WO1993007000A1 - Ink-jet printer - Google Patents
Ink-jet printer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993007000A1 WO1993007000A1 PCT/NL1991/000190 NL9100190W WO9307000A1 WO 1993007000 A1 WO1993007000 A1 WO 1993007000A1 NL 9100190 W NL9100190 W NL 9100190W WO 9307000 A1 WO9307000 A1 WO 9307000A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- image
- moving member
- jet
- substrate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/0057—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material where an intermediate transfer member receives the ink before transferring it on the printing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to printing
- the substrate may be heated so as to fix
- 26 object of the present invention to provide multi-color ink-
- the ink-jet printing head is ⁇ - 34 operated in the conventional manner to form the desired ⁇ 35 image, but instead of the image being formed directly on
- Interposing the intermediate member affords the possibility of using conventional water- based, non-viscous inks for the initial image formation, and then evaporating a desired amount of the water solvent while the image is still on the intermediate member, prior to final transfer to the substrate. Heating the water-based and waxy inks allows for good transfer without excessive heating of the substrate, reducing power requirements of the system. Interposing the intermediate member also affords the possibility of applying resins or binders onto the image prior to final transfer, thereby enhancing the fixing of the ink image and its adhesion to the substrate.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference is now made to Fig. 1 which provides a schematic representation of ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- an electronic imaging control assembly 8 which comprises a microprocessor and other standard user operated hardware and software as are known in the art.
- Control assembly 8 is connected to an ink-jet assembly 10 which includes an ink-jet printing head, liquid ink and other ink-jet apparatus as are known in the art.
- a drum 12 Slightly spaced from ink-jet assembly 10 is a drum 12 having a surface 14 which may be rigid but which preferably is comprised of a resilient polymeric material.
- Surface 14 is preferably coated with a non-sticking layer, such as silicone, silicone rubber or teflon which is abhesive to the ink.
- drum 12 rotates in the direction of arrow 13, and control assembly 8 is operative to provide appropriate control commands to ink- jet assembly 10 so as to cause ink-jet assembly 10 to eject droplets of ink in the direction of surface 14 such that the drops of ink adhere to surface 14 in a desired image configuration.
- surface 14 may be heated by means of an internal heater 16, or by means of a blower (not shown) .
- Heater 16 is operative to evaporate a substantial portion of the liquid carrier of the ink in solvent based inks, so as to prevent "wicking" of the image when it is transferred to the final substrate, as described below.
- drum 12 continues to rotate and the surface bearing the ink image is brought into contact with a final substrate 18, such as a web or a sheet of paper, which is fed into a nip 19 between drum 12 and an impression roller 20.
- a final substrate 18 such as a web or a sheet of paper
- impression roller 20 is preferably rigid.
- impression roller 20 should have a slightly resilient surface. It will be appreciated that as a result of the application of pressure at nip 19 between the two surfaces, the ink image is transferred to final substrate 18 from the non-stick surface 14 as the substrate is fed through the nip.
- the inventor has discovered that the specific configuration of ink-jet printing apparatus described above produces an image on the final substrate superior to that produced by the conventional ink-jet apparatus known in the art. Because the ink image is first produced on surface 14 of drum 12 and only then transferred to the final substrate, the ink-jet apparatus of the present invention effectively prevents "wicking" of the solvent based liquid ink when the image is transferred to the final substrate. Heating of surface 14 causes a substantial portion of the liquid solvent to be evaporated prior to final transfer. such that a very clean, concentrated image is transferred. As a consequence, it is also unnecessary to heat the final substrate so as to fix and dry the image after transfer thereto. It will also be appreciated that the apparatus of the present invention affords not only single color printing of images but also multi-color printing of images.
- ink-jet assembly 10 includes several ink-jet sub-assemblies, one for each of the process colors as is known in the art, and each such sub-assembly is connected to control assembly 8.
- drum 12 rotates, each of the sub-assemblies is operative to deposit an image of a single color on surface 14.
- the use of drum 12 as an intermediate member facilitates a much more precise registration of the colored images than direct printing on paper, thereby providing a significantly sharper color image on the final substrate.
- Fig. 2 shows ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- the apparatus of Fig. 2 is similar to that of Fig.
- a squeegee roller 24 which engages surface 14 of drum 12.
- a binder resin preferably a polymeric binder with or without solvent.
- the binder resin in space 26 is replenished by a dispenser assembly 28.
- Squeegee roller 24 rotates in the direction opposite that of drum 12, as shown by arrow 25, and is operative to cause a controlled thin layer of the binder resin to be coated on surface 14 prior to the deposition of the ink image thereon by ink-jet assembly 10.
- the binder resin acts to improve the fixing of the ink image when the image is transferred to the final substrate.
- the polymer binder is chosen to be reactive either with the ink dye and/or with the final substrate so as to improve the adhesion of the image to the substrate and to protect the image.
- squeegee roller 24 may be replaced by a squeegee blade or other coating apparatus.
- a large number of materials are useful as polymer binders in the present invention, the choice being made on the basis of the characteristics of the ink, the substrate and the transfer member. Examples of suitable materials are marketed by Monsanto under the trade name Scripset. It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above in conjunction with the drawings. Rather, the invention is limited only by the claims which follow:
Abstract
An ink-jet or bubble jet system (10) in which the ink is sprayed on an intermediate member (12) and transferred therefrom to the final substrate (18). The member is preferably heated (16) to evaporate a substantial portion of the carrier liquid of the ink so as to reduce wicking in the final substrate (18). In one embodiment of the printer a layer of resin is deposited on the surface (14) of the member (12) before the deposition of the image. This layer is transferred to the substrate with the image and protects the image and optionally improves its bonding to the substrate (18).
Description
1 INK-JET PRINTER
2 FIELD OP THE INVENTION
3 The present invention relates generally to printing
4 apparatus and more particularly to ink-jet printing 5 apparatus. 6 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
*- 7 Ink-jet and bubble-jet printers are known in the art.
8 In such printers, droplets of hot wax-based ink or ink in a
9 water-based solvent are ejected in image forming
10 configuration from a print-head onto a sheet of paper or
11 other substrate. The substrate may be heated so as to fix
12 the image on the substrate by evaporation of the water
13 solvent or melting of the waxy ink. However, the images
14 formed by such printers are often blurred somewhat, as a
15 result of the "wicking" of the ink into the paper, due to
16 flow of the water-based solvent or melted waxy ink.
17 Attempts to correct this problem by increasing the
18 viscosity of the ink have not been particularly successful,
19 since the ink-jet process does not work well with viscous 20 ink.
21 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
22 It is the object of the present invention to provide
23 ink-jet printing apparatus which produces a sharp and
24 unblurred image on a substrate such as paper using
25 conventional water-based or waxy ink. It is a further
26 object of the present invention to provide multi-color ink-
27 jet printing apparatus in which very precise registration
28 of the color images is obtained. The present invention
29 accomplishes these objects by interposing an intermediate
30 member between the ink-jet head and the substrate, such
31 that the functions of image-formation and image-transfer
32 are separated into two distinct stages.
33 In the first stage, the ink-jet printing head is ψ- 34 operated in the conventional manner to form the desired ψ 35 image, but instead of the image being formed directly on
36 the substrate, it is formed on the surface of the
37 intermediate member. In the second stage, the image is
38 transferred from the surface of the intermediate member to
the desired final substrate. Interposing the intermediate member affords the possibility of using conventional water- based, non-viscous inks for the initial image formation, and then evaporating a desired amount of the water solvent while the image is still on the intermediate member, prior to final transfer to the substrate. Heating the water-based and waxy inks allows for good transfer without excessive heating of the substrate, reducing power requirements of the system. Interposing the intermediate member also affords the possibility of applying resins or binders onto the image prior to final transfer, thereby enhancing the fixing of the ink image and its adhesion to the substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be better understood and appreciated from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference is now made to Fig. 1 which provides a schematic representation of ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Included in the apparatus of Fig. 1 is an electronic imaging control assembly 8 which comprises a microprocessor and other standard user operated hardware and software as are known in the art. Control assembly 8 is connected to an ink-jet assembly 10 which includes an ink-jet printing head, liquid ink and other ink-jet apparatus as are known in the art. Slightly spaced from ink-jet assembly 10 is a drum 12 having a surface 14 which may be rigid but which preferably is comprised of a resilient polymeric material. Surface 14 is preferably coated with a non-sticking layer, such as silicone, silicone rubber or teflon which is
abhesive to the ink. When the apparatus is in operation, drum 12 rotates in the direction of arrow 13, and control assembly 8 is operative to provide appropriate control commands to ink- jet assembly 10 so as to cause ink-jet assembly 10 to eject droplets of ink in the direction of surface 14 such that the drops of ink adhere to surface 14 in a desired image configuration. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, surface 14 may be heated by means of an internal heater 16, or by means of a blower (not shown) . Heater 16 is operative to evaporate a substantial portion of the liquid carrier of the ink in solvent based inks, so as to prevent "wicking" of the image when it is transferred to the final substrate, as described below. After the ink image has been deposited on surface 14, drum 12 continues to rotate and the surface bearing the ink image is brought into contact with a final substrate 18, such as a web or a sheet of paper, which is fed into a nip 19 between drum 12 and an impression roller 20. If surface 14 is slightly resilient, impression roller 20 is preferably rigid. However, if surface 14 is solid, impression roller 20 should have a slightly resilient surface. It will be appreciated that as a result of the application of pressure at nip 19 between the two surfaces, the ink image is transferred to final substrate 18 from the non-stick surface 14 as the substrate is fed through the nip. The inventor has discovered that the specific configuration of ink-jet printing apparatus described above produces an image on the final substrate superior to that produced by the conventional ink-jet apparatus known in the art. Because the ink image is first produced on surface 14 of drum 12 and only then transferred to the final substrate, the ink-jet apparatus of the present invention effectively prevents "wicking" of the solvent based liquid ink when the image is transferred to the final substrate. Heating of surface 14 causes a substantial portion of the liquid solvent to be evaporated prior to final transfer.
such that a very clean, concentrated image is transferred. As a consequence, it is also unnecessary to heat the final substrate so as to fix and dry the image after transfer thereto. It will also be appreciated that the apparatus of the present invention affords not only single color printing of images but also multi-color printing of images. For multi- color image printing, ink-jet assembly 10 includes several ink-jet sub-assemblies, one for each of the process colors as is known in the art, and each such sub-assembly is connected to control assembly 8. As drum 12 rotates, each of the sub-assemblies is operative to deposit an image of a single color on surface 14. The use of drum 12 as an intermediate member facilitates a much more precise registration of the colored images than direct printing on paper, thereby providing a significantly sharper color image on the final substrate. Reference is now made to Fig. 2 which shows ink-jet printing apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus of Fig. 2 is similar to that of Fig. 1 except that upstream of ink-jet assembly 10 there is provided a squeegee roller 24 which engages surface 14 of drum 12. In a space 26, between squeegee roller 24 and drum 12, is a quantity of a binder resin, preferably a polymeric binder with or without solvent. The binder resin in space 26 is replenished by a dispenser assembly 28. Squeegee roller 24 rotates in the direction opposite that of drum 12, as shown by arrow 25, and is operative to cause a controlled thin layer of the binder resin to be coated on surface 14 prior to the deposition of the ink image thereon by ink-jet assembly 10. The binder resin acts to improve the fixing of the ink image when the image is transferred to the final substrate. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer binder is chosen to be reactive either with the ink dye and/or with the final substrate so as to improve the adhesion of the image to the substrate and to protect the image. In an alternative embodiment, squeegee roller 24 may be replaced
by a squeegee blade or other coating apparatus. A large number of materials are useful as polymer binders in the present invention, the choice being made on the basis of the characteristics of the ink, the substrate and the transfer member. Examples of suitable materials are marketed by Monsanto under the trade name Scripset. It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above in conjunction with the drawings. Rather, the invention is limited only by the claims which follow:
Claims
CLAIMS 1. Apparatus for printing an image on a substrate, the apparatus comprising: a moving member; jet means for producing an ink image on the surface of the moving member by spraying droplets of ink in an image pattern on the surface of the moving member; and image transfer means for transferring the ink image from the surface of the moving member to the substrate.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the ink comprises a colored dye and a carrier material.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 and further comprising heating means for heating the surface of the moving member.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the heating means is a hot-air blower.
5. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the heating means is operative to evaporate a substantial portion of the carrier material.
6. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the moving member has a surface of resilient material.
7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the moving member has a surface abhesive to the ink.
8. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the image transfer means includes means for transferring the ink image to the substrate under heat and pressure.
9. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims and further comprising coating means for depositing a layer of resin on the surface of the moving member prior to the production of an ink image thereon.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the coating means comprises a squeegee roller.
11. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the coating means comprises a squeegee blade.
12. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the jet means comprises an ink-jet apparatus.
13. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the jet means comprises a bubble-jet apparatus.
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 03 August 1992 (03.08.92): original claims 1-13 replaced by amended claims 1-12
(2 pages)] 1. Apparatus for printing an image on a substrate, the apparatus comprising: a moving member; means for heating the moving member; jet means for producing an ink image on the surface of the moving member by spraying droplets of ink in an image pattern on the surface of the moving member; and image transfer means for transferring the ink image from the surface of the moving member to the substrate.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the ink comprises a colored dye and a carrier material.
3. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the heating means is a hot-air blower.
4. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the heating means is operative to evaporate a substantial portion of the carrier material.
5. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the moving member has a surface of resilient material.
6. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the moving member has a surface abhesive to the ink.
7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the image transfer means includes means for transferring the ink image to the substrate under heat and pressure.
8. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims and further comprising coating means for depositing a layer of resin on the surface of the moving member prior to the production of an ink image thereon.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the coating means comprises a squeegee roller.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the coating means comprises a squeegee blade.
11. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the jet means comprises an ink-jet apparatus.
12. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the jet means comprises a bubble-jet apparatus.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91918087A EP0606203A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Ink-jet printer |
| JP3516930A JPH07508226A (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | inkjet printing machine |
| CA002120602A CA2120602A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Ink-jet printer |
| PCT/NL1991/000190 WO1993007000A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Ink-jet printer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002120602A CA2120602A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Ink-jet printer |
| PCT/NL1991/000190 WO1993007000A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Ink-jet printer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993007000A1 true WO1993007000A1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
Family
ID=25677165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL1991/000190 WO1993007000A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Ink-jet printer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1993007000A1 (en) |
Cited By (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0583168A2 (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method and device for ink jet recording |
| EP0601531A1 (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-06-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Ink jet printer |
| EP0635369A2 (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-25 | Tektronix, Inc. | Intermediate transfer surface application system |
| DE4327212A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-16 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Process and apparatus for the ink transfer in the printing unit of an offset printing machine |
| EP0938974A3 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2000-02-23 | Tektronix, Inc. | Phase change ink printing architecture suitable for high speed imaging |
| US6506438B2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2003-01-14 | E Ink Corporation | Method for printing of transistor arrays on plastic substrates |
| US6513909B1 (en) | 1996-09-26 | 2003-02-04 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for moving ink drops using an electric field and transfuse printing system using the same |
| DE102012019953A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Indirect application of hydraulic fluid on substrate, comprises applying water-based hydraulic fluid comprising water-miscible solvent on intermediate support, heating fluid to evaporate water component, and transferring fluid to substrate |
| WO2014005823A1 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-09 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Method and device for providing a substrate with an imprint and with a transfer coating, and finished substrate |
| US9005494B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2015-04-14 | E Ink Corporation | Preparation of capsules |
| US9186884B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2015-11-17 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Control apparatus and method for a digital printing system |
| US9290016B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2016-03-22 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Printing system |
| US9381736B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2016-07-05 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Digital printing process |
| US9517618B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2016-12-13 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Endless flexible belt for a printing system |
| US9568862B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2017-02-14 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Digital printing system |
| US9688079B2 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2017-06-27 | Xerox Corporation | System and method for image receiving surface treatment in an indirect inkjet printer |
| US9884479B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2018-02-06 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Apparatus and method for control or monitoring a printing system |
| US9914316B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2018-03-13 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Printing system |
| US10016972B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2018-07-10 | Xerox Corporation | Coating for aqueous inkjet transfer |
| US10179447B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2019-01-15 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Digital printing system |
| US10226920B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2019-03-12 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Apparatus for threading an intermediate transfer member of a printing system |
| US10266711B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2019-04-23 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Ink film constructions |
| US10300690B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2019-05-28 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Ink film constructions |
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| US10759953B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2020-09-01 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Ink formulations and film constructions thereof |
| US10889128B2 (en) | 2016-05-30 | 2021-01-12 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Intermediate transfer member |
| US10926532B2 (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2021-02-23 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Endless flexible belt for a printing system |
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| US11707943B2 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2023-07-25 | Landa Corporation Ltd. | Method and apparatus for digital printing |
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Cited By (56)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0583168A3 (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-11-02 | Seiko Epson Corp | Method and device for ink jet recording. |
| EP0583168A2 (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method and device for ink jet recording |
| US6059407A (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 2000-05-09 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method and device for ink jet recording |
| US5448276A (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1995-09-05 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Ink jet printer |
| EP0601531A1 (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-06-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Ink jet printer |
| EP0635369A2 (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-25 | Tektronix, Inc. | Intermediate transfer surface application system |
| EP0635369A3 (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-06-14 | Tektronix Inc | Intermediate transfer surface application system. |
| DE4327212A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-16 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Process and apparatus for the ink transfer in the printing unit of an offset printing machine |
| US6513909B1 (en) | 1996-09-26 | 2003-02-04 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for moving ink drops using an electric field and transfuse printing system using the same |
| EP0938974A3 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2000-02-23 | Tektronix, Inc. | Phase change ink printing architecture suitable for high speed imaging |
| US6113231A (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2000-09-05 | Xerox Corporation | Phase change ink printing architecture suitable for high speed imaging |
| US6506438B2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2003-01-14 | E Ink Corporation | Method for printing of transistor arrays on plastic substrates |
| US9005494B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2015-04-14 | E Ink Corporation | Preparation of capsules |
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