USRE40032E1 - Wireless data communication system having power saving function - Google Patents
Wireless data communication system having power saving function Download PDFInfo
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- USRE40032E1 USRE40032E1 US10/368,018 US36801803A USRE40032E US RE40032 E1 USRE40032 E1 US RE40032E1 US 36801803 A US36801803 A US 36801803A US RE40032 E USRE40032 E US RE40032E
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- Prior art keywords
- station
- messages
- mobile wireless
- stations
- message
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
- H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- This invention relates to wireless data communication systems.
- WO 92/19059 discloses a wireless data communication system which includes a cable-based network to which are attached controllers which maintain a portable device in communication with the network for data transfer.
- the portable unit transmits polling packets at regular intervals. Normally, a response packet is received from the current controller. If no response packet is received for a predetermined number of attempts, the portable unit initiates a procedure for registering with a new controller.
- the portable unit is powered by a battery which supplies power to the unit's transceiver and packet processor via a switch.
- the portable unit Following transmission of a polling packet, the portable unit remains fully active until a response packet is received, or until the expiry of a predetermined time period such as 10 milliseconds, and then operates the switch thereby disabling battery current to the packet processor and transceiver for a further predetermined time period, whereafter a new polling packet is transmitted.
- a predetermined time period such as 10 milliseconds
- the polling may be at a slow rate of about two second intervals, this rate being doubled each time a response packet is received. When the transmission rate is low, the polling rate is reduced, thereby reducing requirements for battery current.
- the power saving function is thus seen to be a complex procedure, involving the exchange of polling and response packets for each individual station, which results in inefficient use of the wireless communication medium. Furthermore, the two seconds response time is inadequate for normal network operation at current data rates. Thus, a 200 milliseconds interval is considered appropriate to ensure uninterrupted communication under the typical LLC (logical link control) layer protocols used in the majority of contemporary LAN networks. These protocols typically utilize a timeout timer having around 400 milliseconds duration, after which a transmitted packet is considered to have been lost. On expiry of such timer, the protocols will attempt a recovery procedure by retransmitting the packet a limited number of times.
- LLC logical link control
- a method of operating a wireless data communication system including a plurality of wireless stations, characterized by the steps of: broadcasting synchronizing messages from a selected one of said stations; identifying stations that are to receive data messages by transmitting traffic indicator information in association with said synchronizing messages; operating said stations in an awake state of relatively high power consumption while broadcasting said synchronizing messages and transmitting said traffic indicator information; changing the operating state of stations that are not to receive data messages to a doze state of relativity low power consumption after receiving a synchronizing message; and maintaining stations that are to receive data messages in said awake state for at least a time period during which one or more data messages are transmitted to those stations.
- a wireless data communication system including a plurality of wireless data communication stations, characterized in that a selected one of said stations includes synchronizing timing means adapted to control the transmission of synchronizing messages by the selected station; in that means are provided adapted to transmit traffic indicator information in association with said synchronizing messages, identifying stations that are to receive data messages; and in that said stations include switching means adapted to control the power supply applied to station transceiver means, such that said stations are controlled to be in an awake state of relatively high power consumption to receive said synchronizing messages and said traffic indicator information and any data messages to be received and are changed to a doze state of relatively low power consumption following receipt of said synchronizing messages and said traffic indicator information if no data messages are to be received.
- the synchronous operation of the power saving function enables efficient use of the wireless medium to be achieved by reducing the number of messages transmitted over the wireless medium to effect the power saving function as compared with the system disclosed in the aforementioned International Patent Application No. WO 92/19059. Also, the synchronous operation is more power efficient since the earliest possible arrival time of the synchronizing message is known in advance.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention including a plurality of mobile, battery-powered wireless stations and an access point;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a typical mobile station
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the access point
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate two types of traffic indicator messages
- FIG. 6 is a timing diagram showing the alternation between doze and awake states of the mobile stations according to a first scheme
- FIG. 7 is a timing diagram showing the alternation between doze and awake states of the mobile stations according to a second scheme
- FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of the invention including a plurality of mobile, battery-powered wireless stations disposed in a so-called “ad-hoc” network;
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a typical wireless station shown in FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 10 is a timing diagram showing the structure of SYNC intervals utilized in the operation of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram of a traffic indicator message utilized in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a timing diagram showing the doze and awake states of stations participating in an exchange of data messages.
- the LAN system 10 includes a backbone LAN 12 , which is a wired, cable-based LAN and which includes a cable 14 connecting to a base station, referred to herein as an access point 16 .
- the access point 16 has an antenna 18 .
- a server 19 may be connected to the cable 14 to provide a server function for devices communicating with the LAN 12 .
- the server 19 other devices or networks may be coupled to the LAN 12 to provide a communications infrastructure.
- Also included in the system are a plurality of mobile wireless stations 20 , referenced individually as mobile stations 20 - 1 to 20 - 4 .
- the mobile stations 20 have antennas 22 , referenced individually as antennas 22 - 1 to 22 - 4 .
- the access point 16 has a coverage area, referred to herein as cell 24 . It should be understood that additional access points (not shown), similar to the access point 16 , may be connected to the cable 14 and form part of the LAN 12 . Each mobile wireless station communicates with only one access point at any one time, depending on which cell the station is currently located in. This is effected by providing a cell identification portion in messages transmitted in the system. When a mobile station 20 moves from one cell 24 to another cell, a handover procedure is effected to hand over communications to a new access point. In a modification, the access point 16 is not connected to a backbone LAN, but has as its sole function the regulation of the traffic within its associated cell 24 .
- the mobile station 20 includes a wireless transceiver 30 coupled to the antenna 22 and to a bus 32 .
- the mobile station 20 also includes, connected to the bus 32 , a processor 34 and a memory 36 .
- Other devices such as a keyboard (not shown) and a display (not shown) may be connected to the bus 32 , to enable the mobile station 20 to function as a hand-held data processing device.
- the mobile station 20 may be configured to generate as a hand-held wireless scanner by providing a suitable scanning device (not shown) in the station 20 .
- the mobile station 20 is battery powered, and includes a battery power source 40 connected to a power line 42 , which supplies power to the components of the mobile station 20 .
- the power line 42 is connected to supply continuous power to the processor 34 and memory 36 .
- power is supplied to the wireless transceiver 30 via a switch 44 which operates under the control of a doze timer 46 and power managment circuit 47 .
- the transceiver 30 of the station 20 is either in an awake state or in a doze state, dependent on the state of the switch 44 . In the awake state the transceiver 30 is fully powered, and capable of receiving or transmitting messages.
- the transceiver 30 In the doze state, the transceiver 30 is operated at a much lower power level and is not capable of receiving or transmitting messages. In the doze state, the transceiver 30 consumes significantly less power than when in the awake state.
- the switch 44 is switched on to initiate an awake state in response to the timing out of the doze timer 46 , and is switched off to initiate a doze state by the power management circuit 47 at appropriate times as will be explained hereinafter.
- the station 20 is operable in either a continuous-active mode, in which the station is always in the awake state, or in a power-save mode, in which the station alternates between doze and awake states in a manner which will be explained in more detail hereinafter.
- the access pint 16 maintains a record of the operational mode (continuous-active or power-save) of each station in its cell 24 . It should be understood that, in the power-save ode, all messages are transmitted via the access point 16 , that is, direct message transmission between two stations is not possible.
- the access point 16 includes a wireless transceiver 50 coupled to the antenna 18 and to a bus 52 .
- a further transceiver 54 connected to the bus 52 connects the access point 16 to the cable 14 of the backbone LAN 12 (FIG. 1 ).
- Also connected to the bus 52 are a processor 56 , a memory 58 , a packet buffer 60 and a TIM timer 62 , the operation of which will be described hereinafter.
- the transceiver 54 is unnecessary and may be omitted.
- the operation of the mobile station 20 in the power-save mode will now be described.
- the present invention enables a significant reduction in power consumption during the periods when a station is not transmitting or receiving messages, by switching the station to the doze state for a considerable part of this time. Reductions of more than 90% may be achieved.
- a mobile station 20 is initially powered-up, it is put in the awake state, until it receives a TIM message (traffic indicator message) from the access point.
- TIM message traffic indicator message
- the access point 16 broadcasts TIM messages at regular intervals (such as every 200 milliseconds), under the control of the TIM timer 62 (FIG. 3 ).
- the TIM message 70 includes a header portion 72 , a broadcast message indicator portion 74 , destination address portions 76 , 78 etc. indicative of station addresses for which the access point 16 has messages stored in its buffer 60 , and a check portion 80 .
- the header portion 72 contains a conventional preamble portion, a cell identification portion, an identification of the TIM message as a broadcast packet, and a type field which indicates that the message is a TIM message.
- the header may also contain other portions which are not pertinent to the present invention and therefore will not be described herein.
- the second format of a TIM message is shown in FIG. 5 .
- This second format TIM message 90 includes a header portion 92 similar to the header portion 72 (FIG. 4 ), a broadcast indicator portion 94 , and a broadcast count portion 96 , which represents the number of broadcast messages buffered in the access point 16 .
- the TIM message 90 further includes, for messages buffered in the access point 16 , an identification of the destination addresses and the number of messages for each destination address.
- the message portions 98 , 100 , 102 and 104 represent that there are pending messages for two destination addresses, and include counts representing the number of messages pending for the respective destination addresses.
- FIG. 6 there is shown a timing diagram for the access point 16 and four mobile stations 20 - 1 to 20 - 4 , referred to as stations 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , respectively.
- the top line of FIG. 6 illustrates the transmission by the access point 16 of eight TIM messages TIM-1 to TIM8.
- the dashed arrowed portions 120 - 1 to 120 - 7 represent the operation of the TIM interval timer 62 (FIG.
- the TIM interval timer 62 is initiated after each transmission of a TIM message, and after the expiry of the TIM timer (e.g. after a 200 millisecond interval), the transmission of a new TIM message is initiated. It will be appreciated that as a result of medium access protocol requirements, the actual times at which TIM messages are transmitted may very slightly.
- the first TIM message TIM-1 indicates that no messages are to be transmitted by the access point 16 .
- the receipt at the mobile stations 1 to 4 of the TIM-1 message triggers the respective doze interval timers 46 ( FIG. 2 ) at the stations, and causes all these stations to go to the doze state for intervals represented by the dashed line intervals 130 - 1 , 132 - 1 , 134 - 1 and 136 - 1 .
- each station 1 to 4 is switched to the awake state.
- the duration of the doze interval is chosen such that the station transceiver is in the awake state prior to the earliest time that the next TIM message can arrive. This ensures that no TIM message is lost due to a late switching to the awake state.
- next TIM message TIM-2 indictes that messages are to be transmitted to stations 1 and 2 .
- stations 1 and 2 remain awake at least until the reception of the next TIM message, and their doze timers are not effective.
- a message to station 1 is transmitted during time interval 140 , the receipt thereof resulting in a data interrupt to the processor of station 1 , as shown by arrow 142 .
- a message for station 2 providing a data interrupt to its processor as shown by arrow 145 .
- time interval 146 a second message for station 1 is transmitted, the receipt thereof resulting in a data interrupt to the processor of station 1 , as shown by arrow 148 .
- any messages that arrive at the access point in the current TIM interval before the transmission of the next TIM message can also be transmitted during such current TIM interval to stations (such as stations 1 and 2 ) which are awake during that interval.
- next TIM message indicates that there is a message for station 1 only.
- station 1 remains awake for the duration of the next TIM interval, whereas station 2 returns to the doze state and triggers its doze interval timer as shown by dashed line interval 132 - 3 .
- a message for station 1 is transmitted during time interval 150 , and the receipt thereof resulting in a data interrupt to the processor of station 1 as shown by arrow 152 .
- the next TIM message, TIM-4 indicates that there are no messages for transmission to any of the stations. Consequently, all four stations return to the doze state until the expiry of their doze interval timers, as shown by dashed time intervals 130 - 4 , 132 - 4 , 134 - 4 , and 136 - 4 .
- the next TIM message, TIM-5 indicates that a broadcast message is to be sent, such a message being intended for reception by all the stations. Thus, upon receiving the message TIM-5, all four stations 1 to 4 remain awake for the duration of the next TIM interval.
- the broadcast message is transmitted during the time interval 160 and data interrupts are generated for stations 1 to 4 as shown by arrows 162 , 164 , 166 and 168 , respectively.
- the next TIM message, TIM-6 indicates that a message is to be transmitted to station 2 .
- stations 1 , 3 and 4 return to the doze state as shown by dashed line intervals 130 - 6 , 134 - 6 and 136 - 6 , whereas station 2 remains in the awake state for receipt of the message during time interval 170 , a data interrupt being provided as shown by arrow 172 .
- the described procedure is self synchronizing, in that if a TIM message missed, e.g. through interference, a station which missed that message stays awake until the next TIM message, and synchronizes thereon. This is shown by the X mark 180 shown for station 4 which misses reception of TIM message TIM-7, but resynchronizes upon reception of TIM message TIM-8.
- FIG. 5 shows the format of the TIM message 90 for the “back-to-doze” mode.
- the TIM message 90 contains, as mentioned above, an indication of the number of messages destined for each station designated to receive messages in the TIM message. Since the operation in the back-to-doze mode is somewhat similar to the operation in the stay-awake mode, a full description is considered unnecessary, and only the differences will be briefly described. Thus, the TIM message TIM-2 indicates that two messages are to be transmitted to station 1 and one message to station 2 .
- Such messages are transmitted during time intervals 140 , 144 and 146 .
- station 2 When station 2 has received its single message it returns to the doze state for the remainder of the current doze interval, as shown by level 190 .
- station 1 When station 1 has received its two messages, it returns to the doze state for the remainder of the doze interval, as shown by level 192 .
- the subsequent operation of each station is similar, the doze state being resumed after reception of all the messages destined for that station for the remainder of the doze interval. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the back-to-doze mode, all messages that arrive at the access point 16 for wireless transmission to a station must be buffered at the access point until the next TIM message is sent.
- a station 20 can dynamically select to be in power-save mode or continuous-active mode, the access point 16 being informed of all mode changes.
- the message buffering system is by-passed and messages are sent to the station directly when they arrive.
- an automatic procedure may be employed to keep the station in continuous-active mode prior to the expected traffic, and return it to power-save mode when no further traffic is expected.
- the access point 16 upon detecting that the station has sent a message, marks it as being a continuous-active mode and waits of the station to indicate explicitly that it has returned to power-save mode.
- the station upon detecting that no further traffic is expected, or upon expiration of a fixed interval timer, sends an explicit message to the access point 16 to indicate a return to power-save mode, and the station then returns to power-save mode.
- the access point 16 and mobile station 20 can both utilize so-called holdover timers (described in more detail hereinbelow in connection with the second embodiment of the invention).
- the station 20 upon transmission of a data message, starts a holdover timer (not shown) and stays in continuous-active mode until the expiration of that timer. With each transmission, the timer is restarted.
- the access point 16 can employ a similar arrangement to know when a station 20 is still in continuous-active mode and when it has returned to power-save mode. It will be appreciated that when utilizing this modified procedure, the mobile station 20 will be interpreting TIM messages even while it is in continuous-active mode.
- the second embodiment relates to a so-called “ad-hoc” network 210 , that is, a plurality of battery-powered mobile wireless stations 220 , referenced individually as mobile wireless stations 220 - 1 , 220 - 2 , 220 - 3 and 220 - 4 . These stations are situated within a coverage area or cell 224 such that all stations 220 can communicate directly with one another.
- the stations 220 have antennas 222 , referenced individually as antennas 222 - 1 , 222 - 2 , 222 - 3 and 222 - 4 .
- the mobile station 220 includes a wireless transceiver 230 coupled to an antenna 222 and to a bus 232 .
- the mobile station 220 also includes, connected to the bus 232 , a processor 234 , and a memory 236 .
- Other devices such as a keyboard (not shown) and a display (not shown) may be connected to the bus 232 to enable the mobile station 220 to function as a hand-held data processing device.
- Other functions, such as a wireless hand-held scanner, are also possible for the station 220 .
- the mobile station 220 is battery powered, and includes a battery power source 240 connected to a power line 242 , which supplies power to the components of the mobile station.
- the power line 242 is connected to supply continuous power to the processor 234 , memory 236 and other devices.
- power is supplied to the wireless transceiver 230 via a switch 244 which operates under the control of a doze timer 246 and power management circuit 247 .
- the components of the mobile wireless station 220 described thus far correspond to components of the mobile wireless station 20 (FIG. 2 ).
- the mobile wireless station 220 also contains a message buffer 248 used to store messages, as will be described hereinafter, a PSYNC timer 250 , a transmit holdover time 252 and a receive holdover timer 254 .
- the mobile wireless station 220 can operate either in a power-save mode, or in a continuous-active mode.
- the station 220 can be in an awake state, in which it is fully operational, or in a doze state, in which the wireless transceiver 230 operates at a reduced power level.
- the network 210 operates in accordance with a power saving scheme, the principles underlying which will now be described.
- one of the stations 220 assumed here to be the station 220 - 1 , will assume the role of master station, and commences to transmit PSYNC messages (to be described) at regular intervals.
- the PSYNC messages are broadcast messages and therefore received by all stations.
- each station 220 initially listens for a PSYNC message for a predetermined time, and if none is received, assumes the role of master station.
- the PSYNC messages include a portion identifying the message as a PSYNC message and a source address portion identifying the station 220 transmitting the message. Only one station 220 will assume the role of master station and transmit PSYNC messages.
- PSYNC-1 to PSYNC-4 the generation by the master station of four PSYNC messages, identified as PSYNC-1 to PSYNC-4 is shown.
- the PSYNC timer 250 ( FIG. 9 ) is triggered at the master station to initiate a PSYNC timer interval 280 , the respective PSYNC timer intervals being identified as 280 - 1 to 280 - 4 in FIG. 10 .
- the transmission of the next PSYNC message is normally initiated, although the actual transmission of such next PSYNC message may be slightly delayed, as will be explained hereinbelow.
- the reception of a PSYNC message at stations 220 other than the master station triggers the doze timer 246 ( FIG. 9 ) at those stations to initiate a doze interval of low power operation.
- the operating periods of the doze timer 246 are identified by the timing periods 290 - 1 to 290 - 4 shown in FIG. 10 , the second line of which shows the doze and awake states of a station.
- the time dimension is split into approximately equal SYNC intervals shown for example as SYNC-1, SYNC-2 and SYNC-3 in FIG. 10 .
- Each SYNC interval consists of a low-power period LP, shown as low-power periods LP-1 to LP-3 in FIG.
- the start of a SYNC interval and the low-power period is the detection of the PSYNC message.
- the duration of the low-power periods is determined by the doze timer 246 providing doze intervals 290 - 1 , 290 - 2 , etc.
- the duration of the full-power periods FP-1, FP-2, etc. is determined by the difference between the PSYNC timer intervals and the station doze timer intervals, and (as will be explained hereinafter) by the amount of traffic in the network.
- a station 220 When a station 220 starts participation in the network 210 , it is controlled to be in the awake state until it receives a PSYNC message.
- the reception of the PSYNC message triggers the doze timer 246 as previously mentioned to commence timing a doze interval, with a time interval shorter than that of the PSYNC timer, and the station goes into the doze state.
- the doze timer 246 is triggered after every PSYNC message reception. When the doze timer 246 expires, the station switches to the awake state and waits for messages to be received.
- a station 220 that wants to transmit one or more data messages to one or more other stations determines its position in the current SYNC interval. If it is in a low-power period such as LP-1 (FIG. 10 ), it waits until the doze timer 246 expires before transmitting, whereas if it is in a full-power period such as the period FP-1 ( FIG. 10 ) it can immediately commence transmission. In either case, there are two possibilities. If the station has a single short message to transmit, this can be directly transmitted to the destination station.
- LP-1 low-power period
- a PTIM message includes an identification portion indentifying the message as a PTIM message and an identification of source and destination addresses of data messages to be transmitted by the source station. Referring to FIG. 11 , there is shown the basic structure of a PTIM message 400 .
- the PTIM message 400 includes a preamble portion 402 , a type portion identifying the PTIM message as such, a destination address portion 406 , a source address portion 408 , an (optional) data portion 410 and a CRC check portion 412 .
- the PTIM message 400 may contain other portions which are not relevant to the present invention and are therefore not described herein.
- the station upon the expiry of its doze timer 246 , goes into the awake state and waits for messages.
- the first possibility is that the first message that the station receives is a PSYNC message. This means that there is no message waiting for it, and the station returns to the doze state.
- the second possibility is that the station receives one or more PTIM messages. This means that one or more messages are waiting for it. The station then stays in the awake state after the PSYNC message is received until it receives the indicated messages from the issuers of all the received PTIM messages.
- the doze timer 246 is restarted after each PSYNC message, in the normal way, but does not return the station to the doze state. This enables the station to stay synchronized.
- the third possibility for the station waiting to receive messages is that the station receives a (short) data message, transmitted as described hereinabove. The station then stays in the awake state until it receives a PSYNC message, whereafter it returns to the doze state in the usual way.
- the first line of FIG. 12 shows a succession of six PSYNC messages transmitted by the master station.
- the master station goes into the doze state after the transmission of each PSYNC message unless it received a PTIM message.
- PSYNC-1 the transmission of the first PSYNC message PSYNC-1 and before the transmission of the second PSYNC message PSYNC-2
- one of the other stations 220 identified as transmitting station A
- the station A transmits a PTIM message to destination station B.
- Station A then stays in the continuous active mode for a period of time, referred to as the transmit holdover time, during which it does not revert to the doze state.
- station B can transmit data messages (such as acknowledgement messages) immediately as they become available and does not have to use the PTIM synchronization procedure.
- the receiving station B also applies a holdover procedure by not going back to the doze state.
- the station 220 FIG. 9
- the station 220 includes the transmit holdover timer 252 which is restarted after each transmission.
- the receive holdover timer 254 is started after each receipt of a message.
- station B When station B receives the PTIM message 300 ( FIG. 12 ) it provides a PTIM interrupt 302 to its processor.
- Station A transmits a first data message 304 - 1 to station B, which provides a data interrupt 306 - 1 to its processor.
- Station B then transmits a message 308 - 1 (which may be a response or an acknowledgement message) to station A (which is maintained in the awake state as discussed previously).
- Station A then issues a data interrupt 310 - 1 to its processor.
- Next station A transmits a second message 304 - 2 to station B, which provides a second data interrupt 306 - 2 to its processor.
- Station B then transmits a second message 308 - 2 .
- the sequence of message transmission and data interrupts continues as shown, with the third data message 308 - 3 transmitted by station B being the last transmitted data message.
- the next PSYNC message should be transmitted as soon as possible so as to keep the full-power period FP a short as possible.
- the difference between the time-out periods of the PSYNC timer 250 ( FIG. 9 ) and the doze timer 246 (FIG. 9 ), as represented, for example, by the timing intervals 280 - 1 and 290 - 1 in FIG. 10 can be very short, as a percentage of the SYNC interval.
- this lengthening of the full-power period is effected by means of a medium access priority scheme, wherein PTIM messages and direct data messages are given higher access priority than PSYNC messages.
- a medium access priority scheme wherein PTIM messages and direct data messages are given higher access priority than PSYNC messages.
- CSMA/CA carrier select multiple access with collision avoidance
Abstract
Description
Claims (179)
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US10/368,018 USRE40032E1 (en) | 1993-03-06 | 2003-02-19 | Wireless data communication system having power saving function |
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GB939304638A GB9304638D0 (en) | 1993-03-06 | 1993-03-06 | Wireless data communication system having power saving function |
US08/127,268 US6192230B1 (en) | 1993-03-06 | 1993-09-27 | Wireless data communication system having power saving function |
US10/368,018 USRE40032E1 (en) | 1993-03-06 | 2003-02-19 | Wireless data communication system having power saving function |
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US08/127,268 Reissue US6192230B1 (en) | 1993-03-06 | 1993-09-27 | Wireless data communication system having power saving function |
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