WO1991014464A1 - Artificial heart - Google Patents

Artificial heart

Info

Publication number
WO1991014464A1
WO1991014464A1 PCT/FR1991/000239 FR9100239W WO9114464A1 WO 1991014464 A1 WO1991014464 A1 WO 1991014464A1 FR 9100239 W FR9100239 W FR 9100239W WO 9114464 A1 WO9114464 A1 WO 9114464A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pockets
enclosures
pocket
artificial heart
heart according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1991/000239
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Guilmet
Galdino Barbieri
Jean-Yves Charron
Original Assignee
Daniel Guilmet
Galdino Barbieri
Charron Jean Yves
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daniel Guilmet, Galdino Barbieri, Charron Jean Yves filed Critical Daniel Guilmet
Publication of WO1991014464A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991014464A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/247—Positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/253—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood
    • A61M60/268—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood the displacement member being flexible, e.g. membranes, diaphragms or bladders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/196—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial hearts [TAH]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/427—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/89—Valves
    • A61M60/894—Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood
    • A61M60/896—Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood having flexible or resilient parts, e.g. flap valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices

Definitions

  • the artificial heart of the invention is characterized in that it consists of two flexible pockets constituting the ventricular cavities of the heart, these pockets being arranged inside external enclosures with a more rigid wall, means being provided to inject a fluid, at the rhythm of the heartbeat, between the pockets and their enclosures, each flexible pouch forming one of the branches of a U-shaped structure, the other branch of which is located outside the enclosure external, consists of a tube.
  • the two enclosures containing the pockets are assembled one against the other.
  • the two enclosures containing the pockets are joined together inside the same receptacle.
  • the receptacle and / or the two enclosures and the pockets which they receive are of similar general shapes and dimensions.
  • each flexible bag has two valves placed at the two opposite ends of each bag, one at the base of the U-shaped structure, the other at the ex- opposite end of the corresponding branch of the U-shaped structure, these two non-return valves being located outside and close to the corresponding external enclosure.
  • the two U-shaped structures, the enclosures and the receptacle are shaped so that when the enclosures are arranged adjacent to the interior of the receptacle, the two tubes each constituting the 'one of the branches of the two U-shaped structures are arranged substantially one behind the other in the plane of jointing of the two pockets.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a ventricular pocket of the heart of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an opposite view of the pouch in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a section along A-A in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the enclosure with a more rigid wall
  • FIG. 5 is a rear view of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 is a section along B-B in FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the receptacle of the artificial heart
  • FIG. 8 and 9 are respectively views from below and from above of the artificial heart
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the artificial heart of FIGS. 8 and 9,
  • FIG. 11 is a view from the right of FIG. 10,
  • FIG. 12 is a rear view of FIG. 10,
  • FIG. 13 is a de.gauche view of Figure 10.
  • the present invention therefore aims to achieve an artificial heart which provides a solution to the essential problems of artificial hearts made so far, concerning the ⁇ space, weight and above all, concerning the construction of this heart which is such that it ensures a unidirectional circulation of the blood flow inside the ventricular cavities, reducing reflux and eliminating stagnant areas and / or blood turbulence inside its cavities.
  • the heart according to the invention thus makes it possible, for a determined volume of cavity, to increase the volume of blood drawn at each beat and therefore to reduce the frequency of these beats.
  • This artificial heart is composed of two flexible pockets 1 and 2 of similar construction, one of which, 1, is shown in the figures 1, 2 and 3. Each of these pockets is arranged inside of an enclosure made of more rigid material 6, respectively 7 (see FIG. 9).
  • a working fluid for example air, is intended to be introduced into these chambers 6 and 7 in order to compress the flexible pouches and circulate the blood which they contain.
  • Each flexible pocket 1, 2 forms one of the branches of a en structure, the other branch of which, located outside the enclosure 6, 7, is formed by a flexible tube 4, respectively 5 .
  • the open end 4 ⁇ , 5, of this tube is intended to be connected either to the aorta or to the pulmonary artery of the patient, while the upper open end l respectively 2, of the other branch of the structure in ⁇ constituted by the pocket
  • I I , 2 _ have a flared connection mouth for this purpose (see Figures 1 and 2).
  • the tubes 4 and 5 are connected to the corresponding pockets 1 and 2 to the base 4 2/5 2 such struc ⁇ tures in ⁇ .
  • Each pocket 1 or 2, as well as the enclosures which receive them, are arranged adjoining in the receptacle 3 along the jointing plane 8.
  • These pockets are of substantially symmetrical construction with respect to this jointing plane and have a wall 8 ⁇ which is inclined relative to this plane 8 so that the two pockets 1 and 2, juxtaposed, delimit between them a "V" shaped housing 8 2 inside of which are partially housed and one behind the 'other in the jointing plane 8, the tubes 4 and 5 connected, in their structure in ⁇ , respectively to the pockets 1 and 2.
  • a "V" shaped housing 8 2 inside of which are partially housed and one behind the 'other in the jointing plane 8, the tubes 4 and 5 connected, in their structure in ⁇ , respectively to the pockets 1 and 2.
  • Each pocket also has (see FIG. 1) a step 1 2 at the base of the inclined wall 8> at the level of the elbow 4 2 respectively 5 2 .
  • Each flexible pocket 1 and 2 also has concave local deformations which are intended to favor the displacement of the wall of this pocket during each heartbeat, so that the volume of this pocket becomes practically zero during the compressions of the pocket. then normally resume its initial shape corresponding to the maximum volume of the pocket without the wall of this pocket being energized.
  • the elastic deformations of this pocket are, therefore nonexistent, the maximum and minimum volumes deduced solely from the displacement of the two walls opposite the flexible pocket, even if the material constituting these pockets can itself be slightly elastic.
  • These local concave deformations are divided, according to the embodiment of Figures 1, 2 and 3, into two categories, namely on the one hand local deformations transverse to the U-shaped structure, on the other hand longitudinal deformations .
  • the pocket 1 comprises a local concave deformation 10 established transversely to the U-shaped structure around the entire circumference of the periphery of the pocket 1.
  • this pocket comprises two local deformations 11 and 1 ⁇ , one of which 11, is formed on the wall of the pockets 1 and 2 adjacent to each other at the height of the jointing plane 8.
  • the other local deformation 11 ! is made on the opposite wall of the pocket. These two local deformations 11 and 11, intersecting with the deformation peripheral 10, are offset from each other by a distance 12, the deformation 1 ⁇ being closer to the tube 4, 5 than the deformation 11 so that the displacement of the opposite walls of the pocket leads, when of each beat, these two walls in contact with each other along line 13 (see Figure 3) so that the volume of this pocket can become practically zero.
  • Each pocket has two non-return valves, one of which, 14, is situated at the base of the pocket 1 or 2 and therefore at the level of the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 of the en structures, the other valve 15 being located on this pocket, opposite the valve 14 that is to say at the height of the corresponding open end 1 1 # 2, of this branch of the structure in ⁇ .
  • Each pocket 1 and 2 is arranged inside an enclosure 6, 7 (see FIGS. 4, 5 and 11), with a more rigid wall, which is of a shape adapted to that of the pocket 1, 2 it contains.
  • These two speakers 6/7 are symmetrically shaped relative to their jointing plane 8. They are fitted with an upper opening 6 _ 7 adapting sealingly on the upper openings 1f 2, pockets receiving them- same the valves 15 as well as a lower opening 6 2 , 7 2 sealingly fitting against the base of the pockets 1, 2, at the level of the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 comprising the valves 14.
  • enclosures 6, 7 receiving the pockets 1, 2 are, as shown in the figures from 8 to 13, housed inside a receptacle 3 generally reproducing the shape and dimensions of a heart.
  • This receptacle is of generally circular shape, seen in a plane 16 (FIG. 7) transverse to the two U-shaped structures.
  • This generally circular shape however has a "V" shaped housing 17 corresponding to the V shaped housing 2 delimited by the two inclined walls 6 5 of the enclosures 6 and 7. This "V" housing 17 thus receives the two tubes 4 and 5 of the U-shaped structures whose pockets 1, 2 are placed inside the enclosures.
  • the upper end 18 of this receptacle 2 is open and has an internal rim 19 which fits on the periphery of the upper edge 20 (fig 9) of the two enclosures 6 and 7 joined to one another.
  • This upper opening is intended to allow the placement of speakers 1, 2.
  • the “V” housing 17 of the receptacle 3 is provided with a recess 21 comprising two openings 22 which allow the passage of the tubes 4, 5 of the U-shaped structures so that the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 of these structures come to be housed at height of these openings 22.
  • the two valves 14 are located outside and in the immediate vicinity of the enclosures 6, 7 and the receptacle 3, the sealed connection of the enclosure to the pockets being for example obtained by clamps 23 (see FIG. 8 ).
  • the receptacle 3 also has two openings 24 for the passage of the end pieces 6 7 of the belts 6, 7.
  • purge devices 25 are provided arranged at the level of the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 of each U-shaped structure, that is to say outside of the enclosures 6, 7 and at proximity of the valves 14 opposite the pockets 1 and 2 relative to these valves. This arrangement allows, by turning the heart, to place the purge devices above the enclosure 3 in order to allow the evacuation of the air.

Abstract

Artificial heart comprising two flexible pockets (1) constituting the ventricular cavities of the heart arranged inside more rigidly-walled chambers with means for injecting a fluid at the heart beat rate between the pockets and their chambers, each flexible pocket (1) forming one of the branches of a U-shaped structure, the other branch (4) of which, located outside the external chamber, is constituted by a tube.

Description

"Coeur artificiel". "Artificial heart".
Le coeur artificiel de l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il se compose de deux poches sou¬ ples constituant les cavités ventriculaires du coeur, ces poches étant disposées à l'intérieur d'enceintes externes à paroi plus rigide, des moyens étant prévus pour injecter un fluide, au rythme du battement cardiaque, entre les poches et leurs enceintes, chaque poche souple formant l'une des branches d'une structu¬ re en U dont l'autre branche, située à l'extérieur de l'enceinte externe, est constituée par un tube.The artificial heart of the invention is characterized in that it consists of two flexible pockets constituting the ventricular cavities of the heart, these pockets being arranged inside external enclosures with a more rigid wall, means being provided to inject a fluid, at the rhythm of the heartbeat, between the pockets and their enclosures, each flexible pouch forming one of the branches of a U-shaped structure, the other branch of which is located outside the enclosure external, consists of a tube.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de 1'in¬ vention, les deux enceintes contenant les poches sont assemblées l'une contre l'autre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the two enclosures containing the pockets are assembled one against the other.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'in¬ vention, les deux enceintes contenant les poches sont réunies à l'intérieur d'un même réceptacle.According to another characteristic of the invention, the two enclosures containing the pockets are joined together inside the same receptacle.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de 1'in¬ vention, le réceptacle et/ou les deux enceintes et les poches qu'elles reçoivent sont de formes et dimensions générales similaires.According to another characteristic of the invention, the receptacle and / or the two enclosures and the pockets which they receive are of similar general shapes and dimensions.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'in¬ vention, chaque poche souple comporte deux valves dis¬ posées aux deux extrémités opposées de chaque poche, l'une à la base de la structure en U, l'autre à l'ex- trémité opposée de la branche correspondante de la structure en U, ces deux clapets anti-retour étant situés à l'extérieur et à proximité de l'enceinte externe correspondante. Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'in¬ vention, les deux structures en U, les enceintes et le réceptacle sont conformés de façon que lorsque les enceintes sont disposées de manière jouxtante à l'in¬ térieur du réceptacle, les deux tubes constituant chacun l'une des branches des deux structures en U, sont disposés sensiblement l'un derrière l'autre dans le plan de jointoiement des deux poches.According to another characteristic of the invention, each flexible bag has two valves placed at the two opposite ends of each bag, one at the base of the U-shaped structure, the other at the ex- opposite end of the corresponding branch of the U-shaped structure, these two non-return valves being located outside and close to the corresponding external enclosure. According to another characteristic of the invention, the two U-shaped structures, the enclosures and the receptacle are shaped so that when the enclosures are arranged adjacent to the interior of the receptacle, the two tubes each constituting the 'one of the branches of the two U-shaped structures are arranged substantially one behind the other in the plane of jointing of the two pockets.
L'invention est représentée à titre d'exem¬ ple non limitatif sur les dessins ci-joints dans lesquels :The invention is shown by way of nonlimiting example in the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue latérale d'une poche ventriculaire du coeur de l'invention,FIG. 1 is a side view of a ventricular pocket of the heart of the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue opposée de la poche de la figure 1, ~ la figure 3 est une coupe suivant A-A de la figure 1, la figure 4 est une vue latérale de l'en¬ ceinte à paroi plus rigide,FIG. 2 is an opposite view of the pouch in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a section along A-A in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a side view of the enclosure with a more rigid wall,
- la figure 5 est une vue arrière de la figure 4,FIG. 5 is a rear view of FIG. 4,
- la figure 6 est une coupe suivant B-B de la figure 4,FIG. 6 is a section along B-B in FIG. 4,
- la figure 7 est une vue en perspective du réceptacle du coeur artificiel, - les figures 8 et 9 sont respectivement des vues de dessous et de dessus du coeur artificiel,- Figure 7 is a perspective view of the receptacle of the artificial heart, - Figures 8 and 9 are respectively views from below and from above of the artificial heart,
- la figure 10 est une vue latérale du coeur artificiel des figures 8 et 9,FIG. 10 is a side view of the artificial heart of FIGS. 8 and 9,
- la figure 11 est une vue de droite de la figure 10, - la figure 12 est une vue arrière de la figure 10,FIG. 11 is a view from the right of FIG. 10, FIG. 12 is a rear view of FIG. 10,
- la figure 13 est une vue de.gauche de la figure 10. La présente invention a en conséquence pour but la réalisation d'un coeur artificiel qui apporte une solution aux problèmes essentiels des coeurs artificiels réalisés jusqu'à présent, concernant l'en¬ combrement, le poids et surtout, concernant la cons- truction de ce coeur qui est telle qu'il assure une circulation unidirectionnelle du flux sanguin à l'in¬ térieur des cavités ventriculaires, en réduisant le reflux et en supprimant les zones de stagnation et/ou de turbulence du sang à 1'intérieur de ses cavités. Le coeur conforme à l'invention permet ainsi, pour un volume de cavité déterminé, d'augmenter le volume de sang puisé à chaque battement et donc de réduire la fréquence de ces battements.- Figure 13 is a de.gauche view of Figure 10. The present invention therefore aims to achieve an artificial heart which provides a solution to the essential problems of artificial hearts made so far, concerning the ¬ space, weight and above all, concerning the construction of this heart which is such that it ensures a unidirectional circulation of the blood flow inside the ventricular cavities, reducing reflux and eliminating stagnant areas and / or blood turbulence inside its cavities. The heart according to the invention thus makes it possible, for a determined volume of cavity, to increase the volume of blood drawn at each beat and therefore to reduce the frequency of these beats.
Ce coeur artificiel se compose de deux poches souples 1 et 2 de construction similaire, dont l'une d'entre elles, 1, est représentée sur les figu¬ res 1, 2 et 3. Chacune de ces poches est disposée à l'intérieur d'une enceinte en matériau plus rigide 6, respectivement 7 (voir figure 9). Un fluide moteur, par exemple de l'air, est destiné à être introduit dans ces enceintes 6 et 7 afin de comprimer les pou- ches souples et faire circuler le sang qu'elles con¬ tiennent.This artificial heart is composed of two flexible pockets 1 and 2 of similar construction, one of which, 1, is shown in the figures 1, 2 and 3. Each of these pockets is arranged inside of an enclosure made of more rigid material 6, respectively 7 (see FIG. 9). A working fluid, for example air, is intended to be introduced into these chambers 6 and 7 in order to compress the flexible pouches and circulate the blood which they contain.
Ces deux enceintes 6, 7 indépendantes, contenant chacune une poche 1 et 2 peuvent, dans cer¬ taines circonstances, être raccordées à l'aorte, à l'artère pulmonaire et à la partie subsistante du myocarde du patient sans être réunies. Les enceintes 6, 7 normalement destinées à être réunies, soit par collage, soit par leur insertion dans un réceptacle commun 3 (voir notamment figure 7) peuvent être in¬ stallées de manière indépendante.These two independent chambers 6, 7, each containing a pocket 1 and 2 can, in certain circumstances, be connected to the aorta, the pulmonary artery and the remaining part of the patient's myocardium without being joined together. The enclosures 6, 7 normally intended to be joined, either by gluing, or by their insertion in a receptacle common 3 (see in particular Figure 7) can be in¬ stalled independently.
Chaque poche souple 1, 2, forme l'une des branches d'une structure en ϋ dont l'autre branche, située à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 6, 7, est consti¬ tuée par un tube souple 4, respectivement 5.Each flexible pocket 1, 2, forms one of the branches of a en structure, the other branch of which, located outside the enclosure 6, 7, is formed by a flexible tube 4, respectively 5 .
L'extrémité ouverte 4ι, 5, de ce tube est destinée à être raccordée soit à l'aorte, soit à l'artère pulmonaire du patient, alors que l'extrémité supérieure ouverte l respectivement 2, de l'autre branche de la structure en ϋ constituée par la pocheThe open end 4ι, 5, of this tube is intended to be connected either to the aorta or to the pulmonary artery of the patient, while the upper open end l respectively 2, of the other branch of the structure in ϋ constituted by the pocket
I, 2, est destinée à être raccordée à la partie subsistante des oreillettes du patient. Ces extrémitésI, 2, is intended to be connected to the remaining part of the patient's atria. These ends
II, 2 _ présentent à cet effet une embouchure évasée de raccordement (voir figures 1 et 2).I I , 2 _ have a flared connection mouth for this purpose (see Figures 1 and 2).
Cette disposition des deux poches indépen¬ dantes faisant partie intégrante des structures en U, permet de faciliter le raccordement du coeur et de créer un écoulement favorable du sang. Les tubes 4 et 5 sont reliés aux poches correspondantes 1 et 2 à la base 42/ 52 de ces struc¬ tures en ϋ.This arrangement of the two independent pockets forming an integral part of the U-shaped structures makes it possible to facilitate the connection of the heart and to create a favorable flow of blood. The tubes 4 and 5 are connected to the corresponding pockets 1 and 2 to the base 4 2/5 2 such struc¬ tures in ϋ.
Chaque poche 1 ou 2 ainsi que les enceintes qui les reçoivent, sont disposées de manière jouxtante dans le réceptacle 3 suivant le plan de jointoiement 8. Ces poches sont de construction sensiblement symé¬ trique par rapport à ce plan de jointoiement et présentent une paroi 8^ qui est inclinée par rapport à ce plan 8 de façon que les deux poches 1 et 2, juxta- posées, délimitent entre elles un logement en "V" 82 à l'intérieur duquel viennent se loger partiellement et l'un derrière l'autre dans le plan de jointoiement 8, les tubes 4 et 5 reliés, dans leur structure en ϋ, respectivement aux poches 1 et 2. Une telle disposition se remarque notamment sur la figure 9.Each pocket 1 or 2, as well as the enclosures which receive them, are arranged adjoining in the receptacle 3 along the jointing plane 8. These pockets are of substantially symmetrical construction with respect to this jointing plane and have a wall 8 ^ which is inclined relative to this plane 8 so that the two pockets 1 and 2, juxtaposed, delimit between them a "V" shaped housing 8 2 inside of which are partially housed and one behind the 'other in the jointing plane 8, the tubes 4 and 5 connected, in their structure in ϋ, respectively to the pockets 1 and 2. Such an arrangement is noted in particular in figure 9.
Chaque poche présente également (voir figure 1) un décrochement 12 à la base de la paroi inclinée 8> à hauteur du coude 42 respectivement 52. Chaque poche souple 1 et 2 présente en outre des déformations locales concaves qui sont destinées à favoriser le déplacement de la paroi de cette poche lors de chaque battement cardiaque, afin que le volume de cette poche devienne pratiquement nul lors des com- pressions de la poche puis reprenne normalement sa forme initiale correspondant au volume maximum de la poche sans que la paroi de cette poche soit mis sous tension.Each pocket also has (see FIG. 1) a step 1 2 at the base of the inclined wall 8> at the level of the elbow 4 2 respectively 5 2 . Each flexible pocket 1 and 2 also has concave local deformations which are intended to favor the displacement of the wall of this pocket during each heartbeat, so that the volume of this pocket becomes practically zero during the compressions of the pocket. then normally resume its initial shape corresponding to the maximum volume of the pocket without the wall of this pocket being energized.
Les déformations élastiques de cette poche sont, de ce fait inexistantes, les volumes maximum et minimum se déduisant uniquement du déplacement des deux parois en regard de la poche souple et cela même si le matériau constituant ces poches peut lui-même être légèrement élastique. Ces déformations locales concaves se divi¬ sent, suivant l'exemple de réalisation des figures 1, 2 et 3, en deux catégories, à savoir d'une part des déformations locales transversales à la structure en U, d'autre part des déformations longitudinales. Ainsi, sur les figures 1, 2 et 3, la poche 1 comporte une déformation locale concave 10 établie transversalement à la structure en U sur tout le tour de la périphérie de la poche 1.The elastic deformations of this pocket are, therefore nonexistent, the maximum and minimum volumes deduced solely from the displacement of the two walls opposite the flexible pocket, even if the material constituting these pockets can itself be slightly elastic. These local concave deformations are divided, according to the embodiment of Figures 1, 2 and 3, into two categories, namely on the one hand local deformations transverse to the U-shaped structure, on the other hand longitudinal deformations . Thus, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the pocket 1 comprises a local concave deformation 10 established transversely to the U-shaped structure around the entire circumference of the periphery of the pocket 1.
Egalement, cette poche comporte deux défor- mations locales 11 et 1^ dont l'une 11, est formée sur la paroi des poches 1 et 2 adjacentes l'une de l'autre à hauteur du plan de jointoiement 8.Also, this pocket comprises two local deformations 11 and 1 ^, one of which 11, is formed on the wall of the pockets 1 and 2 adjacent to each other at the height of the jointing plane 8.
L'autre déformation locale 11! est réalisée sur la paroi opposée de la poche. Ces deux déforma- tions locales 11 et 11, se coupant avec la déformation périphérique 10, sont décalées l'une de l'autre d'une distance 12, la déformation 1^ étant plus proche du tube 4, 5 que la déformation 11 de façon que le dépla¬ cement des parois opposées de la poche amène, lors de chaque battement, ces deux parois au contact l'une de l'autre suivant la ligne 13 (voir figure 3) afin que le volume de cette poche puisse devenir pratiquement nul.The other local deformation 11 ! is made on the opposite wall of the pocket. These two local deformations 11 and 11, intersecting with the deformation peripheral 10, are offset from each other by a distance 12, the deformation 1 ^ being closer to the tube 4, 5 than the deformation 11 so that the displacement of the opposite walls of the pocket leads, when of each beat, these two walls in contact with each other along line 13 (see Figure 3) so that the volume of this pocket can become practically zero.
Chaque poche comporte deux clapets anti- retour dont l'un, 14, est situé à la base de la poche 1 ou 2 et donc à hauteur des coudes 42, 52 des struc¬ tures en ϋ, l'autre clapet 15 étant situé, sur cette poche, à l'opposé du clapet 14 c'est-à-dire à hauteur de l'extrémité ouverte correspondante 11# 2, de cette branche de la structure en ϋ.Each pocket has two non-return valves, one of which, 14, is situated at the base of the pocket 1 or 2 and therefore at the level of the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 of the en structures, the other valve 15 being located on this pocket, opposite the valve 14 that is to say at the height of the corresponding open end 1 1 # 2, of this branch of the structure in ϋ.
Chaque poche 1 et 2 est disposée à l'inté¬ rieur d'une enceinte 6, 7 (voir figures 4, 5 et 11), à paroi plus rigide, qui est d'une forme adaptée à celle de la poche 1, 2 qu'elle contient. Ces deux enceintes 6/ 7 sont de forme symétrique par rapport à leur plan de jointoiement 8. Elles sont pourvues d'une ouverture supérieure 6 7 _ s'adaptant de manière étanche sur les ouvertures supérieures l1f 2, des poches qui reçoivent elles-mêmes les valves 15 ainsi que d'une ouverture inférieure 62, 72 s'adaptant de manière étanche contre la base des poches 1, 2, à hauteur des coudes 42, 52 comportant les valves 14. Ces enceintes à paroi plus rigide que les poches, présentent une pa¬ roi courbe 63, une paroi plane opposée 64 formant le plan de jointoiement 8 et une paroi inclinée 65 correspondant à la paroi 8, des poches. On y retrouve également le décrochement 6, correspondant au décro¬ chement 12 de la base des poches 1, 2. Chaque enceinte comporte également sur sa face courbe un embout 67 destiné à être raccordé à une source de fluide sous pression pour assurer la compression de la poche interne 1, 2.Each pocket 1 and 2 is arranged inside an enclosure 6, 7 (see FIGS. 4, 5 and 11), with a more rigid wall, which is of a shape adapted to that of the pocket 1, 2 it contains. These two speakers 6/7 are symmetrically shaped relative to their jointing plane 8. They are fitted with an upper opening 6 _ 7 adapting sealingly on the upper openings 1f 2, pockets receiving them- same the valves 15 as well as a lower opening 6 2 , 7 2 sealingly fitting against the base of the pockets 1, 2, at the level of the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 comprising the valves 14. These more walled enclosures rigid as the pockets, have a curved pa¬ king 6 3 , an opposite plane wall 6 4 forming the jointing plane 8 and an inclined wall 6 5 corresponding to the wall 8, pockets. There is also the recess 6, corresponding to the detachment 1 2 from the base of the pockets 1, 2. Each enclosure also has on its curved face a nozzle 6 7 intended to be connected to a source of fluid under pressure to ensure compression of the internal pocket 1, 2.
Ces enceintes 6, 7 recevant les poches 1, 2 sont, comme représenté sur les figures de 8 à 13, logées à l'intérieur d'un réceptacle 3 reproduisant de manière générale la forme et les dimensions d'un coeur. Ce réceptacle est de forme générale circulaire, vue dans un plan 16 (figure 7) transversal aux deux structures en U. Cette forme générale circulaire présente cependant un logement en "V" 17 correspondant au logement en V 82 délimité par les deux parois inclinées 65 des enceintes 6 et 7. Ce logement en "V" 17 reçoit ainsi les deux tubes 4 et 5 des structures en U dont les poches 1, 2 sont placées à l'intérieur des enceintes.These enclosures 6, 7 receiving the pockets 1, 2 are, as shown in the figures from 8 to 13, housed inside a receptacle 3 generally reproducing the shape and dimensions of a heart. This receptacle is of generally circular shape, seen in a plane 16 (FIG. 7) transverse to the two U-shaped structures. This generally circular shape however has a "V" shaped housing 17 corresponding to the V shaped housing 2 delimited by the two inclined walls 6 5 of the enclosures 6 and 7. This "V" housing 17 thus receives the two tubes 4 and 5 of the U-shaped structures whose pockets 1, 2 are placed inside the enclosures.
L'extrémité supérieure 18 de ce réceptacle 2 est ouvert et présente un rebord interne 19 qui s'adapte sur la périphérie du bord supérieur 20 (figu¬ re 9) des deux enceintes 6 et 7 accolées l'une à l'autre.The upper end 18 of this receptacle 2 is open and has an internal rim 19 which fits on the periphery of the upper edge 20 (fig 9) of the two enclosures 6 and 7 joined to one another.
Cette ouverture supérieure est destinée à permettre la mise en place des enceintes 1, 2.This upper opening is intended to allow the placement of speakers 1, 2.
Le logement en "V" 17 du réceptacle 3 est pourvu d'un décrochement 21 comportant deux ouvertures 22 qui permettent le passage des tubes 4, 5 des structures en U afin que les coudes 42, 52 de ces structures vienne se loger à hauteur de ces ouvertures 22.The “V” housing 17 of the receptacle 3 is provided with a recess 21 comprising two openings 22 which allow the passage of the tubes 4, 5 of the U-shaped structures so that the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 of these structures come to be housed at height of these openings 22.
Dans cette disposition, les deux clapets 14 sont situés à l'extérieur et à proximité immédiate des enceintes 6, 7 et du réceptacle 3, le raccordement étanche de l'enceinte sur les poches étant par exemple obtenu par des colliers 23 (voir figure 8).In this arrangement, the two valves 14 are located outside and in the immediate vicinity of the enclosures 6, 7 and the receptacle 3, the sealed connection of the enclosure to the pockets being for example obtained by clamps 23 (see FIG. 8 ).
Le réceptacle 3 comporte également deux ouvertures 24 pour le passage des embouts 67 des en- ceintes 6, 7.The receptacle 3 also has two openings 24 for the passage of the end pieces 6 7 of the belts 6, 7.
Avant que le coeur soit mis en fonctionne¬ ment, il convient d'évacuer la totalité de l'air qui pourrait se trouver à l'intérieur des poches 1 et 2 et des tubes 4 et 5.Before the heart is put into operation, all of the air which could be inside the bags 1 and 2 and the tubes 4 and 5 must be removed.
A cet effet, il est prévu des dispositifs de purge 25 disposés à hauteur des coudes 42, 52 de cha¬ que structure en U, c'est-à-dire à l'extérieur des en¬ ceintes 6, 7 et à proximité des clapets 14 à l'opposé des poches 1 et 2 par rapport à ces clapets. Cette disposition permet, en retournant le coeur, de placer les dispositifs de purge au-dessus de l'enceinte 3 afin de permettre l'évacuation de l'air. For this purpose, purge devices 25 are provided arranged at the level of the elbows 4 2 , 5 2 of each U-shaped structure, that is to say outside of the enclosures 6, 7 and at proximity of the valves 14 opposite the pockets 1 and 2 relative to these valves. This arrangement allows, by turning the heart, to place the purge devices above the enclosure 3 in order to allow the evacuation of the air.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Coeur artificiel caractérisé, en ce qu'il se compose de deux poches souples (1 et 2) constituant les cavités ventriculaires du coeur, ces poches étant disposées à l'intérieur d'enceintes externes (6, 7) à paroi plus rigide, des moyens étant prévus pour injec¬ ter un fluide, au rythme du battement cardiaque, entre les poches et leurs enceintes, chaque poche souple (1, 2) formant l'une des branches d'une structure en U dont l'autre branche (4, 5), située à l'extérieur de l'enceinte externe, est constituée par un tube.1) characterized artificial heart, in that it consists of two flexible pockets (1 and 2) constituting the ventricular cavities of the heart, these pockets being arranged inside external enclosures (6, 7) with a more rigid wall , means being provided for injecting a fluid, at the rhythm of the heartbeat, between the pockets and their enclosures, each flexible pocket (1, 2) forming one of the branches of a U-shaped structure, the other branch of which (4, 5), located outside the external enclosure, is constituted by a tube.
2) Coeur artificiel conforme à la revendica¬ tion 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux enceintes (6, 7) contenant les poches (1, 2) sont assemblées l'une contre l'autre.2) Artificial heart according to CLAIM 1, characterized in that the two enclosures (6, 7) containing the pockets (1, 2) are assembled one against the other.
3) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel¬ conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux enceintes contenant les poches sont réunies à 1'intérieur d'un même réceptacle (3) . 4) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel¬ conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le réceptacle et/ou les deux enceintes (6, 7) et les poches (1, 2) qu'elles reçoivent sont de formes et dimensions générales similaires. 5) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel¬ conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en •ce que chaque poche souple (1, 2) comporte deux valves (14, 15) disposées aux deux extrémités opposées de chaque poche, l'une (14) à la base de la structure en U, l'autre (15) à l'extrémité opposée de la branche correspondante (l1f 2,) de la structure en U, ces deux clapets anti-retour étant situés à l'extérieur et à proximité de l'enceinte externe correspondante.3) Artificial heart according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two enclosures containing the pockets are joined together inside the same receptacle (3). 4) Artificial heart according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receptacle and / or the two enclosures (6, 7) and the pockets (1, 2) which they receive are of shapes and dimensions similar general. 5) Artificial heart according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each flexible pocket (1, 2) comprises two valves (14, 15) arranged at the two opposite ends of each pocket, one ( 14) at the base of the U-shaped structure, the other (15) at the opposite end of the corresponding branch (l 1f 2,) of the U- shaped structure, these two check valves being located outside and near the corresponding external enclosure.
6) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel- conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux structures en ϋ, les enceintes (6, 7) et le réceptacle (3) sont conformés de façon que lors¬ que les enceintes (6, 7) sont disposées de manière jouxtante à l'intérieur du réceptacle (3), les deux tubes (4, 5) constituant chacun l'une des branches des deux structures en U, sont disposés sensiblement l'un derrière l'autre dans le plan de jointoiement des deux poches.6) Artificial heart according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two en structures, the enclosures (6, 7) and the receptacle (3) are shaped so that when the enclosures (6, 7) are arranged adjacent to one another inside the receptacle (3) , the two tubes (4, 5) each constituting one of the branches of the two U-shaped structures, are arranged substantially one behind the other in the plane of jointing of the two pockets.
7) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel- conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque structure en U comporte un dispositif de purge (25) situé à sa base, à l'extérieur de l'encein¬ te correspondante (6, 7) à proximité de la valve inférieure (14) de la poche et à l'opposé de cette poche (1, 2) par rapport à cette valve.7) Artificial heart according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each U-shaped structure includes a purge device (25) located at its base, outside the corresponding enclosure (6 , 7) near the lower valve (14) of the pocket and opposite this pocket (1, 2) relative to this valve.
8) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel¬ conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux enceintes (6, 7) lorsqu'elles sont juxtaposées, définissent ensemble, par un de leurs bords (8), un logement en V (8 dans lequel se logent, au moins partiellement, les branches tubulai- res (4, 5) des structures en U.8) Artificial heart according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two enclosures (6, 7) when they are juxtaposed, define together, by one of their edges (8), a V-shaped housing (8 in which are housed, at least partially, the tubular branches (4, 5) of the U-shaped structures.
9) Coeur artificiel conforme à la revendica¬ tion 7, caractérisé en ce que le bord (8) des encein- tes, définissant ensemble le logement en V (17) présente un décrochement (21) à hauteur de la base des structures en ϋ, la valve correspondante (14) de cha¬ que poche étant située à hauteur de ce décrochement.9) Artificial heart according to claim 7, characterized in that the edge (8) of the enclosures, together defining the V-shaped housing (17) has a recess (21) at the level of the base of the en structures , the corresponding valve (14) of each pocket being located at the height of this recess.
10) Coeur artificiel conforme à l'une quel- conque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi des poches souples (1 et 2) présente localement des déformations concaves (4, 10, 11, llι)-10) Artificial heart according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall of the flexible pockets (1 and 2) locally has concave deformations (4, 10, 11, llι) -
11) Coeur artificiel conforme à la revendi¬ cation 8, caractérisé en ce que les déformations concaves des poches comprennent une déformation conca- ve (10) orientée transversalement à la structure en U. 12) Coeur artificiel conforme à la revendi¬ cation 9, caractérisé en ce que les déformations concaves des poches comprennent deux déformations locales orientées dans le sens longitudinal de la branche correspondante de la structure en U, l'une (11) de ces déformations est réalisée sur la face de la poche adjacente au plan de jointoiement (8) des deux enceintes, l'autre déformation (11 est réalisée sur la face opposée de la poche en étant décalée (en 12) vers l'autre branche (4, 5) de la structure en U. 11) Artificial heart in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that the concave deformations of the pockets include a concave deformation ve (10) oriented transversely to the U-shaped structure. 12) Artificial core conforming to claim 9, characterized in that the concave deformations of the pockets include two local deformations oriented in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding branch of the structure in U, one (11) of these deformations is produced on the face of the pocket adjacent to the jointing plane (8) of the two enclosures, the other deformation (11 is produced on the opposite face of the pocket while being offset ( in 12) towards the other branch (4, 5) of the U-shaped structure.
PCT/FR1991/000239 1990-03-26 1991-03-26 Artificial heart WO1991014464A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR90/03819 1990-03-26
FR9003819A FR2659855B1 (en) 1990-03-26 1990-03-26 ARTIFICIAL HEART.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991014464A1 true WO1991014464A1 (en) 1991-10-03

Family

ID=9395101

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR1991/000239 WO1991014464A1 (en) 1990-03-26 1991-03-26 Artificial heart

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7561191A (en)
FR (1) FR2659855B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991014464A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3860968A (en) * 1969-11-20 1975-01-21 Max Shapiro Compact, implantable apparatus for pumping blood to sustain blood circulation in a living body
FR2603487A1 (en) * 1986-09-09 1988-03-11 Biomasys Sa COUPLABLE HEART RATE MODULES
FR2606283A1 (en) * 1986-11-07 1988-05-13 Guilmet Daniel Artificial heart
US4902291A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-02-20 University Of Utah Research Foundation Collapsible artificial ventricle and pumping shell

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3860968A (en) * 1969-11-20 1975-01-21 Max Shapiro Compact, implantable apparatus for pumping blood to sustain blood circulation in a living body
FR2603487A1 (en) * 1986-09-09 1988-03-11 Biomasys Sa COUPLABLE HEART RATE MODULES
FR2606283A1 (en) * 1986-11-07 1988-05-13 Guilmet Daniel Artificial heart
US4902291A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-02-20 University Of Utah Research Foundation Collapsible artificial ventricle and pumping shell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2659855B1 (en) 1992-07-24
AU7561191A (en) 1991-10-21
FR2659855A1 (en) 1991-09-27

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