WO1993016661A1 - Bone cement having chemically joined reinforcing fillers - Google Patents
Bone cement having chemically joined reinforcing fillers Download PDFInfo
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- WO1993016661A1 WO1993016661A1 PCT/US1993/000056 US9300056W WO9316661A1 WO 1993016661 A1 WO1993016661 A1 WO 1993016661A1 US 9300056 W US9300056 W US 9300056W WO 9316661 A1 WO9316661 A1 WO 9316661A1
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- orthopaedic
- composition
- orthopaedic composition
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/30965—Reinforcing the prosthesis by embedding particles or fibres during moulding or dipping
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
- A61L24/0047—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L24/0073—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material with a macromolecular matrix
- A61L24/0094—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material with a macromolecular matrix containing macromolecular fillers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
- A61L24/04—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
- A61L24/06—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
- A61F2002/3008—Properties of materials and coating materials radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2002/4631—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor the prosthesis being specially adapted for being cemented
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0096—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
- A61F2250/0098—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
Definitions
- This invention relates to improved polymeric orthopaedic compositions such as particulate powders, continuous media for bone cements, finished bone cements and orthopaedic implant coatings which are characterized by an amount of physiologically acceptable polymeric matrix with sized fibers dispersed in the matrix such that the sizing layer on the fibers is chemically joined to the surface of the fibers and to the matrix material.
- sized radiopaque particles can also be added to the orthopaedic compositions.
- the orthopaedic implantation of artificial femoral heads i.e., the ball of the hip joint
- this procedure achieved some degree of success in that it increased the mobility of certain patients suffering from hip joint deterioration or mal ⁇ function, the procedure had many shortcomings.
- the principal problem encountered was traced to loosening of the implant in a relatively few years, thus compromising the patient's mobility and oftentimes causing significant pain.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- the PMMA mortar material served to fill all of the spaces between the stem of the implant and the surrounding bone.
- PMMA grouting agent could be forced into the tiny interstices of the porous bone. This resulted in a mechanical lock of the 5 grout agent to the bone.
- Another advantage of the PMMA system was the fact that mobilization of the patient following implantation could be accomplished at an earlier date following surgery, and the functional lifetime of the implant was greatly enhanced.
- the fibers have a layer of sizing thereover which are chemically joined to the surface of the fibers, and also to the surrounding matrix.
- the fibers are broadly present in such orthopaedic compo- sitions at a level of at lest 6 volume percent, and have an average length of from about 1 ⁇ to about 2 cm.
- Pre ⁇ ferred fibers are selected from the group consisting of polyaramids, polyesters, polyalkenes and polyamids.
- the matrix phase is advantageously selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted acrylate, most particularly polymethylmethacr late.
- sizing agents can be employed, particularly those from the group consisting of ethyl silane, methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacrylate, ethylene, propylene and methane _
- the fibers are initially sized with MMA using glow discharge polymerization, whereupon the fibers are dispersed in liquid MMA monomer subjected to addition polymerization.
- the resulting bulk material is then reduced to a powder.
- Fabrication of a bone cement involves placing the previously prepared powder in MMA monomer also having a quantity of previously sized reinforcing fibers therein, followed by polymerization of the monomer. This creates a continuous polymeric medium with the fiber-reinforced powder particles dispersed therein.
- implant coatings are similar, except that such coatings generally do not contain the particulate powder fraction. Rather, these coatings comprise a continuous polymeric phase (e.g., PMMA) having previously sized reinforcing fibers therein.
- PMMA polymeric phase
- the coatings are adapted for application and chemical joinder to the outer surface of a rigid implant, in such fashion that the reinforcing fibers thereof extend outwardly from the coating surface.
- a complete implant installation system is made up of a previously coated implant together with a bone cement.
- a precoated orthopaedic implant is inserted into a previously reamed and cement-filled bone cavity.
- the sized fibers reinforcing both the continuous media and the cement and the continuous phase of the coating, and the fibers protruding from the reinforcing cement particles, extend across the coating/bone cement interface to enhance the bonding and chemical joinder between the coating and cement. The implant is thus firmly held in place.
- Figure 1 is a schematic, greatly enlarged cross- sectional view of a part of a sized fiber forming a part of a reinforced orthopaedic composition
- Fig. 2 is a greatly enlarged, schematic cross- sectional representation of a PMMA powder particle with reinforcing fibers within the particle and especially adapted for incorporation in a bone cement composition, with the way in which certain of the fibers protrude through the outer surface of the particle being illus ⁇ trated;
- Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged, schematic cross- sectional representation of a reinforced bone cement containing the particulate powder of the invention dis ⁇ persed in a continuous medium along with radiopaque particles;
- Fig. 4 is a greatly enlarged, schematic fragmen ⁇ tary cross-sectional view showing a rigid implant with a sized fiber reinforced PMMA coating thereover, and with the coated implant imbedded in a quantity of bone cement of the type depicted in Fig. 3, and further showing the interface between the implant coating and bone cement; and
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged, schematic, fragmentary cross-sectional representation of a rigid implant in a bone cavity and illustrating the way in which bone cement is used to firmly affix the implant to the interstices of the bone.
- a key principle of the present invention resides in the provision of a multiple-use orthopaedic composition broadly including an amount of a physiologically accept ⁇ able polymeric matrix material with a quantity of sized fibers dispersed in the matrix material.
- Such an ortho ⁇ paedic composition can be fabricated as a particulate powder 10 adapted for placement in a continuous medium 12 to form a bone cement 14; as a continuous fluid medium 12 useful in a bone cement context; or as a coating 16 for application to an orthopaedic appliance 18.
- the orthopaedic compositions of the invention include fibers 20 having a layer of sizing material 22 thereover which is chemically joined to the surface of the fibers, with the sizing material on the fibers also being chemically joined to the matrix.
- the fibers are present in the orthopaedic compositions at a level of at least about 6 volume percent and have an average length of from about 1 ⁇ m to about 2 cm.
- the sizing material may be directly joined to the fibers, or use can be made of a coupling agent different from the matrix, such as a silane.
- the fibers are advan- tageously polymeric and are formed of a relatively high strength polymer of intermediate stiffness.
- the orthopaedic compositions may be fabricated as powders especially adapted for use in bone cements.
- the particles of the powder would have an average size of from about 5 to 100 ⁇ m, and are broadly made up of the polymeric matrix and sized fibers.
- the fibers are of polymeric character and are selected from the group consisting of aramids, polyesters, polyalkenes and polyamids.
- the fibers should have a diameter of from about 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably at least certain of the fibers should have a diameter of from about 2-15 ⁇ m.
- the length of the fibers is variable, depending upon desired end use.
- fibers having a stiffness (defined as the.product of the tensile elastic modulus of the fibers and the area moment of inertia of the fibers) of from about 1.0 x 10 '13 to 150 x 10 "13 Nm 2 , and more preferably from about 10 x 10 "13 to 75 x 10 "13 Nm 2 .
- the room temperature fatigue strength of the fibers should be at least about 7 NPa at 10 6 cycles, more preferably at least about 30 NPa at 10 6 cycles.
- the fibers should be present at a level of from about 6-70 volume percent, most preferably about 50 volume percent.
- the matrix component is advantageously a substi ⁇ tuted or unsubstituted acrylate, especially polymethyl- methacrylate having a viscosity average molecular weight of not less than about 1 x 10 5 g./mole.
- the fibers forming a component of the particles should be sized.
- the sizing agent is normally selected from the group consisting of ethyl silane, methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacr late, ethylene, propylene and methane.
- the most preferred sizing agents are the acrylates, specifically methylmethacrylate.
- a radiopaque agent 24 may be added to the particulate powder, and in such a case the radi ⁇ opaque agent would have sizing material chemically joined thereto.
- the preferred radiopaque agent is zirconium dioxide, present at a level between 1-15% by weight of the powder. Barium sulfate is also acceptable.
- the radi- opaque powder desirably has a diameter of about 1 ⁇ m, although other sizes may be used.
- the sizing material is first chemically joined to the polymeric fibers.
- the technique to accomplish this is normally selected from the group consisting of glow discharge induced reaction, ultraviolet induced reaction, free-radical induced reac ⁇ tion, and catalytic reaction.
- the preferred technique is glow discharge induced reaction.
- the properly sized polymeric fibers are introduced into a reaction vessel which is then evacuated to a level of from about 0.13 to 13 Pa to degas the fibers.
- a flowing stream of sizing agent is then introduced into the evacuated reaction vessel and maintained at a pressure of from about 1.3 to 133 Pa. Best results are obtained if the sizing agent pressure in the reaction vessel is maintained at a level of from about 7-35 Pa.
- Methylmethacrylate in the gaseous state is the preferred sizing agent.
- the fibers in the reaction vessel are suitably agitated, as by rotation or shaking of the vessel, to assure exposure of all fiber surfaces to the sizing agent.
- a high frequency electro ⁇ magnetic field such as is created by a microwave unit, is then applied to the contents of the vessel. It is pre- ferred that the field have a frequency of up to about 100 MHz (more preferably from about 5-15 MHz) at a power level of at least about 20 .
- This treatment of the fibers in the presence of the sizing agent causes glow discharge polymerization of the sizing agent on the surfaces of the fibers.
- the time of exposure is variable dependent upon the quantity of fibers being processed and the surface area and density thereof.
- 30 minutes of exposure time is appropriate, for a 0.05 kg quantity of fibers having a diameter of about 10 ⁇ m and a density of about 1 g./cm 3 .
- Proper equivalent exposure times may be employed for other quantities and types of fibers. Sizing of the fibers with MMA using glow dis ⁇ charge polymerization causes the MMA molecules to become chemically joined to the surface molecules of the poly- meric fibers.
- the fibers may be mixed with matrix.
- the fibers are initially mixed with monomer, and the mixture subjected to polymerization.
- polymerization may be accomplished using conven ⁇ tional addition polymerization techniques.
- the MMA may be caused to polymerize by addition of a suitable amount of an initiator such as benzoyl peroxide.
- an initiator such as benzoyl peroxide.
- Polymerization of the MMA in the presence of the sized fibers causes the MMA during such polymerization to chemically join with the sizing on the fibers and thus produce a strong chemical coupling of the resultant polymethylmethacrylate to the aerylate sizing on the fibers.
- the penultimate step in preparation of the particulate powder involves reducing the bulk reinforced polymer to the desired particle size.
- the powder should have an average particle size of from about 5-100 ⁇ m. A proportion of very fine powder, less than 0.1 ⁇ m, is also desirable.
- the powdered material is produced by milling relatively large pieces of the sized fiber reinforced polymer. Mixing or grinding of the polymer has the advantage that some of the ends of the reinforcing fibers are exposed during fracturing of the bulk polymer as schematically depicted in Fig. 2. Reducing the temper ⁇ ature during milling to 0°C or less facilitates brittle fracture of the bulk polymer and exposure of fiber ends.
- the fiber reinforced powder made up of particles such as illustrated in Fig.
- sized fibers which may constitute from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the mixture.
- a radiopaque agent it may also be combined with the powder and additional sized fibers. Best results are obtained if the radiopaque agent is also sized using glow discharge polymerization and a sizing agent of the same type as used for sizing the polymeric fibers. Thus, if MMA is used to size the fibers, MMA should also be used to size the radiopaque agent. Bulk polymer reduction and the addition of extra fiber serves to create final powder particles having reinforcing fibers extending through and at least partially out of the particles, as shown in Fig. 2. Fibers of this type are important in the production of bone cements, as will be described.
- the same fibers described with reference to the particu- late powder may be employed.
- the fiber content of such media will generally be lower than the fiber content of the powder, i.e., the media should contain from about 6-20 volume percent of sized fibers.
- the length of the fibers may be greater, with a length of up to about 5 mm having been found to be suitable.
- the polymeric matrix fraction of the continuous medium is the same as that used in connection with the powders, although there will be correspondingly a greater proportion of matrix present in the continuous media, as compared ⁇ _Lth the particulate powder product.
- sizing materials and sizing techniques described previously are also used in the creation of the continuous media products of the invention. If radiopaque agents are to be used in the continuous media, the same considerations, techniques and ingredients previously detailed, are used.
- Bone Cement A complete bone cement may be prepared by the mixture of a particulate powder (including fibers extend ⁇ ing partially out of the particles) and continuous medium made in accordance with the invention.
- the final cement should contain from about 55-80% by weight powder, with the balance being continuous medium.
- the final bone cement and continuous medium are created simultaneously by the mixing of a precursor monomer to constitute the continuous medium, with the appropriate quantity of previously prepared powder.
- the appropriate quantity of MMA monomer may be mixed with the particulate powder, with the MMA then being subjected to final polymerization.
- small amounts of additives may be used to promote room temperature polymerization.
- Exemplary additives are accelerators (e.g., N,N-dimethyl paratoluid- ine) , initiators (e.g., benzoyl peroxide) and stabilizers (e.g., hydroquinone) .
- the mixture and polymer ⁇ ization of precursor monomer and powder is done just prior to use of the cement for attachment of an orthopaedic implant.
- the liquid precursor monomeric material contacts the polymerized matrix of the particles, thereby solubilizing at least a part of the surfaces of the particles, so that there is intermixing of the precursor monomer undergoing polymerization to form the continuous medium, with the previously polymerized matrix.
- This intermixing contrib ⁇ utes to the stability and strength of the bone cement, and increases the functional life thereof.
- the proportion of fibers in the complete bone cement, and the ratio of particulate powder to continuous medium influence the viscosity of the cement. According ⁇ ly, these parameters may be adjusted within the ranges described so as to achieve the proper viscosity required for ease of use in a surgical context. In many cases, it is desirable to effect mixing of the cement components in a vacuum mixer, or to use other precautions to minimize bubble entrapment. The full strengthening effect of the sized reinforced fibers is best realized when the size and number of entrapped bubbles are reduced to a minimum.
- the resulting bone cement thus comprises fiber- reinforced continuous medium of physiologically acceptable polymeric material, with particulate powder dispersed therein and made up of polymeric matrix and reinforcing fibers extending through and at least partially out of the particles.
- the polymeric material of the continuous medium is chemically joined at the particle/continuous medium interface 24a with both the reinforcing fibers thereof and the fibers extending from the powder particles to create a cement of enhanced strength.
- radiopaque agents are employed in the particles and/or continuous medium, such would also of course be present in the final cement.
- the parameters discussed above pertaining to fibers, sizing agents and matrices apply to the finished bone cement as well.
- the fundamental orthopaedic compositions of the invention can also be modified to obtain coatings adapted for direct application to an orthopaedic appliance or implant, such as a metallic or polymeric prosthetic hip implant.
- coatings include a physiologically acceptable polymeric continuous phase with sized reinforcing fibers dispersed in the continuous phase. When such coatings are applied over the outer surfaces of an implant or appliance, the coatings are chemically joined with the surface, thereby maximizing the strength of the composite.
- the parameters described above respecting the continuous medium for bone cements are fully applica- ble.
- the continuous phase portion of the coatings are the same as those used in the continuous media for bone cements.
- the fibers are mixed with precursor monomer, and most preferably liquid MMA for polymerization using conventional tech- niques, preferably addition polymerization.
- the MMA may be caused to polymerize through use of an initiator such as benzoyl peroxide.
- the implant may be provided with a roughened surface which enhances adherence of the coating thereto.
- the sizing agent used in preparation of the coating reinforcement may be applied directly to the outer surface of the implant, using the techniques described previously. In this fashion, the sizing agent is chemically joined with the outer surface of the implant and the coating to be applied thereover.
- the coatings may be applied to the implants well prior to actual use thereof.
- the manufactur ⁇ er of a metal or polymeric implant may coat its implant product at the time of fabrication, and the coated ortho ⁇ paedic device may then be shelved until needed.
- the outer surface of the coating may be etched with MMA monomer or other suitable etchant, either in liquid or vapor form. From about 0.1 to 1 mm of the surface of the coating is desirably re ⁇ moved, to expose the ends of sized fibers, so that such fibers will extend across the interface 25 between the implant coating and bone cement.
- the invention ultimately provides a greatly improved system for the permanent implantation of ortho ⁇ paedic devices.
- a system includes the described coating on the surface of the orthopaedic device, together with bone cement serving to contact and adhere to a bone surface while also contacting the implant coating.
- the femoral head is removed by a saw or other equivalent device which produces a smooth cut, thus exposing the spongy bone and marrow cavity within the hard cortical bone.
- the marrow cavity is then reamed to remove spongy bone and marrow to an extent that the rigid, previously coated and etched implant may be inserted into the cavity along with an appropriate quantity of bone cement.
- the preferred bone cement previously described made up of the continuous medium and particulate powder is then injected into the reamed bone cavity to fill the canal with bone cement.
- the rigid, precoated orthopaedic implant is then inserted into the cement-filled bone cavity.
- There is a firm chemical joinder of the coated implant to the bone structure not only because of the presence of the cement initially introduced into the bone cavity, but also by virtue of the fact that the cement has completely filled the interstices of the internal bone structure 26 as is illustrated in Fig. 5.
- the reinforcing fibers in the bone cement are of sufficient flexibility that they do not impede free flow of the cement composi- tion into the small interstices of the bone structure, or bridge openings leading to such interstices, as has occurred with prior fiber-reinforced orthopaedic cements.
- Fig. 4 illustrates an implant disposed within a bone cavity, and held therein by the system of the inven- tion.
- the sized fibers reinforcing both the continuous medium of the cement and the implant coating, as well as the fibers protruding from the particles extend across the coating/bone cement interface 25 to enhance the bonding and chemical joinder between the coating and cement.
- sized fibers and sized radiopaque powders are dry blended, but with unreinforced PMMA powder.
- the blend is then mixed with room temperature precursor MMA (liquid) monomer to yield a bone cement with the coupled radiopac- ifier and reinforcing fibers in the continuous medium only.
- An alternative process for sizing of the fibers includes rotation of the reaction vessel to insure expo ⁇ sure of the fibers to the sizing agent throughout the sizing step.
- the fibers may be agitated by a variety of means including, but not limited to, mechani ⁇ cal, electromagnetic or rheologic processes such as shaking, tumbling, or free fall in a column, electromag ⁇ netic levitation or electrostatic self-repulsion, and the creation of vortices in the flowing (gaseous) coupling agent.
- the powder particles may be prepared by combining fiber incorporation with bead polymerization.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU34333/93A AU664235B2 (en) | 1992-02-20 | 1993-01-06 | Bone cement having chemically joined reinforcing fillers |
EP93902939A EP0626834A1 (en) | 1992-02-20 | 1993-01-06 | Bone cement having chemically joined reinforcing fillers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US83831792A | 1992-02-20 | 1992-02-20 | |
US07/838,317 | 1992-02-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1993016661A1 true WO1993016661A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
Family
ID=25276801
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1993/000056 WO1993016661A1 (en) | 1992-02-20 | 1993-01-06 | Bone cement having chemically joined reinforcing fillers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5336699A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0626834A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU664235B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2129974A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993016661A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO1997032540A1 (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-12 | Ao-Forschungsinstitut Davos | Implant for cementing into bone, method for cementing an implant into bone and package for implant |
WO2007021558A2 (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2007-02-22 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Fiber reinforced composite stents |
EP2371399A1 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | Cadorel, Catherine | Composite part for endosseous implantation and method for manufacturing such a part |
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US6103779A (en) | 1995-04-26 | 2000-08-15 | Reinforced Polmers, Inc. | Method of preparing molding compositions with fiber reinforcement and products obtained therefrom |
US7183334B2 (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 2007-02-27 | Reinforced Polymers, Inc. | Low temperature molding compositions with solid thermoplastic elastomer thickeners and fiber reinforcement |
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US5336699A (en) | 1994-08-09 |
US5476880A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
AU664235B2 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
EP0626834A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
AU3433393A (en) | 1993-09-13 |
CA2129974A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
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