WO1989008475A1

WO1989008475A1 - Portable light unit for stimulating neuroendocrine system

Info

Publication number: WO1989008475A1
Application number: PCT/US1989/000934
Authority: WO
Inventors: George C. Brainard
Original assignee: Brainard George C
Priority date: 1988-03-08
Filing date: 1989-03-08
Publication date: 1989-09-21
Also published as: JP2513876B2; JPH03501936A; EP0386161A4; EP0386161A1; CA1327231C; CA1339384E

Abstract

Light weight phototherapeutic devices are provided that emit an illuminance of at least 200 lux on the eyes of a wearer. The device is portable and can be used in the phototherapy of depressed patients, shift-workers and those affected by jet-lag and seasonal affective disorders.

Description

-I-

PORTABLE LIGHT UNIT FOR STIMULATING NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to apparatus and treatments for phototherapy and in particular to more convenient treatments for affecting the neuroendocrine system, circadian rhythms and circannual rhythms in humans.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS The biological effects of light are increasingly being recognized as playing an important role in modern healthcare. Phototherapy, the use of light as a treatment, has been successfully used to treat a number of diseases including psoriasis and rickets. More recently, scientists have discovered that sunlight plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian and circannual rhythms in humans. Accordingly, increased attention is being paid to the use of phototherapy in diseases influenced by daily and seasonal rhythms. Phototherapy has been demonstrated to have significant effects in the treatments of several diseases of particular interest to psychiatrists, including affective illness and chronolbiological disorders. It has also been used with some success in the treatment of psychiatric disorders which have a "seasonal component", for example, seasonal affective disorder "S.A.D". Light has been shown to have a number of psychological effects on the human central nervous system which may be separate from its visual effects. Very bright light, i.e. above about 2000 lux, is capable of suppressing the production and release of the pineal hormone and can set the internal "clock", within a certain range, for circadian rhythms. Reference is herein made to F.M. Jacobsen et al., "Seasonal Affective Disorder and the Use of Light as an Antidepressant" , Directions in Psychiatry. Vol 6, 1986, which is herein incorporated by reference.

One currently prescribed treatment for phototherapy is to have patients sit approximately three feet from a light box which typically has dimensions of about 2* by 4* . These light boxes are generally awkward and cumbersome to use. Furthermore, the patients are required to sit in one spot for approximately one to five hours, depending on their specific therapy. This has been found to be restrictive and limiting. Additionally, these devices are difficult to transport due to their size and weight and generally require an external power source.

Accordingly, a need exists for a mobile phototherapy treatment which would not require patient inactivity. In addition, a need exists for a phototherapeutic device which is lightweight and self- contained.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the teachings of this invention, an improved phototherapeutic device and phototherapy method are provided. The invention is designed to stimulate the neuroendocrine and circadian systems circannual of the patient with a very bright light of at least 200 lux. This light is portably mounted to a portion of the patient's body, preferably the head, and is directed towards the patient's eyes. The light preferably uses a full white light spectrum and is supplied with power by a battery which is preferably rechargeable. The invention also may chose to deflect heat generated from the light away from the person wearing the unit. It is envisioned that the light can be equipped with a dimmer switch or rheostat so that the user may reduce the intensity of the bulbs. In addition, the device can be equipped with filters, such as dichroic filters, neutral density filters and those filters designed to block or screen designated radiation, such as infrared or ultraviolet light. Such filters can be interposed between the lamp of the light and the user's eyes.

Accordingly, a phototherapeutic device and method are provided which permit uninterrupted patient activity during treatment. The device can be used for the treatment of depression, such as SAD, or used by healthy people involved in shift work to overcome resistance by their internal clocks.

Shift work challenges the normal biological rhythms of human beings. People who change work shifts often report psychological discomfort and negative health consequences. Accidents and health related absenteeism are often higher among shift-workers due to the stress in changing schedules. The use of the phototherapeutic device of this invention may prove beneficial in resetting the person's biological clock when he or she changes shifts. Currently, an estimated 20-25% of the work force in the United States is involved in some form of shift work.

Finally, the phototherapeutic device of this invention may be useful for people who travel by plane over multiple time zones. Such travelers experience a malady known as "jet-lag" which can debilitate the traveler for one to four days after the flight. As with shift workers, the device of this invention might be used for a more rapid, effective resetting of the internal biological clock, allowing prevention or quicker recovery from jet lag.

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a portable, head-mounted phototherapeutic device for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

It is another object of this invention to provide a self-containing phototherapeutic device for delivering bright light to the users eye's for stimulating the circadian and neuroendocrine system of the user. It is still another object of this invention to provide an improved method of phototherapy for treating both psychiatric disorders and negative health consequences associated with shift work or jet lag. With these and other objects in view, this invention resides in the novel construction, combination, arrangement of parts and methods substantially as hereinafter described and more particularly defined by the attached claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate a complete embodiment of the invention according to the best mode so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof and in which: FIG. 1 : is a perspective illustration of a preferred portable phototherapeutic device of this invention, equipped with a side-mounted battery pack, dimmer switch, light source and heat deflector;

FIG. 2 : is perspective illustration of another preferred, portable, phototherapeutic embodiment having a top-mounted battery pack and front-mounted light source;

FIG. 3 : is a perspective view of another photo- therapeutic embodiment of this invention including a front mounted light source and filter; and FIG. 4 : is a transverse view of another phototherapeutic embodiment of this invention which includes a front mounted light source and remote battery pack for providing a lighter weight construction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to the figures and particularly to

FIG. 1, there is shown a portable phototherapeutic device 10 having a heat deflector .16. and head mounting device 5.. The device .3-0 s provided with a light source .12. and battery pack JL4.. It becomes readily apparent that this device 10. overcomes the problems of excessive size and weight and limited mobility by being light weight, self- contained and head-mounted. The device 10 can also be fitted with a rheostat Ig. for permitting a patient to adjust the intensity of the light source 12.

An alternative embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 2 which describes a phototherapeutic device 0. having a light source mounted on an extension of the head mounting means 5.. In this fashion, the light source 22. can be more appropriately focused on the eyes of the user. The battery pack 24. of this embodiment 2J) is located along the top portion of the head mounting means j. In FIG. 3, a phototherapeutic device 3_p_ having a radiation shield _^36. is described. The light source 3_2., of this embodiment is attached to the head mounting means 5. Disposed between the eyes of the user and the light source 32 is a filter designed to block or screen designated radiation, such as infrared or ultraviolet light. The filter 3; could also be a dichroic or neutral density filter.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a light-weight phototherapeutic device 43 is illustrated having a remote battery back 4 . The light source 4_2. is disposed on a mounting means 4J3., which can generally assume the shape of a sun visor. The device £0 is equipped with a member 4j5 which can correspond to a radiation filter and/or a heat deflection shield. In accordance with this particular embodiment, a strap 48. can be provided for adjustment to various head sizes.

The light sources JL2, £2., 32 or 42 preferably comprises an incandescent lamp, preferably a quartz halogen lamp. The intensity of the illuminance produced by these lamps 1J2, _2, 3Z, and £2. should be at least 200 lux, although more preferable ranges include from about 200 lux to about 10,000 lux, from about 1000 lux to about 3000 lux, from about 1500 lux to about 2700 lux, and most preferably from about 2000 lux to about 2500 lux. The latter range has been recognized as acceptable. For instance, studies of phototherapy with S.A.D. patients have concluded that bright light (2500 lux) is significantly more effective as an antidepressant than the intensity of light ordinarily found in a home or office (100-300 lux) . See F.M. Jacobsen, "Seasonal Affective Disorder and the Use of Light as an Anti-Depressant", Directions in Psychiatry. Vol. 6, 1986 which is hereby incorporated by reference.

One acceptable treatment for the symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder could be to expose patients to the bright artificial light produced by the phototherapeudic devices of this invention for a period of 5 to 6 hours per day. It is understood that the anti- depressant effects could appear within 2 to 6 days after the commencement of"treatment, and a relapse often could occur 2-4 days after light treatment is discontinued.

In the treatment of manic-depressive patients, an exposure to 500 lux has been known to cause a 50% suppression of melatonin levels, but produced no effect in the controls. A.J. Lewy, et al_r "Manic-depressive Patients May Be Supersensitive to Light", the Lancet. p. 384, February 14, 1981. It has also been demonstrated that when manic-depressants were exposed to a light intensity of 1500 lux, almost complete suppression of melatonin secretion was noted, resulting in levels of approaching those observed during daytime in two healthy subjects. Accordingly, the use of the devices of this invention could be used to suppress human melatonin secretion in manic-depressants and alter the environmental light-cycle which generates their circadian rhythm.

From the foregoing, it has been demonstrated that this invention provides portable, light-weight phototherapeutic devices for stimulating a patient's circadian system and associated neuroendocrine parameters. Although various embodiments have been illustrated, this was for the purpose of describing, but not limiting the invention. Various modifications, which will become apparent to one skilled in the art, are within the scope of this invention described in the attached claims.

Claims

We claim:

1. A phototherapeutic device for treating a patient comprising:

(a) a light source for producing an illuminance of at least 200 lux on the eyes of said patient; and

(b) mounting means for affixing said light source to a portion of the patient's body.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein said mounting means comprises means for attaching said light source to a patient's head.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein said light source comprises means for producing an illuminance of at least about 200 lux to about 10,000 lux.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein said light source comprises means for producing an illuminance of about 1000 lux to about 3000 lux.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein said light source comprises means for producing an illuminance of about 1500 lux to about 2700 lux.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein light source comprises means for producing an illuminance of about 2000 lux to about 2500 lux.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein said light source comprises means for producing light having a broad- spectrum white light component.

8. The device of claim 4 wherein said light source comprises means for producing green light.

9. The device of claim 1 wherein said light source comprises means for producing blue-green light.

10. The device of claim 7 further comprising heat deflector means for deflecting a portion of the heat from said light source away from the head of said patient.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein said heat deflection means comprises a reflector.

12. The device of claim 10 wherein said heat deflection means comprises a dichroic filter.

13. The device of claim 7 further comprises an ultraviolet filter.

14. The device of claim 7 further comprising a neutral density filter disposed between said light source and said eyes of said patient.

15. A method of phototherapy comprising:

(a) providing a light source having an illuminance of at least about 200 lux,

(b) mounting said light source to the head of a patient; and

(c) illuminating the eyes of said patient with said light source for a time sufficient to stimulate said patient's circadian system.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said illuminating step comprises stimulating the neuroendocrine system of the patient.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein said providing step provides a light source having an illuminance of at least about 1500 lux to about 2700 lux.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein said providing step provides a light source having an illuminance of at least about 2000 to about 2500 lux.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein said providing step provides a light source having a white light spectrum.