin 45 is screwed down thus forcingv the plate 40 firmly against the ledge formed by the plate 38 and holding the parts firmly in position.

In the topside of the plate 4 0 are provided three valve seats 47, all 4communicating by passages 48 with the interior of the cylinder 1'.

above the piston 2. With each valve seat engages a valve 49 having a stem 50 adapted to reciprocate vertically within the sleeve 51 Each sleeve 51 has a flange 52 engaging the tipp of the plate 41 and closed at its upper end at 53. Between the valve stem 5G and t-he inside yof the cap53 is a spiral spring 54. And around the sleeve 51 and the valve stern 50 and confined between the valve 49 and the eeaese packed or otherwise suitably treated to ren* Y underside of the plate 41 is a spiral spring 55.

This plurality of valves in the dor'ne takes the. place of the bucket valve heretofore commonly used in compressors of thisl type.

All of the valves and valve seats heretoforel described are ireferably made of steel,

mild steel, or the li ie, or any other suitable i material which withstands usage in the presence of ammonia or other gases.

Communicating with the dome 37 is the cylindrical tubular' outlet- 56 to which is bolted the discharge pipe 57 as well understood in the art.

' The operation is as follows: Assuming the piston 2 at the lowermost point ofits stroke, on rising upwardly, as driven by the engine or other prime mover, it tends to create a vacuum in the c vliiuler space beneath the piston, thus creating a suction and a lower pressure on the cylinder side of the suction valve 27 than on the side of the pipe 23 which communicates with the refrigerator or refrigerating system in which the refrigerant exists in gaseous form. The gas in the pi )e 23, therefore, exerts a pressure `against the valve 27 raising it from its seat 26 in opposition to the spring 35. T his opening of the valve 27, therefore, allows the gas to rush into the cylinder 1 behind the piston 2. As the valve 27 lifts from its seat, it is guided in the sleeve 29 and, in case its separation from its seat is excessive, the stein 28 engages the spring 34 which takes up the shock ofthe opening movement of the valve and'prevents any noise or click due to the opening. During the upward. movement of the piston 2 this suction action continues until the end of the upward stroke, whereupon the s ring 35 restores the valve 27 to its seat 26 t us cutting. ofl'` communication withv the suction pipe 23. 'Upon the downward stroke of .the piston 2 the gas behind the piston 2 is very slightly compressed and is prevented from passing out through the pipe 23 again by the valve 27 engaging snugly with its seat'26. This downward motion of the iston, however, causes the gas beneath tile piston to raise the valve 11 from its seat 12 in the piston, as shown in Fig. 4, and to escapev into the upperl end of the cylinder. The valve 1l, as previously-stated, is practically entirely supported by the spring 16, in effect being practically balanced, so that the gas beneath the piston very readily and easily lifts the valve 11. A too great an upward movement of the valve 11 is prevented by the spring 15,

which, after a definite movement, engages the upper inner side othe nut 14./ As the piston reaches thelower end of its stroke, the valve 11 returns onto its seat 12. The valve 11 being practically balanced by the spring ceases gas is connedibetween the' piston .2 .and the plate .10-'-vvith its valves 49. '.the piston -2 advancesiupwardly the .pressure-inztheu per end ofthe cylinder keeps increasing'unt' jthey desired ffhigh -pressure .is reached, whereupon c the-valves 49 are lifted by that .pressure'm opposition to the springs v55, .as shown in Fig.

3, thusallowing the compressedfgaszto escape into the space between the plates 40 .and 41 .and :to iind exit :through the :connection 56 and the discharge pipe .57. The piston rises tofor very nearly to the plate 40,1there being very small clearance by `the construction shown, so that praoticallyall 'thegas in the upper yend of the cylinder vis compressed at each .stroke and discharged. When the -:troke has been completed, vthe springs 55 restore the'valves 49 to their seats, these.

valves being very-light are .easily controlled my by the springs .and produce practically no ist noise in operation. vThe springs 52 above the valve stem serve .as .elasticdimiting means` for the upward stroke of the valves,

thus also minimizing shock and reducing noise.

By the employment of .a valve of this construction or a plurality of them, .as shown, the eflioiency of conversion in compression is higher and more so than in the case of the bucket valve such as heretofore commonly used, and which is of considerable weight and.

which vibrates several times against its seat causing a series of clicks or loud noises. But aside from the noise produced the efficiency of compression was not so great as with the construction here shown where the valves are; light, delicately controlled and quickly responsive, the inertia eiects being a minit mum. no

. and in suchformis again introduced into the valve.

compressor cylinder 1 through the' suction While l have here shown my invention applied to a single acting compressor, it is, of course, to `be understood that it may be applied to double acting machines.

What l claim is.'

1. in a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, of`a piston movable therein, a piston rod for dri-ving said piston, a valve member having a seat on said piston, a guide nut upon said piston rod upon which said valve member is movable, and resilient means on l either side of said nut engaging said valve member.

2. ln a compressor, the combination with a,y cylinder, of a piston movable therein, a pis- .t0n rod for driving the same, a valve member-having a seat on said piston, a nut upon said piston rod, a hollow valve stem upon said valve member, said nut engaging in said hollow stem and operating .as aguide therefor, and resilientme'ans on either side of said nut engaging said valve member.

,In a compressor, the combmatlon with va cylinder, of acsuction tube communicating therewith,I a suction pipe secured to said tube, a valve seat secured by and intervening between said tubev and pipe, a valvefmember engaging with said seat and having a stem, a hollow guide for said valvestem, a spring within said hollow guide for opposing said valve stern, and means supporting said guide and secured 'to said valve seat.

4. In a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, of a dome thereon, and a valve system disposed in said dome and comprising. se arated fixed plate member`s,a plurality of va ve seats in one of said valve cooperating with eac a stern, and a valvestern guide for each valve lplate members, a

Y secured in the other plate member, a spring within the valve stem guide, a spring opposing the opening. of each valve,and means engaging said dome and holding said valve system in lined position.

5. In a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston movable therein, a pis-- ton rod for driving said piston, a valve having a seat in said piston, a hollow valve stem upon said valve, a uide member vsecured upon said piston ro and engagin within said valve stem, resilient means conned between the bottom of said valve stem and said guide member, and resilient means on the other side of said guide member and conlined seat and having los in said valve stem between saidguide member and a valve stem closure;

6. In a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, of a suction tube communicating therewith, a ipe secured to said tube, a valve seat held) between said pipe and tube, a valve enga ing with said seat and havin a stem, a hol ow guide for receiving said va ve stem, a support for said guide, and means secured in said valve seat for supporting said guide lsupport.

7. In a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, of a suction tube communicating therewith, a pipe secured to said tube, a valve seat secured between said pipe and tube, a valvemember engaging saidseat and -having a stem, a hollow guide' for receiving said stem, a guide support, and means secured in said valve seat for supporting said guide support, said valve, guide and support inclosed in said tube.

8. In a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, ol a suction'tube communicating therewith, and a valve in said tube and comprising a valve scat, a valve member engaging therewith and having a stem, a hollow gulde for receiving said stern, a guide support,

a plurality of rods secured in said valve seat pipe, a valve member adapted to engage with said seat member, a stem on said va Ve member, a hollow guide adapted to receive said stem, a guide support, and means secured to saidvalve scat member and Within said suction tube for supporting said guide support.

10. In a compressor, the combination with a cylinder, of a dome thereon, and a valve system disposed in said dome and comprising separated parallel late members secured to each other, a plura ity of Valve seats in one of said plate members, a Valve coperating with 'each seat and havin@r a stem, a hollow valve stem guide for each valve secured in the other plate member, resilient means within each guide, resilient means opposing the openingof each valve, and means engaging said dome for securing said Valve system inh `fixed position. y

1 1. Inea compressor, the combmation with a cylinder, of a dome secured thereon, av

member secured between: said dome and cylinder and forming a ledge in said dome, and a valve system disposedin said dome and ixedly secured against said led e, said valve system comprising separated pate members, a plurality of valve seatsfin one of saidy platemem bers, a'valve cooperating with each seat and having a stem, and a valve stem guide for each valve secured in the other plateniember, a spring within each valve stem'guide, a

spring opposing the opening of each valve,

and an e aust port communicating'with the space between said plate members.

In testimonyl whereof I have hereunto aff fixed my signature in vthe presence 'of the two

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