WO1996026840A1

WO1996026840A1 - Ink-receptive absorbent coating

Info

Publication number: WO1996026840A1
Application number: PCT/US1996/000664
Authority: WO
Inventors: Donald J. Williams
Original assignee: Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
Priority date: 1995-02-28
Filing date: 1996-01-18
Publication date: 1996-09-06
Also published as: JPH11502476A; KR19980702542A; KR100420196B1; DE69600597D1; DE69600597T2; EP0812267B1; EP0812267A1

Abstract

A fast-drying ink-receptive coating suitable for use on ink-receptive sheet comprising a blend of at least one hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer and a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer having a preferred acrylic acid level of at least 10 %; such coating can be used alone, or preferably such coating is part of a coating system also including an upper layer which provides improved mud-cracking properties.

Description

INK-RECEPTIVE ABSORBENT COATING

Background of the Invention The invention relates to transparent materials that can be used as ink-receptive sheets for imaging, and more particularly, to improved ink-receptive coatings therefor, having improved image quality.

Description of Related Art Imaging devices such as ink jet printers and pen plotters are well known methods for printing various information including labels and multi-colored graphics. Presentation of such information has created a demand for transparent ink receptive imageable receptors that are used as overlays in technical drawings and as transparencies for overhead projection. Imaging with either the ink jet printer or the pen plotter involves depositing ink on the surface of these transparent receptors. These imaging devices conventionally utilize inks that can remain exposed to air for long periods of time without drying. Since it is desirable that the surface of these receptors be dry and non-tacky to the touch, even after absorption of significant amounts of liquid soon after imaging, transparent materials that are capable of absorbing significant amounts of liquid while maintaining some degree of durability and transparency, are useful as imageable receptors for imaging.

Liquid-absorbent materials disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,134,198, 5,192,617, 5,219,928 and 5,241,006 attempt to improve drying and decrease dry time. These materials comprise crosslinked polymeric compositions capable of forming continuous matrices for liquid absorbent semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. These networks are blends of polymers wherein at least one of the polymeric components is crosslinked after blending to form a continuous network throughout the bulk of the material, and through which the uncrosslinked polymeric components are intertwined in such a way as to form a macroscopically homogeneous composition. Such compositions are useful for forming durable ink absorbent, transparent graphical materials.

WO 8806532 (AM International) discloses a recording transparency and an aqueous method of preparation. The transparency is coated with a hydroxyethylcellulose polymer or mixture of polymers. The coating solution may also contain a surfactant to promote leveling and adhesion to the surface, and hydrated alumina in order to impart pencil tooth to the surface.

US Patent No. 5,120,601 (Asahi) discloses a recording sheet comprising an ink receiving layer containing highly water absorptive 1 to 100 mm resin particles and a binder. The resin particles protrude to a height of not less than 1 mm from the surface of the binder layer and comprise from 50 to 5, 000 per 1 mm² surface. The resin particles include sodium, lithium and potassium polyacrylates; vinyl alcohol/acrylamide copolymer; sodium acrylate/acrylamide copolymer; cellulose polymers; starch polymers; isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer; vinyl alcohol/acrylic acid copolymer; polyethylene oxide modified products; dimethyl ammonium polydiallylate; and quaternary ammonium polyacrylate. Useful binders can be any hydrophilic resin, e.g., starch, gelatin, celluloses, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl-pyrrolidones polyvinyl alcohols, polyester, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, hydrophilic water soluble polymer complexes, and the like.

US Patent No. 4,636,805 (Canon) discloses a recording medium comprising an ink receiving layer capable of fixing an ink within 3 minutes at 20°C and 65% RH at a proportion of 0.7ml/cm². One embodiment contains hydroxyethyl cellulose. Other materials are disclosed such as various gelatins; polyvinyl alcohols; starches; cellulose derivatives; polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine; polyvinylpyridium halide, sodium polyacrylate, SBR and NBR latexes; polyvinylformal; PMMA; polyvinylbutyral; polyacrylonitrile; polyvinylchloride; polyvinylacetate; phenolic resins and so on.

US Patent No. 4,701,837 (Canon) discloses a light transmissive recording medium having an ink receiving layer formed mainly of a water soluble polymer and a crosslinking agent. The crosslinked polymer has a crosslinking degree satisfying the water resistance of the receiving layer while giving the layer the ink receiving capacity of 0.2 ml/cm². The water soluble polymer may include natural polymers or modified products thereof such as gelatin, casein, starch, gum arabic, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and the like; polyvinyl alcohols; complete or partially saponified products of vinylacetate and other monomers; homopolymers or copolymers with other monomers of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as ( eth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid and the like; copolymers or homopolymers with other vinyl monomers of sulfonated vinyl monomers such as vinylsulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene and the like; copolymers or homopolymers with other vinyl monomers of (meth)acrylamide; copolymers or homopolymers with other vinyl monomers of ethylene oxide; terminated polyurethanes having blocked isocyanate groups; polyamides having such groups as mentioned above; polyethyleneimine;, polyurethane; polyester; and so on.

US Patent No. 5,277,965 (Xerox) discloses a recording medium comprising a base sheet with an ink receiving layer on one surface, and a heat absorbing layer on the other, and an anti-curl layer coated on the surface of the heat absorbing layer. The materials suitable for the ink receptive layer can include hydrophilic materials such as binary blends of polyethylene oxide with one of the following group: hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (Methocel), hydroxyethyl cellulose; water-soluble ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxybutylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose; vinylmethyl ether/maleic acid copolymers; acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymers; salts of carboxy ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose; cellulose acetate; cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate; cellulose sulfate; PVA; PVP; vinyl alcohol/vinylacetate copolymer and so on. US Patent No. 5,118,570 (Xerox) discloses a transparency comprising a hydrophilic coating and a plasticizer. The plasticizer can be selected from the group consisting of anhydrides, glycerols, glycols, substituted glycerols, pyrrolidinones, alkylene carbonates, sulfolanes, and stearic acid derivatives. In one specific embodiment directed to a humidity resistant ink jet transparency, the coating comprised of a ternary mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide and a plasticizer. This coating can also have dispersed therein additives such as colloidal silica. Another specific is a blend comprised of polyethylene oxide and carboxymethyl cellulose together with a component selected from the group consisting of (1) hydroxypropyl cellulose; (2) vinylmethyl ether/maleic acid copolymer; (3) carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose; (4) hydroxyethyl cellulose; (5) acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer; (6) cellulose sulfate; (7) poly(2-acrylamido-2- methylpropane) sulfonic acid; (8) poly(vinyl alcohol); (9) poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ; and (10) hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.

U.S. Patent No. 5,068,140 (Xerox) discloses a transparency comprised of a supporting substrate and an anticurl coating or coatings thereunder. In one specific embodiment, the transparency comprises of an anticurl coating comprising two layers. The ink receiving layer in one embodiment is comprised of blends of poly(ethylene oxide), mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) with cellulose such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose and a component selected from the group consisting of (1) vinylmethyl ether/maleic acid copolymer; (2) hydroxypropyl cellulose; (3) acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer, (4) sodium carboxymethylhydroxyethyl cellulose; (5) hydroxyethyl cellulose; (6) water soluble ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose; (7) cellulose sulfate; (8) poly(vinyl alcohol) ; (9) polyvinyl pyrrolidone; (10) poly(acrylamido 2-methyl propane sulfonic acid); (11) poly(diethylenetriamine-co- adipic acid); (12) poly(imidazoline) quaternized; (13) poly(N,N-methyl-3-S dimethylene piperidinum chloride; (14) poly(ethylene imine)epichlorohydrin modified; (15) poly(ethylene imine) ethoxylated; blends of poly(a-methylstyrene) with a component having a chlorinated compound.

As previously disclosed, generation of an image by an ink jet printer results in large quantities of solvent, generally blends of glycols and water, which remain in the imaged areas. Hence ink-receptive coatings are coated onto substrates to absorb the solvent quickly to form good images. Many of the materials disclosed above already address this requirement for absorbency, which is magnified when substantially nonabsorbent transparent materials are used. However, even when the absorbency is adequate, diffusion of solvent into unimaged areas can result in "bleeding" of the image, when the dye is carried along with the solvent.

U.S. Patent No. 5,342,688 addresses this bleeding problem. It discloses an improved ink-receptive sheet comprising a transparent substrate bearing on at least one major surface thereof an ink-receptive layer which comprises at least one hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer and an effective amount of polymeric mordant comprising a guanidine functionality. With the advent of pigmented inks, other problems are encountered when these same prior art materials are used as ink-receptive coatings. One of the problems can be characterized as 'mud-cracking' . Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the pigment, along with other ink components, e.g., polymeric dispersants, and possibly certain dissolved components of the receptor layer form a separate layer on the surface of the ink-receptive coating. Upon drying, this layer can literally fracture, and result in cracks which are visible to the eye, and accompanying poor image quality and low optical densities. This effect is quite apparent with some printers already on the market, for example, HP Deskjet® 1200C, and is more severe with some machines than others. Therefore, other materials need to be incorporated into the coatings to improve image quality. The inventors have now discovered an ink-receptive coating useful for projecting an image, commonly called a "transparency" which, when coating onto an ink-receptive sheet and imaged with an ink depositing device can be successfully printed with pigmented typed-inks with good image quality.

Preferred embodiments of this invention also have reduced image bleeding, improved shelf life, even when it is exposed to elevated temperature and high humidity, or in cases where solvent is prevented from leaving the coating, e.g., when stored in a transparency protector, and also display excellent drytimes.

The present invention discloses a copolymer which when added to an ink-absorbent layer, can improve the dry time of that layer while giving good image quality.

Summary of the Invention Improved ink-receptive coatings of the invention are suitable for use on an ink-receptive sheet, and comprise a hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer, a copolymer which provides fast drying and an admixture of other additives which work together to provide a coating which will, when imaged, provide a fast-drying, high-quality image with no surface cracks or bleeding.

The ink-receptive coatings of the invention comprise a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and at least one hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer. The presence of the polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer improves the drytime of the coating while maintaining good image quality, when printed with aqueous inks. The polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer preferably has at least 10% by weight acrylic acid content, more preferably at least 20% acrylic acid content.

In one embodiment, this invention comprises an ink receptive coating system comprising at least two layers, a thick base layer for ink absorption comprising a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and a hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer, and a thin upper layer which may function to improve tack, feeding, dry time, bleed, mud-cracking, wetting, and the like. In a preferred embodiment of the two layer coating system, the base layer comprises a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and at least one hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer, and the upper layer comprises a relatively high viscosity methylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or blends thereof. These ink-receptive coatings have fast dry times and, when coated onto substrates, yield good image quality when printed on printers using aqueous inks including pig ented-type inks.

A highly preferred embodiment of the ink-receptive coating system have two layers, wherein the base layer comprises a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the upper layer comprises a) a high viscosity methylcellulose binder, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or blends thereof, and b) an organic acid salt selected from the group consisting of salts of polyethyleneimine and salts of substituted polyethyleneimine. Optional ingredients such as a mordant can also be present either in the top layer or the base or both layers.

The thickness of the single layer coating and the base layer for the two-layer coating system preferably ranges from 10 mm to 40 mm; when used, the upper layer preferably has a thickness of from 0.5 mm to 10 mm.

As used herein, these terms have the following meanings.

1. The term "mud-cracking" means a physical cracking of the image resulting in lower density and quality. The cracks are so called because they resemble the cracking visible in the mud of a dried river bed.

2. The terms "hydrophilic" and "hydrophilic surface" are used to describe a material that is generally receptive to water, either in the sense that its surface is wettable by water or in the sense that the bulk of the material is able to absorb significant quantities of water. Materials that exhibit surface wettability by water have hydrophilic surfaces. 3. The term "hydrophilic liquid-absorbing materials" means materials that are capable of absorbing significant quantities of water, aqueous solutions, including those materials that are water-soluble. 4. The terms "hydrophobic" and "hydrophobic surface" refer to materials which have surfaces not readily wettable by water. Monomeric units will be referred to as hydrophobic if they form water-insoluble polymers capable of absorbing only small amounts of water when polymerized by themselves.

5. The term "mordant" means a compound which, when present in a composition, interacts with a dye to prevent diffusion through the composition.

6. The term "pigment layer" means that layer generated on the surface of the transparency comprised of the pigment, polymeric dispersants, and various components from the receptor layer.

All parts, percents, and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specifically stated.

Detailed Description of the Invention

In ink jet printing, large amounts of liquid are placed onto the surface to be imaged, relative to other types of printing. The printing surface must be able to absorb all the liquid and dry quickly. If an ink- receptive sheet does not dry within minutes or even seconds, it will not meet with consumer approval. Delays in drying cause smudging of the image, handling problems, and the inability to use the sheets immediately. Further, if stacked or stored before completely dry, they will stick to one another, or to a storage envelope.

The ink-receptive coating of the present invention may comprise a single relatively thick liquid-absorbent layer, or a two layer coating system having a thick base layer and a thin upper layer. Where a single layer is used, the thickness of the single layer preferably ranges from 10 mm to 40 mm. Where a two-layer coating system is used, the base layer is the same thickness as when used alone, and the upper layer preferably has a thickness of from 0.5 mm to 10 mm.

The presence of polyethylene-acrylic copolymers in the ink absorbent layer, improves the dry time while maintaining good image quality. Preferred copolymers include those having at least 10% by weight acrylic acid content, more preferably at least 20% acrylic acid content.

Preferred liquid absorbent hydrophilic polymeric compounds used in the single layer system, and base layer of the two-layer system, along with the polyethylene- acrylic acid polymer include uncrosslinked hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymers such as polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone and modified polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohols, and other hydrophilic and liquid absorptive polymers comprising copolymerizable monomers such as: a) nitrogen-containing hydrophilic, and water absorptive monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl lactams such as N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone; acrylamide, methacrylamide and their N- monoalkyl and N,N-dialkyl derivatives thereof; alkyltertiaryaminoalkylacryates and methacrylates; vinylpyridines such as 2-vinyl and 4-vinyl pyridines; preferably N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone; acrylamide, methacrylamide and their N-monoalkyl and N,N-dialkyl derivatives thereof; and b) hydrophilic monomers selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl acrylate and methacrylate, the alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and more preferably hydroxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate; alkoxyalkyl acrylate and methacrylate, the alkyl group preferably ranging from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The preferred material for the liquid absorbent layer is a blend of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene-acrylic acid. The preferred polyethylene- acrylic acids include those having 15-25% by weight acrylic acid content. The presence of a blend of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K-90) and a polyethylene- acrylic acid copolymer having 20% acrylic acid content, Primacor® 5980, in the liquid absorbent layer gives excellent dry times, especially when used in the two layer system with the preferred top layer constructions. The improved dry times are seen on essentially all ink jet printers.

The liquid absorbent layer can also comprise a crosslinked semi-interpenetrating network, or "SIPN". The SIPN for this ink-receptive coating would be formed from polymer blends comprising (a) at least one crosslinkable polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, (b) at least one hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer, and (c) a crosslinking agent. The SIPNs are continuous networks wherein the crosslinked polymer forms a continuous matrix, as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,389,723, 5,241,006, 5,376,727, and 5,208,092.

An upper layer is also preferably present in addition to the liquid absorbent layer. This is applied on top of the liquid absorbent base layer. This top layer is usually thin, and comprises polymeric materials such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl-alcohol, modified celluloses, and mixtures thereof.

In one preferred embodiment, to maximize image quality and substantially eliminate mud-cracking with most pigmented-type inks, high viscosity modified cellulose binders such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxyethyl- methylcellulose and mixtures thereof are preferred.

In this embodiment, certain cellulose derivatives are unsuitable as binders for elimination of mud-cracking include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, although these may be used as additives when they comprise less than 40% of the overall cellulose content, or where mud-cracking is not prevalent, or critical. Cellulose derivatives less preferred as binders due to their hydrophobic nature, water insolubility, need for organic solvents, and tendency to cause coalescence of pigmented as well as colored ink jet inks include ethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxybutyl cellulose. These may again be used as additives with appropriate solvent blends when they comprise less than 40% of the overall cellulose content. Hydroxypropyl cellulose, although water soluble, is less suitable as a binder for the same reasons as the latter materials, although it may also be used as an additive when it comprises less than 40% of the overall cellulose content.

The upper layer can also comprise organic acid salts of polyethyleneimine for further improvements in the other properties including drytime, smudging of the images, image brightness and bleeding. Useful acids include dicarboxylic acid derivatives, containing 2-14 carbon atoms, phthalic acids, hydrochloric acid, boric acid, and substituted sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, with preferred one being p-toluenesulfonic acid. The top layer may also comprise additives in addition to the celluloses mentioned above that can improve drytimes, color quality, tack, and the like, in greater quantities which do not degrade the mud- cracking performance of the pigmented ink. These additives include water soluble polymers such as poly- acrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, GAF Copolymer 845, polyethylene oxide, water soluble starches, e.g. Staylok® 500 and water soluble clays, e.g. Laponite® RDS as long as these additives comprise less than 40% of the topcoat solids. Other additives may include colloidal silica, boric acid, and surfactants.

Another additive which may be present to control curl is a plasticizing compound, which is added to the base layer of the film. Compounds can include low molecular weight polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, or polyethers; for example PEG 600 or Pycal® 94.

One preferred additive, for reduction of ink fade and bleed, is a mordant can also be present either in the top layer, the base layer, or both. If present in the top layer or base layer, the amount is preferred to range from 1 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight of the solids, preferably from 3 parts by weight to 10 parts by weight.

Useful mordants include polymeric mordants having at least one guanidine functionality having the following general structure:

wherein A is selected from the group consisting of a COO-alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a CONH-alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, COO(CH2CH20)nCH2- and CONH(CH2CH20)nCH2-, wherein n is from 1 to 5;

E and D are separately selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or A, E, D and N are combined to form a heterocyclic compound selected from the group consisting of:

Ri and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, and an alkyl group containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to

3 carbon atoms,

R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, benzimidazolyl, and an alkyl group containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, y is selected from the group consisting of 0 and 1, and

Xi and X₂ are anions.

Feedability and antiblocking properties may also be controlled by the addition of a particulate. Suitable particulates include starches, glass beads, silicas, polymeric microspheres and beads, with a preferred embodiment comprising polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads. Levels of particulate are limited by the requirement that the final coating be transparent with a haze level of 15% or less, as measured according to ASTM D1003-61 (Reapproved 1979) . The preferred mean particle diameter for particulate material is from 5 to 40 micrometers, with at least 25% of the particles having a diameter of 15 micrometers or more. Most preferably, at least 50% of the particulate material has a diameter of from 20 micrometers to 40 micrometers. While the particulate may be added to either or both layers, preferred embodiments contain the particulate in the upper layer. Other optional ingredients may be present in the upper layer for the purposes of improving coatability, or other features. Useful additives include such as catalysts, thickeners, adhesion promoters, glycols, defoamers, surfactants and the like, so long as the addition does not negatively impact the drying time.

The ink-receptive layer (s), can be applied to the film backing by any conventional coating technique, e.g., deposition from a solution or dispersion of the resins in a solvent or aqueous medium, or blend thereof, by means of such processes as Meyer bar coating, knife coating, reverse roll coating, rotogravure coating, and the like. When two layers are used, the upper layer when used, can then be applied thereover by the same or other conventional processes.

Drying of the ink-receptive layer(s) can be effected by conventional drying techniques, e.g., by heating in a hot air oven at a temperature appropriate for the specific film backing chosen. For example, a drying temperature of about 120°C is suitable for a polyester film backing.

Film substrates may be formed from any polymer capable of forming a self-supporting sheet, e.g., films of cellulose esters such as cellulose triacetate or diacetate, polystyrene, polyamides, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers, polyolefin and polyallomer polymers and copolymers, polysulphones, polycarbonates, polyesters, and blends thereof. Suitable films may be produced from polyesters obtained by condensing one or more dicarboxylic acids or their lower alkyl diesters in which the alkyl group contains up to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., terephthalic acid, isophthalic, phthalic, 2, 5-,2,6- , and 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, with one or more glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1,4- butanediol, and the like.

Preferred film substrates or backings are cellulose triacetate or cellulose diacetate, poly(ethylene naphthalate) , polyesters, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) , and polystyrene films. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is most preferred. It is preferred that film backings have a caliper ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm. Film backings having a caliper of less than 50 mm are difficult to handle using conventional methods for graphic materials. Film backings having calipers over 200 mm are stiffer, and present feeding difficulties in certain commercially available ink jet printers and pen plotters. When polyester film substrates are used, they can be biaxially oriented to impart molecular orientation, and may also be heat set for dimensional stability during fusion of the image to the support. These films may be produced by any conventional extrusion method. To promote adhesion of the ink-receptive layer to the film backing, it may be desirable to treat the surface of the film backing with one or more primers, in single or multiple layers. Useful primers include those known to have a swelling effect on the film backing polymer. Examples include halogenated phenols dissolved in organic solvents. Alternatively, the surface of the film backing may be modified by treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment.

Image-receptive coatings of the invention are particularly useful on ink-receptive sheets for the production of imaged transparencies for viewing in a transmission mode or a reflective mode, i.e., in association with an overhead projector. The following examples are for illustrative purposes, and do not limit the scope of the invention, which is that defined by the claims.

Test Methods Image Density

The transmissive image density is measured using Macbeth TD 903 densitometer with the gold and status A filters.

Dry Time The environmental conditions for this test are 70°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) . The print pattern consists of solid fill columns of adjacent colors. The columns are 1/4" to 1/2' wide, and 6-9 inches long. After printing the material is placed on a flat surface, then placed in contact with bond paper. A 2 kg rubber roller 2.5" wide is then twice rolled over the paper. The paper is then removed, and the dry time, D_τ is calculated by using the following formula:

where T_D is the length of time between the end of the printing and placing the image in contact with the bond paper. L_τ is the length of image transfer to paper; L_P is the length of the printed columns, and T_P is the time of printing.

Examples

Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 3C-5C These Examples were made having a single ink- receptive layer only. They were coated as follows:

A coating solution for the single layer was prepared containing 20 g of a 10% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone, available as PVP-K-90 from ISP, 9 g of a 10% aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene aryl ether plasticizer, available as Pycal® 94 from International Chemical Industries, and 10 g of a 20% aqueous solution of polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer in water/ammonium hydroxide, available as Primacor® from Dow Chemical. After mixing, the mixture was coated onto a 100 mm thick polyvinylidine chloride (PVDC) primed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film at 200 μm wet thickness and then dried at 126°C for 2.5 minutes.

Example 2 was coated in a similar way with the same level of Pycal® 94. The various polymer compositions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Example PVP Primacor Pycal 94 PVA (% by wt. 5980 per 100% (% by wt. ) (% by wt. ) polymer

1 50 50 9 g

2 65 35 9 g

3C 100

4C 100

5C 50 50

These single layer ink-receptive sheets were tested in the same manner as described, and the results are reported in Table 2.

Table 2

Ex. Dry Time (min) cyan magenta red blue black

1 3.5 2.0 >13 6 >13

2 5.5 4.0 4 4

⁵

3C >13 >13 >13 >13 >13

4C >13 >13 >13 >13 >13

5C >13 >13 >13 >13 >13

These examples show the effect of a Primacor®/PVP blend on dry time.

Example 6

This two layer example was made with a base layer similar to the single layer made in Example 1, and this layer was overcoated with an upper layer made as follows:

10 g of a 1.25% aqueous solution of Methocel®K15M was mixed with 10 g of a 1% solution of Methocel® J5MS, 0.8 g of a 28% aqueous solution of PTSA/PEI having a ratio of 1:1.8, 0.8 g of a 5% aqueous solution of boric acid, 0.2 g of a 30% aqueous solution of Ludox® LLS, and

0.5 g of a 10% aqueous solution of LokSiz® 30. The dry times were cyan 0.5 in.; magenta, 0.5 min.; red, 3.5 in.; blue, 3.5 min., and black, 8.0 minutes.

Examples 7-9 These ink-receptive sheets were 2-layer films. The base layer was made using the same formulation used in Example 2, and the top layers were as shown in Table 3. Table 3

Ex. /Upper Layer 7 8 9

Methocel® K15M 100%

Methocel® MJ5 100%

PVA (Vinol 540) 3.2%

LokSiz® 30 0.8%

Xanthan Gum* 2.2%

Ethanol 93.8%

*Xanthan gum was added with rapid agitation at room temperature.

These sheets were also tested as above, and the results are shown in Table 4. Example 9 exhibited mud- cracking, which shows that when a two-layer coating system where the upper layer is made without a modified cellulose binder, mud-cracking is likely.

Table 4

Ex. Dry Time (min) cyan magenta red blue black

7 6 3 8 8 12

8 9 3.0 11 6 13

9 1.25 0.25 6.25 5.75 12

Examples 10-llC These examples were 2-layer films, using the base layer formulation of Example 2 as the base layer of Example 10, while the base layer of Example 11C and both the top layers are described in Table 5. Table 5

These ink receptive sheets were tested using the Deskjet™ 500C. The dry time and mud-cracking results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6

Claims

What is Claimed is

1. An ink-receptive coating suitable for use on an ink-receptive sheet comprising at least two layers, a thick liquid absorbent base layer for ink absorption, and a thin upper layer wherein said base layer, comprises a hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer and a polyethylene- acrylic acid copolymer comprising at least 10% by weight acrylic acid.

2. A single layer ink-receptive coating suitable for on an ink-receptive sheet comprising a hydrophilic liquid absorbent polymer and a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer comprising at least about 10% by weight acrylic acid.

3. An ink-receptive coating according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer comprises at least 20% acrylic acid.

4. An ink-receptive coating according to claim 1 wherein said base layer comprises a water-absorbent material selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, modified polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, and modified polyvinyl alcohols.

5. An ink-receptive coating system according to claim 1 wherein said top layer comprises a high viscosity cellulose selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and blends thereof.

6. An ink-receptive coating system comprising a two-layer ink-receptive coating system according to claim 1, wherein the base layer comprises a blend of a polyethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

7. An ink-receptive coating system comprising a two-layer ink-receptive coating system according to claim 1 wherein said upper layer comprises a) a high viscosity methylcellulose binder, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or blends thereof, and b) an organic acid salt selected from the group consisting of salts of polyethyleneimine and salts substituted polyethyleneimine.

8. An ink-receptive coating system according to claim 1 wherein said top layer has a thickness of from

0.5 mm to 10 mm, and said base layer has a thickness of from 10 mm to 40 mm.

9. An ink-receptive coating system according to claim 1 comprising a mordant in said upper layer.

10. An ink-receptive sheet comprising a substrate having a coating according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said substrate is a transparent substrate selected from the group consisting of cellulose triacetate or cellulose diacetate, poly(ethylene naphthalate) , polyesters, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polystyrene films.