WO1996035961A1 - Airport surface detection radar - Google Patents
Airport surface detection radar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996035961A1 WO1996035961A1 PCT/US1996/006440 US9606440W WO9635961A1 WO 1996035961 A1 WO1996035961 A1 WO 1996035961A1 US 9606440 W US9606440 W US 9606440W WO 9635961 A1 WO9635961 A1 WO 9635961A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- target
- monopulse
- asdr
- receiver
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
- G01S13/44—Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
- G01S13/343—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal using sawtooth modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/933—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
- G01S13/934—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft on airport surfaces, e.g. while taxiing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
- G01S2013/916—Airport surface monitoring [ASDE]
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of radar and more particularly to an airport surface detection radar utilizing high range-resolution.
- Airport surface detection radars are well known and have been in operation in the United States for well over 35 years. Such systems present a radar map of an air field to a controller who may use the radar map to determine the position and heading of planes on the ground. In general, planes which are in the air are not detected by these radars except when they are very close to the ground, during takeoff and landing.
- Angular discrimination is dependent on the design of the radar antenna, on the frequency used and on the characteristics and separation of the objects being mapped. It should be understood, however, that poor range resolution may also affect the ability of the radar system to discriminate between objects whose angular spacing is greater than the angular discrimination of the antenna. In some radar applications, for example in tracking isolated targets, angular discrimination may be enhanced by using monopulse reception of the reflections. However, in ASDR applications where the objects being mapped are often very closely spaced, monopulse reception is generally unreliable due receptions from multiple targets at a given range.
- FM/C radar systems are known in the art.
- FM/CW is used in the Improved CW Radar (ICWR) of Hawk missile systems.
- ICWR Improved CW Radar
- These radars transmit a CW signal whose frequency is varied linearly with time.
- the range of an object is determined by measuring the difference in frequency between the signal being transmitted and the signal being received from the target at a given time. If the slope of the frequency variation is known (for example, ⁇ f Hz/sec), the resulting frequency difference ⁇ f is equivalent to a range of ( ⁇ / ⁇ )*c.
- SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of some aspects of the invention to provide a radar system, having a high angular and depth discrimination.
- the present invention employs an FM/CW radar system.
- ASDR Airport Surface Detection Radar
- the present invention is based on the use of an improved, high range-resolution, preferably FM/CW, radar to determine the angular position and range of an object. Since an ASDR target generally gives a complex return, the present invention, by its very high position discrimination allows for the separation of returns from adjacent objects and the identification of groups of returns as coming from the same object.
- an improved, high range-resolution, preferably FM/CW, radar to determine the angular position and range of an object. Since an ASDR target generally gives a complex return, the present invention, by its very high position discrimination allows for the separation of returns from adjacent objects and the identification of groups of returns as coming from the same object.
- the FM/CW radar which is the subject of one aspect of the present invention, utilizes a very stable, preferably very linear FM on a CW signal. Such signals are generated from a digital synthesizer. This results in a high range discrimination between returns from objects. Angular discrimination is enhanced by using monopulse reception of the reflections.
- the present radar system is adapted to have a sufficiently high range-resolution, so as to prevent the monopulse angular discrimination from being contaminated by returns of multiple targets at a given range. This allows the system to use a smaller antenna than conventional systems and to operate at a lower power, resulting in a smaller, solid state, highly reliable system.
- an Airport Surface Detection Radar including: a transmitting antenna; a transmitter which transmits a substantially linearly frequency modulated CW signal via the transmitting antenna; a monopulse receiving antenna; and a monopulse receiver which receives at least one response from a target on an airport surface via the receiving antenna, generates azimuthal sum and difference signals and determines the position of the target responsive to the instantaneous sum and difference signals and an instantaneous orientation of the antennas.
- the ASDR includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) waveform generator.
- DDS waveform generator generates an FM/CW signal which is transmitted by the transmitting antenna such that the at least one response received by the monopulse receiver comprises a response to the FM/CW signal.
- the monopulse receiver has an angular discrimination finer than about 0.5 degrees. Additionally or alternatively, the monopulse receiver has a range resolution finer than about 4 meters, preferably, finer than about 2 meters.
- an FM/CW radar including: a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) waveform generator which generates an FM/CW signal; an antenna system which transmits the FM/CW signal; a receiver which receives a reflected FM/CW signal from a target ; and a signal analyzer which compares the instantaneous frequencies of the transmitted and received signals and determines the range of the target therefrom.
- DDS direct digital synthesizer
- the signal analyzer is a monopulse analyzer which receives sum and difference signals from the receiver.
- a radar system for mapping targets within a predetermined field-of-view including: a transmitting antenna; a transmitter which transmits a signal via the transmitting antenna; a monopulse receiving antenna; and a monopulse receiver which receives at least one response from a target in the field-of-view via the receiving antenna, generates azimuthal sum and difference signals and determines the position of the target responsive to the instantaneous sum and difference signals and orientation of the antennas, wherein the position of the target is determined with a range resolution finer than approximately 4 meters.
- the position of the target is determined with a range resolution finer than approximately 2 meters. Additionally or alternatively, the position of the position target is determined with an azimuthal angle discrimination finer than about 0.5 degrees.
- the predetermined field-of-view includes an airport surface.
- the signal transmitted by the transmitter is frequency modulated CW signal, preferably a substantially linearly frequency modulated CW signal.
- the radar system includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) waveform generator which generates the frequency modulated CW signal.
- DDS direct digital synthesizer
- Fig. 1A shows the transmitted and received waveforms in a linear FM/CW radar, illustrating a range determination method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. IB is a simplified block diagram showing an FM/CW transmitter/receiver radar system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 1C shows a typical output of the system illustrated by the block diagram of Fig. IB;
- Fig. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an Airport Surface Detection Radar (ASDR) in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a DDS based oscillator as used in the ASDR of Fig. 2, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a radar signal and data processor, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1A shows, in simplified form, the transmitted and reflected waveforms of a FM/CW radar system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a CW signal having a frequency modulation which varies as a ramp is transmitted by an antenna.
- the frequency variation of this signal is shown in Fig. 1A by a solid curve 100.
- Fig. IB shows a simple transmitter/receiver for a FM/CW radar system operating in accordance with the principle of Fig. 1A.
- a generator 110 generates a signal having the frequency variation such as that shown in Fig. 1A. This signal is amplified by a power amplifier 112 and transmitted via the direct path of a pick-off 114 to a transmitting antenna 116.
- a sample of the transmitted signal, from pick-off 114, and a return signal received from a receiving antenna 118 are mixed in a mixer 120 and filtered by a band pass filter (BPF) 122 which removes undesired returns signals, e.g. return from objects outside a given distance range.
- BPF band pass filter
- the frequency of the mixed and filtered signal is substantially linearly dependent on the range of the object being mapped.
- the signal from BPF 122 is then digitized by an analog to digital (A/D) converter 124 and the digitized signal, which includes LFM frequency components from both transmitted and received signals, is analyzed by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or other frequency analyzer 126 to produce the spectrum shown in Fig. 1C.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- Fig. IB is an extremely simplified version of a FM/CW radar and that many variations of portions of the circuit are possible.
- a circulator and a single antenna may be used in place of the pick-off and dual antenna system shown in Fig. 1 and/or the digitization may take place earlier in the signal path or the system may be completely analog.
- a monopulse receiver is preferably used to improve the angular discrimination of the receiving antenna, as described below.
- Other variants in the circuit shown in Fig. IB are also possible, as known in the art.
- Fig. 1C shows the output of frequency analyzer 126 for the simple reflection illustrated in Fig. 1A.
- a signal output representing the transmitted signal is shown as a blip 125 at a time corresponding to a frequency If(f 0 ).
- This signal acts as a reference for reflected signals, one of which is shown as a blip 127 at a frequency ⁇ f greater than that of the reference. If more than one reflection are received simultaneously from one or more targets they would be represented by separate spectral components at various frequencies corresponding to their distances.
- the ability of a FM/CW radar to resolve different components of the overall reflection depends on both the range resolution and the angular discrimination of the system. If the angular discrimination is not sufficient, then the frequency components of two targets which are angularly spaced will overlap and it will be impossible to discriminate between them. Similarly, if the range resolution is not sufficient, then it will be impossible to discriminate two radially displaced objects.
- the present invention utilizes a particularly high range-resolution to enable angular discrimination by a monopulse receiver, as described in detail below, obviating the need for large antennas. Such a system is not useful in the absence of high range resolution.
- the present invention is described above and below in the context of an FM/CW radar system, as is preferably the case. However, it should be appreciated that other methods and systems, for example short-pulse radar systems, may alternatively be used for providing the high range resolution required by the present invention. Nevertheless, the FM/CW embodiment is preferred because of its generally simpler and less expensive implementation.
- a basic requirement for high range-resolution when using FM/CW radars is extremely accurate linearity of signal source 110, or at least a variation with time which is very stable and predictable, so that corrections may be made for any non- linearity of the frequency sweep. As shown below, such a system is achievable in accordance with one aspect of the invention.
- a simplified block diagram of an ASDR system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2.
- a DDS based waveform generator 130 described more fully below, generates a basis FM/CW signal such as that shown in Fig. 1.
- This waveform is up-converted to, for example, Ku band by an up- converter 132, of conventional design, which receives a reference frequency from an exciter 134 via a line 136.
- Exciter 134 also generates one or more fixed frequency signals which are received by waveform generator 130 on line 138 and which are used together with control signals received from a controller 140 on a line 142, to produce the basic FM/CW signal.
- the output of up-converter 132 is transmitted by a transmitting antenna 144 after being amplified by a transmitter 146.
- Signals reflected by targets in the beam of antenna 144 are received by a monopulse receiving antenna 148 which rotates, together with antenna 144, at a relatively high rate, for example at a rate of 60 RPM corresponding to an update rate of 1 Hz.
- the signals received by monopulse antenna 148 are converted, by a front end 150 of conventional design, into sum and difference signals.
- the sum and difference signals are down-converted by down-converter 152, which receives a reference signal from up- converter 132 via a line 154, to intermediate frequency (IF) signals.
- the IF sum and difference signals are converted to video sum and difference signals by an IF converter 156 which receives the IF reference signal from exciter 134 via a line 157.
- the video sum and difference signals are converted into a high angular discrimination reflection signal by a video unit 158 of conventional design and sent to a processor 160.
- Front end 150, down converter 152, IF converter 156 and video unit 158 may all be embodied in superheterodyne receiver, as is well known in the art.
- Processor 160 has a number of tasks. First, the processor analyzes the reflection signals and transforms them into range signals, for example, using a FFT. Second, processor 160 communicates with controller 140 providing the controller with a clock frequency, for example a 24 MHz clock frequency, as is known in the art. These requirements are transmitted to exciter 134 as control signals on a line 162.
- Processor 160 also controls the rotation of the antennas via a pedestal controller 164, for example at approximately 60 RPM, and receives information on the angular position of the antennas from a shaft encoder 166.
- encoder 166 has a high resolution and accuracy, desirably a 14 bit resolution and accuracy.
- processor 160 uses this information and the signals received from video unit 158, processor 160 displays on a display 165 a map of the reflections from targets on the surface.
- a user interface 168 allows an operator to turn on the system and to change certain parameters such as overall range of the system and rotation rate.
- waveform generator 130 includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) 170, such as a PLESSEY SP 2002, controlled by an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)/counter 172 which provides DDS 170 with control signals via a bus 174. These control signals designate the instantaneous frequency output of DDS 170 with respect to the signal received from exciter 134 via line 138.
- ALU/counter 172 generates the control signals in response to an FM start signal which designates the starting frequency of the DDS and an FM rate signal which designates the frequency change with each clock pulse. These two signals are received by ALU/counter 172 from controller 140 via lines 142.
- a stable linear waveform such as that produced by generator 130 allows for fine range discrimination and thus makes it possible to produce a compact relatively low power, all solid state ASDR system.
- transmitter 146 can generate 10 watts of output power using any suitable solid state amplifier.
- exciter 134 supplies a 24 MHz and a 1.44 GHz signal to waveform generator 130, a 1.44 GHz and a 1.68MHz signal to up-converter 132, a 1.68 GHz signal to down converter 152 and a 1.656 GHz signal to IF converter 156. All of these frequencies are generated based on a master crystal oscillator in the exciter operating at 240 MHz.
- the output of waveform generator 130 is in the 360 MHz range and is swept over a range of between 240 MHz and 480 MHz depending on the desired resolution.
- Antenna 144 is a feed- horn/parabolic antenna having a horizontal extent of 0.4-0.6 meters and a vertical extent of 1.2-1.5 meters.
- receiving antenna 148 is a dual feed-horn/parabolic antenna of similar dimensions and has an intrinsic angular discrimination of approximately 1 degree. As a result of the monopulse reception, this discrimination is improved to 0.3 degrees or better. This angular discrimination results in a linear azimuth discrimination of approximately 2.5 meters at a 500 meter range.
- the range of this system is normally between 100 meters and 4,000 meters. This allows a range resolution finer than 4 meters, typically 1-2 meters.
- the elevation beam-width of the antenna system is preferably on the order of 25 degrees, e.g. between the horizon and 25 degrees below the horizon, which ensures exclusion of flying objects.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes a first IF frequency of 1,680 MHz and a second IF frequency of 24 MHz.
- the DDS-based waveform generator 130 described above which preferably employs a precision crystal oscillator source as known in the art, provides an FM/CW signal having an extremely accurate linearity which is sufficient for the range-resolution requirements of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a radar signal and data processor 190, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which combines the functions of video unit 158 and processor 160.
- Sum and difference signals, ⁇ and ⁇ are digitized by a dual A/D 192 and sent to two FFT converters 194 and 196, respectively.
- the digitized sum and difference inputs received by FFT converters 194 and 196 may include 10 MHz signals, as indicated in Fig.4.
- FFT converter 194 generates a FFT-converted digitized sum signal, for example a 5MHz signal as indicated in Fig. 4, which is filtered by a magnitude thresholder 197.
- FFT converter 196 generates a FFT- converted digitized difference signal, for example a 5MHz signal as indicated in Fig. 4, which is filtered by a sum-to-difference comparator 199.
- Filtered sum and difference signals, 198 and 200, respectively, are received by a fast input/output interface unit 202 which also receives an indication of the azimuth from the shaft encoder 166 and produces an azimuth signal 204 which is sent to a fast computer 206 such as a DEC 2100 computer.
- Computer 206 converts the digitized video from polar coordinates to longitude/latitude coordinates, provides a digital Sensitivity Time Control equivalent capability, eliminates multi-path signals, stores clutter returns from previous scans, creates a dynamic type clutter map to facilitate clutter suppression, provides video encoding, video correlation and video integration and provides tracking (i.e. following) capability for a large number of targets. It should be appreciated that computer 206 may be adapted to perform any other desired functions as may be required. It should be further appreciated that the functions attributed to computer 206 may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both, in accordance with specific design considerations, as known in the art.
- Information generated by computer 206 is transferred to a display processor and to a VME I/F 208 via ethernet. Most of the elements of radar signal and data processor 190 communicate via a VME bus 210. Based on information generated by computer 206, the display processor adds data tags, alarms for runway incursion, advisories of cautions and warnings, vehicle obstructions on active runways and on approach paths, etc., to the display.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9609372A BR9609372A (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1996-05-08 | Radar |
EP96915567A EP0824707A4 (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1996-05-08 | Airport surface detection radar |
AU57314/96A AU5731496A (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1996-05-08 | Airport surface detection radar |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL11367695A IL113676A (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1995-05-09 | Airport surface detection radar |
IL113,676 | 1995-05-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996035961A1 true WO1996035961A1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
Family
ID=11067456
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/006440 WO1996035961A1 (en) | 1995-05-09 | 1996-05-08 | Airport surface detection radar |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0824707A4 (en) |
KR (1) | KR19990014672A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1190466A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5731496A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9609372A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2220150A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL113676A (en) |
PL (1) | PL323317A1 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199701318T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996035961A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
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US6081226A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-06-27 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Multi-mode radar exciter |
EP1712931A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-18 | Qinetiq Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting a target in a scene |
US7667647B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-02-23 | Era Systems Corporation | Extension of aircraft tracking and positive identification from movement areas into non-movement areas |
US7739167B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-06-15 | Era Systems Corporation | Automated management of airport revenues |
US7777675B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-08-17 | Era Systems Corporation | Deployable passive broadband aircraft tracking |
US7782256B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-08-24 | Era Systems Corporation | Enhanced passive coherent location techniques to track and identify UAVs, UCAVs, MAVs, and other objects |
US7889133B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2011-02-15 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Multilateration enhancements for noise and operations management |
US7908077B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 | 2011-03-15 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Land use compatibility planning software |
US7965227B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2011-06-21 | Era Systems, Inc. | Aircraft tracking using low cost tagging as a discriminator |
US8072382B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2011-12-06 | Sra International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ADS-B validation, active and passive multilateration, and elliptical surveillance |
US8203486B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2012-06-19 | Omnipol A.S. | Transmitter independent techniques to extend the performance of passive coherent location |
US8446321B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2013-05-21 | Omnipol A.S. | Deployable intelligence and tracking system for homeland security and search and rescue |
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JP4551145B2 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2010-09-22 | 富士通株式会社 | Radar apparatus and radar apparatus control method |
KR100689421B1 (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2007-03-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Base station antenna system and method for estimating mobile station direction in a wireless communication system |
CN101706569B (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2012-01-25 | 民航数据通信有限责任公司 | Method and device for estimating covering precision of multipoint positioning system |
CN102540263A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-04 | 成都芯通科技股份有限公司 | Method for solving safety problem of airport runways |
CN108459352A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-28 | 上海和璞电子技术有限公司 | Unmanned plane detects and drives system |
CN110888134B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2023-07-18 | 电子科技大学 | Non-cooperative and cooperative integrated airport scene monitoring system |
CN113030943B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-08-18 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学航空机务士官学校 | Multi-target tracking algorithm based on monopulse radar signal acquisition azimuth range profile |
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-
1995
- 1995-05-09 IL IL11367695A patent/IL113676A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-05-08 AU AU57314/96A patent/AU5731496A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-08 CA CA002220150A patent/CA2220150A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-08 WO PCT/US1996/006440 patent/WO1996035961A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-08 TR TR97/01318T patent/TR199701318T1/en unknown
- 1996-05-08 BR BR9609372A patent/BR9609372A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-08 KR KR1019970708013A patent/KR19990014672A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-08 CN CN96193823A patent/CN1190466A/en active Pending
- 1996-05-08 EP EP96915567A patent/EP0824707A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-08 PL PL96323317A patent/PL323317A1/en unknown
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US6081226A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-06-27 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Multi-mode radar exciter |
US7782256B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-08-24 | Era Systems Corporation | Enhanced passive coherent location techniques to track and identify UAVs, UCAVs, MAVs, and other objects |
US7889133B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2011-02-15 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Multilateration enhancements for noise and operations management |
US7667647B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-02-23 | Era Systems Corporation | Extension of aircraft tracking and positive identification from movement areas into non-movement areas |
US7739167B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-06-15 | Era Systems Corporation | Automated management of airport revenues |
US7777675B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-08-17 | Era Systems Corporation | Deployable passive broadband aircraft tracking |
US8446321B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2013-05-21 | Omnipol A.S. | Deployable intelligence and tracking system for homeland security and search and rescue |
US8203486B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2012-06-19 | Omnipol A.S. | Transmitter independent techniques to extend the performance of passive coherent location |
US8072382B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2011-12-06 | Sra International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ADS-B validation, active and passive multilateration, and elliptical surveillance |
US7908077B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 | 2011-03-15 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Land use compatibility planning software |
WO2006109074A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | Qinetiq Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting a target in a scene |
AU2006235724B2 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2011-01-27 | Qinetiq Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting a target in a scene |
EP1712931A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-18 | Qinetiq Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting a target in a scene |
US8483430B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2013-07-09 | Qinetiq Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting a target in a scene using normalized data elements |
US7965227B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2011-06-21 | Era Systems, Inc. | Aircraft tracking using low cost tagging as a discriminator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0824707A4 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
CN1190466A (en) | 1998-08-12 |
IL113676A (en) | 1999-05-09 |
KR19990014672A (en) | 1999-02-25 |
EP0824707A1 (en) | 1998-02-25 |
IL113676A0 (en) | 1996-12-05 |
TR199701318T1 (en) | 1998-03-21 |
MX9708610A (en) | 1998-06-28 |
PL323317A1 (en) | 1998-03-16 |
AU5731496A (en) | 1996-11-29 |
CA2220150A1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
BR9609372A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
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