WO1991010337A1 - Microwave susceptor with attenuator for heat control - Google Patents
Microwave susceptor with attenuator for heat control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991010337A1 WO1991010337A1 PCT/US1990/006114 US9006114W WO9110337A1 WO 1991010337 A1 WO1991010337 A1 WO 1991010337A1 US 9006114 W US9006114 W US 9006114W WO 9110337 A1 WO9110337 A1 WO 9110337A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- microwave
- attenuator
- susceptor
- construction according
- temperature
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
- B65D81/3446—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3439—Means for affecting the heating or cooking properties
- B65D2581/344—Geometry or shape factors influencing the microwave heating properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3439—Means for affecting the heating or cooking properties
- B65D2581/3447—Heat attenuators, blocking agents or heat insulators for temperature control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3439—Means for affecting the heating or cooking properties
- B65D2581/3448—Binders for microwave reactive materials, e.g. for inks or coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3463—Means for applying microwave reactive material to the package
- B65D2581/3464—Microwave reactive material applied by ink printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
- B65D2581/3472—Aluminium or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
- B65D2581/3474—Titanium or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
- B65D2581/3477—Iron or compounds thereof
- B65D2581/3478—Stainless steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
- B65D2581/3479—Other metallic compounds, e.g. silver, gold, copper, nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
- B65D2581/3483—Carbon, carbon black, or graphite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
- B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
- B65D2581/3486—Dielectric characteristics of microwave reactive packaging
- B65D2581/3494—Microwave susceptor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S99/00—Foods and beverages: apparatus
- Y10S99/14—Induction heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a susceptor adapted to produce heat when exposed to microwaves.
- Patents 4,806,718; 4,808,780; 4,810,845 and 4,818,831 describe ceramic devices for microwave heating, primarily green ceramics, which employ a quantity of bound water to produce heating. The ceramic gel itself produces heat.
- a film former such as a standard ink base
- the susceptor composition should have characteristics that allow it to be applied as a fluid by a variety of methods including roll printing, silk screen printing, spraying, dipping, brushing and the like.
- the composition should preferably be useful with gravure printing, one application method found to allow especially good coating weight control.
- the fluid susceptor sometimes referred to herein for convenience as "ink”, should be capable of being applied directly onto a backing such as paper, paperboard or the like without the requirement for multiple superimposed coatings, plastic sheets or high pressure which increase production costs and capital requirements.
- the fluid susceptor composition When applied by printing, the fluid susceptor composition should have all the qualities of a good printing ink including the proper rheological properties: viscosity, dilatency and thixotropy to avoid problems such as misting, splattering or dripping from freshly printed surfaces moving at high speed and must also transfer easily from the supply roll to the printing roll.
- the susceptor fluids or inks of the present invention should also produce coatings of uniform thicknesses and be able to form both a continuous and interrupted coating, e.g. a coating with a multiplicity of openings or uncoated spots within a coated area.
- a more specific object is to control heating of a susceptor so that it can be used on paper without the paper charring or catching on fire.
- Another object is to enable printing of the susceptor to be accomplished using standard printing equipment at normal speeds, up to 1200 feet per minute.
- a further object is to provide a susceptor for heating foods which is food safe.
- Yet another object is to match or exceed the performance of commercially available microwave susceptors that employ vapor deposited semiconductive aluminum coatings.
- the invention provides a thermocompensating susceptor.
- the susceptor preferably includes a microwave transparent backing sheet formed from a microwave transparent substance such as plastic resin, paper or paperboard that is stable during heating up to at least about 400°F and a microwave susceptor layer applied to the backing.
- the susceptor layer comprises a dried dispersion composed of an apparently homogeneous microscopically heterogeneous mixture of at least two finely divided phases.
- the dispersion incudes organic film forming resin particles or binders dispersed in a liquid dispersant and, most preferably, two other kinds of dispersed particles.
- One kind of particle comprises a microwave interactive particle selected to absorb microwave energy and product heat.
- the other particle comprises electrically nonconductive thermocompensating particles of a mineral hydrate containing bound water of crystallization and having a dissociation temperature in the range of between about 100°F to 600°F and preferably between about 250°F to 450°F.
- the mineral hydrate attenuator functions to limit and control runaway heating of the susceptor during heating in a microwave oven. This is due to a cooling effect produced by the hydrate. Prior to heating, water molecules are tightly bound in the compound. When heated, the attenuator retains water molecules until the initial dissociation temperature is reached and then begins to give them off. It appears to be the release of the water molecules which produces a cooling effect, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the packaging material until all of the water molecules have been released.
- the coating can be considered dry to the touch and can be used to form a stable coating that can be exposed, e.g. on the outside of a package, if desired and preferably does not rub off easily.
- the susceptor layer can be applied by a variety of methods including printing, dipping, spraying, brushing and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing sheet material to which a susceptor fluid is applied in accordance with one form of the invention
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a susceptor in accordance with another form of the invention
- Fig. 3 is a plan view of a susceptor in accordance with another form of the invention
- Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3 but having a different pattern
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 4; and.
- Figs. 6-11 are graphs showing the heating characteristics of susceptors described in examples 1-7.
- the present invention provides a backing sheet composed of a microwave transparent sheet material such as paper, paperboard or plastic that is transparent to microwave energy that has a susceptor layer or coating thereon.
- the susceptor coating comprises a dispersion composed of a fluid vehicle or binder in which most preferably is uniformly and homogeneously suspended two kinds of dispersed particles.
- One kind is an electrically conductive microwave interactive particle which produces heat in a microwave field.
- the other is an electrically nonconductive*non-microwave interactive mineral attenuator hydrate in particulate form for dissipating, spreading and/or modulating the energy absorbed and converted to heat by the conductive particles.
- the dispersed phase comprises two kinds of uniformly intermixed suspended particles of different compositions.
- Both suspended materials interact with microwave energy directly to produce heat. Both suspended materials are composed of microscopic size particles that remain dispersed or in suspension in the vehicle until used. During heating the suspended attenuator particles prevent localized energy buildup and runaway heating that would otherwise occur.
- the backing consists of a sheet of paper, paperboard, plastic film or other flexible microwave transparent organic polymeric sheet material.
- the backing sheet material can, for example, be 15 to 50 pound greaseproof kraft paper or paperboard such as 18 or 20 point paperboard, plastic film such as polyester, nylon, cellophane or the like.
- the susceptor coating applied to this backing sheet forms a bilayer.
- the fluid vehicle or film former serves as a binder or matrix to hold the coating together and to the backing.
- the vehicle of the susceptor can comprise any suitable vehicle or binder such as an acrylic or aleic resin, e.g. maleic rosin ester, polyvinyl acetate, protein or soluble shellac. The best printability and drying is provided by acrylic resins.
- the shelf life and dispersion ability are also better with acrylic resins and, accordingly, an acrylic resin vehicle is preferred but is not essential.
- an acrylic resin vehicle is preferred but is not essential.
- a liquid dispersant or solvent present in the vehicle can be water with or without an amine such as ammonia.
- a variety of other vehicles known to the art can also be used, however, water based vehicles are preferred.
- a suitable water based dispersion can be an alkaline solution of an acidic resin. Upon drying, the resin may become water insoluble and form a film.
- Other film formers such as a polyvinyl acetate adhesive emulsion can be employed alone or with an acrylic resin.
- the pH of the vehicle can be controlled as required, e.g. with sodium hydroxide.
- the vehicle typically contains about 50% to 80% solids. The balance is water.
- the vehicle there are uniformly and homogeneously suspended in the vehicle at least two kinds of dispersed particles.
- the first is the microwave interactive heat producing particle, e.g. carbon, optionally together with suspended metal particles such as aluminum, bronze or nickel particles in a minor amount of, say, about 1% to 20% by weight of the heat producing particles.
- the electrically conductive carbon particles dispersed in the vehicle should be of a suitable carbon black such as channel black, furnace black, lamp black or other suitable source of carbon.
- the energy attenuator will affect various forms of carbon. While various suitable carbon black is 90F Black (Inmont Printing Inks Division of BASF Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, [I.P.I.]).
- Carbon black is typically present in an amount of about 1 to 5 times the amount of film forming resin solids basis.
- particles of an electrically nonconductive microwave noninteractive inorganic hydrated mineral attenuator adapted to release water of crystallization endothermically for dissipating or compensating in part for the heat produced by the microwave interactive particles are particles of an electrically nonconductive microwave noninteractive inorganic hydrated mineral attenuator adapted to release water of crystallization endothermically for dissipating or compensating in part for the heat produced by the microwave interactive particles.
- the attenuator is preferably used in an amount from about 2 to 20, and most preferably used in an amount from about 10 to 12, times the amount of carbon black or other susceptor (heater) present when used for popping popcorn.
- the attenuator is present in a sufficient amount to prevent localized overheating, sparking and burning.
- hydrated mineral attenuators can be employed in accordance with the invention to stabilize and control the heating characteristics of the microwave interactive susceptor particles.
- These hydrated mineral attenuator particles do not produce heat themselves. When heated in heat conductive relationship with the heat producing particles, they provide a cooling effect. The attenuator particles remain relatively inert until the dissociation temperature is reached. At this point water molecules are released to produce a cooling effect which stabilizes the temperature of the susceptor at the point reached when the water molecules begin to evolve until all of the water is driven off.
- each crystal may have sequential dissociation temperatures, i.e. H 2 0 molecules begin to be liberated at temperatures much lower than the dissociation temperatures listed in Table 1. When used in the invention, the onset of cooling occurs at a much lower temperature. Table 1 temperatures are taken from The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and indicate temperatures at which the crystals become completely anhydrous. At that time normal heating continues.
- Both kinds of suspended particles are preferably dispersed in the vehicle conventionally until uniform dispersion is obtained as will be understood by those skilled in the printing art. Only enough of the attenuator needs to be provided to reduce the tendency for overheating to occur in the finished susceptor. If too much is present the heating effect will be reduced, but if too little is present, hot spots or burning may occur.
- Minor amounts of known ink additives can be provided for improving flow and drying properties as well as the properties of the finished susceptor film.
- an acrylic dispersion is used as a film former
- an amine such as ammonia or an organic a ine of any suitable known composition useful in printing inks can be employed to form a stable vehicle suspension.
- Sodium hydroxide can be used to control the pH.
- a web 10 is unwound from supply roll 12, from left to right in the drawings.
- a fluid dispersion, for convenience referred to herein as "ink” present in supply pan 18 is picked up by a gravure roll 20 which is engraved with a repeating pattern 21 adapted to pick up the ink 19.
- Excess ink is removed by a doctor blade 22.
- the web- passes over roll 13 and beneath a back-up roll 24 which presses the web against roll 20 to pick up the ink carried in the engraved areas 21 and thereby provide a spaced series of successive rectangular susceptor patches 26.
- the printed web 12 is dried, then passes over roll 25 and is later formed into containers, e.g.
- the ink 19 carried in the pattern 21 has a rectangular shape in this case to provide a rectangular printed susceptor film 26.
- the film 26 is dried conventionally as by means of infrared and/or hot air dryers (not shown) or other suitable drying methods known to the art.
- another layer of flexible or non-flexible microwave transparent sheet material such as paper, paperboard or plastic (not shown) can be adhesively bonded over the ink layer 26 to enclose and encapsulate it between two sheets of microwave transparent material.
- spraying is used, the rolls 20-25 are replaced with a spraying nozzle (not shown) that is used to apply the dispersion to the backing web 10.
- the susceptor coating 26 can comprise between about 1-20 weight percent of the conductive microwave • interactive susceptor particles and about 0.5-5 weight percent of the film forming substrate or matrix.
- carbon is used as the interactive material, it is preferred to use about 2-10 percent by weight of carbon black.
- the amount of the compensating attenuator material depends upon how much heat is produced, how effective the attenuator material is in cooling, how many bound water molecules are present, and the dissociation temperature.
- the printed susceptor patches 26 can be a solidly printed rectangle about 4 to 6 inches on a side at a weight of typically about 15-25 pounds, per ream (432,000 square inches) .
- the carbon content in the dried ink film is on the order of about 2% to 20%, and the attenuator content will be about 20% to 90% by weight of the dried film.
- the viscosity of the fluid ink and the characteristics of the printing roll controls the basis weight of the ink film applied to the paper sheet 10. More or less water or other solvent can be used to control the viscosity within a limited range.
- the formula of the dispersion 19, and primarily the amount of attenuator, is adjusted to regulate the cooling effect.
- the amount of carbon or other heater present and the amount of the dispersion laid down control the amount of heat produced.
- Halftone printing can be employed as a way of achieving a precise laydown of the dispersion.
- the desired basis weight of the patch 26 depends on the formula of the dispersion. For popping popcorn, the basis weight of the patch is typically about 15-25 lb per ream (432,000 square inches).
- FIG. 2 illustrates another optional form of the invention.
- a backing sheet 54 which in this case is a 20-point food grade paperboard on which is printed a susceptor 52 having an outline shaped to conform generally to the outline of a food product to be placed against it.
- the susceptor 52 in this case comprises an area about 4k inches square.
- a solidly printed area 56 surrounded by a halftone printed area 58. This is surrounded by an area 60 which is approximately 50% open unprinted areas in the form of small unprinted circles or squares surrounded by grid lines.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a further modified form of the invention which in this case comprises a greaseproof kraft paper backing 70 upon which is printed a chevron-shaped susceptor 62 having a solidly printed center section 64 surrounded by a printed grid portion 66 that is 80% printed and 20% open area.
- a greater amount of heat can be provided at the center with a reduced amount produced at the periphery by virtue of the reduction in the amount of susceptor material printed on the backing 70 at the edge.
- Area 64 is 80% covered and area 66 is 50% covered.
- the embodiments described in Figures 2 and 3 provide an outer area or circular band in which the concentration of susceptor is low enough to keep the paper from igniting if this is a problem. It has been found that the burning or overheating is most likely to take place at the edge of the printed susceptor area. Reduced coverage in this zone reduces chance of damage or ignition of the susceptor backing sheet.
- FIG. 4 and 5 illustrate still another form of the invention.
- a paper sheet such as 50 pound greaseproof kraft paper sheet 72 is printed with a susceptor 74 having stripes 76 that are solidly printed alternating with stripes that are 80% printed and 20% open.
- the microwave interactive heat producing substance i.e. susceptor material
- Various metals can be employed such as aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, stainless steel, iron, tin, chromium, manganese, silver, gold or their oxides.
- ferrites can be employed such as barium ferrite, zinc ferrite, magnesium ferrite, copper ferrite or other suitable ferromagnetic materials and alloys such as alloys of manganese, tin and copper or manganese, aluminum and copper, and carbides such as silicon carbide, iron carbide, strontium carbide and the like, as well as carbon. Of these carbon is preferred because of its availability, cost and heating characteristics.
- the amount of microwave interactive susceptor such as carbon employed can be adjusted to obtain the desired rate of temperature rise to the dissociation point, say 392 C F. The heat produced must be adjusted to fit the thermal requirements of the food item.
- Adjustment of the hydrated attenuator present in the formula is accomplished by choosing one or a mixture of two or more of the appropriate dissociation temperature, as well as the number of water molecules bound in the compound. It is believed that a greater number of water molecules present in the crystal structure of the attenuator will increase its cooling capacity. If two or more different hydrated attenuator particles are employed, it may be possible in some cases to obtain a stepped heating curve if required by particular heating conditions or to release water molecules progressively to lengthen the temperature range over which the cooling effect can be achieved.
- the invention can also be applied to microwave susceptors of the type which employ a backing such as plastic film to which is applied a thin, semi-conductive layer of metal usually by vacuum electro-deposition.
- the hydrated mineral attenuator particles can be incorporated as a layer above or below the metal coating or on the opposite side of the backing to keep the metallized sheet from overheating to the point where degradation is the problem.
- the attenuator of the type described can also be applied as a separate layer adjacent to a layer of carbon or other heat producing susceptor and in heat conductive relationship with it to cool the susceptor during microwave heating.
- a stable dispersion containing hydrated attenuator particles in accordance with the invention is laminated between a relatively gas and vapor impervious sheet and a relatively porous sheet such as kraft paper which forms the outside surface of a container such as a food container.
- a relatively gas and vapor impervious sheet and a relatively porous sheet such as kraft paper which forms the outside surface of a container such as a food container.
- the invention can be employed for heating, toasting, browning or crisping a variety of foods such as meat or fish patties, fish sticks, french fried potatoes, griddle foods including french toast, pancakes, waffles, pizza or for popping popcorn.
- Attenuator is Alumina Trih drate Al0 -3H0
- Example 3 Attenuator is Sodium Thiosulfate
- Attenuator is Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate (MgS0 4 •7H 2 0) component weight (grams) ercent
- Attenuator is Zinc Sulfate He tah drate
- Attenuator is Potassium Sodium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (KOCOCHOHCHOHCOONa•4H 2 0) component weight (grams) percent
- Example 8 Control; Alumina Trihydrate (Al 2 0 3 -3H 2 0) component weight (grams) percent
- Example 9 Control; Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate (Na 2 S 2 0 3 -5H 2 0) component weight ( grams ) percent
- Example 10 Control Ma nesium Sulfate He tah drate
- Example 12 Control; Potassium Sodium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (KOCOCHOHCHOHCOONa-4H 2 0) component weight (grams) percent
- Susceptor coatings are prepared and applied to a backing as follows.
- the formula of the liquid dispersion is calculated, then mixed and diluted with water to an appropriate consistency for laboratory draw downs.
- a sample of the dispersion is analyzed for "% solids".
- a portion of the liquid dispersion is applied by drawing it down on 25 lb. greaseproof paper with an appropriate drawn down rod. The selection of one of the numbered draw down rods is based upon the desired basis weight of the dry susceptor film. Completed "draw downs" are hung vertically and allowed to air dry.
- a comparison of the weights of the precisely cut pieces of plain paper and paper containing the dry susceptor film will yield basis weight of the film.
- Another quantity of the dried dispersion is analyzed for % solids.
- Samples are cut from the dried draw downs.
- a special fixture was constructed from 3/8" sheets of G7 High Temperature Fiberglass. Two pieces of the sheet stock were cut into squares measuring 6-3/4" on each side. A central aperture (4-3/4" square) was machined into each square, yielding two identical frames. The test sample is held securely between the two frames, allowing unimpeded microwave exposure from both directions.
- a Litton 1000 watt commercial microwave oven
- Examples 1-7 is placed between the two halves of the test fixture and the halves secured.
- the fixture containing the sample is placed in the oven cavity in an upright position.
- the sample fixture should be centered laterally, parallel to and 2-1/2" back from the door, with the face of the sheet 10 containing the susceptor patch 26 facing the door.
- the door is then closed.
- the infrared instrument is focused if necessary, and a video cassette recorder is started.
- a normal test sequence is 60 seconds at full power in a 1000 watt oven. However, testing is discontinued if the test sample is thermally consumed before the end of a normal test period.
- the infrared temperature apparatus records a new set of complete temperatures every 33 milliseconds for the entire time. Any number of comparisons are possible with the accumulated data.
- Hard copies of the screens are obtained by using 35mm photography to capture the video display at 5 second intervals.
- Figure 6 In control Example 7, the specimen burst into flames after about 5-6 seconds. In Example 1, the temperature leveled off at about 180°F and no combustion occurred.
- FIG. 7 In the sample marked MPET laminate (top curve) , a specimen of semiconductive vacuum aluminized polyester film as described in patent 4,735,513 is used as an example of the prior art for comparative purposes.
- the lower curve resulted from the composition of the invention as described in Example 2. Heating approached 280°F after about 5-15 seconds and leveled off.
- Figure 8 The upper curve represents heating achieved with the composition of Example 3.
- the lower curve resulted from control Example 9 (no heat producing susceptor material present) .
- Figure 9 The upper curve shows heating with the composition of Example 4 and the lower curve shows control Example 10.
- Figure 10 shows the heating curves achieved from Example 5 and control Example 11, respectively.
- Figure 11 shows the heating that resulted from Example 6 and control Example 12.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69029200T DE69029200D1 (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1990-10-23 | MICROWAVE SECTOR WITH HEAT CONTROL REDUCER |
BR909007945A BR9007945A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1990-10-23 | MICROWAVE SUSCEPTOR WITH ATTENUATOR FOR MEAT CONTROL |
EP90916405A EP0506670B1 (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1990-10-23 | Microwave susceptor with attenuator for heat control |
KR1019920701488A KR100217033B1 (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1992-06-22 | Microwave susceptor with separate attenuator for heat control |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/456,159 US4970358A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1989-12-22 | Microwave susceptor with attenuator for heat control |
US456,159 | 1989-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991010337A1 true WO1991010337A1 (en) | 1991-07-11 |
Family
ID=23811684
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1990/006114 WO1991010337A1 (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1990-10-23 | Microwave susceptor with attenuator for heat control |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US4970358A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0506670B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05504650A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100217033B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1027120C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE145378T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6636090A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9007945A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2071978A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69029200D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991010337A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA908672B (en) |
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- 1990-10-19 US US07/601,451 patent/US5338911A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 WO PCT/US1990/006114 patent/WO1991010337A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-10-23 CA CA002071978A patent/CA2071978A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-10-23 BR BR909007945A patent/BR9007945A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-23 AU AU66360/90A patent/AU6636090A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-10-23 EP EP90916405A patent/EP0506670B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 AT AT90916405T patent/ATE145378T1/en active
- 1990-10-23 DE DE69029200T patent/DE69029200D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 JP JP2515095A patent/JPH05504650A/en active Pending
- 1990-10-30 ZA ZA908672A patent/ZA908672B/en unknown
- 1990-11-06 CN CN90109731A patent/CN1027120C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1992
- 1992-06-22 KR KR1019920701488A patent/KR100217033B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US9073689B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2015-07-07 | Graphic Packaging International, Inc. | Microwave energy interactive insulating structure |
US10604325B2 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2020-03-31 | Graphic Packaging International, Llc | Microwave packaging material |
WO2018206745A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Instituto Tecnológico Del Embalaje, Transporte Y Logística (Itene) | Susceptor ink compositions for microwaveable packages |
EP3401371B1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2019-08-28 | Instituto Tecnológico Del Embalaje, Transporte Y Logística (Itene) | Susceptor ink compositions for microwaveable packages |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9007945A (en) | 1992-10-06 |
CN1055635A (en) | 1991-10-23 |
US5285040A (en) | 1994-02-08 |
CN1027120C (en) | 1994-12-21 |
EP0506670A4 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
ZA908672B (en) | 1992-06-24 |
US4970358A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
AU6636090A (en) | 1991-07-24 |
EP0506670B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
CA2071978A1 (en) | 1991-06-23 |
ATE145378T1 (en) | 1996-12-15 |
KR100217033B1 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
JPH05504650A (en) | 1993-07-15 |
US5338911A (en) | 1994-08-16 |
DE69029200D1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0506670A1 (en) | 1992-10-07 |
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