WO1996038853A1 - A field emission display device - Google Patents

A field emission display device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996038853A1
WO1996038853A1 PCT/US1996/007991 US9607991W WO9638853A1 WO 1996038853 A1 WO1996038853 A1 WO 1996038853A1 US 9607991 W US9607991 W US 9607991W WO 9638853 A1 WO9638853 A1 WO 9638853A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
work function
effective work
low effective
function material
cathode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/007991
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nalin Kumar
Original Assignee
Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation filed Critical Microelectronics And Computer Technology Corporation
Publication of WO1996038853A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996038853A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
    • H01J1/304—Field-emissive cathodes
    • H01J1/3042—Field-emissive cathodes microengineered, e.g. Spindt-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
    • H01J1/304—Field-emissive cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
    • H01J1/316—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode having an electric field parallel to the surface, e.g. thin film cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/10—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
    • H01J31/12—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen
    • H01J31/123—Flat display tubes
    • H01J31/125—Flat display tubes provided with control means permitting the electron beam to reach selected parts of the screen, e.g. digital selection
    • H01J31/127—Flat display tubes provided with control means permitting the electron beam to reach selected parts of the screen, e.g. digital selection using large area or array sources, i.e. essentially a source for each pixel group
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0675—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
    • H01J61/0677—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode characterised by the electron emissive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J63/00—Cathode-ray or electron-stream lamps
    • H01J63/06—Lamps with luminescent screen excited by the ray or stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
    • H01J9/027—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of thin film cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
    • H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
    • H01J2201/304—Field emission cathodes
    • H01J2201/30403—Field emission cathodes characterised by the emitter shape
    • H01J2201/30426—Coatings on the emitter surface, e.g. with low work function materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
    • H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
    • H01J2201/304—Field emission cathodes
    • H01J2201/30446—Field emission cathodes characterised by the emitter material
    • H01J2201/30453—Carbon types
    • H01J2201/30457—Diamond
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
    • H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
    • H01J2201/316—Cold cathodes having an electric field parallel to the surface thereof, e.g. thin film cathodes
    • H01J2201/3165—Surface conduction emission type cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
    • H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
    • H01J2201/319—Circuit elements associated with the emitters by direct integration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
    • H01J2329/86—Vessels
    • H01J2329/8625—Spacing members

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to flat panel displays for computers and the like, and, more particularly, to flat panel displays that are of a field emission type with flat cathode emitters.
  • Field emission computer displays in the general sense, are not new. For years there have been displays that comprise a plurality of field emission cathodes and corresponding anodes (field emission devices ("FEDs”)), the anodes emitting light in response to electron bombardment from the corresponding cathodes.
  • FEDs field emission devices
  • FIGURE 1 there is illustrated a portion of a display device 10 produced in accordance with the prior art teachings of micro-tipped cathodes.
  • Display 10 includes an anode comprising glass substrate 15, conductive layer 20 and phosphor layer 16, which may comprise any known phosphor material capable of emitting photons in response to bombardment by electrons.
  • the cathode comprises substrate 11 , which may be comprised of glass, on which micro-tip 12 has been formed.
  • Micro-tip 12 has often been comprised of a metal such as molybdenum, or a semiconductor material such as silicon, or a combination of molybdenum and silicon.
  • a metal layer 17 may be deposited on substrate 11.
  • Metal layer 17 is conductive and operable for providing an electrical potential to the cathode.
  • Dielectric film 13 is deposited on top of metal layer 17.
  • Dielectric layer 13 may comprise an silicon-oxide material.
  • a second electrode 14 is deposited upon dielectric layer 13 to act as a gate electrode for the operation of display 10.
  • Device 10 operates by the application of an electrical potential between gate electrode 14 and layer 17 to cause the field emission of electrons from micro-tip 12 to phosphor layer 16.
  • an electrical potential may also be applied to metal layer 20 between glass substrate 15 and phosphor layer 16.
  • One or more of anode conductive layer 20, gate electrode 14 and metal layer 17 may be individually addressable in a manner so that pixels within a display may be individually addressed in a matrix addressable configuration.
  • micro-tip 12 is comprised of a submicro-tip 18 which may consist of such materials as a conductive metal (e.g., molybdenum) with layer 19 formed thereon.
  • Layer 19 has typically comprised any well-known low work function material.
  • micro-tip cathodes require extensive fabrication facilities to finely tailor the micro-tips to a conical shape.
  • it is very difficult to build large area field emitters because cone size is limited by the lithography equipment.
  • diode structure FED panels require high voltage drivers, increasing the overall display system cost.
  • this forces the use of lower anode voltages, which limits the maximum panel efficiency and brightness.
  • the present invention satisfies the foregoing needs by providing a flat panel display comprising a flat cathode that is thinner than prior flat cathode structures.
  • the pixel structure is produced by coating an appropriate substrate with a thin strip of a non-homogenous low effective work function ("LWF") material such as a cermet, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond films, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, or amorphic diamond.
  • LWF low effective work function
  • the above pixel structure can be used to fabricate a cathode plate for a matrix addressable FED panel.
  • the present invention may be referred to as having a triode structure (three terminals, or electrodes), though the structure of the present invention is dissimilar to typical triode structure FEDs.
  • Advantages of the present invention include low power dissipation, high intensity and projected low cost to manufacture. Another advantage of the present invention is that a reduced driver voltage is required increasing the power efficiency of a resultant display panel.
  • cathode structure has a less number of layers than prior flat cathode triode structures, resulting in reduced manufacturing time.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a prior art triode structure FED pixel
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates another prior art triode structure FED pixel
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates a portion of a flat cathode triode structure pixel
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates a portion of a cathode or a flat panel display implemented in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates a data processing system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 3 there is illustrated a portion of a flat panel display comprising a triode structure pixel employing a flat cathode as disclosed within Serial No. 07/993,863.
  • Display 30 comprises an anode which may be configured in the same way as described earlier.
  • the anode may comprise a glass substrate 15, with a conductive layer 20 disposed thereover and a phosphor layer 16 disposed over conductive layer 20.
  • An electrical potential may be applied to conductive layer 20 for producing the required electric field as described below.
  • the cathode comprises substrate 32, which may have a conductive layer (not shown) deposited thereon, such as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • Flat cathode emitter 31 is then deposited and may comprise a low effective work function material such as amorphic diamond.
  • Dielectric film 33 is then deposited on substrate 32 in order to support gate electrode 34. Electrical potentials may be applied to conductive layer 20, gate electrode 34 and the conducting layer on substrate 32 (not shown). The operation of display 30 is as described within Serial No. 07,993,863.
  • FIGURE 4 there is illustrated a portion of display 40 configured in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • Display 40 is somewhat based upon the structure and operation of display 30.
  • the anode is as described above with respect to FIGURE 3.
  • the cathode comprises substrate 42 which may consist of glass, whereon a thin layer 41 of a non-homogenous LWF material such as cermet, CVD diamond films, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, or amorphic diamond has been deposited thereon.
  • cermet is an acronym for ceramic and metal, which may be a mixture of an insulating material and a highly conducting material.
  • Amorphic diamond is as described in Serial Nos. 07/993,863 and 07/995,846 referenced above.
  • layer 41 comprises two primary portions 45 and 46. There may be one each of portions 45 and 46 within layer 41 or a plurality of each.
  • Portion 45 comprises a metal or conductive material (e.g., aluminum, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, graphite), while portion 46 may comprise an insulating material (e.g., diamond, amorphic diamond, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, silicon dioxide).
  • insulating material e.g., diamond, amorphic diamond, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, silicon dioxide.
  • What is essential is the interface 47 between materials 45 and 46. It is conducting-insulating interface 47 where electrons are released upon an application of an electric field (a few volts to 50 volts) between conducting strips 43 and 44. These electrons are then attracted to phosphor layer 16 by an electric field (100-30,000 volts) between the anode and cathode, which is assisted by the application of a potential to conducting layer 20 in the anode
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates that pixel 40 is operable with only one conducting- insulating interface within cathode 41.
  • Cathode 41 may be fabricated using the following described process. Note, the structures illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 6 may also be constructed using the following fabrication process.
  • Substrate 42 which may be glass or ceramic, is coated with a thin layer, typically 0.001-1 micron thick, of LWF material using any one of several appropriate deposition techniques.
  • a standard photolithographic process involving coating of a photoresist, exposure through a mask, development of the photoresist, and etching of the LWF material in order to define the LWF layer into pixel or sub-pixel sized strips or patches of cathode 41. (In FIGURE 6, such a pixel patch is shown as item 51.)
  • a metal contact deposition followed by a standard photolithography to define the electrical contact areas 43 and 44.
  • FIGURE 5 there is shown another embodiment of the present invention whereby pixel 50 comprises an anode similar to the one described with respect to FIGURE 4 and a cathode, which may be comprised with layer 51 of cermet or amorphic diamond.
  • the cermet or amorphic diamond may have many interfaces 47 between conducting material 45 and insulating material 46. These conducting- insulating interfaces 47 have electrons hop up from the interface 47 due to a low voltage applied across metal contacts 43 and 44.
  • Electrodes 43 and 44 may be comprised of aluminum, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, or graphite.
  • Electrode layer 20 may be comprised of indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • FIGURE 6 there is illustrated a portion of a matrix addressable flat panel display.
  • the portion illustrated is a top view of four pixels (e.g., pixel 40 or 50) addressable in a manner well-known in the art.
  • a cathode layer 51 may be addressed by the application of a voltage potential across electrodes 43 and 44 in a matrix-addressable manner.
  • cathode layer 51 may be replaced by cathode layer 41, shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the matrix addressing of pixels may be performed as discussed within Serial No. 07/995,846 or U.S. Patent No. 5,015,912, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates a typical hardware configuration of a workstation in accordance with the subject invention having central processing unit 710, such as a conventional microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via system bus 712.
  • central processing unit 710 such as a conventional microprocessor
  • system bus 712 interconnects system bus 712.
  • the workstation shown in FIGURE 7 includes random access memory (RAM) 714, read only memory (ROM) 716, and input/output (I O) adapter 718 for connecting peripheral devices such as disk units 720 and tape drives 740 to bus 712, user interface adapter 722 for connecting keyboard 724, mouse 726, speaker 728, microphone 732, and/or other user interface devices such as a touch screen device (not shown) to bus 712, communication adapter 734 for connecting the workstation to a data processing network, and display adapter 736 for connecting bus 712 to display device 738.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • I O input/output
  • Display device 738 may be configured as an FED display in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.

Abstract

A matrix addressable flat panel display includes a flat cathode (31) operable for emitting electrons to an anode (15) when an electric field is produced across the surface of the flat cathode by two electrodes (34) placed on each side of the flat cathode. The flat cathode (31) may consist of a cermet or amorphic diamond or some other combination of a conducting material and an insulating material such as a low effective work function material. The electric field produced causes electrons to hop on the surface of the cathode (31) at the conducting-insulating interfaces. An electric field produced between the anode (15) and the cathode (31) causes these electrons to bombard a phosphor layer (16) on the anode (15).

Description

A FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY DEVICE
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 07/993,863, which was filed on December 23, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 07/851,701, filed March 16, 1992, which was abandoned and refiled as a continuation application
Serial No. 08/300,771. These applications are incorporated herein by reference.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application for patent is related to the following application for patent filed concurrently herewith:
A METHOD OF MAKING A FIELD EMITTER, Serial No. 08/AAA,AAA (8520-P018US).
TECHNICAL FIELD QF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to flat panel displays for computers and the like, and, more particularly, to flat panel displays that are of a field emission type with flat cathode emitters. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field emission computer displays, in the general sense, are not new. For years there have been displays that comprise a plurality of field emission cathodes and corresponding anodes (field emission devices ("FEDs")), the anodes emitting light in response to electron bombardment from the corresponding cathodes.
For a discussion on the nature of field emission, please refer to the referenced parent application, Serial No. 07/993,863, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Micro-tipped cathodes have been well-known in the art for several years.
Please refer to U.S. Patent Nos. 3,665,241, 3,755,704, 3,789,471, 3,812,559, 4,857,799, and 5,015,912, each issued to Spindt, et al., for teachings of micro-tipped cathodes and the use of micro-tipped cathodes within triode pixel (three electrodes) displays.
Referring to FIGURE 1, there is illustrated a portion of a display device 10 produced in accordance with the prior art teachings of micro-tipped cathodes.
Display 10 includes an anode comprising glass substrate 15, conductive layer 20 and phosphor layer 16, which may comprise any known phosphor material capable of emitting photons in response to bombardment by electrons.
The cathode comprises substrate 11 , which may be comprised of glass, on which micro-tip 12 has been formed. Micro-tip 12 has often been comprised of a metal such as molybdenum, or a semiconductor material such as silicon, or a combination of molybdenum and silicon. A metal layer 17 may be deposited on substrate 11. Metal layer 17 is conductive and operable for providing an electrical potential to the cathode. Dielectric film 13 is deposited on top of metal layer 17. Dielectric layer 13 may comprise an silicon-oxide material.
A second electrode 14 is deposited upon dielectric layer 13 to act as a gate electrode for the operation of display 10. Device 10 operates by the application of an electrical potential between gate electrode 14 and layer 17 to cause the field emission of electrons from micro-tip 12 to phosphor layer 16. Note, an electrical potential may also be applied to metal layer 20 between glass substrate 15 and phosphor layer 16. One or more of anode conductive layer 20, gate electrode 14 and metal layer 17 may be individually addressable in a manner so that pixels within a display may be individually addressed in a matrix addressable configuration.
Referring next to FIGURE 2, there is shown an alternative embodiment of display 10 wherein micro-tip 12 is comprised of a submicro-tip 18 which may consist of such materials as a conductive metal (e.g., molybdenum) with layer 19 formed thereon. Layer 19 has typically comprised any well-known low work function material.
As was discussed in Serial No. 07/993,863 referenced above, fabrication of micro-tip cathodes requires extensive fabrication facilities to finely tailor the micro-tips to a conical shape. At the same time, it is very difficult to build large area field emitters because cone size is limited by the lithography equipment. In addition, it is difficult to perform very fine feature lithography on large area substrates, as required by flat panel display type applications.
The viability of producing a flat cathode using amorphic diamond thin films and building diode structure field emission display panels using such cathodes has been shown in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/995,846, which is also a continuation-in-part application of Serial No. 07/851,701 referenced above. Serial No. 07/995,846 is owned by a common assignee of the present invention. Serial No. 07/995,846 is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Such flat cathodes overcome many of the above-noted problems associated with micro- tipped cathodes.
However, diode structure FED panels require high voltage drivers, increasing the overall display system cost. In addition, this forces the use of lower anode voltages, which limits the maximum panel efficiency and brightness.
Thus, there is a need in the art to develop an FED pixel structure that will work with flat cathodes and will not require fine conical or pyramid-shaped features
(i.e., micro-tipped cathodes), yet overcomes the problems associated with diode structure FED panels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention satisfies the foregoing needs by providing a flat panel display comprising a flat cathode that is thinner than prior flat cathode structures. The pixel structure is produced by coating an appropriate substrate with a thin strip of a non-homogenous low effective work function ("LWF") material such as a cermet, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond films, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, or amorphic diamond. When a low voltage is applied to metal contacts attached to the two ends of the thin strip, electrons flow under the applied electric field atop the LWF strip. Due to the non-homogenous nature of the cathode film, electrons hop across the conducting-insulating interface's) integrated within the LWF material. It is well known that electrons will "hop" across such a conducting-insulating interface in materials having such interfaces such as those materials listed above. Such a phenomenon is sometimes referred to as "hopping conduction." If the insulating phase has a low or negative electron affinity, a fraction of these electrons can be removed by a very low electric field applied with the help of a third electrode associated with the anode placed above the cathode strip. A thin film of 100-10,000 angstroms thickness may be used in such a structure. The minimum feature sizes are on the order of a pixel size, and no micro-tips or grid structures are needed.
The above pixel structure can be used to fabricate a cathode plate for a matrix addressable FED panel.
The present invention may be referred to as having a triode structure (three terminals, or electrodes), though the structure of the present invention is dissimilar to typical triode structure FEDs.
Advantages of the present invention include low power dissipation, high intensity and projected low cost to manufacture. Another advantage of the present invention is that a reduced driver voltage is required increasing the power efficiency of a resultant display panel.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the cathode structure has a less number of layers than prior flat cathode triode structures, resulting in reduced manufacturing time.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 illustrates a prior art triode structure FED pixel; FIGURE 2 illustrates another prior art triode structure FED pixel; FIGURE 3 illustrates a portion of a flat cathode triode structure pixel; FIGURE 4 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 6 illustrates a portion of a cathode or a flat panel display implemented in accordance with the present invention; and
FIGURE 7 illustrates a data processing system in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE
INVENTION
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits have been shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail. For the most part, details concerning timing considerations and the like have been omitted inasmuch as such details are not necessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present invention and are within the skills of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
Refer now to the drawings wherein depicted elements are not necessarily shown to scale and wherein like or similar elements are designated by the same reference numeral through the several views. Referring to FIGURE 3, there is illustrated a portion of a flat panel display comprising a triode structure pixel employing a flat cathode as disclosed within Serial No. 07/993,863.
Display 30 comprises an anode which may be configured in the same way as described earlier. The anode may comprise a glass substrate 15, with a conductive layer 20 disposed thereover and a phosphor layer 16 disposed over conductive layer 20. An electrical potential may be applied to conductive layer 20 for producing the required electric field as described below.
The cathode comprises substrate 32, which may have a conductive layer (not shown) deposited thereon, such as shown in FIGURE 2. Flat cathode emitter 31 is then deposited and may comprise a low effective work function material such as amorphic diamond. Dielectric film 33 is then deposited on substrate 32 in order to support gate electrode 34. Electrical potentials may be applied to conductive layer 20, gate electrode 34 and the conducting layer on substrate 32 (not shown). The operation of display 30 is as described within Serial No. 07,993,863.
Referring next to FIGURE 4, there is illustrated a portion of display 40 configured in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Display 40 is somewhat based upon the structure and operation of display 30.
The anode is as described above with respect to FIGURE 3. The cathode comprises substrate 42 which may consist of glass, whereon a thin layer 41 of a non-homogenous LWF material such as cermet, CVD diamond films, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, or amorphic diamond has been deposited thereon. Cermet is an acronym for ceramic and metal, which may be a mixture of an insulating material and a highly conducting material. Amorphic diamond is as described in Serial Nos. 07/993,863 and 07/995,846 referenced above.
In FIGURE 4, layer 41 comprises two primary portions 45 and 46. There may be one each of portions 45 and 46 within layer 41 or a plurality of each. Portion 45 comprises a metal or conductive material (e.g., aluminum, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, graphite), while portion 46 may comprise an insulating material (e.g., diamond, amorphic diamond, aluminum nitrite, gallium nitrite, silicon dioxide). What is essential is the interface 47 between materials 45 and 46. It is conducting-insulating interface 47 where electrons are released upon an application of an electric field (a few volts to 50 volts) between conducting strips 43 and 44. These electrons are then attracted to phosphor layer 16 by an electric field (100-30,000 volts) between the anode and cathode, which is assisted by the application of a potential to conducting layer 20 in the anode.
FIGURE 4 illustrates that pixel 40 is operable with only one conducting- insulating interface within cathode 41. Cathode 41 may be fabricated using the following described process. Note, the structures illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 6 may also be constructed using the following fabrication process.
Substrate 42, which may be glass or ceramic, is coated with a thin layer, typically 0.001-1 micron thick, of LWF material using any one of several appropriate deposition techniques. This is followed by a standard photolithographic process, involving coating of a photoresist, exposure through a mask, development of the photoresist, and etching of the LWF material in order to define the LWF layer into pixel or sub-pixel sized strips or patches of cathode 41. (In FIGURE 6, such a pixel patch is shown as item 51.) This is followed by a metal contact deposition followed by a standard photolithography to define the electrical contact areas 43 and 44.
An alternative fabrication method could include fabrication of metal contact areas 43 and 44 over substrate 42 prior to depositing LWF patches 41. LWF patches 41 may be fabricated by use of shadow mask techniques instead of photolithography. Referring next to FIGURE 5, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention whereby pixel 50 comprises an anode similar to the one described with respect to FIGURE 4 and a cathode, which may be comprised with layer 51 of cermet or amorphic diamond. The cermet or amorphic diamond may have many interfaces 47 between conducting material 45 and insulating material 46. These conducting- insulating interfaces 47 have electrons hop up from the interface 47 due to a low voltage applied across metal contacts 43 and 44. These electrons are then caused to bombard phosphor layer 16 by the application of a voltage between the anode and cathode as described above. Electrodes 43 and 44 may be comprised of aluminum, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, or graphite. Electrode layer 20 may be comprised of indium tin oxide (ITO).
Referring next to FIGURE 6, there is illustrated a portion of a matrix addressable flat panel display. The portion illustrated is a top view of four pixels (e.g., pixel 40 or 50) addressable in a manner well-known in the art. As can be seen, a cathode layer 51 may be addressed by the application of a voltage potential across electrodes 43 and 44 in a matrix-addressable manner. Note, cathode layer 51 may be replaced by cathode layer 41, shown in FIGURE 4.
The matrix addressing of pixels may be performed as discussed within Serial No. 07/995,846 or U.S. Patent No. 5,015,912, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
A representative hardware environment for practicing the present invention is depicted in FIGURE 7, which illustrates a typical hardware configuration of a workstation in accordance with the subject invention having central processing unit 710, such as a conventional microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via system bus 712. The workstation shown in FIGURE 7 includes random access memory (RAM) 714, read only memory (ROM) 716, and input/output (I O) adapter 718 for connecting peripheral devices such as disk units 720 and tape drives 740 to bus 712, user interface adapter 722 for connecting keyboard 724, mouse 726, speaker 728, microphone 732, and/or other user interface devices such as a touch screen device (not shown) to bus 712, communication adapter 734 for connecting the workstation to a data processing network, and display adapter 736 for connecting bus 712 to display device 738.
Display device 738 may be configured as an FED display in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A field emission cathode comprising: a low effective work function material; and means operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said low effective work function material.
2. The cathode recited in claim 1 , wherein said low effective work function material is non-homogenous.
3. The cathode recited in claim 2, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material has at least one interface between conducting and insulating materials.
4. The cathode as recited in claim 3, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is a cermet.
5. The cathode as recited in claim 3, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is amorphic diamond.
6. The cathode as recited in claim 3, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is polycrystalline CVD diamond.
7. The cathode as recited in claim 1, further comprising: a substrate, wherein said low effective work function material is deposited as a thin strip on said substrate having a substantially flat surface parallel to a surface of said substrate.
8. The cathode as recited in claim 1, wherein said means operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said low effective work function material further comprises first and second electrodes made of a conductive material.
9. The cathode as recited in claim 1, further comprising: a substrate, wherein said low effective work function material is deposited as a thin strip on said substrate having a substantially flat surface substantially parallel to a surface of said substrate, wherein said means operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said low effective work function material further comprises first and second electrodes made of a conductive material, wherein said first and second electrodes are deposited adjacent separate portions of said thin strip.
10. The cathode as recited in claim 8, wherein said low effective work function material is operable for emitting electrons from said surface when a first voltage potential is applied between said first and second electrodes.
11. A field emission cathode comprising: a substrate; a non-homogenous low effective work function material, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is deposited as a thin strip on said substrate having a substantially flat surface substantially parallel to a surface of said substrate, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material has at least one interface between conducting and insulating materials; and first and second electrodes made of a conductive material operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said non-homogenous low effective work function material, wherein said first and second electrodes are deposited adjacent separate portions of said thin strip.
12. The cathode as recited in claim 11, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is amorphic diamond.
13. A field emission display device comprising: a cathode comprising: a substrate; a low effective work function material deposited on said substrate; and means operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said low effective work function material resulting in an extraction of electrons from said low effective work function material; an anode including a luminescent material operable for emitting photons in response to receipt of said electrons; and means operable for directing said electrons from said cathode to said anode.
14. The device recited in claim 13, wherein said means operable for directing said electrons from said cathode to said anode further comprises means for applying an electric field between said anode and said cathode.
15. The device recited in claim 14, wherein said low effective work function material is non-homogenous.
16. The device recited in claim 15, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material has at least one interface between conducting and insulating materials.
17. The device as recited in claim 15, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is a cermet.
18. The device as recited in claim 15, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is amorphic diamond.
19. The device as recited in claim 15, wherein said low effective work function material is deposited as a thin strip on said substrate having a substantially flat surface substantially parallel to a surface of said substrate.
20. The device as recited in claim 19, wherein said means operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said low effective work function material further comprises first and second electrodes made of a conductive material.
21. The device as recited in claim 20, further comprising means for addressing said first and second electrodes in a matrix-addressable manner.
22. A data processing system comprising a processor, a storage device, a memory device, an input device, an output device, and a display device coupled via a bus, said display device further comprising a field emission cathode comprising: a substrate; a non-homogenous low effective work function material, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is deposited as a thin strip on said substrate, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material has at least one interface between conducting and insulating materials; and first and second electrodes made of a conductive material operable for producing an electric field across a surface of said non-homogenous low effective work function material.
23. The system as recited in claim 22, wherein said electric field results in an extraction of electrons from said low effective work function material, said system further comprising: an anode including a luminescent material operable for emitting photons in response to receipt of said electrons; and means operable for directing said electrons from said cathode to said anode.
24. The system recited in claim 23, wherein said means operable for directing said electrons from said cathode to said anode further comprises means for applying an electric field between said anode and said cathode.
25. The system as recited in claim 24, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is a cermet.
26. The system as recited in claim 22, wherein said non-homogenous low effective work function material is amorphic diamond.
27. The system as recited in claim 26, further comprising means for addressing said first and second electrodes in a matrix-addressable manner.
28. The system as recited in claim 22, wherein said first and second electrodes are deposited on said substrate adjacent said thin strip of non-homogenous low effective work function material.
PCT/US1996/007991 1995-06-01 1996-05-30 A field emission display device WO1996038853A1 (en)

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