USRE34639E - Nickel ion-free blue glass composition - Google Patents
Nickel ion-free blue glass composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE34639E USRE34639E US07/942,910 US94291092A USRE34639E US RE34639 E USRE34639 E US RE34639E US 94291092 A US94291092 A US 94291092A US RE34639 E USRE34639 E US RE34639E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- color
- glass composition
- blue
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/10—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels to produce uniformly-coloured transparent products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a glass composition which has a certain neutral blue body color.
- the glass composition is nickel ion-free, such that it can be tempered without breakage at sites where nickel stones might otherwise exist.
- Glass compositions having various body colors are used, for example, by architects in glazing buildings. Normally, the color selected by the architect serves several functions. A first function of the color is to make the glass aesthetically pleasing when viewed from the exterior of a building. Aesthetics will determine the acceptability of a desired particular glass color and, in part, the desired intensity of the color. A second function is to reduce the amount of heat absorbed from the exterior of the building to the interior of the building, so that the air conditioning load in the building is reduced. Generally, more color added to glass results in greater heat absorption. In addition, while color may readily be added to glass to serve these functions, the glass when colored still must have an appropriate visible light transmission value. Also, the glass must be structurally sound.
- a glass color may be specified either by its coefficients X and Y or by its dominant wavelength and purity values.
- the lower the excitation purity of a color the closer it is to the Illuminant C standard and the closer it is to being a so-called neutral color.
- the visible light transmission value of the blue glass of the invention is dictated by an important commercial consideration. Specifically, glass of the same composition had to be suitable for both motor vehicle glazing applications and architectural glazing applications. That is, in order to achieve significant manufacturing cost savings, glass for both architectural glazing applications and automotive glasing applications had to be producible together on the same float glass production line. To use the same glass in both these applications, it had to have visible light transmission at least high enough to meet applicable governmental standards for motor vehicle glazing and yet low enough to provide heat load reduction to meet architectural glazing specifications. Thus, a visible light transmission value (T) of 54% ⁇ 1% was determined for the glass, using Illuminant C and corrected for one quarter inch thick glass.
- this particularly attractive neutral blue glass has been commercialized by the assignee of the present invention and already has found significant commercial success. It is in wide spread and growing architectural use, desirable not only for its intrinsic aesthetic appeal, but also for the uniqueness of its color in the architectural field. It is warmer than "cobalt blue" glasses and, importantly, it is structurally sound. In that regard, the glass is nickel free.
- the large spandrels of glass used in making windows for buildings have to be tempered. Such spandrels are tempered so that in case they are accidentally broken they will shatter into small, blunt pieces of glass to reduce the risk of injury. If glass is not tempered, it may break into long, thin pieces of glass more likely to cause injury.
- the glass contains nickel in its composition
- the nickel has a tendency to react with sulfur in the glass to form nickel sulfide.
- the nickel sulfide settles out in the glass as a defect known as a stone.
- a stone is a tiny sand-like inperfection in the glass.
- glass containing such stones is heated to an elevated temperature and rapidly cooled to temper the same, very high stress concentration is created about the area of each stone.
- a stone will cause "concentration stresses" which result in a rupture of the glass during its tempering.
- the glass spandrel is destroyed and all of the money spent on producing the spandrel to that point is lost.
- nickel sulfide stones In addition to causing breakage during tempering, nickel sulfide stones, when smaller than a certain size, can pass tempering undetected without causing any immediate damage. However, some of these small stones that are formed at high temperature will undergo, through phase transformation, a low temperature phase change when the glass is cooled to room temperature. The transition of nickel sulfide from high to low temperature forms is usually accompanied by a volume expansion of 2 to 4%. This increase in volume can initiate microcracks in the glass which can lead to spontaneous fracture of the tempered glass. This phase transformation is a slow process and can take months or years depending on the size of the stone and its location in the glass. In searching for the glass composition of the present invention, therefore, there was the significant added complication that, for reasons of structural soundness, it had to be nickel free.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,938,808 issued May 31, 1960 for "Glass Composition” and subsequently reissued as Re.25,312 discloses as a new article of manufacture a neutral color sheet of glass having a thickness in a range of 1/8-1/4 inch.
- the glass is suitable for glazing purposes and has substantially uniform transmission of light in the portion of the spectrum line between 440 and 660 millimicrons, an excitation purity below 7%, a total solar energy transmittance between 40-48%, and a total luminous transmittance between 35 ⁇ 45%.
- the glass composition disclosed in this patent consists essentially of base ingredients in percent by weight as follows: 60-75% SiO 2 , 11-20% Na 2 O, 0-10& K 2 O, the sum of the Na 2 O and the K 2 O being 11-21%, 6-16% CaO, and 0-10% MgO, the sum of the CaO and MgO being 6-18%, together with 0.4% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.0076-0.008% Co 3 O 4 , 0.009-0.125% NiO, and 0.005-0.0056 Se at 1/4 inch thickness.
- the patent teaches that the amount of the colorants Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , NiO and Se is greater when the thickness of the sheet is less than 1/4 inch and is approximately twice the above listed amounts for each colorant when the thickness of the sheet is 1/8 inch.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,142 issued Mar. 27, 1973 for "Neutral Gray Glass” discloses a neutral gray colored heat absorbing glass having a low excitation purity.
- the glass is defined as consisting essentially of the following base components in percent by weight: 68-75% SiO 2 , 0-5% Al 2 O 3 , 5-15% CaO, 0-10% MgO, the sum of the CaO and the MgO being 6-15%, 10-18% Na 2 O, 0-5% K 2 O, the sum of the Na 2 O and the K 2 O being 10-20%, together with coloring components of 0.1-0.5% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.003-0.02% Co 3 O 4 , 0.0005-0.001% Se, and negligible NiO.
- the specification of the patent states that the quantity of NiO should be less than about 0.002% and preferably less than 0.0004%.
- a blue glass composition having no nickel ion contained therein and having a dominant wavelength of 482 nm ⁇ 1 nm, color purity of 13% ⁇ 1% and light transmission (T) equal to 54% ⁇ 1% using Illuminant C corrected to 0.25 inch glass thickness consists essentially of the following base components in percent by weight: 68-75% SiO 2 , 0-5% Al 2 O 3 , 5-15% CaO, 0-10% MgO, 10-18% Na 2 O, 0-5% K 2 O, where CaO+MgO is 6-15% and Na 2 O+K 2 O is 10-20%, together with coloring components of 0.3-0.6% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.004-0.008% .[.Co 3 O 4 .]. .Iadd.Co.Iaddend., and 0.0001-0.001% Se.
- This invention is directed to a blue body-colored automotive and architectural tinted glass.
- the glass composition is nickel-free so that nickel ion is not available to react with sulfur to form nickel sulfide stones in the glass which may result in a spontaneous breaking and shattering of the tempered glass.
- the glass composition which is colored is a basic soda/lime silica glass.
- the basic materials used in making up the composition are as follows: 68-75% SiO 2 , 0-5% Al 2 O 3 , 5-15% CaO, 0-10% MgO, 6-15% CaO+MgO, 10-18% Na 2 O, 0-5% K 2 O, and 10-20% Na 2 O+K 2 O.
- coloring components were added to the basic composition. Neither the coloring components nor the basic composition contained any nickel ion.
- the coloring components added included 0.005 wt. % .[.Co 3 O 4 .]. .Iadd.Co .Iaddend.(50 ppm cobalt), 0.0003 wt. % Se (3 ppm selenium) and 0.42 wt. % iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).
- T 0.25 inch glass thickness transmission
- the dominant wavelength was 482 nm ⁇ nm.
- the purity of the color was 13% ⁇ 1%.
- the colorant elements may have the following limits: Fe 2 O 3 may vary from 0.3 to 0.6 wt. %; cobalt .[.oxide.]. may vary from 0.004 to 0.008 wt. % (.Iadd.equivalent to 0.0051 to 0.0102 wt. % CoO).Iaddend.; the selenium may vary from 0.001 to 0.001 wt. %.
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/942,910 USRE34639E (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1992-09-10 | Nickel ion-free blue glass composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US74159985A | 1985-02-19 | 1985-02-19 | |
US13459987A | 1987-12-16 | 1987-12-16 | |
US07/312,560 US4866010A (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1989-02-17 | Nickel ion-free blue glass composition |
US07/942,910 USRE34639E (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1992-09-10 | Nickel ion-free blue glass composition |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13459987A Continuation-In-Part | 1985-02-19 | 1987-12-16 | |
US07/312,560 Reissue US4866010A (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1989-02-17 | Nickel ion-free blue glass composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE34639E true USRE34639E (en) | 1994-06-14 |
Family
ID=46246819
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/942,910 Expired - Lifetime USRE34639E (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1992-09-10 | Nickel ion-free blue glass composition |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USRE34639E (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5558942A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-09-24 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Ultraviolet ray absorbent colored glass |
US5688727A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-11-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing blue glass composition |
US5807417A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1998-09-15 | Ford Motor Company | Nitrate-free method for manufacturing a blue glass composition |
US5851940A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1998-12-22 | Ford Motor Company | Blue glass with improved UV and IR absorption |
US5897956A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1999-04-27 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Glass having low solar radiation and ultraviolet ray transmittance |
US6114264A (en) | 1993-11-16 | 2000-09-05 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
US6313053B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2001-11-06 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing blue glass composition |
US20030216242A1 (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 2003-11-20 | Mehran Arbab | Colored glass compositions and automotive vision panels with reduced transmitted color shift |
US6673730B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2004-01-06 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass article and method |
US20040077479A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2004-04-22 | Dominique Coster | Coloured soda-lime glass of high light transmission |
US20050014627A1 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-20 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Infrared absorbing blue glass composition |
US7625830B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2009-12-01 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Blue glass composition |
Citations (23)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US2524719A (en) * | 1946-11-26 | 1950-10-03 | American Optical Corp | Glass composition |
CA516737A (en) * | 1955-09-20 | H. Armistead William | Green ophthalmic glass | |
CA568513A (en) * | 1959-01-06 | E. Duncan James | Glass composition | |
CA570195A (en) * | 1959-02-03 | E. Duncan James | Glass composition | |
US2923635A (en) * | 1957-01-30 | 1960-02-02 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Manufacture of colored glass by addition of colorant to flint glass in a feeder |
US2956892A (en) * | 1957-10-25 | 1960-10-18 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
CA618642A (en) * | 1961-04-18 | Owens-Illinois Glass Company | Glass-making frit and method | |
USRE25312E (en) * | 1957-02-25 | 1963-01-01 | Glass composition | |
CA684730A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company | Glass composition | |
CA711746A (en) * | 1965-06-15 | Owens-Illinois Glass Company | Glass-making frit and method | |
US3291621A (en) * | 1963-05-31 | 1966-12-13 | Owens Illinois Inc | Ultraviolet light-absorbing glass |
US3296004A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1967-01-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Neutral brown heat absorbing glass composition |
US3296005A (en) * | 1964-12-23 | 1967-01-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Bronze-smoke ophthalmic glass composition |
US3328150A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1967-06-27 | Owens Illinois Inc | Apparatus for blending molten glass |
CA802275A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | Jaupain Maurice | Glass composition | |
US3466180A (en) * | 1965-09-14 | 1969-09-09 | Owens Illinois Inc | Dichroic glasses |
US3498806A (en) * | 1965-09-07 | 1970-03-03 | Owens Illinois Inc | Glass compositions and process |
US3523779A (en) * | 1965-11-15 | 1970-08-11 | Owens Illinois Inc | Glass composition and method |
US3628932A (en) * | 1968-01-10 | 1971-12-21 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Preparation of glass containing selenium |
US3723142A (en) * | 1969-12-11 | 1973-03-27 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Neutral gray glass |
GB1331492A (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1973-09-26 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Coloured glasses |
US4104076A (en) * | 1970-03-17 | 1978-08-01 | Saint-Gobain Industries | Manufacture of novel grey and bronze glasses |
US4339541A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1982-07-13 | Bfg Glassgroup | Manufacture of tinted glass |
-
1992
- 1992-09-10 US US07/942,910 patent/USRE34639E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA516737A (en) * | 1955-09-20 | H. Armistead William | Green ophthalmic glass | |
CA568513A (en) * | 1959-01-06 | E. Duncan James | Glass composition | |
CA570195A (en) * | 1959-02-03 | E. Duncan James | Glass composition | |
CA618642A (en) * | 1961-04-18 | Owens-Illinois Glass Company | Glass-making frit and method | |
CA684730A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company | Glass composition | |
CA711746A (en) * | 1965-06-15 | Owens-Illinois Glass Company | Glass-making frit and method | |
CA802275A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | Jaupain Maurice | Glass composition | |
US2524719A (en) * | 1946-11-26 | 1950-10-03 | American Optical Corp | Glass composition |
US2923635A (en) * | 1957-01-30 | 1960-02-02 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Manufacture of colored glass by addition of colorant to flint glass in a feeder |
USRE25312E (en) * | 1957-02-25 | 1963-01-01 | Glass composition | |
US2956892A (en) * | 1957-10-25 | 1960-10-18 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
US3328150A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1967-06-27 | Owens Illinois Inc | Apparatus for blending molten glass |
US3291621A (en) * | 1963-05-31 | 1966-12-13 | Owens Illinois Inc | Ultraviolet light-absorbing glass |
US3296004A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1967-01-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Neutral brown heat absorbing glass composition |
US3296005A (en) * | 1964-12-23 | 1967-01-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Bronze-smoke ophthalmic glass composition |
US3498806A (en) * | 1965-09-07 | 1970-03-03 | Owens Illinois Inc | Glass compositions and process |
US3466180A (en) * | 1965-09-14 | 1969-09-09 | Owens Illinois Inc | Dichroic glasses |
US3523779A (en) * | 1965-11-15 | 1970-08-11 | Owens Illinois Inc | Glass composition and method |
US3628932A (en) * | 1968-01-10 | 1971-12-21 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Preparation of glass containing selenium |
US3723142A (en) * | 1969-12-11 | 1973-03-27 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Neutral gray glass |
US4104076A (en) * | 1970-03-17 | 1978-08-01 | Saint-Gobain Industries | Manufacture of novel grey and bronze glasses |
GB1331492A (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1973-09-26 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Coloured glasses |
US4339541A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1982-07-13 | Bfg Glassgroup | Manufacture of tinted glass |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
"An Introduction to Color" no date available, Ralph M. Evans, pp. 105-106. |
"Color in Business, Science and Industry", Deane, B. Judd and Gunter Wyszecki, 3 Ed., Wiley & Sons, no date. |
"Handbook of Colorimetry" 1936 Mass. Inst. Tech. |
An Introduction to Color no date available, Ralph M. Evans, pp. 105 106. * |
Color in Business, Science and Industry , Deane, B. Judd and Gunter Wyszecki, 3 Ed., Wiley & Sons, no date. * |
Handbook of Colorimetry 1936 Mass. Inst. Tech. * |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5558942A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-09-24 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Ultraviolet ray absorbent colored glass |
US7071133B2 (en) | 1993-11-16 | 2006-07-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Colored glass compositions and-automotive vision panels with-reduced transmitted-color shift |
US6114264A (en) | 1993-11-16 | 2000-09-05 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Gray glass composition |
US20030216242A1 (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 2003-11-20 | Mehran Arbab | Colored glass compositions and automotive vision panels with reduced transmitted color shift |
US5897956A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1999-04-27 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Glass having low solar radiation and ultraviolet ray transmittance |
US5688727A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-11-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing blue glass composition |
US5807417A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1998-09-15 | Ford Motor Company | Nitrate-free method for manufacturing a blue glass composition |
US5851940A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1998-12-22 | Ford Motor Company | Blue glass with improved UV and IR absorption |
US6313053B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2001-11-06 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing blue glass composition |
US6673730B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2004-01-06 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorbing glass article and method |
US20040077479A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2004-04-22 | Dominique Coster | Coloured soda-lime glass of high light transmission |
US20050014627A1 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-20 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Infrared absorbing blue glass composition |
US6995102B2 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2006-02-07 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Infrared absorbing blue glass composition |
US7625830B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2009-12-01 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Blue glass composition |
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Legal Events
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Owner name: FORD MOTOR COMPANY, MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BOULOS, EDWARD N.;REID, PATRICIA B.;TWEADEY, ROBERT F.;REEL/FRAME:006416/0056 Effective date: 19920820 |
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