WO1992001922A1 - POSTCOMBUSTION GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND PROCESS WITH NOx CONVERSION - Google Patents

POSTCOMBUSTION GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND PROCESS WITH NOx CONVERSION Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992001922A1
WO1992001922A1 PCT/US1991/005091 US9105091W WO9201922A1 WO 1992001922 A1 WO1992001922 A1 WO 1992001922A1 US 9105091 W US9105091 W US 9105091W WO 9201922 A1 WO9201922 A1 WO 9201922A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fecal material
gas
station
remove
postcombustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/005091
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
R. Edward Burton
Original Assignee
RAMOS-THIBAULT CORP., d/b/a ADVANCED MANUFACTURING AND DEVELOPMENT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RAMOS-THIBAULT CORP., d/b/a ADVANCED MANUFACTURING AND DEVELOPMENT filed Critical RAMOS-THIBAULT CORP., d/b/a ADVANCED MANUFACTURING AND DEVELOPMENT
Publication of WO1992001922A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992001922A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Abstract

A postcombustion gas containing NOx emissions is passed through a bed of fecal material (27) adapted to convert NOx to NO3 to remove the NOx from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material (27) and thereby produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen. The gas is then passed through a carbon filter (44) to remove volatile organic compounds and condensed to remove water of combustion.

Description

POSTCOMBUSTION GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND PROCESS WITH NOχ CONVERSION
This invention pertains generally to the treatment of gases produced by combustion and, more particularly, to a system and process for the treatment of postcombustion gases in which NOx is converted to useful nitrates.
In internal combustion engines and other types of combustion processes, nitrogen and oxygen combine to produce oxides of nitrogen, some of which are of major concern from the standpoint of air pollution and smog. The pollutants include nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (N02) and are commonly referred to as NOχ.
Heretofore, various techniques have been employed for removing N0X from exhaust gases. U.S. Patent 4,212,853, for example, describes the use of urea and a halide as a catalyst in this process. U.S. Patent 3,887,683 describes a chemical process in which N0X is converted to elemental N2 with vanadium or another catalyst. Each of these techniques has certain limitations and disadvantages. It is in general an object of the invention to provide a new and improved system and process for the treatment of postcombustion gases.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system and process of the above character which overcome the limitations and disadvantages of techniques heretofore employed in the treatment of postcombustion gases.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system and process of the above character in which N0χ is converted to useful nitrates.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system and process of the above character which removes N0χ from the gas and produces a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen.
These and other objects are achieved in accordance with the invention by passing a postcombustion gas containing N0χ emissions through a bed of fecal material adapted to convert N0X to N03 to remove the N0X from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material and thereby produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen, passing the gas through a carbon filter after it passes through the fecal material to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas, and condensing the gas after it passes through the carbon filter to remove water of combustion from the gas.
The single figure of drawing is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a system for the treatment of postcombustion gases in accordance with the invention.
As illustrated in the drawing, the system includes a plurality of modular containers 11-15 which are transported to and from processing stations 16, 17 by a conveyor 18. On the conveyor, the containers are spaced apart by a distance corresponding to the distance between the stations, with blocks 19 maintaining proper alignment and spacing between the containers. The conveyor advances in steps corresponding to the distance between the stations, moving each successive container first to station 17, then to station 16.
Each of the containers has a cylindrical side wall 21, a circular bottom wall 22 and is open at the top. A screen 23 is spaced above the bottom wall, and a plenum chamber 24 is formed between the bottom wall and the screen. A standpipe 26 extends vertically near the side wall and communicates with the plenum chamber.
Each of the containers holds a filter media 27 which is adapted to convert N0χ to N03 or other useful nitrates. A particularly preferred media is horse manure, although any suitable fecal material or other media can be used.
Processing station 16 includes a cover 29 which is movable between raised and lowered positions relative to the container at the station. In the lowered position, the cover mates with the upper portion of the container and serves as a closure for the container. In the raised position, the cover is clear of the container so that it will not interfere with the movement of the container on the conveyor. An inlet pipe 31 is attached to the cover and mates with the upper end of the standpipe in the container when the cover is in the lowered position.
Processing station 17 has a cover 32 similar to cover 29 which serves as a removable closure for the container at that station. A pipe 33 extends between the two covers and mates with the upper end of the standpipe in the container at station 17 when the covers are in the lowered position for conveying gases from the container at station 16 to the container at station 17.
A water line 36 is connected to nozzles 37, 38 on the under sides of covers 29, 32 for introducing water into the containers to cool the media and accommodate the reaction which converts N0χ to useful nitrates. In one presently preferred embodiment, with a horse manure media, the moisture content of the media is maintained at a level on the order of 30 percent by weight.
A discharge line 39 extends from cover 32 to a carbon filter 41 which removes volatile organic compounds from the gas, and a N0X sensor 42 monitors the gas in the discharge line to insure that it contains no more than an acceptable level of residual N0X emissions. In the embodiment illustrated, the carbon filter comprises a housing 43 with a bed of charcoal 44 resting on a screen 46, with a plenum chamber 47 beneath the screen and the discharge line from station 17 communicating with the plenum chamber.
A discharge line 48 extends from the carbon filter to a condenser 49 which removes any water of combustion from the gas. The condenser has cooling coils 51, an upper outlet line 52 for air and a lower outlet line 53 for water, with a reservoir 54 for collecting the water from line 53.
Operation and use of the system, and therein the method of the invention, are as follows. The exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, or other gas to be treated is fed through inlet pipe 31 to the container at processing station 16. The gas flows through standpipe
26 to plenum chamber 24 and passes in an upward direction through screen 23 and filter media 27. As the gas passes through the horse manure filter media, the N0χ in the gas is converted to NO3 and other useful nitrates, increasing the nitrate level in the horse manure to produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen. Particulates in the gas are also removed as the gas passes through the filter media.
After passing through the filter bed at station 16, the gas passes through line 33 to station 17 where it is passed through a second stage of treatment similar to the first stage. Any remaining N0X and particulates are removed by the horse manure at this station, and the nitrate level of the manure is increased in the process.
Water is periodically introduced through nozzles 37, 38 to cool the filter media and maintain a suitable moisture content, e.g. 30 percent by weight, in the media.
The gas emerging from stage 17 is largely free of N0X and particulates, and it could be discharged to the atmosphere. However, it may still contain volatile organic compounds, and it is therefore passed in an upward direction through the charcoal bed in filter 41 which removes these compounds. From filter 41, the gas passes through condenser 49 which removes water of combustion and any other liquids from the gas. The treated gas is discharged through outlet line 52, and the condensate is collected in reservoir 54. The gas discharged from outlet line 52 is dehumidified and should meet all discharge requirements. The water collected' in reservoir 54 is demineralized and is well suited for use as boiler make-up water.
When N0X is detected in the gas emerging from stage 17, the conveyor is actuated to move the container module from stage 17 to stage 16 and to deliver a new module to stage 17. When these modules have absorbed enough N0χ that N0χ is once again detected in the output of stage 17, the conveyor is once again actuated to move the modules, and the process is repeated. During each cycle of the process, the partially enriched media at station 16 serves as the primary filter, and the fresh media at station 17 provides the final filtering.
A lift truck (not shown) removes the containers from the conveyor after they have passed through stations 17 and 16. The enriched media is dumped out of the containers, and the containers are filled with fresh media and returned to the input side of the conveyor.
The invention has a number of important features and advantages. It provides a simple and effective way of reducing the N0X content of a postcombustion gas and at the same time producing a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen. In one actual installation, a single module as described above was connected to the exhaust outlet of a diesel generating plant. The total N0χ was measured as going from 600 parts per million (ppm) to less than
90 ppm, with the nitrate level of the horse manure utilized as the filter media in the system increasing from about 0.6 percent to about 2.4 percent. Similar results have been measured for the off gas from a plasma centrifugal reactor, where the total NOχ went from 5,000 ppm to less than 100 ppm.
It is apparent from the foregoing that a new and improved system and process for the treatment of postcombustion gases have been provided. While only certain presently preferred embodiments have been described in detail, as will be apparent to those familiar with the art, certain changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A system for the treatment of postcombustion gases, comprising a bed of fecal material adapted to convert NOχ to N03, means for passing a postcombustion gas containing NOχ emissions through the fecal material to remove the N0χ from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material to produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen, means for discharging the gas which passes through the fecal material, and means for collecting the fertilizer.
2. The system of Claim 1 wherein the fecal material is horse manure.
3. The system of Claim 1 including means for introducing water into the fecal material to maintain a moisture content of about 30 percent by weight in the fecal material.
4. The system of Claim 1 including a carbon filter, and means for passing the gas discharged from the fecal material through the carbon filter to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas.
5. The system of Claim 1 including means for condensing the gas discharged from the fecal material to remove water of combustion from the gas.
6. A process for the treatment of postcombustion gases, comprising the steps of: passing a postcombustion gas containing N0X emissions through a bed of fecal material adapted to convert NOx to NO3 to remove the N0X from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material to produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen, discharging the gas which passes through the fecal material, and collecting the fertilizer.
7. The process of Claim 6 including the step of introducing water into the fecal material to maintain a moisture content of about 30 percent by weight in the fecal material.
8. The process of Claim 6 including the step of passing the gas discharged from the fecal material through the carbon filter to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas.
9. The process of Claim 6 including the step of condensing the gas discharged from the fecal material to remove water of combustion from the gas.
10. A system for the treatment of postcombustion gases, comprising a bed of fecal material adapted to convert NOx to N03, means for passing a postcombustion gas containing NOχ emissions through the fecal material to remove the NOχ from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material, a carbon filter, means for passing the gas through the carbon filter after it passes through the fecal material to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas, and means for condensing the gas after it passes through the carbon filter to remove water of combustion from the gas.
11. The system of Claim 10 wherein the fecal material is horse manure.
12. The system of Claim 10 including means for introducing water into the fecal material to maintain a moisture content of about 30 percent by weight in the fecal material.
13. A process for the treatment of postcombustion gases, comprising the steps of: passing a postcombustion gas containing NOχ emissions through a bed of fecal material adapted to convert N0X to N03 to remove the NOx from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material, passing the gas through a carbon filter after it passes through the fecal material to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas, and condensing the gas after it passes through the carbon filter to remove water of combustion from the gas.
14. The process of Claim 13 including means for introducing water into the fecal material to maintain a moisture content of about 30 percent by weight in t *» fecal material.
15. A system for the treatment of postcombustion gases: a plurality of beds of fecal material adapted to convert N0X to N03, conveyor means for moving the beds of fecal material successively to first and second processing stations, means at the first processing station for introducing a postcombustion gas containing N0X emissions through the fecal material to remove the N0X from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material at the first station to produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen, means for delivering the gas which passes through the fecal material at the first station to the second station, means at the second station for passing the gas from the first station through the fecal material at the second station to remove additional NOx from the gas and to increase the nitrate level in the fecal material at the second station, and means for actuating the conveyor means to move remove the bed of fecal material from the first station, to move the bed of fecal material from the second station to the first station and to deliver a new bed of fecal material to the second station.
16. The system of Claim 15 wherein the fecal material is horse manure.
17. The system of Claim 15 including means for introducing water into the fecal material at the first and second stations to maintain a moisture content of about 30 percent by weight in the fecal material.
18. The system of Claim 15 including a carbon filter, and means for passing the gas discharged from the fecal material at the second station through the carbon filter to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas.
19. The system of Claim 15 including means for condensing the gas discharged from the fecal material at the second station to remove water of combustion from the gas.
20. A process for the treatment of postcombustion gases, comprising the steps of: passing a postcombustion gas containing N0X emissions through a bed of fecal material adapted to convert N0X to N03 at a first processing station to remove the N0X from the gas and raise the nitrate level in the fecal material to produce a fertilizer which is rich in nitrogen, delivering the gas which passes through the fecal material at the first station to a second processing station, passing the gas from the first station through the fecal material at the second station to remove additional N0χ from the gas and to increase the nitrate level in the fecal material at the second station, and removing the bed of fecal material from the first station, moving the bed of fecal material from the second station to the first station, and delivering a new bed of fecal material to the second station.
21. The process of Claim 20 including the step of introducing water into the fecal material at the first and second stations to maintain a moisture content of about 30 percent by weight in the fecal material.
22. The process of Claim 20 including the step of passing the gas discharged from the fecal material at the second station through a carbon filter to remove volatile organic compounds from the gas.
23. The process of Claim 20 including the steps of condensing the gas discharged from the fecal material at the second station to remove water of combustion from the gas.
PCT/US1991/005091 1990-07-24 1991-07-24 POSTCOMBUSTION GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND PROCESS WITH NOx CONVERSION WO1992001922A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55736590A 1990-07-24 1990-07-24
US557,365 1990-07-24

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WO1992001922A1 true WO1992001922A1 (en) 1992-02-06

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994006539A1 (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-31 Rotron Incorporated Biofilter with modular trays
NO20181378A1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-27 N2 Applied As Low pressure plasma reactor loop process and system
NO20181376A1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-27 N2 Applied As Nitrogen enrichment of organic fertilizer with nitrate and air plasma

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4161426A (en) * 1975-12-23 1979-07-17 Gebruder Weiss Kg Apparatus for removing gaseous impurities
US4249929A (en) * 1972-10-25 1981-02-10 Franz Kneer Method of digesting organic wastes
US4414335A (en) * 1981-12-23 1983-11-08 Paygro, Inc. Composting system with movable process cars
US4499614A (en) * 1978-09-07 1985-02-19 Yeagley Henry L Organic waste bioconverter and method
US4504290A (en) * 1984-06-14 1985-03-12 Columbus Industries, Inc. Odor filter media

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4249929A (en) * 1972-10-25 1981-02-10 Franz Kneer Method of digesting organic wastes
US4161426A (en) * 1975-12-23 1979-07-17 Gebruder Weiss Kg Apparatus for removing gaseous impurities
US4499614A (en) * 1978-09-07 1985-02-19 Yeagley Henry L Organic waste bioconverter and method
US4414335A (en) * 1981-12-23 1983-11-08 Paygro, Inc. Composting system with movable process cars
US4504290A (en) * 1984-06-14 1985-03-12 Columbus Industries, Inc. Odor filter media

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994006539A1 (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-31 Rotron Incorporated Biofilter with modular trays
US5595910A (en) * 1992-09-16 1997-01-21 Rotron Incorporated Biofilter with modular trays
NO20181378A1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-27 N2 Applied As Low pressure plasma reactor loop process and system
NO20181376A1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-27 N2 Applied As Nitrogen enrichment of organic fertilizer with nitrate and air plasma
NO345195B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-11-02 N2 Applied As Nitrogen enrichment of organic fertilizer with nitrate and air plasma
NO345196B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-11-02 N2 Applied As Low pressure plasma reactor loop process and system
US11517848B2 (en) 2018-10-25 2022-12-06 N2 Applied As Nitrogen enrichment of organic fertilizer with nitrate and air plasma

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8391291A (en) 1992-02-18

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