USRE41079E1 - Manual adjacencies alternate routing - Google Patents
Manual adjacencies alternate routing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE41079E1 USRE41079E1 US10/644,216 US64421603A USRE41079E US RE41079 E1 USRE41079 E1 US RE41079E1 US 64421603 A US64421603 A US 64421603A US RE41079 E USRE41079 E US RE41079E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- area
- routeing
- mas
- network
- message
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
- H04Q3/64—Distributing or queueing
- H04Q3/66—Traffic distributors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
- H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
- H04J3/1611—Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
- H04L45/04—Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13141—Hunting for free outlet, circuit or channel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13167—Redundant apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13367—Hierarchical multiplexing, add-drop multiplexing
Definitions
- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment is the latest generation of equipment that is used to provide high bandwidth communications capabilities for use between telephone exchanges and in other areas where high quality telecomms is required (broadcast video distribution, etc).
- DCCs data communications channels
- These channels constitute a datacomms network that uses Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) protocols.
- OSI Open Systems Interconnections
- Each piece of equipment constitutes a routeing node in the datacomms network formed by the data channels, and can operate any one of a number of different methods.
- the present invention is concerned with the interworking of two of the possible routeing methods.
- the two routeing methods that will commonly occur in SDH networks are IS—IS (ISO 10589) and quasi-static routeing (where alternate routes may be chosen no link failure). Where this occurs, routeing loops, causing loss of comms, can be caused.
- the present invention detects the formation of a routeing loop and changes the behaviour of the IS—IS node accordingly.
- a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) based communications network comprising a plurality of Intermediate Systems (IS), the IS being divided between at least one IS—IS Area and at least one non-IS—IS Area, an IS—IS Area being an area within which a routeing protocol forming part of the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the Open Systems Interconnection including routeing (OIS), is provided for routeing messages between areas, a method is provided wherein static routes (Manual Adjacencies (MA) are created at IS within the IS—IS Area to point to routes to a group of one or more Network Equipments (NEs) within the non-IS—IS Area and where a failure occurs in a link to or within a group and messages from the IS—IS Area to the non-IS—IS Area are looped to the originating IS—IS Area, identification of the NEs from which messages have been looped are removed from the respective MAS allowing routeing of messages via alternative MAS.
- SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
- FIGURE illustrates in part the connection between an IS—IS Routeing Domain and a non-IS—IS (static) Routeing Sub-Domain.
- the IS—IS routeing protocol is one of a set of ‘link state’ dynamic routeing protocols. These protocols automatically distribute routeing information round the datacomms network, allowing nodes to learn the required routeing information from the actual network. This provides the ability to automatically reconfigure, allowing routeing round network faults, in case of network link failure.
- the IS—IS routeing protocol has two routeing levels, Level-1 and Level-2. See FIG. 2 (from ISO 10589) see FIG. 2 from the ISO 10589 document referenced below for the use of these levels and the general environment of this protocol.
- the present invention is also applicable to other datacomms scenarios, where a dynamic routeing protocol is interworked with static routeing, or a different dynamic protocol (e.g. OSPF and static routes, etc).
- a dynamic routeing protocol is interworked with static routeing, or a different dynamic protocol (e.g. OSPF and static routes, etc).
- Level 1 Intermediate Systems deliver and receive NPDUs from other systems, and relay NPDUs from other source systems to other destination systems. They route directly to systems within their own area, and route towards a Level 2 Intermediate system when the destination system is in a different area.
- Level 2 Intermediate Systems act as Level 1 Intermediate systems in addition to acting as a system in the subdomain consisting of Level 2 ISs. Systems in the Level 2 subdomain route towards a destination area, or another routeing domain.
- NPDUs destined for NSAPs residing on NEs in the non-IS—IS subdomain References to the routeing of NPDUs are made with regard to NPDUs destined for NSAPs residing on NEs in the non-IS—IS subdomain.
- IS—IS is a dynamic, link-state, routeing protocol, which can be included as part of the Network Layer (Layer-3) of the OSI Reference Model.
- Layer-3 Network Layer
- ISs running IS—IS will be termed Routers.
- Routers can participate in two levels of routeing:
- Level 1 Routers provide the ability to enter static routes to allow Level-1 routeing to non-IS—IS NEs to be used. This static route is termed a Manual Adjacency (MA) and may be used to point to a single NE, or a group of NEs.
- MA Manual Adjacency
- routeing failures in the non-IS—IS group can cause messages (NPDUs) to be looped back to the IS—IS NE containing the MA.
- This NE should then send the message back to the non-IS—IS group (from whence it came), causing a routeing loop, and subsequent loss of communications (the NPDU will loop until its lifetime expires and it is deleted).
- a second connection from the IS—IS domain, to this group of non-IS—IS NEs would be of no benefit in this case.
- FIG. 1 In FIG. 1 :
- node 2 In the existing situation under ISO 10589, routeing is from node 1 to node 4 , node 2 returns the message to node 1 , which then sends it back to node 2 due to the MA. The message continues looping between nodes 1 & 2 until its lifetime expires and is deleted.
- MA Alternate Routeing provides resilience when MAs are used to route to groups of non-IS—IS NEs, allowing benefit from the use of multiple connections between the IS—IS domain and the group of non-IS—IS NEs. It achieves the resilience by controlling the state of the advertising of the Manual Adjacencies. On detection of the looping of messages due to a link break in the non-IS—IS group, the IDs of the NEs for which messages have been ‘looped’ are removed from the IS—IS Level-1 advertising process (link state information). This allows the MAs in the alternate interdomain connections to be selected instead.
- the System ID of the Destination NSAP of the NPDU is removed from the SID list of the MA. To do this, the MA will first be taken ‘down’ it will be taken back ‘up’ when the SID has been removed.
- a Hold-Off timer (16-32s) is used. This allows the collection of all SIDs associated with the break, before the MA is taken down for the removal of the SIDs.
- the SID is reinstated on the expiry of a single, jittered, Recovery Timer (approx. 5 mins). This is only done, however, if no other route exists for the destination node, in the IS—IS domain.
- the present invention is also applicable to other Link-State dynamic routeing protocols, that use static routes to interwork with dissimilar routeing protocols.
- routeing is from node 1 to node 4 , the first time a message is sent back from node 2 to node 1 (due to the break), the loop is detected and the System ID of node 4 is removed from the MA in node 1 . The change in the MA in node 1 will then be propagated to the IS—IS Level-1 subdomain. All the Level-1 routers in this AREA will then recalculate their routes. There will now be a route to node 4 via node 5 . Messages sent to node 4 before the recalculation has taken place will probably be lost in the network. This is covered by the recovery mechanisms in upper layer protocols (layer-4 say).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Area An IS—IS Level 1 routeing subdomain
- ES End System—these systems deliver NPDUs to other systems and receive NPDUs from other systems but do not relay NPDUs
- IS Intermediate System (a node where data may be routed on to another IS or to an End System (ES)
- IS—IS The IS—IS intra-domain routeing protocol (see reference)
- MA Manual Adjacency
- NE Network Element
- NPDU Network Layer Protocol Data Unit
- NSAP Network Service Access Point (layer-3 address)
- OSI Open Systems Interconnection
- SID System ID—Part of the NSAP
- Router An IS running IS—IS
- Level-1—For routeing within an Area
- Level-2—For routeing between Areas
-
- 1. Nodes 1 & 5 are IS—IS routers.
- 2. Nodes 2-4 are non-IS—IS routers.
- 3. MAs are used in nodes 1 & 5, each MA containing the System IDs of nodes 2-4.
- 4. The link between
nodes 2 & 3 is broken. - 5. The routeing for nodes 2-4 is via node 1 due to shortest path routeing in the IS—IS Domain.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/644,216 USRE41079E1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2003-08-20 | Manual adjacencies alternate routing |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9716195.4A GB9716195D0 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1997-07-31 | MA alternate routeing |
GB9716195 | 1997-07-31 | ||
US09/040,616 US6278687B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1998-03-18 | MA alternate routeing |
US10/644,216 USRE41079E1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2003-08-20 | Manual adjacencies alternate routing |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/040,616 Reissue US6278687B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1998-03-18 | MA alternate routeing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE41079E1 true USRE41079E1 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
Family
ID=10816766
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/040,616 Ceased US6278687B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1998-03-18 | MA alternate routeing |
US10/644,216 Expired - Lifetime USRE41079E1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2003-08-20 | Manual adjacencies alternate routing |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/040,616 Ceased US6278687B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 1998-03-18 | MA alternate routeing |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6278687B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0895431B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3905218B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1115841C (en) |
AU (1) | AU745768B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69819088T2 (en) |
GB (2) | GB9716195D0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO981154L (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002091203A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-11-14 | Nokia Inc. | Method and system for implementing mpls redundancy |
US7155632B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2006-12-26 | Nokia, Inc. | Method and system for implementing IS-IS protocol redundancy |
US7580394B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-08-25 | Nokia Corporation | System and method for collision-free transmission scheduling in a network |
US7707307B2 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2010-04-27 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for constructing a backup route in a data communications network |
US7466661B1 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2008-12-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for establishing adjacency for a restarting router during convergence |
US7428213B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2008-09-23 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining network routing information based on shared risk link group information |
US7366099B2 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2008-04-29 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for synchronizing a data communications network |
US7864712B2 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2011-01-04 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Preventing loops in networks operating different protocols to provide loop-free topology |
US8774010B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2014-07-08 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for providing proactive fault monitoring in a network environment |
US8559341B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2013-10-15 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for providing a loop free topology in a network environment |
US8982733B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-03-17 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for managing topology changes in a network environment |
US8670326B1 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2014-03-11 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for probing multiple paths in a network environment |
US8724517B1 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2014-05-13 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for managing network traffic disruption |
US8830875B1 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2014-09-09 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for providing a loop free topology in a network environment |
US9450846B1 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2016-09-20 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for tracking packets in a network environment |
CN113315698B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-07-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Task-based sensor networking message routing method |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5251205A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1993-10-05 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Multiple protocol routing |
US5262906A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-11-16 | Alcatel Network Systems, Inc. | Message routing for SONET telecommunications maintenance network |
EP0645905A2 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-29 | Nec Corporation | Sonet Ring subnetwork management method |
US5550805A (en) | 1994-02-14 | 1996-08-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Failure restoration method in a mesh network |
GB2301991A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-18 | Plessey Telecomm | Preventing closed timing loops in SDH network synchronisation |
US5590118A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1996-12-31 | Alcatel N.V. | Method for rerouting a data stream |
WO1997024901A1 (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1997-07-10 | Mci Communications Corporation | Restoration systems for an optical telecommunications network |
US5678178A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1997-10-14 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | SDH network having dynamic allocation of transmission capacity |
US6055226A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-04-25 | Alcatel | Method to signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable the latter to provide a service such as a protection mechanism |
US6195425B1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2001-02-27 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Telecommunications system with wide area internetwork control |
-
1997
- 1997-07-31 GB GBGB9716195.4A patent/GB9716195D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-03-12 EP EP98301875A patent/EP0895431B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-12 DE DE69819088T patent/DE69819088T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-13 GB GB9805249A patent/GB2328113B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-16 NO NO981154A patent/NO981154L/en unknown
- 1998-03-18 US US09/040,616 patent/US6278687B1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-19 AU AU59390/98A patent/AU745768B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-19 JP JP11263598A patent/JP3905218B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-16 CN CN98106691A patent/CN1115841C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-20 US US10/644,216 patent/USRE41079E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5251205A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1993-10-05 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Multiple protocol routing |
US5430727A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1995-07-04 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Multiple protocol routing |
US5262906A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-11-16 | Alcatel Network Systems, Inc. | Message routing for SONET telecommunications maintenance network |
US5678178A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1997-10-14 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | SDH network having dynamic allocation of transmission capacity |
EP0645905A2 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-29 | Nec Corporation | Sonet Ring subnetwork management method |
US5550805A (en) | 1994-02-14 | 1996-08-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Failure restoration method in a mesh network |
US5590118A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1996-12-31 | Alcatel N.V. | Method for rerouting a data stream |
GB2301991A (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-18 | Plessey Telecomm | Preventing closed timing loops in SDH network synchronisation |
WO1997024901A1 (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1997-07-10 | Mci Communications Corporation | Restoration systems for an optical telecommunications network |
US6055226A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-04-25 | Alcatel | Method to signal a failure in a mixed PDH/SDH network in order to enable the latter to provide a service such as a protection mechanism |
US6195425B1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2001-02-27 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Telecommunications system with wide area internetwork control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1207625A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
GB9716195D0 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
NO981154L (en) | 1999-02-01 |
GB9805249D0 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
US6278687B1 (en) | 2001-08-21 |
JP3905218B2 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
CN1115841C (en) | 2003-07-23 |
EP0895431A3 (en) | 2000-10-18 |
DE69819088D1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
JPH1168853A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
AU745768B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
AU5939098A (en) | 1999-02-11 |
EP0895431B1 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
DE69819088T2 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
NO981154D0 (en) | 1998-03-16 |
EP0895431A2 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
GB2328113A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
GB2328113B (en) | 2002-05-29 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MARCONI UK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LTD., ENGLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MARCONI COMMUNICATIONS LTD;REEL/FRAME:015549/0737 Effective date: 20040610 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: M(DGP1) LTD, UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MARCONI UK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LTD.;REEL/FRAME:018635/0425 Effective date: 20051223 Owner name: M(DGP1) LTD,UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MARCONI UK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LTD.;REEL/FRAME:018635/0425 Effective date: 20051223 Owner name: ERICSSON AB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:M(DGP1) LTD;REEL/FRAME:018797/0607 Effective date: 20060101 Owner name: ERICSSON AB,SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:M(DGP1) LTD;REEL/FRAME:018797/0607 Effective date: 20060101 |
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Year of fee payment: 12 |