US9205224B2 - Infusion mechanism and method - Google Patents
Infusion mechanism and method Download PDFInfo
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- US9205224B2 US9205224B2 US12/756,400 US75640010A US9205224B2 US 9205224 B2 US9205224 B2 US 9205224B2 US 75640010 A US75640010 A US 75640010A US 9205224 B2 US9205224 B2 US 9205224B2
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- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003527 fibrinolytic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000103 thrombolytic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000748 cardiovascular system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002399 angioplasty Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002537 thrombolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0023—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing by the form of the lumen, e.g. cross-section, variable diameter
- A61M25/0026—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements
- A61M25/003—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements characterized by features relating to least one lumen located at the distal part of the catheter, e.g. filters, plugs or valves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
- A61M25/007—Side holes, e.g. their profiles or arrangements; Provisions to keep side holes unblocked
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0023—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing by the form of the lumen, e.g. cross-section, variable diameter
- A61M25/0026—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements
- A61M2025/004—Multi-lumen catheters with stationary elements characterized by lumina being arranged circumferentially
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0068—Static characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. shape, atraumatic tip, curved tip or tip structure
- A61M2025/0073—Tip designed for influencing the flow or the flow velocity of the fluid, e.g. inserts for twisted or vortex flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0074—Dynamic characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. openable, closable, expandable or deformable
- A61M2025/0079—Separate user-activated means, e.g. guidewires, guide tubes, balloon catheters or sheaths, for sealing off an orifice, e.g. a lumen or side holes, of a catheter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M2025/0183—Rapid exchange or monorail catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09175—Guide wires having specific characteristics at the distal tip
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/002—Packages specially adapted therefor ; catheter kit packages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
- A61M25/0108—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning using radio-opaque or ultrasound markers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to infusion mechanisms having an infusion catheter, and relates more particularly to an infusion catheter having multiple lumens imparting differing fluid pressure loss characteristics.
- Percutaneous access to the cardiovascular system is used to diagnose, evaluate, and treat a variety of conditions.
- a typical procedure involves passing a wire guide through an opening in a patient's skin which connects to a vascular structure such as a vein or artery. The wire guide can then be passed through the cardiovascular system to a location of interest within the patient. Once the wire guide has been appropriately positioned, a catheter may be passed into the patient and guided by the wire guide to a location where a procedure is to be performed.
- Angioplasty, imaging, and the placement of stents, graphs, filters and other devices are common procedures which are performed according to variations of the above general technique. It is also common to use percutaneous access for the placement of catheters which deliver fluid at an intraluminal treatment site. Devices known as infusion catheters are commonly used to deliver a therapeutic treatment fluid such as a thrombolytic agent to a clot or the like within a vein or artery.
- infusion catheters A wide variety of infusion catheter designs are known and commercially available.
- One general class of infusion catheters utilizes a longitudinally extending lumen which connects a supply of therapeutic fluid located outside of the patient with an intraluminal space by way of ports communicating between the lumen and the intraluminal space.
- Various locations on a patient's body may be used to percutaneously access the cardiovascular system for infusion in this manner. While in some instances a location of interest within the patient can be reached from a nearby access point, in other instances a preferred access point may be relatively farther away.
- relatively long infusion catheters are often used, to enable a treatment site within, for example, a patient's torso, to be reached from a relatively remote access point, such as the patient's neck or ankle area.
- Infusion catheters having multiple lumens for conveying fluid to different sections of the catheter infusion length have also been proposed. These designs are believed to provide for more uniform infusion than is practicable or possible with certain single lumen designs. Even multiple lumen catheters, however, when observed under actual use conditions or in the lab have been discovered to have shortcomings.
- an infusion catheter in one aspect, includes an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis, and including a proximal body end defining at least one fluid supply orifice, and a distal body end which includes a distal tip.
- the elongate body further defines a high head loss lumen in fluid communication with the at least one fluid supply orifice and extending axially through the elongate body.
- the elongate body further defines a low head loss lumen in fluid communication with the at least one fluid supply orifice and extending axially through the elongate body.
- the elongate body further includes an outer surface having a first set of side ports formed therein and defining a proximal infusion zone, and a second set of side ports formed therein and defining a distal infusion zone.
- the first set of side ports are in fluid communication with the high head loss lumen and the second set of side ports are in fluid communication with the low head loss lumen.
- an infusion mechanism for treating an intraluminal site in a patient includes a catheter having an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis, a high head loss lumen and a low head loss lumen, and each of the high head loss lumen and the low head loss lumen extending axially through the elongate body.
- the infusion mechanism further includes a fluid apportioning mechanism having at least one fluid conduit configured to fluidly connect the high head loss lumen and the low head loss lumen with an extraluminal fluid supply.
- the elongate body further includes a first body segment coupled with the fluid apportioning mechanism, and a second body segment which includes an infusion segment.
- the infusion segment includes an outer surface having a plurality of side ports formed therein, the plurality of side ports including a proximal set of side ports in fluid communication with the high head loss lumen, and a distal set of side ports in fluid communication with the low head loss lumen.
- a method of conveying a fluid to an intraluminal space includes passing fluid through a high head loss lumen of an infusion catheter, and effusing fluid from a proximal set of side ports fluidly communicating between the high head loss lumen and the intraluminal space. The method further includes passing fluid through a low head loss lumen of the infusion catheter, and effusing fluid from a distal set of side ports fluidly communicating between the low head loss lumen and the intraluminal space.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an infusion mechanism, according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a sectioned view of an infusion catheter according to one embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a sectioned side diagrammatic view of an infusion catheter in two different section planes, taken along line 3 - 3 of FIG. 2 , having a wire guide positioned therein;
- FIG. 4 is a sectioned side diagrammatic view of an infusion catheter in two different section planes according to another embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a side diagrammatic view of an infusion mechanism at one stage of a percutaneous procedure.
- FIG. 6 is a sectioned side diagrammatic view of a portion of an infusion catheter in two different section planes, according to yet another embodiment.
- an infusion mechanism 8 for treating an intraluminal site in a patient.
- Infusion mechanism 8 may include an infusion catheter 10 , and a wire guide 70 , the infusion catheter 10 and wire guide 70 being positioned within a sterile package 9 .
- Sterile package 9 may include a sealed pouch in one embodiment, and other packaging features such as a tube protector coil for infusion catheter 10 may be included but are not shown in FIG. 1 .
- infusion mechanism 8 may be uniquely configured to address problems associated with fluid pressure losses tending to occur in earlier strategies for delivering a treatment fluid to an intraluminal site in a patient.
- Infusion catheter 10 may include an elongate body 12 having a proximal body end 14 and a distal body end 18 .
- a fluid apportioning mechanism 60 such as a manifold, having at least one fluid conduit 62 , may be coupled with proximal body end 14 and configured to fluidly connect infusion catheter 10 with an extraluminal fluid supply, as further described herein.
- a connecting mechanism 17 such as a fitting may be coupled with or part of fluid apportioning mechanism 60 , to enable an extraluminal fluid supply to fluidly connect with conduit 62 .
- Elongate body 12 may further include a proximal body segment 69 which is coupled with apportioning mechanism 60 and defines at least one fluid supply orifice 16 fluidly communicating with conduit 62 .
- Elongate body 12 may further include a distal body segment 69 which includes a distal tip 20 positioned at distal body end 18 .
- a set of radiopaque markers 35 may be positioned on or in distal body segment 69 to enable identification of an infusion length of elongate body 12 in a conventional manner.
- Wire guide 70 may include a proximal wire guide tip 72 , which will typically remain outside of a patient when infusion mechanism 8 is used, and a distal wire guide tip 74 which includes an occlusion bulb 76 .
- occlusion bulb 76 may be used to block fluid flow out of distal tip 20 during infusing a treatment fluid such as a thrombolytic liquid into a patient, as further described herein.
- Elongate body 12 may define a longitudinal axis A 1 which extends from proximal body end 14 to distal body end 18 .
- Elongate body 12 may further define a high head loss lumen 22 in fluid communication with fluid supply orifice 16 , high head loss lumen 22 extending axially through elongate body 12 .
- Elongate body 12 may further define a low head loss lumen 24 in fluid communication with fluid supply orifice 16 and also extending axially through elongate body 12 .
- Fluids tend to lose pressure as they pass through a fluid conduit. Such pressure losses can result from friction between the fluid and walls of the conduit, friction within the fluid itself, and the geometry of the conduit such as turns.
- fluid flowing through high head loss lumen 22 will tend to lose pressure head relatively more rapidly as it travels through elongate body 12 than fluid passing through low head loss lumen 24 .
- fluid passing through high head loss lumen 22 can be expected to lose a relatively greater amount of head pressure
- fluid passing through low head loss lumen 24 can be expected to lose a relatively lesser amount of head pressure.
- Elongate body 12 may further include an outer surface 26 having a first set of side ports 28 formed therein which define a proximal infusion zone 30 , and a second set of side ports 32 formed therein which define a distal infusion zone 34 .
- First set of side ports 28 may be in fluid communication with high head loss lumen 22
- second set of side ports 32 may be in fluid communication with low head loss lumen 24 .
- Elongate body 12 may further define a medium head loss lumen 48 extending axially through elongate body 12 , and a third set of side ports 50 formed in outer surface 26 and in fluid communication with medium head loss lumen 48 .
- Side ports 50 may be located axially between first set of side ports 28 and second side ports 32 and may define a middle infusion zone 52 .
- high head loss lumen 22 may include a first supply segment 36 defining a relatively lesser hydraulic diameter, and a first infusion segment 37 .
- Low head loss lumen 24 may include a second supply segment 38 defining a relatively greater hydraulic diameter, and a second infusion segment 39 .
- Medium head loss lumen 48 may define a third hydraulic diameter which is greater than the first hydraulic diameter and less than the second hydraulic diameter.
- hydraulic diameter should be understood to refer to an effective diameter not necessarily the same as the “real” or geometric diameter.
- a fluid lumen of a given hydraulic diameter may be expected to impart a loss in head pressure to a fluid passing therethrough which is the same as that imparted by a circular pipe having a real diameter equal to the subject hydraulic diameter. It may thus be understood that fluid lumens 22 , 24 and 48 might actually have equal real diameters. But because of differing cross sectional shapes or other features such as differing total wetted surface areas, the presence or absence of turns and even surface texturing of wetted surface areas, the respective fluid lumens could still cause head pressure in fluid passing therethrough to decrease at differing rates.
- low head loss lumen 24 could include a circular cross sectional shape of a given real diameter
- high head loss lumen 22 could have a non-circular cross sectional shape such as a star shape or another polygonal or non-polygonal shape having the same real diameter.
- fluid flowing through high head loss lumen 22 could be expected to lose head pressure relatively more rapidly than fluid flowing through low head loss lumen 24 , given the relatively greater wetter surface area of high head loss lumen 22 due to its non-circular shape.
- Those skilled in the art will contemplate a variety of other variables which might be manipulated to impart desired differential rates of head loss.
- high head loss lumen 22 may include a relatively lesser real diameter D 1 as shown in FIG. 2 .
- Low head loss lumen 24 may include a relatively greater real diameter D 2 as also shown in FIG. 2
- medium head loss lumen 48 may include a third real diameter D 3 which is greater than real diameter D 1 and less than real diameter D 2 .
- the respective real diameters refer to geometric diameters of lumens 22 , 24 and 48 which intersect longitudinal axes F, B and C of lumens 22 , 24 and 48 within first supply segment 36 , second supply segment 38 and a supply segment of medium head loss lumen 48 (not numbered).
- Elongate body 12 may be formed by an extrusion process. Where extrusion is chosen as a manufacturing technique, as well as with other manufacturing strategies, it may be practical to form each of high head loss lumen 22 , low head loss lumen 24 and medium head loss lumen 48 with real diameters which are uniform.
- supply segment 36 and infusion segment 37 may have a uniform real diameter between a first proximal lumen end 40 and a first distal lumen end 42 .
- a fluid impermeable wall 47 defines supply segment 36
- a fluid permeable wall 49 defines infusion segment 37 .
- second supply segment 38 and second infusion segment 39 may have a uniform real diameter between a second proximal lumen end 44 and a second distal lumen end 46 .
- a second fluid impermeable wall 51 defines supply segment 38
- a second fluid permeable wall 53 defines infusion segment 39 .
- Fluid permeable walls 49 and 53 may be considered permeable by virtue of side ports 28 and 32 located herein.
- first set of side ports 28 , 32 and 50 may each include normally open side ports.
- some or all of side ports 28 , 34 and 50 may include side ports such as slits which are normally closed but open in response to fluid pressure in the corresponding fluid lumen.
- a number, shape, size and distribution along or about elongate body 12 of each of the sets of side ports 28 , 34 and 50 may also be either uniform or non-uniform.
- Each of the sets of side ports 28 , 34 and 50 may include a plurality of side ports, for example each of the respective sets including a number of side ports equal to three or greater.
- Each of the individual ports of each set may be uniform in size and shape and may be uniformly distributed within the corresponding infusion zone 30 , 34 and 52 .
- each of the sets of side ports may include an axial distribution along outer surface 26 , and may be positioned at uniform radial locations.
- each of side ports 28 may be located at a first radial location about axis A 1
- each of side ports 32 may be located at a second radial location about axis A 1
- each of side ports 50 may be located at a third radial location about axis A 1 .
- side ports 28 may be located, shaped and oriented relative to longitudinal axis A 1 such that they define a first average effluent flow direction from outer surface 26 , for example an average effluent flow direction indicated by arrow S 1 which is normal to outer surface 26 .
- Each of side ports 32 may be located, shaped and oriented relative to longitudinal axis A 1 such that they define a second average effluent flow direction from outer surface 26 , for example an average effluent flow direction indicated by arrow S 2 which is normal to outer surface 26 and different from flow direction S 1 .
- a third average effluent flow direction S 3 may be associated with side ports 50 .
- the first average effluent flow direction S 1 and the second average effluent flow direction S 2 may define a radial angle ⁇ about longitudinal axis A 1 .
- This configuration differs from a configuration where the respective sets of side ports define parallel average effluent flow directions, known from certain earlier designs.
- the described and illustrated configuration can enable effluent flow from catheter 10 in a relatively more uniform manner than that possible with such earlier designs which may effuse fluid disproportionately towards certain areas of an intraluminal treatment site.
- high head loss lumen 22 may include first proximal lumen end 40 and first distal lumen end 42
- low head loss lumen 24 may include second proximal lumen end 44 and second distal lumen end 46
- first distal lumen end 42 may include a blind lumen end
- second distal lumen end 46 may include an open lumen end defining a wire guide opening 43 in distal tip 20
- the extrusion may initially include each of lumens 22 , 24 and 48 , with each of the lumens extending all the way through elongate body 12 and opening at both proximal body end 14 and distal body end 18 .
- lumens 22 , 24 and 48 are beside one another and not coaxial. During manufacturing, one or more of lumens 22 , 24 and 48 may be plugged. The respective lumens may be plugged at different axial locations, such that the lumens have different axial lengths in elongate body 12 . Portions of lumen 22 and 48 are shown in phantom in FIG. 3 to indicate an approximate location of a plug.
- wire guide 70 may include occlusion bulb 76 located adjacent to distal wire guide tip 74 .
- catheter 10 may be passed in a proximal to distal direction over wire guide 70 to a location where occlusion bulb 76 blocks low head loss lumen 24 within distal tip 20 , approximately as shown in FIG. 3 .
- This configuration allows fluid flow to occur through low head loss lumen 24 , but be blocked or substantially blocked at distal tip 20 to enable a desired fluid flow through side ports 32 .
- each of the fluid lumens may include blind distal lumen ends.
- catheter body 12 may define at least one fluid supply orifice located at proximal body end 14 .
- a plurality of separate fluid supply orifices are shown, each being associated with one of lumens 22 , 24 and 48 .
- Fluid supply orifice 16 fluidly connects with high head loss lumen 22
- a second fluid supply orifice 54 fluidly connects with low head loss lumen 24 .
- a cavity 45 is formed in elongate body 12 and fluidly connects each of lumens 22 , 24 and 48 with fluid conduit 62 by way of the corresponding fluid supply orifices.
- the respective supply orifices may open at proximal body end 14 and cavity 45 omitted.
- Infusion catheter 110 includes an elongate catheter body 112 having a proximal body end 114 and a distal body end 118 .
- Infusion catheter 110 also includes a high head loss lumen 122 having a first proximal lumen end 140 and a first distal lumen end 142 .
- Elongate body 112 also defines a low head loss lumen 124 having a second proximal lumen end 144 and a second distal lumen end 146 .
- a medium head loss lumen 148 may also be defined by elongate body 112 .
- a first set of side ports 128 may be formed in an outer surface 126 and fluidly communicate with high head loss lumen 122
- a second set of side ports 132 may also be formed in outer surface 126 and fluidly communicate with low head loss lumen 124
- a third set of side ports 150 may be formed in outer surface 126 and fluidly communicate with medium head loss lumen 148 .
- infusion catheter 110 may also differ from infusion catheter 10 in that second distal lumen end 146 of low head loss lumen 124 includes a blind end.
- a placement sheath (not shown) may be used, in a known manner to position catheter 110 at an intraluminal treatment site.
- a fluid apportioning mechanism 160 or manifold may be used with infusion catheter 110 which has certain differences from fluid apportioning mechanism 60 used with infusion catheter 10 .
- fluid apportioning mechanism 160 may be configured to selectively supply fluid to one of fluid lumens 122 , 124 and 148 at a time.
- fluid apportioning mechanism 160 may include a connecting mechanism 117 configured to fluidly connect with an extraluminal fluid supply, and a rotating valve 162 defining a supply orifice 116 which, upon rotation of rotating valve 162 , can establish a fluid connection between a selected one of lumens 122 , 124 and 148 and an extraluminal fluid supply by way of fluid supply orifice 116 and connecting mechanism 117 .
- infusion catheters 10 and 110 are separate embodiments, it should be appreciated that a rotating valve fluid apportioning mechanism such as that shown with infusion catheter 110 might also be used with infusion catheter 10 . Similarly, the simultaneous fluid supply configuration of infusion catheter 10 could be used with infusion catheter 110 . Further still, the illustrated and described blind and open configurations for certain of the fluid lumens in catheters 10 and 110 might be modified from that shown.
- infusion catheter 210 may be configured as a rapid exchange catheter such that it is unnecessary to pass a wire guide through an entire length of infusion catheter 210 during positioning infusion catheter 210 at an intraluminal treatment site within a patient.
- infusion catheter 210 may include an elongate catheter body 212 defining a wire guide lumen 225 which extends only a portion of an axial length of catheter body 212 .
- Catheter body 212 may further include an outer surface 226 having a set of effluent ports 232 formed therein and fluidly communicating with a low head loss lumen 224 .
- wire guide lumen 225 may include a portion of lumen 222 which is distal of side ports 228 , and blocked from fluid communication therewith. Wire guide lumen 225 may open at outer surface 226 to enable a wire guide passed therethrough to exit and/or enter catheter body 212 at a location distal to side ports 228 .
- an extraluminal fluid supply is connected with an infusion catheter.
- the extraluminal fluid supply can include an infusion pump or a gravity fed fluid supply with a pressure cuff, for example.
- the infusion catheter supplies a treatment fluid to an intraluminal site such as an intravascular site within a patient by way of one or more fluid lumens opening along an infusion length of the catheter. It is known to use a first fluid lumen to supply treatment fluid to a proximal portion of a catheter infusion length, and a second fluid lumen to supply treatment fluid to a more distal portion of a catheter infusion length. Research has revealed that relatively long-term, low pressure infusion may be useful in some instances.
- a catheter may be left in a patient for five, six, or even greater than twelve hours. Difficulty in adequately supplying treatment fluid to more distal portions of an infusion catheter using conventional delivery techniques has been discovered, however. This difficulty tends to be more acute in infusion catheters having relatively long infusion lengths, which may sometimes approach or exceed one meter.
- infusion catheter 10 positioned within a vascular structure V of a patient such as a vein or artery.
- An access opening P has been formed in the patient, and infusion catheter 10 has been passed through the access opening P by way of an introducer sheath 81 or the like.
- a Y-fitting 80 has been coupled with infusion catheter 10 , and provides a fluid connection between manifold 60 and an extraluminal fluid supply 64 , thereby enabling a treatment fluid such as a lytic agent to be supplied to each of the fluid lumens of catheter 10 .
- Extraluminal fluid supply 64 may include a pressure cuff 66 or the like, which may be adjusted to provide and/or vary a pressure of fluid supplied to catheter 10 .
- Wire guide 70 shown attached to a handle mechanism 78 , also passes through Y-fitting 80 and thenceforth through catheter body 12 in a manner well known in the art. Although not specifically illustrated in FIG. 5 , wire guide 70 may be positioned similarly to that illustrated in FIG. 3 such that occlusion bulb 76 blocks wire guide opening 43 .
- Intraluminal treatment site Z may include a thrombus, for example, and the treatment fluid may include a liquid thrombolytic agent, however the present disclosure is not thereby limited.
- treatment fluid may be passed from extraluminal fluid supply 64 through high head loss lumen 22 and low head loss lumen 24 . In an embodiment using a medium head loss lumen, treatment fluid may also be passed from extraluminal fluid supply 64 through medium head loss lumen 48 .
- the treatment fluid may be effused from side ports 30 , from side ports 32 , and also from side ports 50 into an intraluminal space 82 .
- effusing treatment fluid may occur from side ports 30 in proximal infusion zone 32 , from side ports 32 in distal infusion zone 34 , and from side ports 50 in middle infusion zone 52 .
- Blood flow in vascular structure V may be either anterograde, toward distal body end 18 , or blood flow may be retrograde.
- treatment fluid passing through high head loss lumen 22 may pass through first supply segment 36 , and then through first infusion segment 37 .
- treatment fluid passing through low head loss lumen 24 may first pass through second supply segment 38 and then through second infusion segment 39 .
- pressure cuff 66 and/or gravity, or some other device such as an infusion pump may be used to provide a supply pressure of fluid to infusion catheter 10 from extraluminal fluid supply 64 .
- a supply pressure of fluid supplied to high head loss lumen 22 and low head loss lumen 24 may be the same, regardless of whether fluid is supplied simultaneously to the respective lumens such as in the FIG. 3 embodiment, or separately as in the FIG. 4 embodiment.
- a loss in head pressure in the respective lumens will tend to occur as fluid is conveyed through catheter body 12 . In certain earlier designs, head losses could result in essentially zero fluid being infused from distal portions of a catheter infusion length.
- Intraluminal space 82 will typically contain fluid such as blood having a fluid pressure.
- exit pressure of the treatment fluid may be insufficient in more distal portions of the infusion catheter to overcome the pressure of fluid in an intraluminal space.
- long infusion lengths and relatively low infusion pressures may be desirable for some procedures.
- the present disclosure is not thereby limited, it is contemplated to be particularly advantageous for infusion procedures having relatively more gradual fluid delivery over relatively longer periods of time and/or using relatively long infusion lengths.
- One example application might include an infusion catheter having a total length of approximately 130 centimeters and an infusion length of approximately 50 centimeters, and an infusion duration of twelve hours or longer.
- effusing fluid from side ports 30 may include effusing fluid from a distal-most one of side ports 30 at a first exit pressure, which will be less than the supply pressure.
- Effusing fluid from side ports 50 may include effusing fluid from a proximal-most one of side ports 50 at a second exit pressure which is less than the supply pressure and equal to or greater than the first exit pressure.
- one of side ports 28 includes a proximal-most location, i.e. the closest one of side ports 28 to proximal end 14 .
- Another one of side ports 28 includes a distal-most one of side ports 28 , the closest one of side ports 28 to distal end 18 .
- a similar characterization of side ports 50 and side ports 32 may be made. Effusing fluid in this manner is contemplated to be advantageous over certain prior designs, where each progressively more distal side port could typically be expected to effuse fluid at a progressively lesser exit pressure.
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
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US8702678B2 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-04-22 | Venous Therapy, Inc. | Assemblies, systems, and methods for infusing therapeutic agents into the body |
AU2013101567B4 (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-03-13 | P & M Hebbard Pty Ltd | A catheter system |
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