WO1996022946A1 - Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996022946A1 WO1996022946A1 PCT/US1995/001113 US9501113W WO9622946A1 WO 1996022946 A1 WO1996022946 A1 WO 1996022946A1 US 9501113 W US9501113 W US 9501113W WO 9622946 A1 WO9622946 A1 WO 9622946A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- pipe
- copper
- physical characteristics
- elongated
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000500881 Lepisma Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 plasma Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/044—Breaking emulsions by changing the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/05—Coalescer
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to a method of and apparatus for altering certain physical characteristics of liquids and gases by electrically charging the molecules of at least a portion of the treated liquid or gas.
- the decanted oil when water containing oil particles is allowed to settle in a tank and then the layer of oil decanted off, the decanted oil contains about 15 percent water and the remaining water contains about 50 parts oil per one million parts water. However, when the water containing oil particles was treated in our Ion Collider prior to entering the settling tank, the decanted oil contained less than one percent water and the remaining water contained about 10 parts oil per billion parts water.
- the invention comprises use of our Ion
- the Ion Collider to treat fluids to alter, in an economically beneficial way, physical characteristics of the treated liquids and gases.
- the Ion Collider comprises two spaced apart concentrically arranged metal cylinders or pipes. Both pipes may be made of a copper-nickel alloy or, preferably, the outer pipe is made of a ferrous metal and the inner surface of the outer pipe is flame coated with a copper-nickel alloy.
- the entire wall of the inner pipe contains a multiplicity of spaced apart radially bored, preferably identical, holes; and, the exit end of the inner pipe is capped.
- the opposite or entry end of the inner pipe is joined to the corresponding end of the axially aligned outer pipe so that the only entry into the Ion Collider is through the entry end of the inner pipe and the only exit from the Ion Collider is the opposite or exit end of the outer pipe.
- the electron exchange chamber we call the elongated annular chamber between the inner and outer pipes bounded by copper-nickel surfaces, the electron exchange chamber.
- the entry end of the inner pipe may have a filter screen to prevent entry of gravel or other undesirable particles into the Ion Collider.
- liquid or gas under pressure is pumped into the inner pipe causing a multiplicity of streams or jets of the fluid to issue from the radially bored holes in the wall of the inner pipe and bombard the copper-nickel walls of the chamber between the two pipes. Electrons freed from the copper in the walls of the electron exchange chamber combine with molecules of the liquid or gas, thereby altering certain physical characteristics of the entire body of fluid.
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional plan view taken through the center of two co-acting Ion Colliders
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevational view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
- Ion Colliders 10 and 20 each include two spaced apart concentric elongated cylindrical metal pipes.
- Each pipe may be made of copper-nickel alloy or, preferably, the outer pipe 14 is made of a ferrous metal with the inner surface of the outer pipe flame coated with an alloy preferably containing 90 percent copper and 10 percent nickel.
- the wall of inner pipe 12 contains a multiplicity of spaced apart radially bored holes 12A and its exit end is closed by a cap 13 which may or may not include a single hole 13A in the center of the cap.
- the entry end of pipe 12 is joined to outer pipe 14 as shown in Figure 1 and a filter screen 16 of copper mesh shown in Figures 1 and 2 is fitted over the entry end of pipe 12 to prevent intrusion of unwanted solid particles into Ion Colliders 10 and 20.
- a filter screen 16 of copper mesh shown in Figures 1 and 2 is fitted over the entry end of pipe 12 to prevent intrusion of unwanted solid particles into Ion Colliders 10 and 20.
- the inner surface of outer pipe 14 is preferably spaced about one and one-half inches (4.31 cm) from the outer surface of inner pipe 12.
- Both pipes 12 and 14 may be made of copper-nickel alloy in which the nickel comprises at least one percent and copper comprises at least 80 percent of the composition of the pipes.
- pipe 14 is made of black iron and the inner surface of pipe 14 is flame coated with a copper-nickel alloy containing about 10 percent nickel and 90 percent copper.
- the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the multiplicity of holes 12A should equal or, preferably, be 1.2 times the cross-sectional area of inner pipe 12 in order to prevent any back pressure or flow restriction during operation of the Ion Collider.
- the jet velocity that is, the velocity of the liquid or gas jets as they exit from holes 12A, should be at least 0.025 feet (.0076 m) per second.
- the formula for computing the jet velocity in feet (m) per second of the liquid or gas existing from holes 12A is 4,085 times the gallons (3.785 liters) per minute divided by the square of the diameter of holes 12A.
- Ion Colliders have been successfully operated in various sizes.
- the diameter of outer pipe 14 ranges from four to 14 inches (10.16 cm to 35.56 cm)
- the distance between the outer surface of the inner pipe and the inner surface of the outer pipe should be about one and one-half inches (4.31 cm), thereby creating an elongated annular chamber whose surfaces consist of copper-nickel alloy such as electron exchange chamber 15 between pipes 12 and 14 as shown in Figure l.
- a helix of copper or copper-nickel wire 17 is loosely wrapped around the length of the outer surface of inner pipe 12.
- Ion Collider 10 Although significant results have been achieved using only one Ion Collider 10 as shown in Figure 1, increased results are often obtained by using a pair of co-acting Ion Colliders such as 10 and 20 shown in Figure 1. In such cases, the liquid or gas treated in Ion Collider 10 is passed through a deceleration tube 18 whose function is to create an abrupt decrease in the momentum of the fluid exiting from chamber 15.
- the cross-sectional area of tube 18 is preferably equal to the cross-sectional area of outer pipe 14.
- Fluids treated include hydrocarbon fuels, numerous oils, crude oil storage tank “bottoms," water, blood, plasma, and gases such as freon used as refrigerants.
- gasoline, diesel fuel, propane and other hydrocarbon fuels are treated in our Ion Collider, the treatment disassociates the fuel, reduces its molecular weight, and increases its vapor pressure. This results in more complete combustion, better engine efficiency, reduced emissions and up to a 10 percent increase in engine torque and horsepower.
- Treatment of crude oils, lubricating oils and hydraulic oils in the Ion Collider breaks up the long chain hydrocarbon molecules in the oil, making the oil "slicker” and less capable of transporting suspended solids. Treatment of crude oils in the Ion Collider increases their American Petroleum Institute specific gravity by at least two to three points and also breaks up the long chain hydrocarbon and paraffin molecules in the crude oil, thereby increasing the marketability of the treated crude oil.
- Treated lubricating oils exhibit greater lubricity and reduce friction between the lubricated components.
- Water used in boilers which is first treated in an Ion Collider reduces its boiling point and, thus, the energy required to convert the water into steam. Treatment also "softens" the water, reducing or eliminating the need for water-softening chemicals, and inhibits the formation of scale and removes existing scale. In addition, treatment of the water prevents corrosion in the boiler tubes by inducing an anode to act more like a cathode.
- Ion Collider treatment followed by filtration softens drinking water, enhancing the taste, odor and color of the drinking water.
- Treated water used in irrigation penetrates the soil, creating an ion exchange in the soil resulting in a breakdown of salts in the soil which prevents tip burn and salt poisoning in plants and trees while at the same time enhancing the plants' ability to absorb nutrients from the soil and fertilizers.
- irrigation run-off water is treated, any nitrates and phosphates that have been introduced by fertilizers will be broken down thereby reducing the contaminating effects of run-off on stream, rivers and estuary waters.
- Ion Collider treated refrigerants such as Freon 134a exhibit enhanced thermodynamic characteristics including increased vapor pressures, thus making these refrigerants more marketable.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/350,849 US5482629A (en) | 1994-12-07 | 1994-12-07 | Method and apparatus for separating particles from liquids |
EP95908711A EP0805782A4 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
AU16933/95A AU1693395A (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
PCT/US1995/001113 WO1996022946A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 | 1995-01-27 | Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/350,849 US5482629A (en) | 1994-12-07 | 1994-12-07 | Method and apparatus for separating particles from liquids |
PCT/US1995/001113 WO1996022946A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 | 1995-01-27 | Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996022946A1 true WO1996022946A1 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
Family
ID=26789492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/001113 WO1996022946A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 | 1995-01-27 | Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5482629A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996022946A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7383828B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2008-06-10 | Emission & Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels |
US7428896B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2008-09-30 | Emission & Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5554301A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-09-10 | Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. | Water clarification system |
US6106787A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-08-22 | Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
US6214219B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-04-10 | Calvcs, Llc | Knock-down separation of emulsions |
WO2006033690A2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-03-30 | Fuel Fx International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels |
US20060042958A1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-02 | Frank Cole | Device and method for treating water and removing contaminants from soil |
US20060070963A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-06 | Mckeary Leonard E | Method and apparatus for separating contaminants in fluids and gas |
FI20041478A (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | Abb Oy | Cooling of the warming component |
US20060283718A1 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2006-12-21 | Schreppel Rudy Jr | Reactor loop for producing hydroxyl water |
US20080258080A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-23 | Bill Rippe Toe | Method and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics |
US20080257829A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-23 | Bill Rippetoe | Method and apparatus for separating particles from liquids |
PL2227442T3 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2016-04-29 | Nilsen Birgir | Apparatus and method for ballast water treatment |
JP3154457U (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-10-22 | 洋二 早川 | Spray device using water environment battery |
US9630858B2 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2017-04-25 | Halvor Nilsen | Apparatus and method for ballast water treatment |
US8980086B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2015-03-17 | Midwestern Ip, Llc | Waste separation and processing system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5048499A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-09-17 | Daywalt Clark L | Fuel treatment device |
US5197446A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1993-03-30 | Daywalt Clark L | Vapor pressure enhancer and method |
Family Cites Families (20)
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GB1307812A (en) * | 1969-02-18 | 1973-02-21 | Dunlop Holdings Ltd | Method for separating immiscible liquids |
US3980565A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1976-09-14 | Fowler Leslie L | Cell having catalytic layer for coalescing oil droplets |
JPS5230957B2 (en) * | 1972-02-12 | 1977-08-11 | ||
US3992295A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1976-11-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Polluted water purification |
US4268399A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1981-05-19 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Purification of polluted water |
US4292181A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1981-09-29 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Use of liquid membrane systems for selective ion transfer |
US4395464A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1983-07-26 | Marko Materials, Inc. | Copper base alloys made using rapidly solidified powders and method |
US5198118A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1993-03-30 | Kdf Fluid Treatment, Inc. | Method for treating fluids |
US4606828A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-08-19 | Wells Marvin E | Scale formation preventor and/or remover |
US4717480A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1988-01-05 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Method for separation of liquid mixture |
US4671351A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-06-09 | Vertech Treatment Systems, Inc. | Fluid treatment apparatus and heat exchanger |
US4741386A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1988-05-03 | Vertech Treatment Systems, Inc. | Fluid treatment apparatus |
US4758346A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1988-07-19 | Uop Inc. | Process for the removal of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from an aqueous stream and hydrogenating these compounds |
US4713159A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1987-12-15 | Fluid Mechanics | Compact and cleanable apparatus for preventing scale formation in liquid systems |
DE3872287D1 (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1992-07-30 | Siemens Ag | METHOD FOR CHANGING THE CAPACITY OF AN ION EXCHANGER FOR A SPECIFIC CHEMICAL ELEMENT. |
US4832837A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-05-23 | Frederick Loren D | Apparatus for augmenting separation of oil and water |
FR2644708B1 (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1991-07-12 | Total France | DEVICE FOR SEPARATING TWO NON-MISCIBLE LIQUIDS AND APPLICATION THEREOF |
GB9114628D0 (en) * | 1991-07-06 | 1991-08-21 | Domnick Hunter Filters Ltd | Apparatus for separating contaminant from water |
US5209838A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-05-11 | Aluminum Company Of America | Purification of an oil-containing liquid using a surface treated permeable inorganic membrane |
US5344606A (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1994-09-06 | Brimmer Thomas E | Fluid treatment alloy casting of Cu-Sn-Ni-Zn |
-
1994
- 1994-12-07 US US08/350,849 patent/US5482629A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-01-27 WO PCT/US1995/001113 patent/WO1996022946A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5048499A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-09-17 | Daywalt Clark L | Fuel treatment device |
US5197446A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1993-03-30 | Daywalt Clark L | Vapor pressure enhancer and method |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7383828B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2008-06-10 | Emission & Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels |
US7428896B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2008-09-30 | Emission & Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US5482629A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
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