WO1990007102A1 - Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle - Google Patents

Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990007102A1
WO1990007102A1 PCT/SE1989/000737 SE8900737W WO9007102A1 WO 1990007102 A1 WO1990007102 A1 WO 1990007102A1 SE 8900737 W SE8900737 W SE 8900737W WO 9007102 A1 WO9007102 A1 WO 9007102A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
vehicle
air
conditioning system
thatthe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1989/000737
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Claes Zimmer
Lars Johnsson
Anders Knutson
Original Assignee
Saab Automobile Aktiebolag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saab Automobile Aktiebolag filed Critical Saab Automobile Aktiebolag
Priority to DE68925697T priority Critical patent/DE68925697T2/en
Priority to EP90901074A priority patent/EP0449936B1/en
Priority to JP90501534A priority patent/JPH04506111A/en
Publication of WO1990007102A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990007102A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
    • B60H1/0075—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being solar radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
    • G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
    • G01S3/7861—Solar tracking systems
    • G01S3/7862—Solar tracking systems mounted on a moving platform, e.g. space vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J2001/4266—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for measuring solar light
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S454/00—Ventilation
    • Y10S454/90—Ventilator using solar power

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle, for controlling the air-conditioning system as a function of solar radiation, and provided with a measuring head arranged under a dome transparent to solar radiation, and with elements for connection to a control unit included in the air-conditioning system.
  • the aim of the invention is to permit improved sensing of the solar radiation in order to thereby achieve better and more reliable regulation of the temperature in the vehicle cabin.
  • the measuring head has a number of solar cells arranged in a defined pattern for determining the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun both in terms of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle, that at least a first solar cell is arranged on an upper, plane surface which is oriented in such a way that it is essentially horizontal when the sensor is mounted in the vehicle, and by virtue of the fact that the sensor has attachment elements which permit assembly of the sensor only in one way in the vehicle, as a result of which the air-conditioning system can be controlled as a function of the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun relative to the vehicle.
  • the measuring head of the sensor can be designed in a number of different ways, but according to a particularly advantageous embodimentthe measuring head has four side surfaces at right angles to the upper plane surface, which side surfaces are parallel in pairs and form right angles to the two other side surfaces, in which respect there is a solar cell on each one of these side surfaces, and the side surfaces in one pair are arranged so that, in the assembled position of the sensor, they are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. This permits a compact and simple design of the measuring head.
  • the measuring head there can be four solar cells, which have corners meeting each other, and a shadow element, which produces a shadow image across the solar cells, which image varies with the position of the sun relative to the sensor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sensor according to the invention mounted in a vehicle
  • Fig.2 shows a section II-II in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows the sensor in Figs. 1 and 2 seen from above
  • Fig.4 shows a side view of a holder for the sensor according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows the holder in Fig.4 seen from below
  • Fig. 6 shows the orientation of the sun relative to a measuring head in a sensor according to the invention
  • Fig.7 shows a variant of a measuring head in a sensor according to the invention
  • Fig.8 shows yet another variant of a measuring head in a sensor according to the invention
  • Fig. 9 shows in principle how a sensor according to the invention is coupled to an automatic air-conditioning system in a vehicle.
  • a sensor 3 is mounted behind the windscreen 1 of the vehicle, in the upper, essentially horizontal part 2 of the instrument panel.
  • the air-conditioning system can be controlled as a function of, on the one hand, the intensity of the heat radiation from the sun 4 and, on the other hand, the position of the sun relative to the vehicle.
  • the upper part 2 of the inst-rument panel slopes slightly forwards (angle ⁇ ) relative to the horizontal plane 5.
  • the sensor 3 By means of attachment elements in the form of locking pins 6 and 7, the sensor 3 is in engagement with a holder 8 which is fitted from above in an opening 9 in the upper part 2 of the instrument panel.
  • the locking pins 6 and 7, which are at different heights, cooperate respectively with locking grooves 10 and 11 in the holder 8, by means of which a bayonet locking of the sensor 3 is achieved.
  • the design of the locking grooves 10, 11 and of the locking pins 6, 7 means that the sensor 3 can be mounted only in one way in the vehicle, which ensures that it is always oriented correctly relative to the vehicle. The importance of this will become apparent hereinbelow.
  • the holder 8 is in turn provided with a fixation element which locks it in the correct turning position relative to the upper part 2 of the instrument panel.
  • the fixation element consists of a radial projection 13 on the part of the holder 8 sticking down in the opening 9. This projection
  • the sensor 3 is provided with a dome 14 which sticks up out of the holder 8 and which is transparent to the heat radiation from the sun and can be suitably made of, for example, coloured acrylic plastic.
  • the colouring is such that only heat radiation from the sun is transmitted through to a measuring head 15 which is arranged under the dome 14 and which can be connected electrically, via a connection element 16 arranged underneath on the sensor 3, to a control unit included in the air-conditioning system.
  • the measuring head 15 can be designed in a number of different ways, for example according to what is shown in Figs. 6-8.
  • the measuring head 15 has an upper, plane surface 17 which is oriented in such a way that it is essentially in a horizontal plane 5 when the sensor 3 is mounted in the vehicle (Fig. 1).
  • the two orthogonal axes 18 and 19 are situated in the plane of the surface 17, in which respect the axis 18 is intended to be parallel with the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
  • the normal driving direction of the vehicle is indicated by the arrow A.
  • the position of the sun 4 relative to the measuring head 15 and the axes 18, 19 can be defined by means of the azimuth angle ⁇ and the altitude angle y.
  • the measuring head 15 has four side surfaces 20-23 at right angles to the upper plane surface 17, the side surfaces 20 and 22 being parallel to the axis 18, while the side surfaces 21 and 23 are parallel to the axis 19.
  • a solar cell On each one of the five surfaces 17 and 20-23 there is mounted a solar cell, of which only the solar cell 24 mounted on the upper plane surface
  • the incident heat radiation to the cabin can be determined in order to obtain appropriate control of the climatic condition in the vehicle.
  • FIG.7 A different design of the measuring head 15 is shown in Figs.7 and 8. in both cases, four solar cells 27-30 have been arranged on the upper, plane surface 17, which solar cells 27-30 are arranged one in each of the four quadrants which are formed by the axes 18 and 19, with corners meeting each other where these axes intersect each other.
  • a shadow element 31 in the form of a non- transparent surface area arranged on the dome 14. In this way a shadow image varying with the position of the sun is obtained across the solar cells. The position of the sun can be determined by comparison between the signals of the solar cells.
  • the shadow element 31 instead consists of vertical walls which are arranged between the solar cells 27-30 and which produce a shadow image across the solar cells, which image varies with the position of the sun.
  • a sensor 3 designed according to the invention is connected to a control unit 33 included in the air-conditioning system 32, which control unit 33 in turn controls the air-conditioning system's heating system 34 which includes, for example, fan, various temperature valves, air- distribution valves, compressor etc. Further sensors 3', 3", 3'" are suitably coupled to the control unit 33 for outside air temperature, cabin air temperature and air mixture temperature. In addition, there are of course elements for setting the desired climatic condition (not shown).
  • the sensor 3 can advantageously comprise an amplifier and a microprocessor for treating the signals received from the solar cells.

Abstract

In a sensor (3) for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle, the measuring head (15) of the sensor is provided with a number of solar cells arranged in a defined pattern for determining the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun relative to the sensor. Attachment elements (6, 7) on the sensor permit assembly of the sensor only in one way in the vehicle.

Description

Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle
The present invention relates to a sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle, for controlling the air-conditioning system as a function of solar radiation, and provided with a measuring head arranged under a dome transparent to solar radiation, and with elements for connection to a control unit included in the air-conditioning system.
It is becoming more and more common for modern cars to be provided with an air-conditioning system which automatically maintains a desired cabin temperature independently of external climatic conditions. As a function of, on the one hand, adjustments made on a control panel and, on the other hand, signals from sensors, for example for outside air temperature, solar radiation, air mixture temperature after heat exchangers and cabin air temperature, it is thus possible for an air-conditioning control unit to control the fan speed and the setting of different valves which regulate the air flow in the cabin. The solar radiation has hitherto been recorded by means of a photodiode which has been able to control the speed of the cabin fan. However, it has been found that this regulation is not satisfactory.
The aim of the invention is to permit improved sensing of the solar radiation in order to thereby achieve better and more reliable regulation of the temperature in the vehicle cabin.
This is achieved according to the invention by virtue of the fact that the measuring head has a number of solar cells arranged in a defined pattern for determining the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun both in terms of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle, that at least a first solar cell is arranged on an upper, plane surface which is oriented in such a way that it is essentially horizontal when the sensor is mounted in the vehicle, and by virtue of the fact that the sensor has attachment elements which permit assembly of the sensor only in one way in the vehicle, as a result of which the air-conditioning system can be controlled as a function of the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun relative to the vehicle. Since the shape of the vehicle affects the degree of incident solar radiation in the vehicle at different positions of the sun relative to the vehicle, it is thus possible also to adapt the air-conditioning control to the design of the vehicle. This is of great importance in today's types of vehicles, in which the vehicle windows are often large and greatly inclined.
The measuring head of the sensor can be designed in a number of different ways, but according to a particularly advantageous embodimentthe measuring head has four side surfaces at right angles to the upper plane surface, which side surfaces are parallel in pairs and form right angles to the two other side surfaces, in which respect there is a solar cell on each one of these side surfaces, and the side surfaces in one pair are arranged so that, in the assembled position of the sensor, they are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. This permits a compact and simple design of the measuring head.
According to another variant, on the upper, plane surface of the measuring head there can be four solar cells, which have corners meeting each other, and a shadow element, which produces a shadow image across the solar cells, which image varies with the position of the sun relative to the sensor.
The invention is illustrated in greater detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown on the attached drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a sensor according to the invention mounted in a vehicle, Fig.2 shows a section II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 shows the sensor in Figs. 1 and 2 seen from above,
Fig.4 shows a side view of a holder for the sensor according to the invention,
Fig. 5 shows the holder in Fig.4 seen from below, Fig. 6 shows the orientation of the sun relative to a measuring head in a sensor according to the invention,
Fig.7 shows a variant of a measuring head in a sensor according to the invention,
Fig.8 shows yet another variant of a measuring head in a sensor according to the invention, and Fig. 9 shows in principle how a sensor according to the invention is coupled to an automatic air-conditioning system in a vehicle.
In an air-conditioning system for the cabin of a motor vehicle according to Fig. 1, a sensor 3 is mounted behind the windscreen 1 of the vehicle, in the upper, essentially horizontal part 2 of the instrument panel. By means of this sensor, the air-conditioning system can be controlled as a function of, on the one hand, the intensity of the heat radiation from the sun 4 and, on the other hand, the position of the sun relative to the vehicle. As can be seen, in the example shown the upper part 2 of the inst-rument panel slopes slightly forwards (angle α) relative to the horizontal plane 5.
By means of attachment elements in the form of locking pins 6 and 7, the sensor 3 is in engagement with a holder 8 which is fitted from above in an opening 9 in the upper part 2 of the instrument panel. The locking pins 6 and 7, which are at different heights, cooperate respectively with locking grooves 10 and 11 in the holder 8, by means of which a bayonet locking of the sensor 3 is achieved. The design of the locking grooves 10, 11 and of the locking pins 6, 7 means that the sensor 3 can be mounted only in one way in the vehicle, which ensures that it is always oriented correctly relative to the vehicle. The importance of this will become apparent hereinbelow. A spring
12 holds the sensor 3 fixed in the locked position in the holder 8 and, thus, in the vehicle.
The holder 8 is in turn provided with a fixation element which locks it in the correct turning position relative to the upper part 2 of the instrument panel. In this particular case the fixation element consists of a radial projection 13 on the part of the holder 8 sticking down in the opening 9. This projection
13 fits in a corresponding recess in the upper part 2.
At the top the sensor 3 is provided with a dome 14 which sticks up out of the holder 8 and which is transparent to the heat radiation from the sun and can be suitably made of, for example, coloured acrylic plastic. In this respect it is advantageous if the colouring is such that only heat radiation from the sun is transmitted through to a measuring head 15 which is arranged under the dome 14 and which can be connected electrically, via a connection element 16 arranged underneath on the sensor 3, to a control unit included in the air-conditioning system.
The measuring head 15 can be designed in a number of different ways, for example according to what is shown in Figs. 6-8. In all these embodiments the measuring head 15 has an upper, plane surface 17 which is oriented in such a way that it is essentially in a horizontal plane 5 when the sensor 3 is mounted in the vehicle (Fig. 1). In Fig. 6 the two orthogonal axes 18 and 19 are situated in the plane of the surface 17, in which respect the axis 18 is intended to be parallel with the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The normal driving direction of the vehicle is indicated by the arrow A. The position of the sun 4 relative to the measuring head 15 and the axes 18, 19 can be defined by means of the azimuth angle β and the altitude angle y.
According to Fig. 6 the measuring head 15 has four side surfaces 20-23 at right angles to the upper plane surface 17, the side surfaces 20 and 22 being parallel to the axis 18, while the side surfaces 21 and 23 are parallel to the axis 19. On each one of the five surfaces 17 and 20-23 there is mounted a solar cell, of which only the solar cell 24 mounted on the upper plane surface
17 and the solar cells 25 and 26 mounted on the side surfaces 20 and 21, respectively, are indicated here. By means of comparing signals from the different solar cells in a microprocessor, it is possible to determine the position of the sun 4 and, in addition, the intensity of the solar radiation. Taking these values as a starting point, and on the basis of previously determined table values, the incident heat radiation to the cabin can be determined in order to obtain appropriate control of the climatic condition in the vehicle.
A different design of the measuring head 15 is shown in Figs.7 and 8. in both cases, four solar cells 27-30 have been arranged on the upper, plane surface 17, which solar cells 27-30 are arranged one in each of the four quadrants which are formed by the axes 18 and 19, with corners meeting each other where these axes intersect each other. In the embodiment according to Fig.7 there is a shadow element 31 in the form of a non- transparent surface area arranged on the dome 14. In this way a shadow image varying with the position of the sun is obtained across the solar cells. The position of the sun can be determined by comparison between the signals of the solar cells.
In Fig. 8 the shadow element 31 instead consists of vertical walls which are arranged between the solar cells 27-30 and which produce a shadow image across the solar cells, which image varies with the position of the sun.
The basic construction of an automatic air-conditioning system 32 is shown in Fig. 9. A sensor 3 designed according to the invention is connected to a control unit 33 included in the air-conditioning system 32, which control unit 33 in turn controls the air-conditioning system's heating system 34 which includes, for example, fan, various temperature valves, air- distribution valves, compressor etc. Further sensors 3', 3", 3'" are suitably coupled to the control unit 33 for outside air temperature, cabin air temperature and air mixture temperature. In addition, there are of course elements for setting the desired climatic condition (not shown).
The sensor 3 can advantageously comprise an amplifier and a microprocessor for treating the signals received from the solar cells.
The embodiments described above can of course be varied further within the scope of the invention, for example by changing the number of solar cells and their position. One possibility is, for example, to let one corner of the measuring head be directed forwards.

Claims

Patent claims
1. Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle, for controlling the air-conditioning system as a function of solar radiation, and provided with a measuring head (15) arranged under a dome (14) transparent to solar radiation, and with elements (16) for connection to a control unit (33) included in the air-conditioning system, characterized in thatthe measuring head (15) has a number of solar cells (24-26; 27-30) arranged in a defined pattern for determining the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun both in terms of the altitude angle (y) and the azimuth angle (β), in that at least a first solar cell (24;27) is arranged on an upper, plane surface (17) which is oriented in such a way that it is essentially horizontal when the sensor (3) is mounted in the vehicle, and in thatthe sensor has attachment elements (6, 7) which permit assembly of the sensor only in one way in the vehicle, as a result of which the air-conditioning system can be controlled as a function of the intensity of the solar radiation and the position of the sun relative to the vehicle.
2. Sensor according to Claim 1, characterized in thatthe measuring head (15) has four side surfaces (20-23) at right angles to the upper plane surface (17), which side surfaces (20-23) are parallel in pairs and form right angles to the two other side surfaces, in that there is a solar cell (25, 26) on each of these side surfaces, and in thatthe side surfaces (20, 22) in the one pair are arranged so that, in the assembled position of the sensor (3), they are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
3. Sensor according to Claim 1, characterized in that there are four solar cells (27-30) on the upper, plane surface (17) of the measuring head (15), which solar cells (27-30) have corners meeting each other, and in that there is a shadow element (31) which produces a shadow image across the solar cells, which image varies with the position of the sun relative to the sensor.
4. Sensor according to Claim 3, characterized in thatthe shadow element (31) consists of a non-transparent surface area above the solar cells, suitably on the dome (14).
5. Sensor according to Claim 3, characterized in that the shadow element (31) consists of walls arranged between the solar cells on the upper plane surface (17).
6. Sensor according to any one of Claims 1-5, characterized in thatthe sensor is designed for bayonet locking (6, 7) in the vehicle and is arranged to be fixed in locking position by means of a spring (12).
7. Sensor according to any one of Claims 1-6, characterized in thatthe sensor has two parts arranged at right angles to each other, of which the first part is provided at its free end with the dome (14) and is intended to extend from underneath through the upper part (2) of the vehicle's instrument panel, while the second part is provided with elements (16) for connection to the control unit of the air-conditioning system.
PCT/SE1989/000737 1988-12-22 1989-12-20 Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle WO1990007102A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE68925697T DE68925697T2 (en) 1988-12-22 1989-12-20 AIR CONDITIONING SENSOR IN A VEHICLE
EP90901074A EP0449936B1 (en) 1988-12-22 1989-12-20 Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle
JP90501534A JPH04506111A (en) 1988-12-22 1989-12-20 Vehicle air conditioning sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8804623A SE462665B (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 SENSORS TO A CLIMATE CONDITION FOR A VEHICLE
SE8804623-0 1988-12-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990007102A1 true WO1990007102A1 (en) 1990-06-28

Family

ID=20374306

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1989/000737 WO1990007102A1 (en) 1988-12-22 1989-12-20 Sensor for an air-conditioning system in a vehicle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5117744A (en)
EP (1) EP0449936B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04506111A (en)
DE (1) DE68925697T2 (en)
SE (1) SE462665B (en)
WO (1) WO1990007102A1 (en)

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DE68925697T2 (en) 1996-06-27
EP0449936A1 (en) 1991-10-09
SE8804623D0 (en) 1988-12-22
EP0449936B1 (en) 1996-02-14
DE68925697D1 (en) 1996-03-28
JPH04506111A (en) 1992-10-22
US5117744A (en) 1992-06-02
SE462665B (en) 1990-08-06
SE8804623L (en) 1990-06-23

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