WO1995004254A1 - Anordnung zur dreidimensionalen vermessung unzugänglicher hohlräume - Google Patents
Anordnung zur dreidimensionalen vermessung unzugänglicher hohlräume Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995004254A1 WO1995004254A1 PCT/DE1994/000898 DE9400898W WO9504254A1 WO 1995004254 A1 WO1995004254 A1 WO 1995004254A1 DE 9400898 W DE9400898 W DE 9400898W WO 9504254 A1 WO9504254 A1 WO 9504254A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- camera
- arrangement according
- light source
- beam splitter
- distance
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for three-dimensional measurement of inaccessible cavities according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2.
- Remote-controlled camera vehicles are often used to inspect inaccessible cavities, and endoscopes are used for smaller cavities. Since increasingly cheaper and more powerful image processing systems have become available, more and more inspection systems have been equipped with image processing systems in order to support the visual inspection by the operator on the one hand and to carry out a (semi) automatic measurement of the cavities on the other. Since the primary goal, which largely determines the design of the optical system (camera and lighting), is the support of the operator, the devices on the market are illuminated with constant, unstructured light.
- the cameras are located on a pan-tilt head.
- the camera axis is aligned there by a rotation about the camera axis and a rotation about an axis perpendicular thereto.
- the combination of these rotations ultimately results in an image of the area to be examined that is rotated about the horizon.
- this rotation can be compensated for by counter-rotation of the sensor element in the camera.
- a stereo vision system In order to enable the depth of the cavity to be measured with one of the conventional inspection systems, as mentioned above, either a stereo vision system or
- a simple distance measurement may only be possible for flat structures that lie in a plane parallel to the image plane.
- the distances between individual pixels are generally determined by means of light section methods or stereo cameras. These methods are based on an evaluation of the parallax of two optical systems (2 cameras or a structured light source and a camera).
- the simplest example for demonstrating the principle of the light section method the illustration of an object point illuminated with a laser beam, is shown in FIG. 2.
- the illuminated object point in addition to the imaging condition ⁇ 1 ⁇ , it also applies that it is cut by the illumination beam path.
- the laser beam cuts the optical axis at point (0, a) at an angle w.
- the structure projector is in arrangements according to the status technology at a distance b next to the camera.
- the structure projector cannot be mounted in the center in the known light-section arrangements.
- this arrangement has considerable disadvantages, especially for inspections of cylindrical cavities or pipe inspections.
- the structure is shown in FIG. 3.
- the nominal diameter range of the pipes to be measured or the shape and size of the cavities to be measured are not severely restricted, so that illumination with a matched pattern (or optical axes of the illumination and camera which are inclined towards one another) can be carried out using this method measure oblique cuts in the tube or cavity (see FIG. 3) - with the consequence that the side lying first of the structure projector is measured with high accuracy (since the measuring points are a short distance from the camera), while the opposite side Side of the tube, at which the measuring points are located at a considerably greater distance from the camera, is measured with less measuring accuracy. Even the extreme case will often be reached that parts of the light section are outside the depth of field of the image, i.e. cannot be measured.
- the measurement errors ⁇ x of the x coordinate result in the measurement errors ⁇ x and c ⁇ of the object coordinates X, Z: f-tan (w) - (b + f-tan) given in formulas ⁇ 8 ⁇ and ⁇ 9 ⁇ (w)) f- (b + f-
- the accuracies of the Z coordinate measurements are different in the left, (dashed line) and right (solid line) beam path.
- the course of the measurement accuracy of the X coordinate determination illustrates that the highest measurement accuracy is achieved in the area of such measurement systems directly in front of the camera and structure projector. The measuring accuracy in the areas outside is considerably lower. Exactly these areas (
- both optical systems are arranged next to one another and the optical axes of the systems usually have an oblique angle against this distance.
- the accuracy of the resolution of the individual coordinates is limited by the distance between the camera and structured lighting.
- the camera is usually arranged centrally.
- the distance between the camera and the structure projector (which limits the accuracy of the measurement) is limited to half the maximum possible value (diameter of the inspection system), ie the accuracy is additionally limited.
- the inspection of curvilinearly delimited cavities with such an arrangement leads to changes in shape between the illuminating pattern and the pattern visible on the wall of the cavity, as well as between these two and the one depicted, due to the swelling point of the illuminating pattern located outside the axis Template.
- the rotation of the camera image and the illuminating structure i.e. the compensation angle
- the rotation of the camera image and the illuminating structure must also be taken into account when calculating the structure transformation.
- the object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for three-dimensional measurement of inaccessible cavities, with which a measurement which is considerably simplified compared to the prior art can be carried out.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by claims 1 to 2.
- Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
- the basic idea of the invention is the central axis of the inspection system or the normal normal of the platform pivoted and inclined with the pan / tilt head either with the (central) axes of the camera and the emerging structured lighting, or to bring the axes of two cameras to coincide and, if necessary, necessary compensation of the rotational position of the image or images according to claim 3 with a rotatable optical element arranged in the beam path Element.
- This optical element is designed such that its rotation leads to a rotation of the position of the image plane around the optical axis. Examples of such elements are arrangements of individual prisms (eg Pechan, Dove or Abbe-König prism) or arrangements of cylindrical lenses.
- the optical axis of the camera can be virtually placed on the axis of the structure projector using one or more beam splitters. If the latter projects a light pattern that is symmetrical to its axis (e.g. conical) and the arrangement is guided centrally in a tube (i.e. the optical axes of the camera and the projector lie in the tube axis), a section of the tube perpendicular to the tube axis is measured. In the case of a cylindrical tube, all points on the circular section are then measured with the same accuracy. All intersection points can be imaged equally sharply on a sensor element (e.g. CCD matrix) and have the same intensity with a homogeneous surface, provided the corresponding quality of the structure projector and the image are provided.
- a sensor element e.g. CCD matrix
- an arrangement according to the invention is symmetrical with respect to the (generally central) longitudinal axis of the inspection probe or the normal on the pivoted and inclined platform.
- This symmetry leads to a considerably simplified coordinate transformation between the measurement coordinate system, which is given by this platform and the normal on it, and the external target coordinate system (e.g. the coordinate system used to map the channel). Since the arrangement is rotationally symmetrical, it is sufficient to consider the light section with a point with the coordinates (R, Z) in the plane given by the optical axis and the distance of the measuring point from this axis.
- the zero point of the coordinate system is in the main plane of the lens and the source point of the pattern (intersection with the optical axis of the camera) is (0, a) (see FIG. 5).
- the coordinates are calculated according to formulas ⁇ 13 ⁇ and ⁇ 14 ⁇ for:
- FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the measuring accuracy of the method from FIG. 3 (solid and dashed curves (see FIG. 4)) with the measuring accuracy of a comparable method according to the invention (dotted line).
- Another particular advantage of the method results from the fact that it is no longer the transverse distance of the structured illumination and the camera that is decisive for the measurement accuracy, but instead the distance in the direction of the optical axis.
- Measuring systems based on this method can therefore be implemented with a minimal diameter and are therefore particularly suitable for the internal inspection of objects with a small clear width (typical use of tube probes and endoscopes).
- differences between the shape of the detected pattern and the illuminating pattern can only be attributed to the shape or shape of the wall of the cavity relative to the center of the inspection head, while the size of the detected pattern only depends on the distance from this wall to the inspection head and the known distance between camera and lighting. If the optical axes of the lighting and the camera lie exactly above one another, the center of the illuminating pattern and the center of the camera image are always fixed to one another. Then there are no displacements of the center points depending on the distance to the wall of the cavity, i.e. The image evaluation and interpretation can be greatly simplified by an appropriate choice of the illuminating pattern.
- the compensation of the rotational position of the camera image according to the invention is carried out by means of a rotatable optical element arranged between the beam splitter and the cavity section to be inspected, it is additionally ensured that the relative rotational position between the illuminating and the detected pattern is always constant. Even without knowledge three-dimensional measurements of the cavity section shown can then be carried out in the measuring coordinate system, ie the evaluation of the camera image is further simplified.
- FIG. 7 An arrangement according to the invention of two cameras is shown in FIG. 7.
- An object point (R, Z) is imaged with the lens of the focal lengths f or f2 on the sensor element of the camera 1 or 2. From the conditions for the illustration
- the evaluation of these images is further greatly simplified since, compared to a stereo camera according to the prior art, 3 different rotations are eliminated (rotations the image positions of the cameras, rotation of the distance of the camera by a normal on the pivoted and inclined platform).
- the measuring method is tolerant of small distances between the optical axes.
- the advantages of a measurement method according to the invention are present - with minor restrictions - if the optical axes of the system components (structure projector and camera or two cameras) are parallel and at a distance which is much smaller than the distance required to achieve the measurement accuracy ( "effective distance a").
- this distance a is the projection of the distance of the main planes on the object side of the effective camera lenses onto the optical axis or the corresponding projection of the distance between object-side main plane of the effective camera lens and the source point of the projected pattern.
- a beam splitter (13) is arranged between the camera and the entrance optics or according to claim 5
- a beam splitter (8) is arranged between the optical element (7) for rotating the image position and the camera.
- the structured illumination comes from the partial beam path (b) or (e) to the common entry or exit opening (5).
- both arrangements are equivalent. The two arrangements differ if the rotationally symmetrical light structures are not projected, the support (4) is rotated about the optical axis (f) and the image position is corrected according to claim 3. Then it comes:
- the optical axes of the camera and structured lighting in the common beam path can be made to coincide so that when the cavity wall is displaced against the pan / tilt head, there is no displacement of the center of the pattern shown relative to the camera image.
- the intensity losses occurring at the beam splitter (8) or (13) can be minimized. That from If the polarization direction is appropriately aligned relative to the beam splitter, linearly polarized light coming in comes through this beam splitter almost without attenuation. If there is no rotation of the polarization direction in the further beam path to the object and from it back to the polarizing beam splitter, for example, a correspondingly aligned ⁇ / 4 plate can be used to illuminate the cavity with circularly polarized structured radiation. The radiation coming from the cavity is then also circularly polarized and is linearly polarized as it passes through the delay element in such a way that it passes the beam splitter in the direction of the camera almost unattenuated.
- a third partial beam path (g) can be generated by means of a further beam splitter (6) and detected by means of a further camera.
- This camera can be used to support an operator who can use the images thus recorded for visual inspection and for maneuvering the carrier or camera vehicle through the cavity.
- a particularly low-loss beam separation can be achieved if this beam splitter divides the incoming radiation selectively with respect to the wavelength into the partial beam paths (g) and (b).
- this beam splitter is dimensioned such that only radiation from a narrow spectral range around the wavelength of the narrow-band radiation of the structured illumination is reflected in the partial beam path from the beam splitter in the direction of the structured light source or back, a maximum of one ( incoming light coming in the other partial beam path (not shown in FIG. 8).
- the light patterns generated by the structured illumination on the cavity are almost invisible in this partial beam path, ie the camera image practically corresponds to the image obtained with one of the inspection arrangements previously used.
- almost only the radiation resulting from the structured illumination of the object is present in the other partial beam path, ie the pattern created on the object by the structured illumination can be imaged with maximum contrast.
- the beam paths can be folded and the spatial expansion of the entire arrangement can be optimized.
- imaging optical elements for example lenses, concave mirrors, parabolic mirrors
- the optical properties for example depth of field, effective focal lengths of the individual cameras, radiation characteristics of the structured illumination, wavelength range of the wavelength-selective beam splitter, effective distance between structured light source and the camera or the individual cameras).
- the entire system can be aligned with different sections of the cavity.
- the image erection according to the invention is particularly advantageous if additional sensors, such as, for example, ultrasound sensors according to claim 15, are attached to or rotatable with this carrier. They can then be aligned such that they only cover a limited angular range of the cavity and rotate with the carrier in the cavity. By means of this rotational movement, the sensors can scan the entire cavity or individual parts of the cavity and thus carry out measurements with respect to the angle. If the inventive compensation of the positional rotation of the video images resulting from the rotational movement is carried out, this angular scanning can take place without impairing the optical measurement or the visual inspection.
- additional sensors such as, for example, ultrasound sensors according to claim 15
- the sensors can scan the entire cavity or individual parts of the cavity and thus carry out measurements with respect to the angle.
- the specified arrangements are particularly suitable for the inspection of disposal lines such as sewers, for the inspection of supply lines and for use in endoscopy.
- the partial beam path from the structured, polarized and narrow-band light source (3) via a mirror (11) and a lens (12) to the polarizing beam splitter (8) is designated by (d).
- the structured illumination reaches the ⁇ / 4 plate (10) almost unattenuated.
- the radiation reaching from there to a wavelength-selective beam splitter (6) is circularly polarized with the appropriate orientation of the ⁇ / 4 plate and passes through a lens (12) and possibly via a rotatable Pechan or Dove prism (7 ) on the optics or opening (5) and from there on the section to be measured of the cavity (1).
- the light pattern created there and the radiation coming from there pass through the optics or opening (5), if necessary, for. B. on the rotatable Pechan or Dove prism (7) on the lens (12) and from there on the wavelength-selective beam splitter (6).
- the radiation coming from the cavity arrives almost completely through this beam splitter into the partial beam path (g), ie via a lens (12) and 2 prisms for folding the beam path (11). on a (coloring) camera (2).
- the circularly or elliptically polarized radiation coming from the light pattern generated by the structured illumination reaches the partial beam path (b) through the ⁇ / 4 plate onto the polarizing beam splitter.
- the polarizing beam splitter (8) After the ⁇ / 4 plate, it is polarized approximately perpendicular to the direction of the radiation passing through in the opposite direction and coming from the structured illumination and is therefore directed almost completely by the polarizing beam splitter (8) in the partial beam path (c) onto the camera .
- the delay element (10) can be omitted in this solution variant and the beam splitter (8) can reflect 100% of the radiation arriving in the partial beam path (b) to the camera (9).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59409922T DE59409922D1 (de) | 1993-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Anordnung zur dreidimensionalen vermessung unzugänglicher hohlräume |
EP94922835A EP0725921B1 (de) | 1993-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Anordnung zur dreidimensionalen vermessung unzugänglicher hohlräume |
JP7505493A JPH09500730A (ja) | 1993-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | 接近不可能な中空空間の3次元測定用装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4325542A DE4325542A1 (de) | 1993-07-29 | 1993-07-29 | Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Vermessung unzugänglicher Hohlräume |
DEP4325542.6 | 1993-07-29 | ||
DEP4409854.5 | 1994-03-22 | ||
DE4409854A DE4409854A1 (de) | 1993-07-29 | 1994-03-22 | Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Vermessung unzugänglicher Hohlräume |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995004254A1 true WO1995004254A1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
Family
ID=25928161
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1994/000898 WO1995004254A1 (de) | 1993-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Anordnung zur dreidimensionalen vermessung unzugänglicher hohlräume |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6043891A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0725921B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09500730A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995004254A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19520124A1 (de) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-12 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Strukturierte Beleuchtung für optische 3D-Meßsysteme bei denen die Detektoreinrichtung und die strukturierte Beleuchtung im Außenraum die gleiche optische Achse aufweisen |
EP1574827A1 (de) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-14 | Eric Kuhn | Vorrichtung zum Erfassen und gleichzeitigen Darstellen von Bauwerkszuständen |
US7612878B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2009-11-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Device for inspecting a pipeline |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19727226A1 (de) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-22 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Meßanordnung und Verfahren zum berührungslosen Erfassen der 3-dimensionalen Raumform einer Brillenfassungsnut |
US6611664B2 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2003-08-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon | Stereo image photographing system |
US7170677B1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2007-01-30 | Everest Vit | Stereo-measurement borescope with 3-D viewing |
DE10208377A1 (de) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-25 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung zur berührungslosen Abstandsmessung zu einer, in einem Engspalt befindlichen Fläche |
US7620209B2 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2009-11-17 | Stevick Glen R | Method and apparatus for dynamic space-time imaging system |
JP4899534B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-28 | 2012-03-21 | ソニー株式会社 | 監視カメラ |
WO2008002958A2 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Parlour, Barbara, E. | Internal and external measuring device |
CA2568021A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-20 | Colmatec Inc. | Dispositif pour mesurer des fissures dans des conduites |
FR2921732B1 (fr) * | 2007-09-28 | 2010-04-30 | Noomeo | Dispositif de construction d'une image de synthese d'une sur face tridimensionnelle d'un objet physique |
US8107083B2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2012-01-31 | General Electric Company | System aspects for a probe system that utilizes structured-light |
Citations (4)
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FR2195337A5 (de) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-03-01 | Anvar | |
JPS60107506A (ja) * | 1983-11-16 | 1985-06-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 表面あらさ測定装置 |
EP0278882A1 (de) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-17 | DURET-INVENTEUR Société civile | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erstellen eines Abdrucks für medizinische Zwecke |
DE4136002A1 (de) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-05-07 | Ind Technology Inst | Moire- konturenabbildungsvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (4)
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US4784463A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1988-11-15 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope apparatus holding apparatus |
US5052803A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-10-01 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Mushroom hook cap for borescope |
US5195392A (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-03-23 | Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation | Internal pipe inspection system |
DE4218219C2 (de) * | 1992-06-03 | 1998-05-07 | Geyer Medizin Und Fertigungste | Vorrichtung zum berührungslosen Vermessen eines schlecht zugänglichen, dreidimensionalen medizinischen oder zahntechnischen Objektes |
-
1994
- 1994-07-29 EP EP94922835A patent/EP0725921B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-29 JP JP7505493A patent/JPH09500730A/ja active Pending
- 1994-07-29 WO PCT/DE1994/000898 patent/WO1995004254A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-12-02 US US08/982,472 patent/US6043891A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2195337A5 (de) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-03-01 | Anvar | |
JPS60107506A (ja) * | 1983-11-16 | 1985-06-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 表面あらさ測定装置 |
EP0278882A1 (de) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-17 | DURET-INVENTEUR Société civile | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erstellen eines Abdrucks für medizinische Zwecke |
DE4136002A1 (de) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-05-07 | Ind Technology Inst | Moire- konturenabbildungsvorrichtung |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 257 (P - 396)<1980> 15 October 1985 (1985-10-15) * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19520124A1 (de) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-12 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Strukturierte Beleuchtung für optische 3D-Meßsysteme bei denen die Detektoreinrichtung und die strukturierte Beleuchtung im Außenraum die gleiche optische Achse aufweisen |
DE19520124C2 (de) * | 1995-06-01 | 1998-04-23 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Strukturierte Beleuchtung für optische 3D-Meßsysteme bei denen die Detektoreinrichtung und die strukturierte Beleuchtung im Außenraum die gleiche optische Achse aufweisen |
EP1574827A1 (de) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-14 | Eric Kuhn | Vorrichtung zum Erfassen und gleichzeitigen Darstellen von Bauwerkszuständen |
US7612878B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2009-11-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Device for inspecting a pipeline |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6043891A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
JPH09500730A (ja) | 1997-01-21 |
EP0725921A1 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
EP0725921B1 (de) | 2001-10-24 |
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