US9444110B2 - System and method for reducing fuel cell power plant emissions - Google Patents
System and method for reducing fuel cell power plant emissions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9444110B2 US9444110B2 US13/144,713 US200913144713A US9444110B2 US 9444110 B2 US9444110 B2 US 9444110B2 US 200913144713 A US200913144713 A US 200913144713A US 9444110 B2 US9444110 B2 US 9444110B2
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- compartment
- fuel
- air
- blower
- cell stack
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H01M2/0242—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates in general to fuel cell power plants, and more particularly, to a system and method for operating a fuel cell power plant to reduce emissions.
- Fuel cell power plants are becoming popular for a variety of applications including stationary power plants.
- Fuel cell power plants may utilize a reformer for converting a hydrocarbon fuel source into a gaseous hydrogen rich fuel that is fed to a fuel cell along with an oxidant such as air to produce usable electricity and heat via an electrochemical reaction.
- Multiple fuel cells are typically stacked together in a repeating fashion to form a cell stack assembly (“CSA”) for increasing the overall energy output of the power plant.
- CSA cell stack assembly
- This stacked arrangement requires numerous junctions and manifolds that are sealed for containing and directing fuel through the CSA and other fuel bearing components. Unfortunately, these seals tend to deteriorate over time leading to leakage of fuel into the environment surrounding the fuel cell power plant.
- Some constituents of the fuel are greenhouse gasses and/or substances which may be harmful for the environment if reaching excessive levels, and it is therefore desirous to minimize their emission for environmental soundness and to meet governmental standards over the entire life of the power plant.
- the present disclosure relates to a system and method for operating a fuel cell power plant by housing a fuel bearing component of the power plant in a compartment into which the fuel bearing component may leak fuel, and producing a flow path in the compartment for providing leaked fuel back into the fuel bearing component for consumption.
- a schematic diagram is shown including embodiments of the present disclosure for a fuel cell power plant.
- a system and method for operating a fuel cell power plant to reduce emissions includes housing a fuel bearing component, such as a fuel cell stack assembly or burner, for example, in a compartment into which fuel may leak, and producing a flow path in the compartment for providing leaked fuel back into the fuel bearing component for consumption.
- a fuel bearing component such as a fuel cell stack assembly or burner
- blowers can be used to provide leaked fuel to a cathode and/or burner, where potentially harmful constituents of leaked fuel including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane will be mostly consumed, thereby significantly reducing the emissions of the power plant and resulting in an increase in operating efficiency as described in more detail below.
- fuel cell power plant 10 including fuel compartment 12 , motor compartment 14 , wall 16 , wall 18 , ambient air 20 , fuel source 22 , reformer 24 , burner 26 , fuel cell stack 28 , anode 30 , cathode 32 , burner air blower 34 , burner air blower inlet 36 , cathode air blower 38 , cathode air blower inlet 40 , fuel compartment fan 42 , motors 44 , 46 , 48 , and 50 , fan 52 , fuel compartment air inlet 54 , motor compartment air inlet 56 .
- Fuel cell power plant 10 comprises fuel compartment 12 housing fuel bearing components, and motor compartment 14 housing motorized and electrical components. Fuel cell power plant 10 is enclosed by wall 16 , with wall 18 separating fuel compartment 12 from motor compartment 14 . Wall 16 functions to separate the enclosed spaces of fuel compartment 12 and motor compartment 14 from ambient air 20 outside of power plant 10 . Fuel source 22 is connected to power plant 10 for feeding a hydrocarbon fuel to fuel bearing components in fuel compartment 12 .
- Fuel bearing components may include but are not limited to reformer 24 and burner 26 (which is shown integrated with reformer 24 ); cell stack assembly 28 comprising multiple fuel cells, each including anode 30 and cathode 32 (only a single anode 30 and cathode 32 shown for convenience); and any plumbing or other physical components associated with flow fields for carrying fuel to and from cell stack assembly 28 .
- fuel from fuel source 22 is supplied to reformer 24 , where it is processed into a hydrogen rich reactant fuel stream fed to anode 30 via flow field F 1 .
- This hydrogen rich fuel stream will typically also contain carbon monoxide, methane, and other trace elements generated from the processing of the fuel, which may include natural gas, diesel, jet fuel, or other hydrocarbon fuels depending on the type of fuel cell utilized.
- Most of the reactant hydrogen is consumed by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cells in cell stack 28 , however, residual unconsumed hydrogen, along with methane, carbon monoxide, and other unconsumed fuel elements will exit anode 30 to be fed to burner 26 via flow field F 2 .
- air provided by burner air blower 34 having burner blower inlet 36 is fed to burner 26 via flow field A 1 .
- Reactant oxygen in the air is consumed by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cells in cell stack 28 , and any unconsumed residual oxygen is exhausted from cathode 32 via flow field A 3 along with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor.
- exhaust from burner 26 in flow field A 4 which should contain almost no reactants such as hydrogen, or harmful traces of carbon monoxide or methane, may join flow field A 3 and be expelled from fuel compartment 12 and fuel cell power plant 10 via flow field A 5 and the action of fan 42 .
- Flow field A 5 may be a conduit, for example, within which fan 42 is positioned.
- fuel comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane
- fuel bearing components especially cell stack 28 with its numerous seals and junctions that tend to deteriorate over time.
- the air inside fuel compartment 12 may be expelled to ambient air 20 , for example, via fan 42 .
- Fan 42 further functions to create a negative pressure inside fuel compartment 12 relative to ambient air 20 , helping facilitate a flow of air (depicted by large arrows) from ambient air 20 , through air inlet 54 and into the compartment 12 space, thereby diluting the potentially flammable mixture of leaked fuel and air.
- expelling air from fuel compartment 12 via fan 42 may serve to prevent combustible mixtures of hydrogen from forming in fuel compartment 12 , it can be unhealthy for the environment for certain levels of carbon monoxide, methane, and other potentially harmful constituents of leaked fuel to be exhausted along with hydrogen.
- cathode air blower 38 and burner air blower 34 are positioned inside fuel compartment 12 such that blower inlet 40 and blower inlet 36 are in the vicinity of cell stack 28 . This positioning has numerous benefits.
- cathode air blower 38 and burner air blower 34 such that blower inlet 40 and blower inlet 36 are in the vicinity of cell stack 28 , a localized region of negative pressure is created in fuel compartment 12 which creates a cooling air flow path directed past cell stack 28 and other components, for example, reformer 24 and burner 26 .
- the general direction of the air flow path can be modified to suit the particular configuration and needs of any fuel cell power plant 10 by changing the location of air inlet 54 in wall 16 , as well as the relative position of other inlets, such as blower inlet 40 and blower inlet 36 , within fuel compartment 12 .
- cathode air blower 38 and burner air blower 34 could be used either alone or in combination to reduce harmful emissions from fuel cell power plant 10 and to generate a cooling air flow path, and that fans, blowers, pumps, or other devices and methods may be used to provide leaked fuel from the space in fuel compartment 12 back into cathode 32 and/or burner 26 for reconsumption.
- An additional benefit of using one or both of cathode air blower 38 and burner air blower 36 to create a cooling air flow path in fuel compartment 12 is that air reaching blower inlet 40 and blower inlet 36 will be preheated, thus increasing the heat available from power plant 10 for customer use, e.g., heat provided by a heat exchanger fluidly connected to hot components such as cell stack 28 . Furthermore, by feeding heated air to cathode 32 , thermal efficiency is increased because the electrochemical reaction requires a certain degree of heat to operate, and because the recapture of leaked fuel for combusting in burner 26 will generate more available heat.
- cathode air blower 38 and/or burner air blower 36 are powerful enough, the need for fan 42 may be eliminated because the blowers will provide not only enough negative pressure inside fuel compartment 12 to keep fresh air flowing into compartment 12 for diluting leaked fuel, but will also generate enough positive pressure to exhaust leaked fuel, most of which has been consumed by cathode 32 and/or burner 26 , away from compartment 12 into ambient air 20 .
- materials cost, weight, and parasitic power draw will be decreased. If fan 42 is used in conjunction with cathode air blower 38 and/or burner air blower 36 , the power requirement for fan 42 will decrease and efficiency of power plant 10 will increase.
- fuel compartment 12 is separated by wall 18 from motor compartment 14 , which houses uninsulated electrical components that may cause sparks, including but not limited to motor 44 for powering cathode air blower 38 , motor 46 for powering burner air blower 34 , motor 48 for powering fan 42 , and motor 50 for powering fan 52 .
- Fan 52 functions to draw air from ambient air 20 through air inlet 56 and into motor compartment 14 , generating an air flow path (depicted by large arrows) to keep the motorized components cool, as well as raises the pressure in compartment 14 slightly above ambient and higher than the pressure in fuel compartment 12 , thereby hindering any potential encroachment of leaked fuel across wall 18 into compartment 14 .
- cathode air blower 38 , burner air blower 34 , and fan 42 are positioned within fuel compartment 12
- motor 44 , motor 46 , and motor 48 are positioned on the other side of wall 18 in motor compartment 14 for safety reasons.
- cathode air blower 38 , burner air blower 34 , and fan 42 should preferably comprise non-sparking elements, for example, aluminum components.
- a power shaft or other power transmission device, such as a magnetic coupling, may be used to transmit power from each motor to each blower and fan.
- a filter such as a coarse air filter may be used at air inlet 56 and/or air inlet 54 .
- Cathode air blower 38 and burner air blower 34 typically require an expensive air microfilter to be used at blower inlet 40 and blower inlet 36 .
- a coarse air filter can be, for example, a standard commercially available furnace filter.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/000265 WO2010082913A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2009-01-15 | System and method for reducing fuel cell power plant emissions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110281187A1 US20110281187A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
US9444110B2 true US9444110B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
Family
ID=42340010
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/144,713 Active 2031-10-06 US9444110B2 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2009-01-15 | System and method for reducing fuel cell power plant emissions |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9444110B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101543824B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010082913A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11289725B2 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2022-03-29 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC | Fuel cell module arrangement with leak recovery and methods of use |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2523023C1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-07-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" имени С.П. Королева" | Method for producing electric energy from hydrogen using fuel elements and power supply system for its implementation |
DE102021000306A1 (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-15 | Daimler Ag | Conveyor device for media |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02312162A (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1990-12-27 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Gas leakage preventing device of fuel cell |
JPH08329967A (en) | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-13 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell power generating plant |
JP2002056864A (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel cell device and method of operating the same |
US20020106544A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-08 | Noetzel John G. | Solid oxide auxiliary power unit reformate control |
US20030198855A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2003-10-23 | Walsh Michael M. | Method and apparatus for establishing a negative pressure inside an enclosure that houses a fuel cell system |
US20050217673A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2005-10-06 | Resmed Limited | Double-ended blower and volutes therefor |
JP2007323920A (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell device |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007323930A (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | Luminaire and luminaire for tunnel |
-
2009
- 2009-01-15 KR KR1020117010293A patent/KR101543824B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-01-15 US US13/144,713 patent/US9444110B2/en active Active
- 2009-01-15 WO PCT/US2009/000265 patent/WO2010082913A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02312162A (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1990-12-27 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Gas leakage preventing device of fuel cell |
JPH08329967A (en) | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-13 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell power generating plant |
US20030198855A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2003-10-23 | Walsh Michael M. | Method and apparatus for establishing a negative pressure inside an enclosure that houses a fuel cell system |
JP2002056864A (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel cell device and method of operating the same |
US20020106544A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-08 | Noetzel John G. | Solid oxide auxiliary power unit reformate control |
US20050217673A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2005-10-06 | Resmed Limited | Double-ended blower and volutes therefor |
JP2007323920A (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
The International Search Report and Written Opinion of counterpart foreign application No. PCT/US2009/000265 filed Jan. 15, 2009. |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11289725B2 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2022-03-29 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC | Fuel cell module arrangement with leak recovery and methods of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20110107320A (en) | 2011-09-30 |
WO2010082913A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
KR101543824B1 (en) | 2015-08-11 |
US20110281187A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
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