WO1996040150A1 - Treatment and prevention of prostatic disease - Google Patents
Treatment and prevention of prostatic disease Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996040150A1 WO1996040150A1 PCT/US1996/008873 US9608873W WO9640150A1 WO 1996040150 A1 WO1996040150 A1 WO 1996040150A1 US 9608873 W US9608873 W US 9608873W WO 9640150 A1 WO9640150 A1 WO 9640150A1
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- shbg
- compound
- estradiol
- diol
- steroid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
- A61K31/568—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol substituted in positions 10 and 13 by a chain having at least one carbon atom, e.g. androstanes, e.g. testosterone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/565—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma are among the most common afflictions of aging men.
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia is often treated surgically with a procedure known as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
- Other surgical procedures performed to release the obstruction of urine include incision or stents. Castration has also resulted in regression of prostatic enlargement.
- Drug therapy for BPH has included alpha- 1 blockers which treat the symptoms of the disease by alleviating obstructive symptoms, but do not effect the underlying cause of the disease, the enlarged prostate gland.
- Representative alpha- 1 blockers used in the treatment of BPH include: prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin and alfuzosin. These drugs relax prostatic smooth muscle tone, decreasing intraurethral pressure without affecting bladder pressure.
- Finasteride (17 ⁇ -(N-tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-aza-5 ⁇ -androst- l-ene-3-one), which is marketed by Merck & Co., Inc., under the tradename PROSCAR®, is an inhibitor of testosterone 5oc-reductase currently marketed for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- a principal mediator of androgenic activity in the prostate is 5cc- dihydrotestosterone ("DHT"), formed locally in the prostate by the action of testosterone-5 ⁇ -reductase.
- DHT 5cc- dihydrotestosterone
- Inhibitors of testosterone-5 ⁇ -reductase inhibit the conversion of testosterone (T) to DHT and serve to prevent or lessen symptoms of hyperandrogenic stimulation in the prostate. See especially United States Patent No. 4,377,584 assigned to Merck & Co., Inc., issued March 22, 1983. Finasteride's utility in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma is also disclosed in the following documents: EP 0 285,382, published 5 October 1988; EP 0 285 383, published 5 October 1988; Canadian Patent no. 1,302,277; and Canadian Patent no. 1,302,276. Both prostatic carcinoma and BPH have been treated with antiandrogens.
- Nonsteroidal antiandrogens such as flutamide and casodex compete with DHT for cytosolic androgen receptor sites in the prostate cells. These non-steroidal antiandrogens do not substantially change sexual potency and libido as the gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists and progestogens do; however, these nonsteroidal antiandrogens often exhibit the undesirable tendency to feminize the male host (gynaecomastia) or initiate feed-back effects which would cause hyperstimulation of the testes.
- GnRH Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
- LH leutinizing hormone
- GnRH agonists are able to reduce the production of testosterone, induce shrinkage of prostate volume and reduce the severity of urinary symptoms of BPH.
- these drugs have adverse effects such as impotence and flushing, which discourage a majority of patients from continuing with the drugs.
- These androgen- suppressing agents are thus of inconsequential significance in BPH treatment, but are of major importance in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
- Progestogens such as megestrol acetate, hydroxyprogesterone and medrogestone depress testosterone by inhibiting LH release and blocking androgen receptors, causing a reduction in prostatic volume.
- Adverse affects such as decreased libido and impotence have kept progestogens from common use in BPH treatment.
- DHT l nM
- T 3 nM
- SHBG Sex hormone binding globulin
- SHBG appears to be a cellular regulator whose interactions with cells and ultimate effects thereon are controlled in two steps.
- STEP 1 Only unliganded SHBG binds to receptor. Inhibition of binding is related only to occupancy of its steroid-binding site, not to the nature of the steroid that is bound. Thus, the concept of free SHBG as an important biological entity must be considered.
- SHBG In normal men, about 40% of SHBG is unliganded; of that which is bound, testosterone accounts for 75% of the occupancy. Dunn et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 53:69-75 (1981). In women, over 80% of SHBG is unliganded.
- Estradiol increases the amount of SHBG made by the liver. In men, both SHBG and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone in serum increase as a function of age. William Rosner et al. (Nakhla et al., J. Clin. Endocrin. &
- DHT dihydrotestosterone
- the antiestrogen tamoxifen did not block the effect of estradiol in increasing cAMP. This is presumably because tamoxifen does not compete for estradiol binding to SHBG. Further, the potent estrogen diethylstilbestrol did not bind to
- the steroid metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol has no known biological activity. However, 2-methoxyestradiol binds to SHBG more tightly than does estradiol. This binding does not produce the increase in cAMP observed with estradiol binding.
- Androgens are widely acknowledged to be central to the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma.
- these diseases of the prostate increase in prevalence as men age, a time when plasma androgens are falling.
- the decrease in total plasma androgens is amplified by an age-related increase in plasma SHBG that results in a relatively greater fall in free than in total androgens.
- estrogens have long been suspected to be important in BPH, but a direct effect on the human prostate has never been demonstrated.
- Estradiol, falling androgen levels, and rising SHBG have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of disease of the prostate.
- Estradiol acts in concert with SHBG to produce large increases in intracellular cAMP in human BPH and prostatic cancer tissue. As this increase is not blocked by an antiestrogen and not provoked by an estrogen that does not bind to SHBG, it is not mediated by the classic intracellular estrogen receptor.
- the present invention is related to a method for treating and preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound which binds to SHBG and antagonizes the SHBG-mediated effects of both estradiol and 5oc-androstan-3cc,17 ⁇ diol by preventing the binding of estradiol and 5 -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol.
- the present invention further relates to a method of finding compounds which bind to SHBG and prevent the binding of estradiol and 5 ⁇ -androstan-3cc,17 ⁇ diol.
- 3oc-diol heretofore thought to be an inactive metabolite of DHT, is a hormone. It is an agonist in the SHBG-RSHBG system. The concentration causing a 1/2 maximal response is about equal to its concentration in the plasma of men. Further, only 3 ⁇ -diol and estradiol are agonists in this system; and both steroids induce BPH in dogs; all other endogenous steroids that bind to SHBG with high affinity antagonize the effects of the two agonists. Conversely, structurally related steroids that do not bind to SHBG, e.g. 3 - and 3 ⁇ ,5 ⁇ -androstane diol, are neither agonists nor antagonists.
- estradiol engendered rise in cAMP is not mediated by the estrogen receptor.
- DHT is not an agonist, but antagonizes the effect of estradiol.
- DHT also antagonizes the effect of 3oc-diol.
- testosterone the two classic endogenous androgens that exert their effects by way of the intracellular androgen receptor serve as antagonists in the SHBG-RSHBG complex.
- All endogenous steroids that bind to SHBG are active as either agonists or antagonists.
- the human prostate contains an estrogen receptor, the role of estrogens in human BPH is unclear.
- estradiol synergises with 3oc-diol in causing canine BPH It is equally certain that these are the only two steroids that activate the RSHBG • It had been previously asserted that the mechanism by which 3 ⁇ -diol caused canine BPH was by its intraprostatic conversion to DHT. However, we show that 3 ⁇ -diol may function as a direct effector of prostatic growth.
- the instant invention involves a method of treating and/or preventing BPH and prostatic carcinoma which comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 5 -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol.
- the compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 5oc-androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol is administered in a dosage amount between 0.001 to 200.0 mg/day.
- the compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 5 ⁇ -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol is administered in a dosage amount of from 0.01 to 50.0 mg/day, and in a sub-class of this embodiment, the compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 5 -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol is administered in a dosage amount of about 0.1 to 5.0 mg/day.
- Compounds which bind to SHBG and prevent the binding of estradiol and 5 -androstan-3 ,17 ⁇ diol can be determined by employing the assay described in Example 7.
- the methods of treating and preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma comprise administration to a patient in need of such treatment of a compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 5cc-androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol selected from: testosterone, 5 ⁇ - androstan-3 ,17 ⁇ -diol, 5 ⁇ -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol, 5 ⁇ -androstan-
- Preferred compounds that may be employed in the present invention include the following: 5 ⁇ -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol, 2-methoxy- estradiol and ⁇ 5-androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol (also called androst-5-en- 3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol).
- the present invention has the objective of providing methods of treating and preventing diseases of the prostate including BPH and prostatic carcinoma by systemic, oral, parenteral or topical administration of a compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 3 ⁇ -diol in a dosage amount between 0.001 to 200.0 mg/day, and more particularly, from about 0.01 to 50.0 mg/day, and most particularly 0.1 to 5.0 mg/day.
- treating BPH is intended to include alleviating the obstructive symptoms of BPH, and slowing and/or reversing the growth of the prostate.
- preventing BPH is intended to include preventing development of obstructive symptoms, and preventing the enlargement of the prostate.
- a compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 3 -diol may be co-administered with a 5 ⁇ -reductase 2 inhibitor, such as finasteride or epristeride; a 5oc-reductase 1 inhibitor such as 4,7 ⁇ -dimethyl-4-aza-5 ⁇ -cholestan-3-one, 3-oxo-4-aza-4,7 ⁇ - dimethyl-16 ⁇ -(4-chlorophenoxy)-5 ⁇ -androstane, and 3-oxo-4-aza-4,7 ⁇ - dimethyl-16 ⁇ -(phenoxy)-5 ⁇ -androstane as disclosed in WO 93/23420 and WO 95/11254; dual inhibitors of 5 ⁇ -reductase 1 and 5 ⁇ -reduct
- the present invention also has the objective of providing suitable systemic, oral, parenteral and topical pharmaceutical formulations for use in the novel methods of treatment of the present invention.
- compositions containing as an active ingredient a compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 5 ⁇ -androstan-3 ,17 ⁇ diol can be administered in a wide variety of therapeutic dosage forms in conventional vehicles for systemic administration.
- the compounds can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each including timed release and sustained release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solutions, suspensions, syrups and emulsions.
- compositions can be provided in the form of scored or unscored tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 milligrams of the active ingredient for the adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
- Topical pharmaceutical compositions may be, e.g., in the form of a solution, cream, ointment, gel, lotion, shampoo or aerosol formulation adapted for application to the skin.
- Topical pharmaceutical compositions useful in the method of treatment of the present invention may include about 0.001 % to 0.1 % of the active compound in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily.
- the compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in that art.
- the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.
- the dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound thereof employed.
- a physician of ordinary skill can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter, arrest or reverse the progress of the condition.
- Optimal precision in achieving concentration of drug within the range that yields efficacy without toxicity requires a regimen based on the kinetics of the drug's availability to target sites. This involves a consideration of the distribution, equilibrium, and elimination of a drug.
- the compound which binds to SHBG and prevents the binding of estradiol and 3cc-diol herein described in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as "carrier" materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
- carrier suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers
- the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non- toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
- Capsules containing the product of this invention can be prepared by mixing an active compound of the present invention with lactose and magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, starch, talc, or other carriers, and placing the mixture in a gelatin capsule. Tablets may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with conventional tableting ingredients such as calcium phosphate, lactose, com starch or magnesium stearate.
- suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture.
- Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, com sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like.
- Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
- Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
- the liquid forms may be administered in suitably flavored suspending or dispersing agents such as the synthetic and natural gums, for example, tragacanth, acacia, methyl-cellulose and the like.
- suspending or dispersing agents such as the synthetic and natural gums, for example, tragacanth, acacia, methyl-cellulose and the like.
- Other dispersing agents which may be employed include glycerin and the like.
- sterile suspensions and solutions are desired.
- Isotonic preparations which generally contain suitable preservatives are employed when intravenous administration is desired.
- Topical preparations containing the active drug component can be admixed with a variety of carrier materials well known in the art, such as, e.g., alcohols, aloe vera gel, allantoin, glycerine, vitamin A and E oils, mineral oil, PPG2 myristyl propionate, and the like, to form, e.g., alcoholic solutions, topical cleansers, cleansing creams, skin gels, skin lotions, and shampoos in cream or gel formulations. See, e.g., EP 0285 382.
- the compounds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
- Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
- Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
- the compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers.
- Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidephenol, polyhydroxy- ethylaspartamidephenol, or polyethyleneoxidepolylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
- the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, - 12 -
- polydihydropyrans polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
- the present invention also provides for the use of a compound which binds to SHBG and antagonizes the SHBG-mediated effects of both estradiol and 5 ⁇ -androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol by preventing the binding of estradiol and 5 ⁇ -androstan-3cc,17 ⁇ diol in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of diseases of the prostate.
- the present invention also relates to a method for identifying compounds useful for the treatment and prevention of BPH and prostate cancer comprising:
- the labelled steroid may be radioactively labelled, fluorescently labelled, chemiluminescently labelled or otherwise labelled.
- labelled steroid is radioactively labelled.
- the labelled steroid is tritiated dihydrotestosterone, and the amount of label is measured by measuring the amount of radioactivity present in the supernatant. It is preferred to repeat steps (a) through (c) at least 5 times, each at a different concentration of compound.
- the pregnancy serum, dog SHBG, or human SHBG is diluted 1 :20 in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, made 0.15 M in NaCl, and 0.5 mL of the diluted solution is aliquoted into test tubes and incubated with 0.1 nM tritiated DHT.
- dog or human SHBG it is desirable to start with purified dog or human SHBG.
- the concentration of compound to be tested is within a range of 0.001 to 100 nM, and that the incubation occur at room temperature for about 15 minutes and then in an ice bath for an additional 15 minutes.
- the protein is precipitated by the addition of 0.5 mL saturated ammonium sulphate solution.
- the diluted incubated mixture is shaken, preferably on a vortex mixer, to avoid locally high concentrations of salt.
- the tubes are centrifuged most preferably for 10 min at 8000 rpm. Then a measured sample of the supernatant is removed, preferably 0.5 mL, and the amount of label is measured.
- the IC50 of the compound is determined by plotting the amount of radioactive DHT as a function of the logarithm of the concentration of the compound. It is preferred to determine the amount of radioactive DHT by subtracting the radioactivity of the supernatant from the total radioactivity added to tube.
- those compounds with an IC50 ⁇ 10 nM are reassayed in the human BPH tissue cAMP assay to determine whether the compound is an agonist or antagonist of estradiol and 3oc-diol.
- this assay comprises the steps: (a) adding a sufficient amount unliganded SHBG to minces of prostatic tissue in culture to saturate their SHBG receptors:
- the following steps may be performed to confirm the antagonistic activity of the compound: (e) adding a sufficient amount unliganded SHBG to minces of prostatic tissue in culture to saturate their SHBG receptors: (f) removing excess SHBG, preferably by washing; (g) adding a compound selected from estradiol and 5 ⁇ - androstan-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ diol; (h) adding a known concentration of the compound to be tested; and (i) determining intracellular cAMP.
- Compounds of interest having an IC50 ⁇ 10 nM and found to be an antagonist in the human BPH tissue cAMP assay may be tested in dog models of BPH and subsequently in humans for treatment of the symptoms of BPH.
- castrate dogs are treated with estradiol and 5cc-androstane diol in the presence and absence of the test compound.
- Prostate growth is monitored, preferably by MRI.
- Old dogs having BPH can also be treated with test compound to determine whether their enlarged prostate gland shrinks in response to the test compound. Again, prostate size is monitored, preferably by MRI.
- the methods of treating and preventing diseases of the prostate including BPH and prostatic carcinoma described herein may be further illustrated by the following examples.
- SHBG containing 1 mol DHT/mol SHBG
- PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE
- Canine SHBG (cSHBG) was isolated as described by Suzuki et al. ("Purification and characterization of testosterone-binding globulin of canine serum” J. Biochem. 85:1 195-12203(1979)), and its purity validated as for human SHBG (hSHBG). It too was stripped of steroids before use.
- Human prostatic tissue was obtained at the time of surgery for BPH.
- Canine prostatic tissue was obtained by open surgery at the time of sacrifice (parenteral phenobarbital) of 2-3 year old purebred beagles.
- the tissue was divided into approximately 5 mm 3 cubes and placed in 60 mm Primaria culture dishes (Becton Dickinson Labware) in RPMI-1640 (GIBCO Laboratories, Grand Island, NY) with 5% fetal bovine serum containing 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin sulfate and 0.25 ⁇ g/mL amphotericin, for 2-3 days.
- GENERAL METHOD 3 Membrane-bound adenylate cyclase activity and accumulation of intracellular cAMP are determined as previously described in Nakhla et al. "Induction of adenylate cyclase in mammary carcinoma cell line by human corticosteroid binding globulin" Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 153:1012-8 (1988).
- Protein was measured by the method of in Bradford "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding" Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-53 (1976).
- LNCaP cells (a human prostatic carcinoma cell line, passage 9) were obtained from the American Type Culture collection (Rockville MD). Cells were grown in monolayers in Coming culture flasks (Corning Laboratory Science Co., Coming, NY) in RPM 1-1640 medium supplemented with L-glutamine (300 mg/L) 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Grand Island, NY) and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin G NAa 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin sulfate, and 0.25 ⁇ g/mL amphotericin B).
- LNCaP cells were placed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's serum-free medium. Cells, (1 mg protein/ mL) were incubated for 14 minutes at 37°C with 1 ⁇ M SHBG-steroid or buffer (control) and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanithine (0.1 mM). They were then centrifuged and extracted with trichloroacetic acid for measurement of cAMP as described previously . Results
- SHBG-steroid complexes were evaluated at a single SHBG-steroid concentration (1 ⁇ M). The exposure of cells to SHBG-steroid complexes took place for 15 minutes. Both free steroid and unliganded SHBG exist in the equilibrium mixture of 1 ⁇ M SHBG- steroid.
- concentrations of free SHBG and free steroids for SHBG-DHT, SHBG-testosterone, and SHBG-estradiol were 31, 52, and 65 nM respectively.
- the association constants used in the calculation were 1.0 x l ⁇ 9 M"l (DHT), 3.5 x 10 8 M"l (testosterone), and 2.2 x 10 8 M-!
- the cells were washed once with serum-free medium and then incubated for 15 minutes in serum-free medium containing varying concentrations of steroid and isobutyl-methylxanthine.
- the percent increase in cAMP after adding 50 nM unliganded SHBG, compared to the addition of buffer was 7.8% + 3.8%.
- Prostate explants from normal dogs and patients with BPH were cultured in serum-containing medium for 3 days with twice daily changes in medium. Before starting an experiment, they were placed in serum-free medium for 24 h. Highly purified dog or human SHBG was added to the appropriate explants for 3 h and non-receptor bound SHBG removed with 2 washes. Various concentrations of appropriate steroids were added and intracellular cAMP was assayed 15 minutes later.
- Testosterone, DHT, 5 -androstane-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol, 5 ⁇ -androstane-3 ,17 ⁇ - diol, and 5 ⁇ -androstane-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol, and ⁇ 5-androstane-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol were without effect.
- the steroid that activates the androgen receptor is the testosterone 5 ⁇ -reduced metabolite, DHT.
- DHT is metabolized further to 3 ⁇ - and 3 ⁇ ,5oc-androstanediol in a reversible manner.
- 3 ⁇ -Diol is known to produce BPH in the dog and to synergize with estradiol in this effect.
- the data in this example show a direct effect of 3 -diol in dog and human prostate, and raise the possibility that previously observed effects of 3 ⁇ -diol in vivo may be mediated without conversion to DHT.
- steroids in addition to estradiol and 3 ⁇ -diol for their ability to either stimulate the RSHBG, or inhibit the stimulation caused by 3ce-diol.
- the steroids were chosen either because they are known to bind tightly to SHBG (testosterone, DHT, 2- methoxyestradiol, ⁇ 5-androstene-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol, 5 ⁇ -androstan 3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ - diol), or because they are structurally related to 3 ⁇ -diol but do not bind to SHBG (the two isomers of 5 ⁇ -androstanediol.) None of these steroids were agonists in this system.
- the steroids tested are 2- methoxy-estradiol (2MeOE2); ⁇ 5 -androstane-3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol ( ⁇ 5 ); 5 ⁇ - androstan3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol (3 ⁇ ,5 ⁇ ); 5 ⁇ -androstan3 ⁇ ,17 ⁇ -diol (3 ⁇ ,5 ⁇ ); 5 ⁇ - androstan-3 ⁇ ,7 ⁇ -diol (3 ⁇ ,5 ⁇ ).
- Ant ⁇ 0.323 1.010 0.852 0.062 0.341 0.224 0.163 agonist 1.000 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 0.014 0.152 0.086 0.002 0.090 0.046 0.021
- EXAMPLE 7 Identification of antagonists of estradiol and androstanediol useful for the treatment and prevention of BPH and prostate cancer.
- Compounds that bind to SHBG are either agonists or antagonists.
- pregnancy semm is first diluted approximately 1 :20 in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, made 0.15 M in NaCl.
- 0.5 mL of the diluted serum is aliquoted into test tubes is incubated with 0.1 nM tritiated-dihydrotestosterone (approximately 45 - 100 Ci/mmole) in the absence and presence of varying concentration of binding competitors (0.001 - 100 nM) for 15 min at room temperature.
- the tubes are then transferred to an ice bath and incubated for a further 15 min.
Abstract
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JP9501341A JPH11507050A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-05 | Treatment and prevention of prostate disease |
AU59841/96A AU5984196A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-05 | Treatment and prevention of prostatic disease |
EP96917173A EP0833641A4 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-05 | Treatment and prevention of prostatic disease |
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US48463395A | 1995-06-07 | 1995-06-07 | |
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WO2003075958A1 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-18 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Remedies for sex hormone-dependent disease |
WO2004071533A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-08-26 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Preparation for topical administration |
US20090137541A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2009-05-28 | Ranju Bansal | Novel Series of Imidazolyl Substituted Steroidal and Indan-1-One Derivatives |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004002321A (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2004-01-08 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | Therapeutic agent for sex hormone dependent disease |
WO2006081658A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-10 | The University Of British Columbia | In silico screening for shbg binding ligands via pharmacophore models |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4310523A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1982-01-12 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Combined antiestrogens and antigonadotropically effective antiandrogens for the prophylaxis and therapy of hyperplasia of the prostate |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IN171596B (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1992-11-21 | Cohen Michael | |
US5407944A (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1995-04-18 | Goldman; Boris E. | Compositions and methods for promoting hair growth |
US5504074A (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1996-04-02 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Estrogenic compounds as anti-angiogenic agents |
-
1996
- 1996-06-05 WO PCT/US1996/008873 patent/WO1996040150A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-05 CA CA002222625A patent/CA2222625A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-05 JP JP9501341A patent/JPH11507050A/en active Pending
- 1996-06-05 EP EP96917173A patent/EP0833641A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-05 AU AU59841/96A patent/AU5984196A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4310523A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1982-01-12 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Combined antiestrogens and antigonadotropically effective antiandrogens for the prophylaxis and therapy of hyperplasia of the prostate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0833641A4 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003075958A1 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-18 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Remedies for sex hormone-dependent disease |
US8518890B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2013-08-27 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Remedies for sex hormone dependent disease |
WO2004071533A1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-08-26 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Preparation for topical administration |
US20090137541A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2009-05-28 | Ranju Bansal | Novel Series of Imidazolyl Substituted Steroidal and Indan-1-One Derivatives |
US8361996B2 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2013-01-29 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Imidazolyl substituted steroidal and indan-1-one derivatives |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0833641A4 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
AU5984196A (en) | 1996-12-30 |
EP0833641A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
JPH11507050A (en) | 1999-06-22 |
CA2222625A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
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