WO1995003738A1 - A fetal sensor device - Google Patents
A fetal sensor device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995003738A1 WO1995003738A1 PCT/US1994/008175 US9408175W WO9503738A1 WO 1995003738 A1 WO1995003738 A1 WO 1995003738A1 US 9408175 W US9408175 W US 9408175W WO 9503738 A1 WO9503738 A1 WO 9503738A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fetus
- sensing
- sensor
- fetal
- probe
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/1464—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters specially adapted for foetal tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/03—Detecting, measuring or recording fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure; Measuring pressure in body tissues or organs
- A61B5/033—Uterine pressure
- A61B5/035—Intra-uterine probes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/283—Invasive
- A61B5/288—Invasive for foetal cardiography, e.g. scalp electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
- A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
- A61B5/4343—Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
- A61B5/4362—Assessing foetal parameters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6879—Means for maintaining contact with the body
- A61B5/6882—Anchoring means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
- A61B2503/02—Foetus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S607/00—Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application
- Y10S607/902—Fetal monitoring other than heart rate
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned generally with a sensor device and method for measuring vital signs of a human fetus and its mother. More particularly, the invention is concerned with a fetal sensor device positionable within the uterus of the mother, with amniotic membranes intact or ruptured, using a probe with a flexible, distal end.
- the flexible, distal end has an independent inclination to assume an outward spiral curvature relative to the fetus, or can wrap around the baby when not in spiral form, allowing easy positioning at a variety of useful fetal locations.
- CTG invasive cardiotocogram
- Conventional apparatus uses invasive probes for monitoring fetal heart rate.
- Such an internal CTG probe penetrates the fetal tissues.
- These invasive probes can lead to infection of the fetus and/or the mother; and the probes are easily dislodged, and currently can measure only R-R intervals of the fetal ECG.
- the CTG method also attempts to predict oxygen saturation of the fetus by indirect examination of fetal heart rate.
- prior art devices are frequently able to perform only a few specific, limited measurements, not being able to monitor fetal wellness in addition to the mother's vital signs.
- conventional fetal sensor devices are difficult to insert into the uterus and require substantial training to safely insert and maintain in an effective data-collection location.
- the conventional methodology of placement in the vicinity of the fetal cranium can measure only poor blood perfusion in the fetal scalp and face, because: (1) The cervix can cause a tourniquet-like effect on the fetal *calp and ce, (2) a hematoma formation under the fetal scalp during labor can in: ere with oxygen saturation and cause lowered readings and, (3) placem---i.it near the cranium can also cause decreased blood flow in the fetal presenting part during labor contractions.
- conventional devices do not make reliable contact with the fetus thereby resulting in a very low percentage of useful data. Such conventional structures also readily allow expulsion of the sensor during labor.
- an object of the invention to provide an improved apparatus and method for monitoring fetal vitality. It is another object of the invention to provide a novel fetal sensor apparatus and method for providing highly reliable data characteristic of fetal health, as well as the mother's health.
- FIGURE 1A illustrates a fetal sensor device constructed in accordance with the invention and FIGURE IB is a cross section taken along IB- IB in FIGURE 1A;
- FIGURE 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a fetus in the mother's uterus with the fetal sensor disposed therein for wellness measurements.
- a fetal sensor device constructed in accordance with the invention is shown generally at 10 in the figures and. more particularly in FIG. 1.
- the fetal sensor device 10 (hereinafter “device 10") includes a housing 11 and a flexible distal end portion 12 with a soft molded tip 13.
- the distal end portion 12 is integrally coupled to the remainder of the device 10.
- the flexible distal end portion 12 and the soft molded tip 13 help minimize the possibility of membrane rupture.
- the device 10 includes a flexible strip 15 (such as spring steel) coated with a smooth surfaced covering 17 (such as a silicone rubber or Teflon).
- the flexible distal end portion 12 enables positioning of the device 10 at any one of a variety of positions within uterus 18 of the mother as shown in FIG. 2
- the distal end portion 12 preferably further includes an independent inclination to assume a spiral curvature outward relative to fetus 16 (curving away therefrom) to assist in easy insertion, positioning and removal of the device 10 from the uterus 18.
- the device 10 can also include a displaceable wire-like element 19 (in phantom in FIG. 1A).
- the wire-like element 19 is fixed at distal point 20 and movable by the clinician at proximal end 22 to assist in establishing the desired curvature for insertion, positioning and removal from the uterus 18.
- the flexible distal end portion 12 can assume a flat position rather than a spiral curvature in order to follow closely the contour of the fetus 16 or the interior of uterus 18 of the mother.
- the device 10 can include preferably one or more of a variety of sensors, such as a pressure sensor 24, an ECG sensor 26, an EEG sensor 28, a temperature sensor 30, an oxygen sensor 32, an ultrasound transducer/sensor 33, a laser diode 39 emitting IR signals with an associated sensor 41 and a chemical sensor 34.
- the device 10 preferably includes a dished shape or transversely concave geometry (see FIG. IB) which allows positioning of sensor cable 35 and the sensors within the protective concave valley to n- ⁇ iimize mechanical interaction with the uterus 18 and the fetus 16. This disk-shaped geometry also allows easy, atraumatic advancement between cervix 42 and the fetus 16.
- the device 10 has a width of about 1-3 centimeters and 25-33 centimeters in length.
- the 1-3 centimeter width dimension helps prevent twisting of the device 10 when being inserted into the uterus 18 or being positioned for use in sensing fetal parameters.
- the 25-35 centimeter length enables positioning of the sensor means along a substantial path length of interest, as well as being able to easily reach a normally remote location within the uterus 18.
- placement of the device 10 well within the uterus 18 avoids a number of problems associated with conventional sensors disposed near the cervix 42 or fetal cranium 46, such as: (a) creation of a tonsure effect (a tourniquet effect caused by the cervix 42), (b) caput which is a hematoma formation under the fetal scalp generated during labor, (c) poor blood perfusion caused by the fetal cranium 46 engaging the cervix 42,
- the pressure sensor 24 can include a balloon type device 25 which can be inflated (see in phantom the balloon device 25 in FIG. 1A) to variable pressures and used with conventional feed back electronics in control unit 38 to maintain a substantially constant pressure of engagement of the device 10 with at least one of the fetus 16 and the uterus 18 of the mother.
- the balloon type device 25 of the pressure sensor 24 can also be used in conjunction with conventional electronics in control unit 38 to directly sense the pressure within the uterus 18. Such pressure readings can provide an indication of the progress of labor.
- the other sensor devices provide important information as to the state of wellness without intrusive probing of the fetus 16. As can be seen by reference to FIG.
- the device 10 can be positioned readily at any time, including prior to rupture of maternal membranes, with minimum risk to the fetus 16 and the mother (not shown). Since monitoring can be performed with intact maternal membranes, it can be useful to know the location of placenta 36 in order to avoid disturbing its fixation to the uterus 18. This can be accomplished by such conventional methods as an ultrasound scan of the mother's abdomen.
- the device 10 itself can also be fitted with an ultrasound device (e.g.. the transducer/sensor 33) to assess the fetal heart or other fetal structures.
- the device 10 can be utilized to allow inflation or deflation of the uterus 18 with fluids passed through channel 37 (see, FIG. IB) to enable selected careful changes of the fetal position.
- the device 10 can be manually inserted within the uterus 18 to a position desired. This can be done, for example, by using one hand to guide the device 10 and the other to push the device 10 between the cervix 42 and that portion of amniotic sac 44 covering the fetal cranium 46. Once a desired insertion path is established, the device 10 is readily advanced while the clinician observes a display (part of the control unit 38) to determine an acceptable plethysmographic signal. The previously described distal end portion 12 assists in establishing a stable position for the device 10, and the position may require adjustment following labor contractions or patient position changes.
- a preferable position is posterior to the fetus 16 known as ausculatory position 48 (shown generally in FIG. 2).
- ausculatory position 48 shown generally in FIG. 2.
- the previously described geometry of the device 10 prevents twisting of the distal end portion 12 which would result in the sensor facing the uterine wall rather than the fetus 16.
- Exact placement of the device 10 can also be determined using ultrasound techniques (such as operating an external ultrasound system or the transducer/sensor 33).
- the device 10 uses the various sensors described hereinbefore to measure fetal heart rate (the ECG sensor 26), oxygen saturation in the fetal blood (the oxygen sensor 32), and differences in fetal versus uterine temperature (the temperature sensor 30) to allow a three-pronged decision tree analysis to assess fetal wellness. If there is uterine-placental-fetal insufficiency, there is usually a rapid rise in fetal temperature since fetal heat loss is facilitated by heat exchange by the well- perfused placenta 36. Performance of oximetry studies can differentiate bet een clinically insignificant marginal heart rate values and significant fetal distress.
- a light source such as the laser diode 39 with accompanying light sensor 41 (see FIG. 1A) can be used to determine the proximity of the device 10 to the tissue of the fetus 16.
- a photon wavelength which is more prone to reflectance from the fetal tissue and also to significant absorption through the tissue, there is an intensity component characteristic of the proximity of engagement of the laser diode 39 and light sensor 41 to the fetal tissue.
- the signal detected by the light sensor 41 When the diode 39 is in contact with the fetal tissue, the signal detected by the light sensor 41 will be quite small. However, as the diode 39 (and the coupled device 10) pull away from the fetal tissue, the light intensity detected by the light sensor 41 will increase substantially. Thus, for purposes of optimizing data collection or insuring reliable monitoring, it would be useful to know the spacing of the device 10 from the fetal tissue. For example, the best quality signal from the oxygen sensor 32 occurs when it is in direct contact with the fetus 16 and has a small amount of positive pressure applied to the monitoring site. Therefore, the measure of oxygen saturation can be optimized by monitoring the positional status or proximity to the fetal tissue of the sensor 32 using the diode 39 and the accompanying light sensor 41.
- the diode 39 and accompanying light sensor 41, or the like can be used to identify and compensate or cancel motion artifacts generated at the monitoring site.
- This compensating function can be achieved in a number of ways.
- the diode 39 can provide monitoring signals indicative of excessive variations in signal level. These monitoring signals can be used to stop calculations of oxygen saturation during periods of motion artifact.
- the oxygen saturation level can be calculated redundantly for several wavelength pairs and averaged to reduce motion artifact errors introduced in the data.
- Another method can involve isolation of two data channels which are least affected by the motion and then carry out calculation of the oxygen saturation value using these two data channels, each being characteristic of two different light wavelengths.
- a further method can be selection of a wavelength which is characteristic of pure motion artifact information. This particular data can then be scaled and subtracted from two other channels being used for oxygen saturation calculation in order to minimize the motion artifact signal superimposed on the oxygen saturation signal.
- the chemical sensor 34 can be an ionic sensor for evaluating electrolyte compositions of the amniotic fluid. Such analyses can provide important indications of the status of development of the fetus and signs of fetal distress.
- the device 10 can include means for resisting expulsion from the uterus 18.
- such means can include, for example, an arrow tip structures 50A and 50B disposed on the housing 11.
- the arrow tip structures 50A and/or 50B can be coupled to a control wire 52 enabling selective opening and closing (that is, positioned flush with the housing 11) to activate/deactivate the anchoring effect.
- Other such means for resisting expulsion of the device 10 can be a fish scale layer 54 disposed on the housing 11.
- a fetal sensor was prepared having the structure described in the specification (and shown in FIG. 2 in particular) using the curved distal end portion of the sensor device to position the distal end portion at the ausculatory site of a fetus. Data were accumulated from thirty five different patients, and the results are summarized in the Table below.
- Illustrated in the Table are data from women in active labor with intact membranes. The age in years of the patient is shown, and date and time are also shown. Also shown is the percentage of acceptable data measured when fetal oximetry data were obtained, which includes a plesthysmograph wave form. Monitoring was performed beginning near the onset of labor and carried out over the time period indicated. The percentage of acceptable data is a measure of the useful data taken over the entire labor period. Mean fetal heart rate is calculated and is shown to correspond well with CTG and fetal stethascoptical examination with essentially no clinical differences.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69433664T DE69433664T2 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1994-07-20 | Fetal sensor |
AU73680/94A AU7368094A (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1994-07-20 | A fetal sensor device |
EP94922638A EP0711125B1 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1994-07-20 | Fetal sensor device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/100,607 | 1993-07-30 | ||
US08/100,607 US5425362A (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1993-07-30 | Fetal sensor device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995003738A1 true WO1995003738A1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
Family
ID=22280604
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/008175 WO1995003738A1 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1994-07-20 | A fetal sensor device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5425362A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0711125B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7368094A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69433664T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995003738A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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WO1998006322A1 (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-19 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated | Fetal pulse oximetry sensor with remote securing mechanism |
US6432051B1 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2002-08-13 | Instrumentarium Corp. | Tonometric measuring head and measuring method |
WO2005019792A2 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-03 | Mcgill University | Method and apparatus for analyzing amniotic fluid |
US6973341B2 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2005-12-06 | Watson Richard L | Noninvasive, intrauterine fetal ECG strip electrode |
WO2019209412A1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Dorsey Tammy | Apparatus and method for determining physiological parameters of an infant in-utero |
WO2024018066A1 (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-01-25 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale | Intrapartum measurement probe and device and delivery monitoring system |
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US8165661B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2012-04-24 | Mcgill University | Method and apparatus for analyzing amniotic fluid |
WO2019209412A1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Dorsey Tammy | Apparatus and method for determining physiological parameters of an infant in-utero |
US11071481B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2021-07-27 | Prenatal-Hope, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining physiological parameters of an infant in-utero |
WO2024018066A1 (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-01-25 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale | Intrapartum measurement probe and device and delivery monitoring system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0711125B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
DE69433664D1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
EP0711125A1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
EP0711125A4 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
US5425362A (en) | 1995-06-20 |
AU7368094A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
DE69433664T2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
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