WO1987002692A1 - Additives for controlling or modifying rheological properties - Google Patents

Additives for controlling or modifying rheological properties Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987002692A1
WO1987002692A1 PCT/GB1986/000662 GB8600662W WO8702692A1 WO 1987002692 A1 WO1987002692 A1 WO 1987002692A1 GB 8600662 W GB8600662 W GB 8600662W WO 8702692 A1 WO8702692 A1 WO 8702692A1
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Prior art keywords
amine
composition according
polymer
salt
composition
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Application number
PCT/GB1986/000662
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French (fr)
Inventor
John William Chapman
Original Assignee
Perchem Limited
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Publication of WO1987002692A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987002692A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/035—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/43—Thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to materials for use as additives for control ling ' or modifying rheological properties of systems such as dril ling muds, paints and many other liquid or semi-liquid compositions.
  • organoclays that is to say clays of the Bentonite type which have been reacted with a quaternary ammonium compound, especially such a compound containing long chain carbon radicals.
  • organoclays are useful in practice but suffer from a number of disadvantages, including cost and availability of raw materials, the often limited applicability of specific organoclays for specific systems, and undesirable variation of the thixotropic properties of the system in use.
  • yield point and “gel strength” are particularly significant respectively in relation to the shear thinning property and the ability of the liquid to support the solid constituents of the system in suspension.
  • gel strength change in use from initial values which apply to the system as initial ly prepared to aged vafues which apply to the system after a period of use.
  • the initial values need to be sufficiently high to maintain solids in suspension, but since ageing normally increases these values it should be not so high initial ly as to make the system excessively viscous when aged.
  • organoclays using different quaternary ammonium compounds have met with some success, but at the cost of requiring expensive starting materials which are not always readily available in commercial quantities.
  • organoclays have also been proposed, most notably organic polymers of different kinds, but such materials also tend to be expensive to produce and are more likely to be unstable at higher temperatures so that their thixotropic properties may be impaired or destroyed when the system is in use.
  • the present invention relates to a particular species of organic polymer which is advantageously capable of use especially in oil-based drilling muds and other substantially non-polar systems.
  • a substantially non-polar liquid or semi- liquid composition incorporates, as an additive to increase its viscosity, an amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
  • the invention also resides in an additive for addition to a substantially non-polar liquid or semi-liquid composition, the additive comprising a gel formed from a substantially non-polar solvent containing an amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
  • Such amine salts have an ionic character in substantially non-polar solvents, it is known that ion-containing polymers interact by a primarily physical mechanism which causes cross-linking of the polymer chains as a result of the formation of clusters of ion-pairs into domains. This may be contrasted with other polymeric materials proposed for use as viscosifiers, which can be divided into one group in which the polymer chains are cross- linked by covalent chemical iinkages and another group in which high molecular weight polymers interact weakly.
  • ion-containing polymers previously proposed for use as viscosifiers for example sulphonated polymers, have various disadvantages which are avoided by the present invention, including difficulties in availability of starting materials, in manufacturing processes, toxicity and so on.
  • the amine salts used in accordance with the invention are preferably derived from a highly carboxylated polymer having an average molecular weight in excess of 1000, and more preferably in excess of 10,000.
  • the polymer is preferably such that carboxyl groups or precursors of carboxyl groups are present on at least 25%, more preferably at least 50%, of the carbon atoms in the polymeric chain.
  • the polymer may be derived from a polybasic acid monomer, particularly a dibasic acid, alone or in combination with an alkylene monomer, and preferably in the form of its anhydride.
  • a particularly preferred polymer is a co-polymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, although other similar co-polymers may be employed.
  • the partial ester is preferably formed by means of a long chain alcohol, or a mixture of long chain alcohols, i.e. with carbon chains of at least 8, and preferably 13 to 25 carbon atoms.
  • the ⁇ mine used for the preparation of the amine salt of the partially esterified polymer may be a primary or secondary amine, or a substituted amine, preferably a long chain amine, i.e. with carbon chains of at least 8, and preferably 13 to 25 carbon atoms, although in some cases a short chain amine may be employed.
  • Particularly preferred amines include amines derived from tallow, including tallow amine and hydrogenated-tallow amines, such as methyl di-hydrogenated-tallow amine and the like.
  • amine salts used in accordance with the invention are set out in table I , where the polymer, alcohol and amine used in each example are identified.
  • a quantity of the polymer was introduced into a reaction vessel with an appropriate quantity of the selected alcohol and zinc acetate as a catalyst.
  • the reactants were dissolved in toluene and the reaction was conducted under reflux in a Dean & Stark apparatus, the water formed in the reaction being distilled from the reactants.
  • the reaction proceeds in two stages; firstly a rapid reaction involving the opening of the anhydridge rings to form the half ester and secondly a slower reaction involving esterification of some of the carboxyl groups of the half ester.
  • substantial ly al l of the alcohol had been combined with the polymer, there was present in the reaction vessel a viscous solution of the partial ester.
  • the viscous solution was taken up in the minimum amount of isopropanol solvent and was then treated with a solution of the stated amine in isopropanol to form an amine salt with the unreacted carboxyl groups of the partial ester.
  • the amine was added in a step-wise manner whilst the contents of the reaction vessel were stirred. Addition of the amine was continued until no further reaction was evident. There resulted a white, gelatinous mass which was separated from the solvent and washed with cold isopropanol solvent, filtered and dried in an oven at 0 C. The resulting solid was mil led in a centrifugal mill to give an amine salt in the form of a white powder.
  • the amine salt was dispersed by stirring in a variety of relatively non- polar solvents, including white spirit, xylene, a commercially available diesel oil drilling mud system and a commercially available low toxicity oil dril ling mud system.
  • the viscosity of each dispersion was measured at intervals after stirring in the case of the white spirit and xylene systems, and in the case of the drilling mud systems before and after ageing at 250 F for 16 hours.
  • Some il lustrative results are set out in Tables 2,3 and .
  • the viscosity of the gels prepared by dispersing the amine salts in white spirit and in xylene was measured at 10, 20, 50 and 100 rpm on a Brookf ⁇ eld viscometer.
  • Table 3 a further comparison of salts in accordance with the present invention with a known organoclay is made.
  • the results set out in Table 3 0 were obtained with dispersions of the salts and of the organoclay in a commercially available diesel-oil invert mud system with a continuous oil phase with approximately 20% water content in dispersion.
  • Table shows similar results obtained with dispersions of the amine salts and of the known organoclays in a further invert drilling mud system comprising a 5 commercially available low-toxicity oil which is a mixture consisting mainly of alkanes and cycio-alkanes and substantially free of aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the amine salts were found to be useful in such a drilling mud for achieving suitable viscosity and imparting anti-settling properties to the, mud.
  • the ⁇ mine salts are expected also to be useful as viscosifiers in other liquid or some liquid compositions including coating compositions, lacquer removers, lubricating greases, packer fluids used in wells and in binders for foundry sands. Tests have been carried out with satisfactory results for example in a chlorinated rubber paint. Using the salt of Example 6 in such a paint provided improved sag resistance as compared with a control sample.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

An amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer is used in a substantially non-polar solvent as a viscosifier for liquid or semi-liquid compositions such as drilling muds, coating compositions etc. A preferred polymer is a co-polymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene and the ester is preferably formed from a long chain alcohol, the amine salt preferably being formed from a long chain amine.

Description

Title:- "Additives for control ling or modifying rheologicαl properties"
Description of Invention
This invention relates to materials for use as additives for control ling' or modifying rheological properties of systems such as dril ling muds, paints and many other liquid or semi-liquid compositions.
One commonly used type of such additive comprises organoclays, that is to say clays of the Bentonite type which have been reacted with a quaternary ammonium compound, especially such a compound containing long chain carbon radicals. Such organoclays are useful in practice but suffer from a number of disadvantages, including cost and availability of raw materials, the often limited applicability of specific organoclays for specific systems, and undesirable variation of the thixotropic properties of the system in use.
For example, the parameters known as "yield point" and "gel strength" are particularly significant respectively in relation to the shear thinning property and the ability of the liquid to support the solid constituents of the system in suspension. It is well known that in organoclay-containing dril ling mud systems the values of the yield point and gel strength change in use from initial values which apply to the system as initial ly prepared to aged vafues which apply to the system after a period of use. The initial values need to be sufficiently high to maintain solids in suspension, but since ageing normally increases these values it should be not so high initial ly as to make the system excessively viscous when aged.
Attempts to provide new organoclays using different quaternary ammonium compounds have met with some success, but at the cost of requiring expensive starting materials which are not always readily available in commercial quantities. Various alternatives to organoclays have also been proposed, most notably organic polymers of different kinds, but such materials also tend to be expensive to produce and are more likely to be unstable at higher temperatures so that their thixotropic properties may be impaired or destroyed when the system is in use. The present invention relates to a particular species of organic polymer which is advantageously capable of use especially in oil-based drilling muds and other substantially non-polar systems.
According to the invention a substantially non-polar liquid or semi- liquid composition incorporates, as an additive to increase its viscosity, an amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
The invention also resides in an additive for addition to a substantially non-polar liquid or semi-liquid composition, the additive comprising a gel formed from a substantially non-polar solvent containing an amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
Such amine salts have an ionic character in substantially non-polar solvents, it is known that ion-containing polymers interact by a primarily physical mechanism which causes cross-linking of the polymer chains as a result of the formation of clusters of ion-pairs into domains. This may be contrasted with other polymeric materials proposed for use as viscosifiers, which can be divided into one group in which the polymer chains are cross- linked by covalent chemical iinkages and another group in which high molecular weight polymers interact weakly.
Other ion-containing polymers previously proposed for use as viscosifiers, for example sulphonated polymers, have various disadvantages which are avoided by the present invention, including difficulties in availability of starting materials, in manufacturing processes, toxicity and so on.
The amine salts used in accordance with the invention are preferably derived from a highly carboxylated polymer having an average molecular weight in excess of 1000, and more preferably in excess of 10,000. The polymer is preferably such that carboxyl groups or precursors of carboxyl groups are present on at least 25%, more preferably at least 50%, of the carbon atoms in the polymeric chain. The polymer may be derived from a polybasic acid monomer, particularly a dibasic acid, alone or in combination with an alkylene monomer, and preferably in the form of its anhydride. A particularly preferred polymer is a co-polymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, although other similar co-polymers may be employed.
The partial ester is preferably formed by means of a long chain alcohol, or a mixture of long chain alcohols, i.e. with carbon chains of at least 8, and preferably 13 to 25 carbon atoms. The αmine used for the preparation of the amine salt of the partially esterified polymer may be a primary or secondary amine, or a substituted amine, preferably a long chain amine, i.e. with carbon chains of at least 8, and preferably 13 to 25 carbon atoms, although in some cases a short chain amine may be employed. Particularly preferred amines include amines derived from tallow, including tallow amine and hydrogenated-tallow amines, such as methyl di-hydrogenated-tallow amine and the like.
Examples of amine salts used in accordance with the invention are set out in table I , where the polymer, alcohol and amine used in each example are identified.
In each example, a quantity of the polymer was introduced into a reaction vessel with an appropriate quantity of the selected alcohol and zinc acetate as a catalyst. The reactants were dissolved in toluene and the reaction was conducted under reflux in a Dean & Stark apparatus, the water formed in the reaction being distilled from the reactants. The reaction proceeds in two stages; firstly a rapid reaction involving the opening of the anhydridge rings to form the half ester and secondly a slower reaction involving esterification of some of the carboxyl groups of the half ester. When substantial ly al l of the alcohol had been combined with the polymer, there was present in the reaction vessel a viscous solution of the partial ester. As soon as possible after completion of the reaction, the viscous solution was taken up in the minimum amount of isopropanol solvent and was then treated with a solution of the stated amine in isopropanol to form an amine salt with the unreacted carboxyl groups of the partial ester. The amine was added in a step-wise manner whilst the contents of the reaction vessel were stirred. Addition of the amine was continued until no further reaction was evident. There resulted a white, gelatinous mass which was separated from the solvent and washed with cold isopropanol solvent, filtered and dried in an oven at 0 C. The resulting solid was mil led in a centrifugal mill to give an amine salt in the form of a white powder.
The amine salt was dispersed by stirring in a variety of relatively non- polar solvents, including white spirit, xylene, a commercially available diesel oil drilling mud system and a commercially available low toxicity oil dril ling mud system. The viscosity of each dispersion was measured at intervals after stirring in the case of the white spirit and xylene systems, and in the case of the drilling mud systems before and after ageing at 250 F for 16 hours. Some il lustrative results are set out in Tables 2,3 and . The viscosity of the gels prepared by dispersing the amine salts in white spirit and in xylene was measured at 10, 20, 50 and 100 rpm on a Brookfϊeld viscometer. The same measurements were also carried out for comparison purposes on a gel formed by dispersing in white spirit two commercially available organoclays, namely the reaction product of bentonite clays and a long chain quarternary ammonium compound. The results of these measurements are represented in Table 2. It will be noted that the behaviour of the two gels of salts in white spirit as represented in Table 2 is similar to the behaviour of the two gels formed with conventional organoclays, as will
, Q also be evident from Figure I which illustrates graphically the results of
Examples 5, 7 and A.
The results given in Table 2 show that the tallow amine salts of maleic anhydride-isobutylene co-polmer partial esters exhibit shear-thinning rhe¬ ology in non-polar solvents such as white spirit. However, tests in more polar
12 systems such as xylene gave clear viscous solutions with near-Newtonian rheology, showing the specific adaption of such salts for use in systems having minimum polar nature.
In Table 3, a further comparison of salts in accordance with the present invention with a known organoclay is made. The results set out in Table 3 0 were obtained with dispersions of the salts and of the organoclay in a commercially available diesel-oil invert mud system with a continuous oil phase with approximately 20% water content in dispersion. Table shows similar results obtained with dispersions of the amine salts and of the known organoclays in a further invert drilling mud system comprising a 5 commercially available low-toxicity oil which is a mixture consisting mainly of alkanes and cycio-alkanes and substantially free of aromatic hydrocarbons.
In the case of these drilling muds a clear distinction was observed in the performance of the gellants in the rather more polar diesel oil and the less polar clean oil systems. In the diesel oil system (Table 3) an initial rheology 0 generally developed, but the gel strength was lost after ageing at 250 F.
This has been attributed to the complete dissolution of the polymer in the diesel oil.
In the clean oil system (Table 4), which is based on a highly non-polar mineral oil the observed initial rheology was found to increase on ageing at 5 250 F to give a high yield point and gel strength at gellant concentrations below 5 ppb. Accordingly, the amine salts were found to be useful in such a drilling mud for achieving suitable viscosity and imparting anti-settling properties to the, mud. The αmine salts are expected also to be useful as viscosifiers in other liquid or some liquid compositions including coating compositions, lacquer removers, lubricating greases, packer fluids used in wells and in binders for foundry sands. Tests have been carried out with satisfactory results for example in a chlorinated rubber paint. Using the salt of Example 6 in such a paint provided improved sag resistance as compared with a control sample.
The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the following claims, or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method of process for attaining the disclosed result, or a class or group of substances or compositions, as appropriate, may separately or in any combination of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
TABLE
AMINE SALTS OF PARTIALLY ESTERIFIED POLYMERIC ACIDS
Figure imgf000008_0001
( I ) in partial ester, as percentage maximum carboxyl groups available in half- ester in the first stage of the reaction involving the opening of the anhydride rings, and based on moles of H-,0 produced during esterification.
(2) a commercial grade of maleic anhydride/isobutylene co-polymer having a molecular weight of 5.5 - 6.0 x 10 from Revertex Limited,
(3) a commercial grade of maleic anhydride/isobutylene co-polymer having a molecular weight of 1 6 - 17 x 10 from Revertex Limited,
(4) a commercial grade of straight chain C . - C ( 3 alcohol from Shel l Chemicals.
(5) a commercial grade of tallow amine from Akzo Limited, (6) a commercial grade of methyl di-hydrogenated-tallow amine from Akzo Limited
(7) a commercial grade of purified tal low amine from Akzo Limited
(8) a commercial grade of di-hydrogentated-tal tow amine from Akzo Limited. TABLE 2
AMINE SALTS IN NON-POLAR SOLVENTS
Figure imgf000009_0001
( 1 ) a conventional Montmorillonite-based wet process organoclay of high purity.
(2) a conventional Hectorite-based wet process organoclay.
(3) Standard 2.0% gel with polar additive in a Waring blender.
TABLE 3
AMINE SALTS IN DIESEL OIL SYSTEM ( I )
Ex. Gel lαnt ppb Fann Rheology at 1 15°F No. gel lant
Initial Aqed
PV YP Gels<2> PV YP Ge.s(2)
10 Salt of Ex.1 10 74 40 34/50 55 31 2/3
I I Salt of Ex.2 5 22 7 3/ 13 32 8 4/5
12 Salt of Ex.2 10 33 13 6/ 12 36 2 2/2
13 Salt of Ex. 2 20 100 70 93/ 126 __ —
14 Salt of Ex. 4 4 23 5 2/3 23 2 2/2
C Organoclay C 8 29 23 14/ 17 33 23 15/22
( 1 ) Mud weight = I 2ppg; oil/water ratio=85/25; water activity AW=0.75.
(2) Gel strength I b/ 100ft.2 after 10 Sec/ 10 min
(3) a conventional Montmorillonite-based dry process organoclay specifically for use in drilling mud systems.
TABLE 4 AMINE SALTS IN LOW TOXICITY OIL SYSTEM (1)
Ex. Gel lαnt ppb Fann Rheology 'at 115 °F No. gellant
Initial Aqed
PV YP Gels(2) PV YP Gels(2)
15 Salt of Ex.1 I03) 32 4 4/11 73 166 55/85
16 Salt of Ex.3 5 14 1 2/2 60 73 19/57
17 Salt of Ex.3 4 12 0 2/2 41 27 5/11
18 Salt of bx.4 5 41 24 3/14 74 103 25/57
19 Salt of Ex.4 4 28 4 2/4 66 80 22/47
20 Salt of Ex.5 4 35 II 8/14 47 36 10/28
(4)
D Organoclay D 10 36 14 10/18 51 51 31/62
E Organoclay E 10 22 1 2/2 40 18 10/23
(1) Mud weight 12 ppg; oil water ratio=80/20; water activity AW=0.75.
(2) Gel strength lb/ 100 ft" after 10 Sec/ 10 min.
(3) No fluid loss additive.
(4) a conventional Hectorite-based wet process organoclay.
(5) a conventional Montmorillonite-based dry process clay specifically for use in drilling muds.

Claims

CLAIMS:-
1 . A substantial ly non-polar liquid or semi-liquid composition incor¬ porating, as an additive to increase its viscosity, and amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
2. A composition according to Claim I wherein the amine salt is derived from a highly carboxylated polymer having an average molecular weight in excess of 1000.
3. A composition according to Claim 2 wherein the average molecular weight of the polymer is in excess of 10,000.
4. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the amine salt is derived from a polymer in which carboxyl groups or precursors of carboxyl groups are present on at least 25% of the carbon atoms in the polymeric chain.
5. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein carboxylic groups or precursors of carboxyl groups are present on at least 50% of the carbon atoms of the polymeric chain.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the polymer is derivative of a poiybasic acid monomer.
7. A composition according to Claim 6 wherein the acid monomer is a dibasic acid.
8. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the polymer is a co-polymer of a carboxylic acid or anhydride and an alkyiene.
9. A composition according to Claim 8 wherein the polymer is a co- polymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene.
1 0. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the partial ester of a polymer is formed from an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols having a carbon chain length of at least 8.
1 1. A composition according to Claim 10 wherein the alcohol has a chain length between 13 and 25 carbon atoms.
1 2. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the amine from which the amine salt is derived is a primary or secondary amine, or a substituted amine.
13. A composition according to Claim 12 wherein the amine has at least one carbon chain of at least 8 atoms.
1 4. A composition according to Claim 1 2 wherein the amine has at least one carbon chain of a length of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms.
1 5. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the amine from which the amine salt is derived is a tallow amine.
16. A composition according to Claim i 5 wherein said tallow amine is an hydrogenated tallow amine.
1 7. A composition according to Claim 1 6 wherein said tal low amine is di- hydrogenated-tallow amine.
18. A composition according to Claim 1 6 wherein said amine is methyl di- hydrogenated tallow amine.
1 . An additive for addition to a substantially non-polar liquid or semi- liquid composition for the purpose of increasing the viscosity of said composition, the additive comprising a gel formed from a substantial ly non- polar solvent containing a dispersion of an amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
20. A method of increasing the viscosity of a substantially non-polar liquid or semi-liquid composition comprising the step of incorporating in said composition a dispersion of an amine salt of a partially esterified highly carboxylated polymer.
21. An αmine salt of a partially esterifϊed highly carboxylated polymer substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as described in any one of Examples I to 6 herein.
22. An additive as claimed in Claim 19 and substantially as hereinbefore described in Examples 7 and 9 herein.
23. A composition according to Claim i and substantially as hereinbefore described in any one of Examples 15 to 20 herein.
PCT/GB1986/000662 1985-10-26 1986-10-27 Additives for controlling or modifying rheological properties WO1987002692A1 (en)

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GB858526454A GB8526454D0 (en) 1985-10-26 1985-10-26 Organic salt
GB8526454 1985-10-26

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0561608A2 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-09-22 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing esters of carboxy-containing interpolymers and methods of using the same
EP0561601A2 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-09-22 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing derivatives of succinic acylating agent or hydroxyaromatic compounds and methods of using the same
AU654902B2 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-11-24 Lubrizol Corporation, The Compositions containing esters of carboxy-containing interpolymers and methods of using the same
US5888944A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-03-30 Mi L.L.C. Oil-based drilling fluid
US5905061A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-05-18 Patel; Avind D. Invert emulsion fluids suitable for drilling
US5909779A (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-06-08 M-I L.L.C. Oil-based drilling fluids suitable for drilling in the presence of acidic gases
US6218342B1 (en) 1996-08-02 2001-04-17 M-I Llc Oil-based drilling fluid
US6589917B2 (en) 1996-08-02 2003-07-08 M-I Llc Invert emulsion drilling fluids and muds having negative alkalinity and elastomer compatibility
US6828279B2 (en) 2001-08-10 2004-12-07 M-I Llc Biodegradable surfactant for invert emulsion drilling fluid
US7919437B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2011-04-05 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Wellbore fluid comprising sulfonated copolymers with pendant alkyl groups

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2217926A (en) * 1936-09-05 1940-10-15 Shell Dev Nonaqueous drilling fluid
US4505833A (en) * 1983-10-03 1985-03-19 Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company Stabilizing clayey formations

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2217926A (en) * 1936-09-05 1940-10-15 Shell Dev Nonaqueous drilling fluid
US4505833A (en) * 1983-10-03 1985-03-19 Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company Stabilizing clayey formations

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0561608A2 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-09-22 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing esters of carboxy-containing interpolymers and methods of using the same
EP0561601A2 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-09-22 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing derivatives of succinic acylating agent or hydroxyaromatic compounds and methods of using the same
EP0561608A3 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-10-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing esters of carboxy-containing interpolymers and methods of using the same
EP0561601A3 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-10-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing derivatives of succinic acylating agent or hydroxyaromatic compounds and methods of using the same
AU654902B2 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-11-24 Lubrizol Corporation, The Compositions containing esters of carboxy-containing interpolymers and methods of using the same
US5977031A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-11-02 M-I L.L.C. Ester based invert emulsion drilling fluids and muds having negative alkalinity
US5905061A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-05-18 Patel; Avind D. Invert emulsion fluids suitable for drilling
US5888944A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-03-30 Mi L.L.C. Oil-based drilling fluid
US5985800A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-11-16 M-I L.L.C. Invert emulsion fluids suitable for drilling
US6218342B1 (en) 1996-08-02 2001-04-17 M-I Llc Oil-based drilling fluid
US6589917B2 (en) 1996-08-02 2003-07-08 M-I Llc Invert emulsion drilling fluids and muds having negative alkalinity and elastomer compatibility
US6790811B2 (en) 1996-08-02 2004-09-14 M-I Llc Oil based drilling fluid
US5909779A (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-06-08 M-I L.L.C. Oil-based drilling fluids suitable for drilling in the presence of acidic gases
US6828279B2 (en) 2001-08-10 2004-12-07 M-I Llc Biodegradable surfactant for invert emulsion drilling fluid
US7919437B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2011-04-05 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Wellbore fluid comprising sulfonated copolymers with pendant alkyl groups
US7943554B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2011-05-17 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Wellbore fluid comprising at least one polymer containing pendant alkyl groups

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