WO1983004048A1 - Production of synthetic solid fuel - Google Patents
Production of synthetic solid fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1983004048A1 WO1983004048A1 PCT/GB1983/000134 GB8300134W WO8304048A1 WO 1983004048 A1 WO1983004048 A1 WO 1983004048A1 GB 8300134 W GB8300134 W GB 8300134W WO 8304048 A1 WO8304048 A1 WO 8304048A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- compacted
- paper fragments
- impregnated
- animal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of synthetic r solid fuel.
- a suitable slow-burning solid fuel may be formed by the compaction and drying of paper which has been mixed with or impregnated with animal manure or sewage sludge.
- the resulting dried product can be produced so as to be virtually free of odour, and the manure/sludge impregnant adding to the calorific value of the fuel and making it superior to fuel blocks made from pulped paper alone.
- the raw material By using as the raw material at least some paper fragments which have been used as animal bedding material and which are impregnated with animal manure it is possible to dispense with the separate step of mulching the paper to form a pulp prior to compaction.. It may be found that sufficient drying heat can be .generated by compacting the impregnated paper fragments in a die or press , thereby heating the material frictionally The fuel blocks or pellets can therefore be produced in. a dry semi-tlry * state, avoiding * the need for a separate drying stage .
- the material may be compacted in an extrusion - press , the feed to which mixes up the material , so that the mixing, compacting and drying of the material takes place in a single passage of the material through the press .
- the material may be broken up into convenient lengths for use in a furnace hearth.
- the material may be produced in the form of cylindrical "logs" which may be stacked conveniently. Such logs are easy to handle and enable a boiler hearth to be stoked effectively in a single operation, without the need for constant attention, as will be necessary if particulate fuel were used.
- the solid fuel blocks or pellets may be produced in a specially shaped form, for example in the form of artificial logs.
- the material may be compacted in moulds or presses, rather than extruded.
- the mixed paper fragments and sewage sludge are preferably subjected to an anaerobic decomposition before being compacted.
- the anaerobic decomposition is followed by an aerobic composting- stage, to exhaust bacterial and chemical activity before the compacting stage.
- charcoal, colouring agents, deodorising agents or odoriferous agents may be .added, particularly if th resulting fuel blocks are to be used on open domestic fires.
- the invention also comprehends a synthetic fuel in block or pellet form comprising compressed and dried paper fragements or other cellulose fibres impregnated with animal manure or composted or un ⁇ mposted sewage and bound together.
- animal bedding material in the form of diced or shredded news- papers is collected from farms and other -places of use after impregnation with animal manure.
- the manure may be horsemanure, cattle manure or m.anure from pig or poultry farms.
- each such bedding material becomes partially broken down into cellulose fibres, and the collection of such material in batch or bulk form will have the effect of mixing the material thoroughly.
- the collected material is passed through a compacting plant such as an extrusion press having individual or gang moulds in pelleting dies.
- the ⁇ frictional heat generated as the material is compressed through the extrusion dies generates enough heat to dry the material while the resulting pressure and heat binds the cellulose fibres together to form solid blocks or pellets of combustible material.
- the synthetic fuel thus produced is clean to handle and substantially odour-free.
- the degree of compaction applied to the material in its production has the effect of at least partially re-constituting the cellulose fibres to form a monolithic structure which has slow-burning characteristics, making the material ideal for use in industrial boiler furnaces and in domestic open hearths. Such slow-burning fuel is particularly desirable in a boiler furnace where only occasional fuel replenishment is desirable.
- the method described above envisages the use of soiled animal bedding material, it is also within the scope of the invention ot use clean shredded or diced paper, preferably highly absorbent paper such as newsprint, and to admix this with animal manure, and/or with liquid sewage sludge. If sewage sludge is used, the mixture may be subjected to a bacterial and/or chemical decomposition stage or stages to produce a composted mixture which is then dried and moulded, or extruded as previously ' - 5 -
- the decomposition may, for example, take place in a first anaerobic stage, accompanied by the extraction of methane as a useful by-product, and a second aerobic composting stage.
- uncomposted sewage may be mixed with shredded or diced paper, possibly with the addition of deodorising and/or odoriferous agents.
- Control of the moisture content of the resulting solid fuel which is important in determining the burning 10 characteristics of the fuel, is easily exercised, for example by regulating the extrusion or compacting rate.
Abstract
A synthetic solid fuel is made by subjecting manure-impregnated paper fragments which have been used as animal bedding, or paper pieces mixed with sewage sludge, to a preliminary composting stage or stages (if necessary) followed by compacting and drying, for example by extrusion, to form solid blocks or pellets for use as slow-burning solid fuel.
Description
Production of synthetic solid fuel
This invention relates to the production of synthetic r solid fuel.
It is known to provide a "wood substitute" for fires by mulching and compacting newspapers to form blocks which are subsequently dried." The fuel blocks which are thus formed have slow burning characteristics.
It has been found that a suitable slow-burning solid fuel may be formed by the compaction and drying of paper which has been mixed with or impregnated with animal manure or sewage sludge. The resulting dried product can be produced so as to be virtually free of odour, and the manure/sludge impregnant adding to the calorific value of the fuel and making it superior to fuel blocks made from pulped paper alone. -
According therefore to the present invention there is provided a method Of making synthetic fuel in which paper fragments are mixed with animal manure and /or sewage sludge and subsequently compacted and dried to form solid blocks or pellets of combustible material.
By using as the raw material at least some paper fragments which have been used as animal bedding material and which are impregnated with animal manure it is possible to dispense with the separate step of mulching the paper to form a pulp prior to compaction..
It may be found that sufficient drying heat can be .generated by compacting the impregnated paper fragments in a die or press , thereby heating the material frictionally The fuel blocks or pellets can therefore be produced in. a dry semi-tlry * state, avoiding * the need for a separate drying stage . Thus the material may be compacted in an extrusion - press , the feed to which mixes up the material , so that the mixing, compacting and drying of the material takes place in a single passage of the material through the press .
If the material is produced in an extrusion press it may be broken up into convenient lengths for use in a furnace hearth. For example, the material may be produced in the form of cylindrical "logs" which may be stacked conveniently. Such logs are easy to handle and enable a boiler hearth to be stoked effectively in a single operation, without the need for constant attention, as will be necessary if particulate fuel were used.
For some purposes it may be desirable to produce the solid fuel blocks or pellets in a specially shaped form, for example in the form of artificial logs. For this purpose the material may be compacted in moulds or presses, rather than extruded.
Where sewage sludge is used as a raw material, the mixed paper fragments and sewage sludge are preferably subjected to an anaerobic decomposition before being compacted. * Preferably the anaerobic decomposition is followed by an aerobic composting- stage, to exhaust bacterial and chemical activity before the compacting stage.
Prior to the compaction of the mixed raw materials various additives may be introduced, according to the intended use. For example, charcoal, colouring agents, deodorising agents or odoriferous agents may be .added, particularly if th resulting fuel blocks are to be used on open domestic fires.
The invention also comprehends a synthetic fuel in block or pellet form comprising compressed and dried paper fragements or other cellulose fibres impregnated with animal manure or composted or unσαmposted sewage and bound together.
In one method according to the invention for the production of fuel -in block or pellet form used animal bedding material in the form of diced or shredded news- papers is collected from farms and other -places of use after impregnation with animal manure. The manure may be horsemanure, cattle manure or m.anure from pig or poultry farms. In the course of each such bedding material becomes partially broken down into cellulose fibres, and the collection of such material in batch or bulk
form will have the effect of mixing the material thoroughly. The collected material is passed through a compacting plant such as an extrusion press having individual or gang moulds in pelleting dies. The ~ frictional heat generated as the material is compressed through the extrusion dies generates enough heat to dry the material while the resulting pressure and heat binds the cellulose fibres together to form solid blocks or pellets of combustible material. The synthetic fuel thus produced is clean to handle and substantially odour-free. The degree of compaction applied to the material in its production has the effect of at least partially re-constituting the cellulose fibres to form a monolithic structure which has slow-burning characteristics, making the material ideal for use in industrial boiler furnaces and in domestic open hearths. Such slow-burning fuel is particularly desirable in a boiler furnace where only occasional fuel replenishment is desirable.
Although the method described above envisages the use of soiled animal bedding material, it is also within the scope of the invention ot use clean shredded or diced paper, preferably highly absorbent paper such as newsprint, and to admix this with animal manure, and/or with liquid sewage sludge. If sewage sludge is used, the mixture may be subjected to a bacterial and/or chemical decomposition stage or stages to produce a composted mixture which is then dried and moulded, or extruded as previously
' - 5 -
described. The decomposition may, for example, take place in a first anaerobic stage, accompanied by the extraction of methane as a useful by-product, and a second aerobic composting stage.
5 It is envisaged that for some applications uncomposted sewage may be mixed with shredded or diced paper, possibly with the addition of deodorising and/or odoriferous agents.
Control of the moisture content of the resulting solid fuel, which is important in determining the burning 10 characteristics of the fuel, is easily exercised, for example by regulating the extrusion or compacting rate.
Claims
1. A method of making synthetic fuel in which paper fragments are mixed with animal manure and/or sewage _; sludge and subsequently compacted and dried to form solid blocks or pellets of combustible material.
2. A method of making synthetic fuel in which paper fragments which have been used as animal bedding and which are impregnated with animal manure are collected, mixed, compacted and dried to form solid blocks or pellets of combustible material.
3. A method according to Claim 1 , in which the mixture of paper fragments and sewage sludge is subjected to an anaerobic decomposition before being compacted.
4. A method according to Claim 3, in which the anaerobic decomposition is followed by an aerobic composting stage, to exhaust bacterial and chemical activity before the compacting stage.
5. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the compaction of the impregnated paper fragments is effected in a die or press which imparts fractional heat to the material to dry it.
6. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the material is compacted in an extrusion press, the feed to which mixes the material.
7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which, prior to the compaction, additives are
..introduced into the collected material, including any of the following: charcoal; colouring agents; odoriferous agents and deodorising agents.
8. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the compacted material is pressed in moulds to form shaped blocks or logs.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the paper fragments comprise diced or shredded paper.
10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least some of the paper fragments comprise paper shreds or pieces which have been used as animal bedding material and which are impregnated with animal manure.
11. A synthetic fuel in block or pellet form comprising compressed and dried paper fragments, or other cellulose fibres impregnated with animal manure-or composted or uncomposted sewage sludge and bound together.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8213352 | 1982-05-08 | ||
GB8213352 | 1982-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1983004048A1 true WO1983004048A1 (en) | 1983-11-24 |
Family
ID=10530236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1983/000134 WO1983004048A1 (en) | 1982-05-08 | 1983-05-09 | Production of synthetic solid fuel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO1983004048A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0985723A3 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-11-14 | Manfred Pfeifer | Solid fuel |
US20170081251A1 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2017-03-23 | Shelly Ann Townsend | System And Method For Reprocessing Animal Bedding |
US10995041B2 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2021-05-04 | Equine Eco Green, Llc | System and method for reprocessing animal bedding |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB487837A (en) * | 1936-12-22 | 1938-06-22 | Luigi Boggiano Pico | Improvements in or relating to a process for the fermentation of organic matter |
US2475767A (en) * | 1946-04-30 | 1949-07-12 | Williams Bauer Corp | Method of making artificial fuel from paper |
FR2262104A1 (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-09-19 | Cwp Of California Inc | Manure-based fuel products - contg. ground dry manure and a wax binder |
FR2346437A1 (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-10-28 | Refuse Derived Fuels Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT FROM WASTE, AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
FR2399477A1 (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-03-02 | Dynecology Inc | BRIQUETTE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS EFFLUENT RICH IN HYDROGEN AND CARBON OXIDE |
GB2057844A (en) * | 1979-08-08 | 1981-04-08 | Stanbury J H | Litter or bedding for animals |
DE3013120A1 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-08 | Schöntube, Arthur, 7215 Bösingen | Solid fuel material - from waste-paper shredded and dissolved to obtain fibres for compression into logs |
EP0058128A2 (en) * | 1981-02-05 | 1982-08-18 | Arbed S.A. | Process for the manufacture of combustibles from products obtained at the end of composting plants |
GB2104097A (en) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-03-02 | John Henry Stanbury | Fuel from spent chicken litter, paper, and wood |
-
1983
- 1983-05-09 WO PCT/GB1983/000134 patent/WO1983004048A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB487837A (en) * | 1936-12-22 | 1938-06-22 | Luigi Boggiano Pico | Improvements in or relating to a process for the fermentation of organic matter |
US2475767A (en) * | 1946-04-30 | 1949-07-12 | Williams Bauer Corp | Method of making artificial fuel from paper |
FR2262104A1 (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-09-19 | Cwp Of California Inc | Manure-based fuel products - contg. ground dry manure and a wax binder |
FR2346437A1 (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-10-28 | Refuse Derived Fuels Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT FROM WASTE, AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
FR2399477A1 (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-03-02 | Dynecology Inc | BRIQUETTE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS EFFLUENT RICH IN HYDROGEN AND CARBON OXIDE |
GB2057844A (en) * | 1979-08-08 | 1981-04-08 | Stanbury J H | Litter or bedding for animals |
DE3013120A1 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-08 | Schöntube, Arthur, 7215 Bösingen | Solid fuel material - from waste-paper shredded and dissolved to obtain fibres for compression into logs |
EP0058128A2 (en) * | 1981-02-05 | 1982-08-18 | Arbed S.A. | Process for the manufacture of combustibles from products obtained at the end of composting plants |
GB2104097A (en) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-03-02 | John Henry Stanbury | Fuel from spent chicken litter, paper, and wood |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0985723A3 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-11-14 | Manfred Pfeifer | Solid fuel |
US20170081251A1 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2017-03-23 | Shelly Ann Townsend | System And Method For Reprocessing Animal Bedding |
US10626059B2 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2020-04-21 | Equine Eco Green, Llc | System and method for reprocessing animal bedding |
US10995041B2 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2021-05-04 | Equine Eco Green, Llc | System and method for reprocessing animal bedding |
US11472751B2 (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2022-10-18 | Equine Eco Green, Llc | System and method for reprocessing animal bedding |
US11649193B2 (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2023-05-16 | Equine Eco Green, Llc | System and method for reprocessing animal bedding |
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