WO1996042151A2 - Steganographic method and device - Google Patents
Steganographic method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996042151A2 WO1996042151A2 PCT/US1996/010257 US9610257W WO9642151A2 WO 1996042151 A2 WO1996042151 A2 WO 1996042151A2 US 9610257 W US9610257 W US 9610257W WO 9642151 A2 WO9642151 A2 WO 9642151A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- message
- sample
- bit
- index
- mask
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/018—Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/065—Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3
- H04L9/0656—Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/12—Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3263—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32154—Transform domain methods
- H04N1/3216—Transform domain methods using Fourier transforms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32154—Transform domain methods
- H04N1/32187—Transform domain methods with selective or adaptive application of the additional information, e.g. in selected frequency coefficients
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
- H04N1/32229—Spatial or amplitude domain methods with selective or adaptive application of the additional information, e.g. in selected regions of the image
- H04N1/32245—Random or pseudorandom selection of pixels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/23614—Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
- H04N21/23892—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/254—Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server, rights management server
- H04N21/2541—Rights Management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/4348—Demultiplexing of additional data and video streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
- H04N21/8352—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving content or source identification data, e.g. Unique Material Identifier [UMID]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
- H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
- H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0064—Image watermarking for copy protection or copy management, e.g. CGMS, copy only once, one-time copy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
- G11B20/00884—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
- G11B20/00891—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm embedded in audio data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/04—Masking or blinding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/08—Randomization, e.g. dummy operations or using noise
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/60—Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
- H04L2209/605—Copy protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/60—Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
- H04L2209/608—Watermarking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3204—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a user, sender, addressee, machine or electronic recording medium
- H04N2201/3205—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a user, sender, addressee, machine or electronic recording medium of identification information, e.g. name or ID code
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
- H04N2201/3226—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document of identification information or the like, e.g. ID code, index, title, part of an image, reduced-size image
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
- H04N2201/3233—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/3269—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs
- H04N2201/327—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of machine readable codes or marks, e.g. bar codes or glyphs which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N2201/328—Processing of the additional information
- H04N2201/3281—Encryption; Ciphering
Definitions
- Content refers to multimedia content. This term encompasses the various types of information to be processed in a multimedia entertainment system. Content specifically refers to digitzed audio, video or still images in the context of this discussion. This information may be contained within files on a multimedia computer system, the files having a particular format specific to the modality of the content (sound, images, moving pictures) or the type of systems, computer or otherwise, used to process the content.
- Digitized refers to content composed of discrete digital samples of an otherwise analog media, which approximate that media inside a computer or other digital device. For instance, the sound of music occurs naturally, and is experienced by humans as an analog (continuous) sound wave. The sound can be digitized into a stream of discrete samples, or numbers, each of which represents an approximate value of the amplitude of the real analog wave at a particular instant in time. These samples can be stored in files in a computer and then used to recreate the original sound wave to a high degree of accuracy.
- A/D Analog to Digital converters
- D/A Digital to Analog
- Chromography is a field covering numerous techniques for scrambling information conveying messages so that when the message is conveyed between the sender and receiver an unintended party who intercepts this message cannot read it, or extract useful information from it.
- a "Public Key Cryptosystem” is a particular cryptographic system where all parties possess pairs of keys for encryption and decryption. Parties to this type of system freely distribute their public keys, which other may use to encrypt messages to the owner of the public key. Such messages are decrypted by the receiver with the private key. Private keys are never distributed. A message encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key, and vice versa. A message encrypted with a private key is said to have been signed by the owner of that key.
- Teen in possession of the public key may decrypt the message and know that it was encrypted, and thus signed, by the owner of the public key, since only they possess the corresponding private key.
- Stepography is a field distinguished from cryptography, but associated with it, that covers numerous methods for hiding an informational message within some other medium, perhaps another unrelated message, in such a manner that an unintended party who intercepts the medium carrying the hidden message does not know it contains this hidden message and therefore does not obtain the information in the hidden message. In other words, steganography seeks to hide messages in plain view. Background of the Invention
- Copyright protection is the ability to prevent or deter the proliferation of unauthorized copies of copyrighted works. It provides a reasonable guarantee that the author of a copyrighted work will be paid for each copy of that work.
- a perfect copy means that if the original is comprised of a given stream of numbers, then the copy matches the original, exactly, for each number in the stream. Thus, there is no degradation of the original signal during the copy operation. In an analog copy, random noise is always introduced, degrading the copied signal.
- Piracy The act of making unlicensed copies of some content, digital or analog, whether audio, video, software or other, is generally known as piracy. Piracy has been committed for the purpose of either profit from the sale of such unlicensed copies, or to procure for the "pirate" a copy of the content for personal use without having paid for it.
- Encryption scrambles the content. Before the content is made ready for delivery, whether on floppy disk, or over a network, it must be encrypted, or scrambled. Once the content has been encrypted, it cannot be used until it is decrypted, or unscrambled. Encrypted audio data might sound like incomprehensible screeching, while an encrypted picture or video might appear as random patterns on a screen.
- the principle of encryption is that you are free to make as many copies as you want, but you can't read anything that makes sense until you use a special key to decrypt, and you can only obtain the key by paying for the content.
- Encryption has two problems, however. 1) Pirates have historically found ways to crack encryption, in effect, obtaining the key without having paid for it; and 2) Once a single legitimate copy of some content has been decrypted, a pirate is now free to make unlimited copies of the decrypted copy. In effect, in order to sell an unlimited quantity of an encrypted piece of software, the pirate could simply buy one copy, which they are entitled to decrypt.
- Copy Protection includes various methods by which a software engineer can write the software in a clever manner to determine if it has been copied, and if so to deactivate itself. Also included are undocumented changes to the storage format of the content. Copy protection was generally abandoned by the software industry, since pirates were generally just as clever as the software engineers and figured out ways to modify their software and deactivate the protection. The cost of developing such protection was not justified considering the level of piracy which occurred despite the copy protection.
- a Content Extension refers to any system which attaches some extra information to the original content which indicates whether or not a copy may be made.
- a software or hardware system must be specifically built around this scheme to recognize the additional information and interpret it in an appropriate manner.
- An example of such a system is the Serial Copyright Management System embedded in Digital Audio Tape (DAT) hardware. Under this system, additional information is stored on the disc immediately preceding each track of audio content which indicates whether or not it can be copied. The hardware reads this information and uses it accordingly.
- DAT Digital Audio Tape
- the practical considerations of weak encryption schemes and rogue engineers have served to limit the faith which may be put in such copyright protection schemes.
- the invention disclosed herein serves to address these problems with conventional systems for digital distribution. It provides a way to enforce copyright online.
- the invention draws on techniques from two fields, cryptography, the art of scrambling messages so that only the intended recipient may read them, and steganography, a term applied to various techniques for obscuring messages so that only the intended parties to a message even know that a message has been sent, thus it is termed herein as a stega-cipher.
- the stega-cipher is so named because it uses the steganographic technique of hiding a message in multimedia content, in combination with multiple keys, a concept originating in cryptography.
- the stega-cipher uses these keys to locate the hidden message within the content.
- the message itself is encrypted which serves to further protect the message, verify the validity of the message, and redistribute the information in a random manner so that anyone attempting to locate the message without the keys cannot rely on pre-supposed knowledge of the message contents as a help in locating it.
- the invention disclosed herein combines two techniques, steganography - obscuring information that is otherwise in plain sight, and cryptography - scrambling information that must be sent over unsecured means, in a manner such that only the intended recipient may successfully unscramble it.
- the net effect of this system is to specifically watermark a piece of content so that if it is copied, it is possible to determine who owned the original from which the copies were made, and hence determine responsibility for the copies. It is also a feature of the system to uniquely identify the content to which it is applied.
- the invention improves upon the prior art by providing a manner for protecting copyright in the digital domain, which neither steganography or cryptography does. It improves specifically on steganography by making use of special keys which dictate exactly where within a larger chunk of content a message is to be hidden, and makes the task of extracting such a message without the proper key the equivalent of looking for a needle in a haystack.
- the information encoded by the Stega-Cipher process serves as a watermark which identifies individual copies of content legally licensed to specific parties. It is integral with the content. It cannot be removed by omission in a transmission. It does not add any overhead to signal transmission or storage. It does allow the content to be stored to and used with traditional offline analog and digital media, without modification or significant signal degradation.
- the invention described herein is used for protecting and enforcing copyrights in the digital or on-line domain, where there are no physical limitations on copying copyrighted content.
- the invention uniquely identifies every copy of multimedia content made using the invention, composed of digitized samples whether compressed or uncompressed, including but not limited to still digital images, digital audio, and digital video.
- the invention is for use in meterware or pay-by-use systems where an online user incurs a charge each time they access a particular piece of content, or uses a software title.
- the invention is for use as a general improvement to cryptographic techniques to increase the complexity of cryptanalysis on a given cipher.
- stega-cipher hardware could be embedded in a consumer electronics device and used to not only identify content and copyright, but to enable use of that content.
- the purpose of the program described here is to watermark digital multimedia content for distribution to consumers through online services in such a way as to meet the following criteria Given a unique piece of multimedia content, composed of digitized samples, it is desirable to:
- the program described in more detail below combines the techniques of cryptography and steganography to hide a securely encrypted digital copyright certificate which contains information satisfying the criteria listed above, in such a manner as to be integral with the content, like a watermark on paper, so that possession of the content dictates possession of the watermark information.
- the watermark cannot be "found” or successfully decoded, without possession of the correct "masks” or keys, available only to those legitimately authorized, namely, those parties to a commercial transaction involving the sale of a copy of the content.
- the ability to distribute such watermarked content in a system which implements the watermark scheme is denied without a successfully decoded watermark. Because well known and tested cryptographic techniques are used to protect the certificate itself, these certificates are virtually impossible to forge.
- the watermark cannot be erased without significantly damaging the content.
- the basic program represents a key part of the invention itself. This program is then used as the method by which copyright information is to be associated in an integral manner with the content. This is a concept absent from copy protection, encryption and content extension schemes.
- the copyright information itself can be made undeniable and unforgeable using cryptographic techniques, so.that through it an audit trail of ownership my be established for each copy of a given piece of content, thus customizing each copy to a particular owner, in a way that can be used to identify the owner.
- the value of the stega-cipher is that it provides a way to watermark the content in a way that changes it slightly, but does not impact human perception significantly. And, furthermore, that it is made difficult to defeat since one must know exactly where the information resides to extract it for analysis and use in forgery attempts, or to remove it without overly degrading the signal. And, to try to forge copyright information one must first be able to analyze the encrypted copyright information, and in order to do that, one must be able to find it, which requires masks.
- Digital audio data is represented by a series of samples in 1 dimension
- sample stream This series is also referred to as a sample stream.
- the sample stream approximates an analog waveform of sound amplitude over time. Each sample represents an estimate of the wave amplitude at the instant of time the sample is recorded.
- monaural audio there is one such sample stream.
- Stereo audio is comprised of two sample streams, one representing the right channel, and the other representing the left. Each stream is used to drive a corresponding speaker to reproduce the stereo sound.
- CD quality audio is characterized by 16 bit (2 byte) stereo samples, recorded at 44.1 Khz, or 44,100 samples per second in each channel.
- the dynamic range of sound reproduction is directly proportional to the number of bits per sample. Some lower quality recordings are done at 8 bits.
- a CD audio recording can be stored using any scheme for containing the 2 sample streams in their entirety. When these streams are played back at the same frequency they were recorded at, the sound recorded is reproduced to a high degree of accuracy.
- the sample stream is processed in order from first sample to last.
- the stream is separated into sample windows, each of which has a fixed number of consecutive samples from the stream, and where windows do not overlap in the sample stream.
- Windows may be contiguous in the sample stream. In this discussion assume each window contains 128 samples, and that windows are contiguous. So, the windows within the stream look like
- Fourier Transform methods are based on the principle that a complex waveform, expressed as amplitude over time and represented by a sample stream, is really the sum of a number of simple waveforms, each of which oscillate at different frequencies.
- complex it is meant that the value of the next sample is not easily predicted from the values of the last N samples or the time of the sample.
- simple it is meant that the value of the sample is easily predictable from the values of the last N samples and/or the time of the sample.
- the sum of multiple simple waves is equivalent to the complex wave.
- the discrete FFT and its inverse simply translate a limited amount of data from one side of this equivalence to the other, between the complex waveform and the sum of simple waves.
- the discrete FFT can be used to translate a series of samples representing amplitude over time (the complex wave, representing a digital audio recording) into the same number of samples representing total spectral energy in a given range of frequencies (the simple wave components) at a particular instant of time. This instant is the time in the middle of the original amplitude/time samples.
- the inverse discrete FFT translates the data in the other direction, producing the complex waveform, from its simpler parts.
- Each 128 sample window will be used as an input to the discrete FFT, resulting in 128 bins representing each of 128 frequency bands, ranging from 0Hz to 22Khz (the Nyquist frequency, or Vz the sampling rate).
- Information can be encoded into the audio signal in the frequency domain or in the time domain. In the latter case, no FFT or inverse FFT is necessary. However, encoding in the frequency domain is recommended, since its effects are scattered over the resultant time domain samples, and not easily predicted. In addition, frequency domain encoding makes it more likely that randomization will result in noticeable artifacts in the resultant signal, and therefore makes the stega-cipher more defensible against such attacks. It is in the frequency domain that additional information will be encoded into the audio signal for the purpose of this discussion. Each frequency band in a given time slice can potentially be used to store a small portion of some additional information to be added to the signal.
- this process differs from the Nagata, et al. patents, 4,979,210 and 5,073,925, which encode information by modulating an audio signal in amplitude/time domain. It also differs in that the modulations introduced in the Nagata process (which are at very low amplitude and frequency relative to the carrier wave as to remain inaudible) carry only copy/ don't copy information, which is easily found and circumvented by one skilled in the art. Also, there is no limitation in the stega-cipher process as to what type of information can be encoded into the signal, and there is more information storage capacity, since the encoding process is not bound by any particular frequency of modulation but rather by the number of samples available.
- the granularity of encoding in the stega-cipher is determined by the sample window size, with potentially 1 bit of space per sample or 128 bits per window (a secure implementation will halve this to 64 bits).
- the granularity of encoding is fixed by the amplitude and frequency modulation limits required to maintain inaudibility. These limits are relatively low, and therefore make it impractical to encode more than simple copy/ don't copy information using the Nagata process. m.
- a modification to standard steganographic technique is applied in the frequency domain described above, in order to encode additional information into the audio signal.
- 2 keys are used in the actual encode and decode process.
- the keys are referred to as masks.
- One mask, the primary is applied to the frequency axis of FFT results, the other mask is applied to the time axis (this will be called the convolution mask).
- the number of bits comprising the primary mask are equal to the sample window size in samples (or the number of frequency bands computed by the FFT process), 128 in this discussion.
- the number of bits in the convolution mask are entirely arbitrary. This implementation will assume a time mask of 1024 bits. Generally the larger the key, the more difficult it is to guess.
- the primary and convolution masks described above are generated by a cryptographically secure random generation process. It is possible to use a block cipher like DES in combination with a sufficiently pseudo-random seed value to emulate a cryptographically secure random bit generator. These keys will be saved along with information matching them to the sample stream in question in a database for use in decoding, should that step become necessary.
- some additional information to be encoded into the signal is prepared and made available to the encoder, in a bit addressable manner (so that it may be read one bit at a time). If the size of the sample stream is known and the efficiency characteristics of the stega-cipher implementation are taken into account, a known limit may be imposed on the amount of this additional information.
- the encoder captures one sample window at a time from the sample stream, in sequential, contiguous order.
- the encoder tracks the sequential number of each window it acquires.
- the first window is 0.
- the next value of the window counter will be reset to 0.
- This counter is the convolution index or phase. In the current implementation it is used as a simple index into the convolution bitmask. In anticipated developments it will be used to perform convolution operations on the convolution mask to determine which bit to use. For instance the mask might by rotated by a number corresponding to the phase, in bits to the left and XORed with .the primary mask to produce a new mask, which is then indexed by the phase. There are many possibilities for convolution.
- the encoder computes the discrete FFT of the sample window.
- the encoder Starting with the lowest frequency band, the encoder proceeds through each band to the highest, visiting each of the 128 frequency bands in order. At each band value, the encoder takes the bit of the primary mask corresponding to the frequency band in question, the bit of the convolution mask corresponding to the window in question, and passes these values into a boolean function. This function is designed so that it has a near perfectly random output distribution. It will return true for approximately 50% of its input permutations, and false for the other 50%. The value returned for a given set of inputs is fixed, however, so that it will always return the same value given the same set of inputs.
- the function returns true, the current frequency band in the current window is used in the encoding process, and represents a valid piece of the additional information encoded in the signal. If the function returns false, this cell, as the frequency band in a given window is called, is ignored in the process. In this manner it is made extremely difficult to extract the encoded information from the signal without the use of the exact masks used in the encoding process. This is one place in which the stega-cipher process departs from traditional steganographic implementations, which offer a trivial decode opportunity if one knows the information is present. While this increases the information storage capacity of the carrier signal, it makes decoding trivial, and further degrades the signal.
- the encoder proceeds in this manner until a complete copy of the additional information has been encoded in the carrier signal. It will be desirable to have the encoder encode multiple copies of the additional information continuously over the duration of the carrier signal, so that a complete instance of this information may be recovered from a smaller segment of a larger signal which has been split into discontinuous pieces or otherwise edited. It is therefore desirable to minimize the size of the information to be encoded using both compact design and pre-encoding compression, thus maximizing redundant encoding, and recoverability from smaller segments. In a practical implementation of this system it is likely the information will be first compressed by a known method, and then encrypted using public-key techniques, before being encoded into the carrier signal.
- the encoder will also prepare the package of additional information so that it contains an easily recognizable start of message delimeter, which can be unique to each encoding and stored along with the keys, to serve as a synchronization signal to a decoder.
- the detection of this delimeter in a decoding window signifies that the decoder can be reasonably sure it is aligned to the sample stream correctly and can proceed in a methodic window by window manner.
- These delimeters will require a number of bits which minimizes the probability that this bit sequence is not reproduced in a random occurrence, causing an accidental misalignment of the decoder. A minimum of 256 bits is recommended. In the current implementation 1024 bits representing a start of message delimeter are used. If each sample is random, then each bit has a 50% probably of matching the delimeter and the conditional probability of a random match would be 1/2 1024 . In practice, the samples are probably somewhat less than random, increasing the probability of a match somewhat.
- the decode process uses the same masks in the same manner, only in this case the information is extracted one bit at a time from the carrier signal.
- the decoder is assumed to have access to the proper masks used to encode the information originally. These masks might be present in a database, which can be indexed by a value, or values computed from the original content, in a manner insensitive to the modifications to the content caused by the stega-cipher process. So, given an arbitrary piece of content, a decoder might first process the content to generate certain key values, and then retrieve the decode masks associated with the matching key values from the database. In the case where multiple matches occur, or none are found, it is conceivable that all mask sets in the database could be tried sequentially until a valid decode is achieved, or not, indicating no information is present.
- the decode process is slightly different in the following respect. Whereas the encoding process can start at any arbitrary point in the sample stream, the decode process does not know where the encode process began (the exact offset in samples to the start of the first window). Even though the encode process, by convention, starts with sample 0, there is no guarantee that the sample stream has not been edited since encoding, leaving a partial window at the start of the sample stream, and thus requiring the decoder to find the first complete window to start the decode. Therefore, the decode process will start at the first sample, and shift the sample window along by 1 sample, keeping the window index at 0, until it can find a valid decode delimeter encoded in the window. At this point, the decoder knows it has synchronized to the encoder, and can then proceed to process contiguous windows in a more expedient manner.
- every 128 samples will contain, on average 64 bits of certificate related information.
- Digital audio is composed of 16 bit samples, at 44.1 Khz, or 44,100 samples per second.
- Stereo audio provides 2 streams of information at this rate, left and right, or 88,200 samples per second. That yields approximately 689 contiguous sample windows (of 128 samples) per second in which to encode information.
- Encoding 8 bytes for every 256 bytes represents 3.1% of the signal information. Assuming that a copyright certificate requires at most approximately 2048 bytes (2K), we can encode the same certificate in 645 distinct locations within the recording, or approximately every 37/100ths of a second.
- the attacker simply randomizes the least significant bits of each data point in the transform buffer, obliterating the synchronization signal and the watermark. While this attack can remove the watermark, in the context in which stega-cipher is to be used, the problem of piracy is kept to a minimum at least equal to that afforded by traditional media, since the system will not allow an unwatermarked piece of content to be traded for profit and watermarks cannot be forged without the proper keys, which are computationally difficult to obtain by brute-force or cryptanalysis.
- bitmaps would be too sensitive to the steganization process, resulting in unacceptable signal degradation, and so are not good candidates for the stega- cipher process.
- the problem may be circumvented by inflating bit-depth, although this is an inefficient use of space and bandwidth.
- the FFT is used to generate spectral energy information for a given audio signal.
- This information is not usually in integer format.
- Computers use methods of approximation in these cases to represent the real numbers (whole numbers plus fractional amounts). Depending on the exact value of the number to be represented slight errors, produced by rounding off the nearest real number that can be completely specified by the computer occur. This will produce some randomization in the least significant bit or bits. In other words, the same operation on the same sample window might yield slightly different transform values each time. It is possible to circumvent this problem using a modification to the simple LSB steganographic technique described later. Instead of looking at the LSB, the stega- cipher can use an energy quantization technique in place of the LSB method. Some variant of rounding the spectral energy values up or down, with a granularity greater than the rounding error should work, without significantly degrading the output samples.
- the apparatus described in the claims below operates on a window by window basis over the sample stream. It has no knowledge of the nature of the specific message to be encoded. It merely indexes into a bit stream, and encodes as many of those bits as possible into a given sample window, using a map determined by the given masks. The value of encoding information into a single window in the sample stream using such an apparatus may not be inherently apparent until one examines the manner in which such information will be used.
- the protocol discussed in this section details how messages which exceed the encoding capacity of a single sample window (128 samples) may be assembled from smaller pieces encoded in the individual windows and used to defend copyrights in an online situation.
- An average of 64 bits can be encoded into each window, which equals only 8 bytes. Messages larger than 8 bytes can be encoded by simply dividing the messages up and encoding small portions into a string of consecutive windows in the sample stream. Since the keys determine exactly how many bits will be encoded per window, and an element of randomness is desirable, as opposed to perfect predictability, one cannot be certain exactly how many bits are encoded into each window.
- the start of each message is marked by a special start of message delimeter, which, as discussed above is 1024 bits, or 128 bytes. Therefore, if precisely 8 bytes are encoded per window, the first 16 windows of any useable message in the system described here are reserved for the start of message delimeter. For the encoder, this scheme presents little challenge. It simply designates the first sample window in the stream to be window 0, and proceeds to encode the message delimeter, bit-by-bit into each consecutive window. As soon as it has processed the last bit of the SOM delimeter it continues by encoding 32 bits representing the size, in bytes of the complete message to follow. Once the 32nd and final bit of the size is encoded, the message itself is encoded into each consecutive window, one bit at a time.
- Some windows may contain more encoded bits then others, as dictated by the masks.
- the encoder processes each window in the content it increments its window counter. It uses this counter to index into the window mask. If the number of windows required to encode a complete message is greater than the size of this mask, 256 bits in this case, or 256 windows, then it simply resets the counter after window 255, and so on, until a complete message is encoded. It can then start over, or start on a new message.
- the decoder has a bigger challenge to face.
- the decoder is given a set of masks, just like encoder. Unlike the encoder, the decoder cannot be sure that the first series of 128 samples it receives are the window 0 start of message, encoded by the decoder.
- the sample stream originally produced by an encoder may have been edited by clipping its ends randomly or splicing pieces together. In that case, the particular copy of the message that was clipped is unrecoverable.
- the decoder has the start of message delimeter used to encode the message that the decoder is looking for. In the initial state, the decoder assumes the first window it gets is window 0. It then decodes the proper number of bits dictated by the masks it was given.
- the decoder searches one sample at a time for an alignment lock. The decoder proceeds in this manner until it has decoded a complete match to the start of message delimeter or it exhausts the sample stream without decoding a message. If the decoder can match completely the start of message delimeter bit sequence, it switches into aligned mode.
- the decoder will now advance through the sample stream a full window at a time (128 samples). It proceeds until it has the 32 bits specifying the message size. This generally won't occupy more than 1 complete window.
- the decoder can now proceed to decode as many consecutive additional windows as necessary until it has decoded a complete message.
- the state of the decoder can be reset to un- synchronized and the entire process can be repeated starting with the next 128 sample window. In this manner it is not absolutely necessary that encoding windows be contiguous in the sample stream.
- the decoder is capable of handling random intervals between the end of one message and the start of another.
- the circuit for encoding and decoding a sample window does not need to be aware of the nature of the message, or of any structure beyond the start of message delimeter and message size. It only needs to consider a single sample window, its own state (whether the decoder is misaligned, synchronizing, or synchronized) and what bits to encode/decode.
- the most important aspect of the stega-cipher in this respect is that fact that it makes the message integral with the content, and difficult to remove. So it cannot be eliminated simply by removing certain information prepended or appended to the sample stream itself. In fact, removing an arbitrary chunk of samples will not generally defeat the stega-cipher either.
- the Authority is a trusted arbitrator between the two other functions listed below, representing parties who actually engage in the transfer of the content.
- the Authority maintains a database containing information on the particular piece of content itself and who the two parties engaged in transferring the content are.
- the Authority can perform stega-cipher encoding and decoding on content.
- the Publisher or online distributor is the entity which is sending the copyrighted content to another party.
- the Publisher can perform stega-cipher encoding and decoding on content.
- the Consumer is the person or entity receiving the copyrighted content, generally in exchange for some consideration such as money.
- the consumer cannot generally perform stega-cipher encoding or decoding on content.
- Each of these parties can participate in a message exchange protocol using well known public-key cryptographic techniques. For instance, a system licensing RSA public key algorithms might be used for signed and encrypted message exchange. This means that each party maintains a public key / private key pair, and that the public keys of each party are freely available to any other party.
- the Authority communicates via electronic links directly only to the Publisher and the Consumer communicates directly only with the publisher.
- a copyright holder (an independent artist, music publisher, movie studio, etc.) wishes to retail a particular title online.
- Sire Records Company might wish to distribute the latest single from Seal, one of their musical artists, online.
- Sire delivers a master copy of this single, "Prayer for the Dying", to the Authority, Ethical Inc.
- Ethical converts the title into a format suitable for electronic distribution. This may involve digitizing an analog recording.
- the title has now become content in the context of this online distribution system.
- the title is not yet available to anyone except Ethical Inc., and has not yet been encoded with the stega-cipher watermark.
- Ethical generates a Title Identification and Authentication (TIA) certificate.
- the certificate could be in any format. In this example it is a short text file, readable with a small word-processing program, which contains information identifying
- Ethical then signs the TIA with its own private key, and encrypts the TIA certificate plus its signature with its own public key.
- the Ethical can decrypt the TIA certificate at a later time and know that it generated the message and that the contents of the message have not been changed since generation.
- Sire Records which ultimately controls distribution of the content, communicates to the Ethical a specific online Publisher that is to have the right of distribution of this content. For instance, Joe's Online Emporium.
- the Authority, Ethical Inc. can transmit a short agreement, the Distribution Agreement to the Publisher, Joe's Online Emporium which lists
- the Publisher receives this agreement, and signs it using its private key. Thus, any party with access to the Joe's Online Emporium's public key could verify that the Joe's signed the agreement, and that the agreement has not been changed since Joe's signed it.
- the Publisher transmits the signed Distribution Agreement to the Authority, Ethical Inc.
- Ethical Inc. now combines the signed TIA certificate and the Distribution Agreement into a single message, and signs the entire message using its private key.
- Ethical has now created a Publisher Identification message to go into its own stega- cipher channel in the content.
- Ethical Inc. now generates new stega-cipher masks and encodes this message into a copy of the content using a stega-cipher encoder.
- the Authority saves the masks as a Receipt in a database, along with information on the details of the transfer, including the title, artist and publisher.
- Ethical then transfers this watermarked copy to the Joe's Online Emporium, the Publisher.
- Well known encryption methods could be used to protect the transfer between the Authority and the Publisher.
- the Authority may now destroy its copy, which the Publisher has received.
- the Publisher, Joe's Online Emporium now assumes responsibility for any copies made to its version of the content, which is a Publisher Master copy.
- Joe's Emporium sends the John Q. Public a short agreement via an electronic communication link, similar to Publisher's Distribution Agreement, only this is a Purchase Agreement, which lists
- John Q. Public signs this agreement with his private key and returns it to the Joe's Online Emporium.
- the Publisher, Joe's prepares to encode its own stega-cipher watermark onto a copy of the content by generating a set of masks for the algorithm.
- Joe's Online Emporium then stores these masks (a receipt) in its own database, indexed by title and consumer.
- Joe's Online Emporium signs the agreement received from John Q. Public with the Emporium's own private key, and forwards it to the Authority, Ethical Inc., along with a copy of the masks. It is important to note that this communication should be done over a secured channel.
- the Authority verifies the Publisher and Consumer information and adds its own signature to the end of the message, approving the transaction, creating a Contract of Sale.
- the Authority adds the Publisher's receipt (mask set) to its database, indexed by the title, the publisher, and the consumer identification.
- the Authority signs the Contract of Sale by encrypting it with their private key. So anyone with the Authority's public key (any Publisher) could decrypt the Contract of Sale and verify it, once it was extracted from the content.
- the Publisher transmits the signed Contract of Sale back to the Publisher, who uses a stega-cipher device to imprint this Contract as its own watermark over the content.
- the Publisher transmits the newly watermarked copy to the Consumer, who is accepting responsibility for it.
- the Publisher destroys their version of the consumer's copy.
- each Publisher might act as its own Authority.
- Using an Authority, or one of several available authorities to keep records of Publisher- Consumer transactions and verify their details decreases the likelihood of such events.
- a similar watermarking system could be used by an individual entity to watermark its own content for its own purposes, wether online or in physical media.
- a CD manufacturer could incorporate unique stega-cipher watermarks into specific batches of its compact discs to identify the source of a pirate ring, or to identify unauthorized digital copies made from its discs. This is possible because the stega-cipher encoding works with the existing formats of digital samples and does not add any new structures to the sample data that cannot be handled on electronic or mechanical systems which predate the stega-cipher.
- Hash values may be incorporated which match exactly the content containing the watermark to the message in the watermark itself. This allows us a verification that the watermark decoded was encoded by whomever signed it into this precise location in this specific content.
- a 256 bit (32 byte) hash value which is calculated with a secure one-way hash function over each sample in each sample window that will contain the message.
- the hash starts with a seed value, and each sample that would be processed by the encoder when encoding the message is incorporated into the hash as it is processed.
- the result is a 256 bit number one can be highly confident is unique, or sufficiently rare to make intentionally duplicating it with another series of samples difficult.
- the hash function be insensitive to any changes in the samples induced by the stega-cipher itself. For instance, one might ignore the least significant bit of each sample when computing the hash function, if the stega-cipher was implemented using a least significant bit encode mode.
- the hash-inclusive message requires 32 more bytes of space.
- a memory efficient version of this scheme could keep on hand the un-hashed message, and as it creates each new copy, back up in the sample stream to the first window in the series and actually encode each message, disposing of it afterwards.
- the decoding party can calculate the same hash used to encode the message for themselves, but on the encoded samples. If the value calculated by the decoding party does not match the value contained in the signed message, the decoder is alerted to the fact that this watermark was transplanted from somewhere else. This is possible only with a hash function which ignores the changes made by the stega-cipher after the hash in the watermark was generated.
- Boolean map (Bit window_bit, Bit band bit, int window, int frequency);
- /* modifies the value of the cell in spectrum buffer, indexed by freq_offset in a manner that distinguishes each of the 2 possible values of theBit, l or O */
- useCell map(getBit(window_mask,window_offset), gef ⁇ it(freque ⁇ cy_mask,frequency_offset), window_offset, frequency offset);
- the encode() procedure processes an input sample stream using the specified frequency and window masks as well as a pre-formatted message to encode.
- encodeO processes the sample stream in windows of WTNDOW SIZE samples, contiguously distributed in the sample stream, so it advances WTNTJOW SIZE samples at a time.
- encodeO For each sample window. encodeO first compute the FFT of the window, yielding its Power Spectrum Estimation. For each of these window PSEs, encodeO then uses the map() function to determine where in each PSE to encode the bits of the message, which it reads from the message buffer, on ebit at a time. Each time mapO returns true, encodeO consumes another sample from the message.
- encodeO After each window is encoded, encodeO computes the inverse FFT on the PSE to generate a modified sample window, which is then output as the modified signal. It is important the sample windows NOT overlap in the sample stream, since this would potentially damage the proceeding encoding windows in the stream.
- encodeO resets it internal variables to begin encoding the message once more in the next window. encodeO proceeds in this manner until the input sample stream is exhausted.
- /* reads the value of the cell in spectrum_buffer, indexed by freq_offset in a manner that distinguishes each of the 2 possible values of an encoded bit, 1 or 0 */
- nextSampIes WTNDOW SIZE
- aBit decodeBit(power_frequency_buffer, ' frequency_offset); setBit(message_buffer,message_bit_offset,aBit); message_bit_offset ++;
- the decodeO procedure scans an input sample stream using specified window and frequency masks, until it either decodes a valid message block, storing it in a message buffer, or exhausts the sample stream.
- the decodeO procedure starts in state Synchronizing, in which it does not know where in the sample stream the encoding windows are aligned.
- the procedure advances the sample window through the sample stream one sample at a time, performing the FFT calculation on each window, and attempting to decode valid message bits from the window.
- the decode() procdure compares these bits against the start of message marker.
- the decode() procedure knows it is not yet properly aligned to an encoding window, and immediately ceases decoding bits from the current window and moves to the next window, offset by 1 sample.
- the decode() procedure continues in this manner until it matches successfully the complete bitstream of a start of message marker.
- the decode() procedure assumes it is aligned to an encoded message and can then decode bits to the message buffer quickly, advancing the sample window fully at each iterations. It is now in Locked mode. For each bit it stores in the message buffer when in Locked mode, the decode() procedure also shifts the same bit value into the least significant bit of the message_end_buffer. After each bit is decoded in Locked mode, the decode() procedure checks compares the message_end_buffer with the msg_end_marker in a bit by bit manner. When a complete match is found, decode() is finished and returns true. If the sample stream is exhausted before this occurs, decode() returns false. If decode() returns true, a valid message is stored in the message buffer, including the start and end of message markers.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69637340T DE69637340T2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | STEGANOGRAPHIC METHOD AND STEGANOGRAPHIC DEVICE |
EP96919405A EP0872073B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | Steganographic method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/489,172 | 1995-06-07 | ||
US08/489,172 US5613004A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1995-06-07 | Steganographic method and device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996042151A2 true WO1996042151A2 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
WO1996042151A3 WO1996042151A3 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
Family
ID=23942708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/010257 WO1996042151A2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | Steganographic method and device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (10) | US5613004A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0872073B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE379894T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69637340T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996042151A2 (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000011834A1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-02 | Schlumberger Industries, S.A. | Graphic digital signatures |
WO2000025203A1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-04 | Datamark Technologies Pte Ltd. | Methods of digital steganography for multimedia data |
GB2349536A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-11-01 | Ibm | Electronic watermark system |
GB2365285A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-13 | Cambridge Consultants | Decoding watermarked data using keys and FFT |
GB2365296A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-13 | Cambridge Consultants | Encoder/decoder for watermarking a covertext signal |
EP1222769A1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2002-07-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Active data hiding for secure electronic media distribution |
US6738906B1 (en) | 1996-09-30 | 2004-05-18 | Nokia Corporation | Marking of electronic documents in order to expose unauthorized publication |
US6754377B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2004-06-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems for marking printed documents |
US7167825B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2007-01-23 | Thomas Potter | Device and method for hiding information and device and method for extracting information |
US7916862B2 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2011-03-29 | Activated Content Corporation | Stegotext encoder and decoder |
US8494903B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2013-07-23 | Activated Content Corporation | Universal advertising model utilizing digital linkage technology “U AD” |
US9070151B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2015-06-30 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions |
US9104842B2 (en) | 1996-01-17 | 2015-08-11 | Scott A. Moskowitz | Data protection method and device |
US9639717B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2017-05-02 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth |
US9710669B2 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2017-07-18 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Secure personal content server |
US9843445B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2017-12-12 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects |
US10461930B2 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2019-10-29 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems |
US11562753B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2023-01-24 | The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc | Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution |
Families Citing this family (547)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10361802B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2019-07-23 | Blanding Hovenweep, Llc | Adaptive pattern recognition based control system and method |
US6983051B1 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2006-01-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for audio watermarking and decoding |
US5832119C1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2002-03-05 | Digimarc Corp | Methods for controlling systems using control signals embedded in empirical data |
US7171016B1 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2007-01-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Method for monitoring internet dissemination of image, video and/or audio files |
US6681029B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2004-01-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Decoding steganographic messages embedded in media signals |
US5748763A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1998-05-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Image steganography system featuring perceptually adaptive and globally scalable signal embedding |
US7113615B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2006-09-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark embedder and reader |
US7116781B2 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2006-10-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Counteracting geometric distortions in watermarking |
US6944298B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2005-09-13 | Digimare Corporation | Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals |
US5822436A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1998-10-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Photographic products and methods employing embedded information |
US5862260A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1999-01-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data |
US6574350B1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2003-06-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking employing both frail and robust watermarks |
US6408082B1 (en) | 1996-04-25 | 2002-06-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark detection using a fourier mellin transform |
US5768426A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1998-06-16 | Digimarc Corporation | Graphics processing system employing embedded code signals |
US6122403A (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2000-09-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Computer system linked by using information in data objects |
US6345104B1 (en) | 1994-03-17 | 2002-02-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarks and methods for security documents |
US5841978A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1998-11-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Network linking method using steganographically embedded data objects |
US6614914B1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2003-09-02 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark embedder and reader |
US20020009208A1 (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 2002-01-24 | Adnan Alattar | Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks |
US7676059B2 (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 2010-03-09 | Digimarc Corporation | Video steganography or encoding |
US6611607B1 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2003-08-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content |
US6580819B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2003-06-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods of producing security documents having digitally encoded data and documents employing same |
US6636615B1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2003-10-21 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems using multiple watermarks |
US6549638B2 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 2003-04-15 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for evidencing illicit use of a computer system or device |
US5841886A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1998-11-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Security system for photographic identification |
US6516079B1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2003-02-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermark screening and detecting strategies |
US7313251B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2007-12-25 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and system for managing and controlling electronic media |
US6681028B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2004-01-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Paper-based control of computer systems |
US6424725B1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2002-07-23 | Digimarc Corporation | Determining transformations of media signals with embedded code signals |
US6968057B2 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 2005-11-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Emulsion products and imagery employing steganography |
US7286684B2 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 2007-10-23 | Digimarc Corporation | Secure document design carrying auxiliary machine readable information |
US6985600B2 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 2006-01-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Printing media and methods employing digital watermarking |
US6522770B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2003-02-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Management of documents and other objects using optical devices |
US6882738B2 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 2005-04-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and tangible objects employing textured machine readable data |
US6869023B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2005-03-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Linking documents through digital watermarking |
US7778437B2 (en) | 1994-03-17 | 2010-08-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Media and methods employing steganographic marking |
US7039214B2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2006-05-02 | Digimarc Corporation | Embedding watermark components during separate printing stages |
US7991347B1 (en) | 1994-04-07 | 2011-08-02 | Data Innovation Llc | System and method for accessing set of digital data at a remote site |
US6473860B1 (en) | 1994-04-07 | 2002-10-29 | Hark C. Chan | Information distribution and processing system |
US5493677A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1996-02-20 | Systems Research & Applications Corporation | Generation, archiving, and retrieval of digital images with evoked suggestion-set captions and natural language interface |
US7181758B1 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 2007-02-20 | Data Innovation, L.L.C. | Information distribution and processing system |
US7724919B2 (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 2010-05-25 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems for steganographic processing |
US8094949B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2012-01-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Music methods and systems |
US6560349B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2003-05-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Audio monitoring using steganographic information |
US6879701B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2005-04-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Tile-based digital watermarking techniques |
US7986806B2 (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 2011-07-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Paper products and physical objects as means to access and control a computer or to navigate over or act as a portal on a network |
US7362775B1 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 2008-04-22 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Exchange mechanisms for digital information packages with bandwidth securitization, multichannel digital watermarks, and key management |
US7007166B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 | 2006-02-28 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Method and system for digital watermarking |
US5745569A (en) | 1996-01-17 | 1998-04-28 | The Dice Company | Method for stega-cipher protection of computer code |
US6658568B1 (en) | 1995-02-13 | 2003-12-02 | Intertrust Technologies Corporation | Trusted infrastructure support system, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce transaction and rights management |
US7133845B1 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 2006-11-07 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | System and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection |
US6948070B1 (en) | 1995-02-13 | 2005-09-20 | Intertrust Technologies Corporation | Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection |
US6157721A (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2000-12-05 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods using cryptography to protect secure computing environments |
US7133846B1 (en) | 1995-02-13 | 2006-11-07 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Digital certificate support system, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce transaction and rights management |
DE69638018D1 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 2009-10-15 | Intertrust Tech Corp | Systems and procedures for managing secure transactions and protecting electronic rights |
US5943422A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1999-08-24 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels |
US5892900A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-04-06 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection |
US7143290B1 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 2006-11-28 | Intertrust Technologies Corporation | Trusted and secure techniques, systems and methods for item delivery and execution |
US7124302B2 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 2006-10-17 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection |
US7095854B1 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 2006-08-22 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection |
US7224819B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2007-05-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content |
US6738495B2 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2004-05-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermarking enhanced to withstand anticipated corruptions |
US6763123B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2004-07-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Detection of out-of-phase low visibility watermarks |
US6760463B2 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2004-07-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermarking methods and media |
US7805500B2 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2010-09-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Network linking methods and apparatus |
US6718046B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2004-04-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Low visibility watermark using time decay fluorescence |
US6590996B1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2003-07-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Color adaptive watermarking |
US7555139B2 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2009-06-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Secure documents with hidden signals, and related methods and systems |
US7620200B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2009-11-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Authentication of identification documents |
US6744906B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2004-06-01 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems using multiple watermarks |
US20030133592A1 (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 2003-07-17 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Content objects with computer instructions steganographically encoded therein, and associated methods |
US20090097695A9 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2009-04-16 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Personal document authentication system using watermarking |
US6721440B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2004-04-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Low visibility watermarks using an out-of-phase color |
US5613004A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-03-18 | The Dice Company | Steganographic method and device |
US5852664A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1998-12-22 | Intel Corporation | Decode access control for encoded multimedia signals |
US7051086B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2006-05-23 | Digimarc Corporation | Method of linking on-line data to printed documents |
US6505160B1 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2003-01-07 | Digimarc Corporation | Connected audio and other media objects |
US6829368B2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2004-12-07 | Digimarc Corporation | Establishing and interacting with on-line media collections using identifiers in media signals |
US6311214B1 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2001-10-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Linking of computers based on optical sensing of digital data |
US6788800B1 (en) | 2000-07-25 | 2004-09-07 | Digimarc Corporation | Authenticating objects using embedded data |
US7289643B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2007-10-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Method, apparatus and programs for generating and utilizing content signatures |
US7171018B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2007-01-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Portable devices and methods employing digital watermarking |
US7562392B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2009-07-14 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods of interacting with audio and ambient music |
US6965682B1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2005-11-15 | Digimarc Corp | Data transmission by watermark proxy |
US6408331B1 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2002-06-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Computer linking methods using encoded graphics |
US6577746B1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2003-06-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark-based object linking and embedding |
US7711564B2 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2010-05-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Connected audio and other media objects |
US6411725B1 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2002-06-25 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark enabled video objects |
US7006661B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2006-02-28 | Digimarc Corp | Digital watermarking systems and methods |
US7770013B2 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2010-08-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital authentication with digital and analog documents |
US7047241B1 (en) | 1995-10-13 | 2006-05-16 | Digimarc Corporation | System and methods for managing digital creative works |
US6807534B1 (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 2004-10-19 | Trustees Of Dartmouth College | System and method for managing copyrighted electronic media |
US5859920A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1999-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for embedding digital information in an image |
US5892825A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-04-06 | Hyperlock Technologies Inc | Method of secure server control of local media via a trigger through a network for instant local access of encrypted data on local media |
US6466209B1 (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 2002-10-15 | Ncr Corporation | Method for transparent marking of digital images for storage, retrieval and processing within a computer database |
US6205249B1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2001-03-20 | Scott A. Moskowitz | Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking |
US5822432A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1998-10-13 | The Dice Company | Method for human-assisted random key generation and application for digital watermark system |
US20010011253A1 (en) | 1998-08-04 | 2001-08-02 | Christopher D. Coley | Automated system for management of licensed software |
US20060265337A1 (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2006-11-23 | Graphon Corporation | Automated system for management of licensed digital assets |
US6088452A (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 2000-07-11 | Northern Telecom Limited | Encoding technique for software and hardware |
US5953415A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1999-09-14 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Fingerprinting plain text information |
AU2435297A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-11-07 | Theodore G Handel | Data embedding |
US7715446B2 (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 2010-05-11 | Digimarc Corporation | Wireless methods and devices employing plural-bit data derived from audio information |
US20030056103A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-03-20 | Levy Kenneth L. | Audio/video commerce application architectural framework |
US8180844B1 (en) | 2000-03-18 | 2012-05-15 | Digimarc Corporation | System for linking from objects to remote resources |
US7505605B2 (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 2009-03-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Portable devices and methods employing digital watermarking |
US6381341B1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2002-04-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal |
US6229924B1 (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 2001-05-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for watermarking video images |
US6078664A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2000-06-20 | Moskowitz; Scott A. | Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks |
US5889868A (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 1999-03-30 | The Dice Company | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data |
US7457962B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2008-11-25 | Wistaria Trading, Inc | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data |
US7095874B2 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 2006-08-22 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data |
US7346472B1 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2008-03-18 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals |
US7107451B2 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 2006-09-12 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data |
US6272634B1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2001-08-07 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Digital watermarking to resolve multiple claims of ownership |
US6226387B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2001-05-01 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Method and apparatus for scene-based video watermarking |
US6061793A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2000-05-09 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, in human perceptible sounds |
US8306811B2 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2012-11-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Embedding data in audio and detecting embedded data in audio |
US8131007B2 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2012-03-06 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Watermarking using multiple watermarks and keys, including keys dependent on the host signal |
US6031914A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2000-02-29 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, in human perceptible images |
US7366908B2 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2008-04-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking with content dependent keys and autocorrelation properties for synchronization |
US6282299B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2001-08-28 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Method and apparatus for video watermarking using perceptual masks |
US6061451A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 2000-05-09 | Digital Vision Laboratories Corporation | Apparatus and method for receiving and decrypting encrypted data and protecting decrypted data from illegal use |
US6978370B1 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 2005-12-20 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Method and system for copy-prevention of digital copyright works |
US5848155A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-12-08 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Spread spectrum watermark for embedded signalling |
US5809139A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-09-15 | Vivo Software, Inc. | Watermarking method and apparatus for compressed digital video |
US5825892A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-10-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Protecting images with an image watermark |
US5915027A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1999-06-22 | Nec Research Institute | Digital watermarking |
US6912652B2 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 2005-06-28 | Monolith Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for imprinting ID information into a digital content and for reading out the same |
US20060020806A1 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2006-01-26 | Monolith Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for imprinting ID information into a digital content and for reading out the same |
US8005254B2 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2011-08-23 | Digimarc Corporation | Background watermark processing |
US7751596B2 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 2010-07-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and arrangements employing digital content items |
US7730317B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2010-06-01 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks |
JP3172475B2 (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 2001-06-04 | 日本アイ・ビー・エム株式会社 | Data hiding method and data extraction method using statistical test |
DE69840308D1 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2009-01-22 | Nec Corp | System for encoding digital data |
US5920861A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1999-07-06 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Techniques for defining using and manipulating rights management data structures |
US6233684B1 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2001-05-15 | Contenaguard Holdings, Inc. | System for controlling the distribution and use of rendered digital works through watermaking |
AU6759998A (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-22 | Skylight Software, Inc. | Cryptographic digital identity method |
WO1998042098A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Cryptoworks, Inc. | Digital product rights management technique |
US6427012B1 (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2002-07-30 | Verance Corporation | Apparatus and method for embedding and extracting information in analog signals using replica modulation |
US5940135A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-08-17 | Aris Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding information in analog signals |
US6049627A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 2000-04-11 | Thomason Information Services, Inc. | Covert digital identifying indicia for digital image |
ES2142234B1 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-09-16 | Telefonica Sa | NEW MARKER AND READER OF DOCUMENTS. |
KR100323441B1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2002-06-20 | 윤종용 | Mpeg2 motion picture coding/decoding system |
US6011849A (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 2000-01-04 | Syndata Technologies, Inc. | Encryption-based selection system for steganography |
WO1999010859A2 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-04 | Syndata Technologies, Inc. | Steganographic encryption system for secure data |
EP0901282B1 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 2006-06-28 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method for recording and reproducing electronic watermark information |
US6108434A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2000-08-22 | Signafy, Inc. | Counteracting geometric distortions for DCT based watermarking |
US6611599B2 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 2003-08-26 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Watermarking of digital object |
US6112181A (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2000-08-29 | Intertrust Technologies Corporation | Systems and methods for matching, selecting, narrowcasting, and/or classifying based on rights management and/or other information |
US7092914B1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2006-08-15 | Intertrust Technologies Corporation | Methods for matching, selecting, narrowcasting, and/or classifying based on rights management and/or other information |
JPH11232779A (en) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-08-27 | Toshiba Corp | Copy preventing device |
DE19751465C2 (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-09-02 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Device and method for determining sensitivity values for copying an image taken with a digital camera and device for copying an image onto copying material |
EP0921675B1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2006-07-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method of processing image information and method of preventing forgery of certificates or the like |
US6101602A (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2000-08-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Digital watermarking by adding random, smooth patterns |
JPH11177924A (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-07-02 | Sony Corp | Signal reproducing device, signal recording device, signal recording system, signal reproducing method and signal recording method |
US7587044B2 (en) * | 1998-01-02 | 2009-09-08 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Differential power analysis method and apparatus |
US6373960B1 (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2002-04-16 | Pixel Tools Corporation | Embedding watermarks into compressed video data |
US7054463B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2006-05-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Data encoding using frail watermarks |
JP2003529225A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2003-09-30 | ディジマーク コーポレイション | Multiple watermark technology |
US6513118B1 (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2003-01-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic watermarking method, electronic information distribution system, image filing apparatus and storage medium therefor |
JP4313873B2 (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2009-08-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | Electronic device and data processing method |
US6373974B2 (en) | 1998-03-16 | 2002-04-16 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Method for extracting multiresolution watermark images to determine rightful ownership |
US6064764A (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2000-05-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Fragile watermarks for detecting tampering in images |
US6396956B1 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2002-05-28 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Method and apparatus for selecting image data to skip when encoding digital video |
US6256736B1 (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 2001-07-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Secured signal modification and verification with privacy control |
US6557103B1 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 2003-04-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Spread spectrum image steganography |
US6069955A (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2000-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for protection of goods against counterfeiting |
US6608911B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-08-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Digitally watermaking holograms for use with smart cards |
US6782115B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2004-08-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark holograms |
WO1999053428A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-21 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking and banknotes |
US7602940B2 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2009-10-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographic data hiding using a device clock |
US7689532B1 (en) | 2000-07-20 | 2010-03-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Using embedded data with file sharing |
US6965873B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2005-11-15 | Digimarc Corporation | Electronic commerce using optical input device |
JP2000003129A (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2000-01-07 | Digital Vision Laboratories:Kk | Electronic watermark embedment apparatus |
US6243480B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-06-05 | Jian Zhao | Digital authentication with analog documents |
US6504941B2 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2003-01-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method and apparatus for digital watermarking of images |
US6327657B1 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 2001-12-04 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for creating electronic water marks in digital data |
US6233347B1 (en) | 1998-05-21 | 2001-05-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | System method, and product for information embedding using an ensemble of non-intersecting embedding generators |
US6400826B1 (en) | 1998-05-21 | 2002-06-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | System, method, and product for distortion-compensated information embedding using an ensemble of non-intersecting embedding generators |
IL124595A (en) | 1998-05-21 | 2009-09-01 | Yossef Tsuria | Anti-piracy system |
US6314192B1 (en) | 1998-05-21 | 2001-11-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | System, method, and product for information embedding using an ensemble of non-intersecting embedding generators |
US7644282B2 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2010-01-05 | Verance Corporation | Pre-processed information embedding system |
US6332194B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2001-12-18 | Signafy, Inc. | Method for data preparation and watermark insertion |
JP3835655B2 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2006-10-18 | ソニー株式会社 | Information signal reproducing apparatus, information signal processing apparatus, information signal reproducing method and information signal output method |
US6523113B1 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2003-02-18 | Apple Computer, Inc. | Method and apparatus for copy protection |
US6154571A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-11-28 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Robust digital watermarking |
JP2000023116A (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Object identifier processing method and recording medium for providing the same |
JP3563270B2 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2004-09-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Authentication method of digital watermark image |
FR2783658B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2000-10-13 | Thomson Multimedia Sa | PROTECTION AGAINST COPYING OF DIGITAL DATA STORED ON AN INFORMATION MEDIUM |
US7055034B1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2006-05-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for robust embedded data |
US7532740B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2009-05-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for embedding auxiliary information within original data |
US7197156B1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2007-03-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for embedding auxiliary information within original data |
US7373513B2 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2008-05-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Transmarking of multimedia signals |
US6345100B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2002-02-05 | Liquid Audio, Inc. | Robust watermark method and apparatus for digital signals |
US6330673B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2001-12-11 | Liquid Audio, Inc. | Determination of a best offset to detect an embedded pattern |
US6209094B1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2001-03-27 | Liquid Audio Inc. | Robust watermark method and apparatus for digital signals |
WO2000022811A1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-20 | Canon Sales Co., Inc. | Document authentication using a mark that is separate from document information |
US6320965B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2001-11-20 | Liquid Audio, Inc. | Secure watermark method and apparatus for digital signals |
US6219634B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2001-04-17 | Liquid Audio, Inc. | Efficient watermark method and apparatus for digital signals |
US8290202B2 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2012-10-16 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods utilizing steganography |
US20050160271A9 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2005-07-21 | Brundage Trent J. | Identification document and related methods |
JP2002531977A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2002-09-24 | シグナファイ、 インコーポレイテッド | Combining multiple messages with different properties for watermarking |
US6427021B1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 2002-07-30 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Recording graphical and tracking information on the face of a mailpiece |
US6408287B1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 2002-06-18 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Recording graphical information on the face of a mail piece and placing information about the graphical information in an information-based indicia |
US6128736A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-03 | Signafy, Inc. | Method for inserting a watermark signal into data |
US6748533B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2004-06-08 | Kent Ridge Digital Labs | Method and apparatus for protecting the legitimacy of an article |
US6678389B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2004-01-13 | Kent Ridge Digital Labs | Method and apparatus for embedding digital information in digital multimedia data |
GB2363300B (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2003-10-01 | Kent Ridge Digital Labs | Digital audio watermarking using content-adaptive multiple echo hopping |
US6442283B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2002-08-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Multimedia data embedding |
US20020056043A1 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2002-05-09 | Sensar, Inc. | Method and apparatus for securely transmitting and authenticating biometric data over a network |
US6332193B1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2001-12-18 | Sensar, Inc. | Method and apparatus for securely transmitting and authenticating biometric data over a network |
WO2001033495A1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-05-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems using multiple watermarks |
US6591365B1 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2003-07-08 | Time Warner Entertainment Co., Lp | Copy protection control system |
US6282650B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2001-08-28 | Intel Corporation | Secure public digital watermark |
DE60045927D1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2011-06-16 | Macrovision Corp | Method and apparatus for controlling the copying of a video or audio signal using watermarks |
CN1354935A (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2002-06-19 | 奥廷提戴特控股有限公司 | Digital file management and imaging system and method including secure file marking |
US6546113B1 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2003-04-08 | Leitch Technology International Inc. | Method and apparatus for video watermarking |
US6868497B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2005-03-15 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatic ID management |
US6757827B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2004-06-29 | Unisys Corporation | Autonomously secured image data |
IL129725A (en) * | 1999-05-02 | 2011-06-30 | Nds Ltd | Watermark system |
US6697948B1 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2004-02-24 | Michael O. Rabin | Methods and apparatus for protecting information |
CA2337005A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-23 | Signafy, Inc. | A method for increasing the functionality of a media player/recorder device or an application program |
US7421586B2 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2008-09-02 | Fraunhofer Gesselschaft | Protecting mobile code against malicious hosts |
US6510234B1 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2003-01-21 | Signafy, Inc. | Method for increasing the functionality of a media player/recorder device |
US6456725B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2002-09-24 | Signafy, Inc. | Method for increasing the functionality of a media player/recorder device or an application program |
WO2000070516A1 (en) | 1999-05-15 | 2000-11-23 | Ogilvie, John, W., L. | Automatic broker tools and techniques |
US20010034705A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-10-25 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Payment-based systems for internet music |
US7302574B2 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2007-11-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Content identifiers triggering corresponding responses through collaborative processing |
US8874244B2 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2014-10-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems employing digital content |
KR101145534B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2012-06-01 | 디지맥 코포레이션 | Methods and systems for controlling computers or linking to internet resources from physical and electronic objects |
US7261612B1 (en) * | 1999-08-30 | 2007-08-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems for read-aloud books |
US7111170B2 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2006-09-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Distributed system for responding to watermarked documents |
US7164413B2 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2007-01-16 | Digimarc Corporation | Enhanced input peripheral |
US20020032734A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 | 2002-03-14 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Collateral data combined with user characteristics to select web site |
US20070055884A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2007-03-08 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | User control and activation of watermark enabled objects |
US7406214B2 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2008-07-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and devices employing optical sensors and/or steganography |
KR100853951B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2008-08-25 | 디지맥 코포레이션 | Methods and devices for processing audio |
US6801999B1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2004-10-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Passive and active software objects containing bore resistant watermarking |
US6952774B1 (en) | 1999-05-22 | 2005-10-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Audio watermarking with dual watermarks |
US6785815B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2004-08-31 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Methods and systems for encoding and protecting data using digital signature and watermarking techniques |
US8103542B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2012-01-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Digitally marked objects and promotional methods |
US7543148B1 (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2009-06-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Audio watermarking with covert channel and permutations |
US7020285B1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2006-03-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Stealthy audio watermarking |
US6993148B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2006-01-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method, and storage medium |
US7243236B1 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2007-07-10 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Systems and methods for using cryptography to protect secure and insecure computing environments |
AU6311000A (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-02-19 | Global Intertech Marketing Limited | System and method for marking of audio data |
US7502759B2 (en) * | 1999-08-30 | 2009-03-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking methods and related toy and game applications |
JP2003527779A (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2003-09-16 | ディジマーク コーポレイション | Method of forming watermark on digital image by specifying intensity for each area |
US6456727B1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2002-09-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of extracting digital watermark information and method of judging but value of digital watermark information |
US7249259B1 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2007-07-24 | Certicom Corp. | Hybrid signature scheme |
US6671407B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2003-12-30 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for hashing digital images |
US6640005B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2003-10-28 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Method for inconspicuously adding tracking data in coded images |
US6876991B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2005-04-05 | Collaborative Decision Platforms, Llc. | System, method and computer program product for a collaborative decision platform |
US7051203B1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2006-05-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data watermarks created by using an uneven sampling period |
US6608919B1 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2003-08-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for encoding paper with information |
JP3740917B2 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2006-02-01 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Recording method and recording medium |
WO2001043026A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions |
WO2001043080A1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | Sun Microsystems Inc. | Secure photo carrying identification device, as well as means and method for authenticating such an identification device |
EP1670233A1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2006-06-14 | Sony Corporation | A photographic image commercial transaction system using a portable music player |
US6839844B1 (en) * | 2000-01-03 | 2005-01-04 | Hirokazu Okano | Image encryption method and device |
EP2352120B1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2016-03-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Network-based access to auxiliary data based on steganographic information |
US6625297B1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2003-09-23 | Digimarc Corporation | Self-orienting watermarks |
US6737957B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-05-18 | Verance Corporation | Remote control signaling using audio watermarks |
US6834308B1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2004-12-21 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for identifying media content presented on a media playing device |
US7426750B2 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2008-09-16 | Verimatrix, Inc. | Network-based content distribution system |
EP1134977A1 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2001-09-19 | Irdeto Access B.V. | Method and system for providing copies of scrambled content with unique watermarks, and system for descrambling scrambled content |
NZ521318A (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2005-02-25 | Entriq | Method and system to uniquely associate multicast content with each of multiple recipients |
US7039189B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2006-05-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Stream continuity enforcement |
AU2001249848A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2001-10-15 | Ecd Systems, Inc. | Method and system for digital data delivery and reproduction |
US9609278B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2017-03-28 | Koplar Interactive Systems International, Llc | Method and system for auxiliary data detection and delivery |
AU2001255445A1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks |
US7738673B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2010-06-15 | Digimarc Corporation | Low visible digital watermarks |
US6912295B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2005-06-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Enhancing embedding of out-of-phase signals |
US6993149B2 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2006-01-31 | Digimarc Corporation | Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors |
US6804377B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2004-10-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Detecting information hidden out-of-phase in color channels |
US6891959B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2005-05-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Hiding information out-of-phase in color channels |
US8027509B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2011-09-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking in data representing color channels |
US7305104B2 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2007-12-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Authentication of identification documents using digital watermarks |
US7111168B2 (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2006-09-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking systems |
JP3985461B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2007-10-03 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Authentication method, content sending device, content receiving device, authentication system |
US8121843B2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2012-02-21 | Digimarc Corporation | Fingerprint methods and systems for media signals |
US7508944B1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2009-03-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Using classification techniques in digital watermarking |
KR100611094B1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2006-08-09 | 주식회사 케이티 | Apparatus and method for inserting/detecting watermark based stochastic model |
WO2002003385A1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-10 | Moskowitz Scott A | Copy protection of digital data combining steganographic and cryptographic techniques |
AU7182701A (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-21 | David Paul Felsher | Information record infrastructure, system and method |
ATE480838T1 (en) | 2000-07-06 | 2010-09-15 | Thomas W Meyer | STEGANOGRAPHIC DATA EMBEDDING IN DIGITAL SIGNALS |
FR2812502B1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-12-20 | Canon Kk | INSERTING AND EXTRACTING MESSAGE IN DIGITAL DATA |
US20020051545A1 (en) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-05-02 | Ogilvie John W.L. | Encryption multiplexing |
US6778587B1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2004-08-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Spread spectrum modulation system and method for embedding digital information into digital or analog media |
US20040243540A1 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2004-12-02 | Moskowitz Scott A. | Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals |
US6952485B1 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2005-10-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding and decoding in imaging devices and imaging device interfaces |
US6674876B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2004-01-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermarking in the time-frequency domain |
US7127615B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2006-10-24 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects |
CN1199383C (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2005-04-27 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Rendering device and arrangement |
EP1340149A4 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2005-10-19 | Raf Technology Inc | Verification engine for user authentication |
US7562012B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2009-07-14 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for creating a unique audio signature |
US6889209B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2005-05-03 | Shieldip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy |
AU2002214613A1 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-05-21 | Digimarc Corporation | Content authentication and recovery using digital watermarks |
AU2001296667A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-21 | Macrovision Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining digital a/v content distribution terms based on detected piracy levels |
US7124114B1 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2006-10-17 | Macrovision Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining digital A/V content distribution terms based on detected piracy levels |
US6738744B2 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2004-05-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Watermark detection via cardinality-scaled correlation |
US7266704B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2007-09-04 | Digimarc Corporation | User-friendly rights management systems and methods |
KR100375822B1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-03-15 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Watermark Embedding/Detecting Apparatus and Method for Digital Audio |
US8055899B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2011-11-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Systems and methods using digital watermarking and identifier extraction to provide promotional opportunities |
US8103877B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2012-01-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Content identification and electronic tickets, coupons and credits |
US8301453B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2012-10-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark synchronization signals conveying payload data |
UY26500A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2001-01-31 | Carlos Manuel Lopez Vazquez | METHOD FOR INSERTING HIDDEN DATA IN DIGITAL FILES WITH TRAILERS AND DETECTION PROCEDURES |
KR100355033B1 (en) | 2000-12-30 | 2002-10-19 | 주식회사 실트로닉 테크놀로지 | Apparatus and Method for Watermark Embedding and Detection using the Linear Prediction Analysis |
US7072487B2 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2006-07-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark detection using adaptive color projections |
JP4019303B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2007-12-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | ENCRYPTION DEVICE AND DECRYPTION DEVICE USING ENCRYPTION KEY INCLUDED IN ELECTRONIC WATERMARK AND METHOD THEREOF |
KR100392089B1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2003-07-22 | 스톰 씨엔씨 인코포레이티드 | A method for preventing reduction of sales amount of phonograph records by way of digital music file unlawfully circulated through communication network |
US7042470B2 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2006-05-09 | Digimarc Corporation | Using embedded steganographic identifiers in segmented areas of geographic images and characteristics corresponding to imagery data derived from aerial platforms |
JP2002268949A (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-20 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | Duplicate managing method, duplicate managing device, recording medium and program |
US7376242B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2008-05-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Quantization-based data embedding in mapped data |
US20040133745A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2004-07-08 | Quicksilver Technology, Inc. | Adaptable datapath for a digital processing system |
US7962716B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2011-06-14 | Qst Holdings, Inc. | Adaptive integrated circuitry with heterogeneous and reconfigurable matrices of diverse and adaptive computational units having fixed, application specific computational elements |
US7752419B1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2010-07-06 | Qst Holdings, Llc | Method and system for managing hardware resources to implement system functions using an adaptive computing architecture |
US8050452B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2011-11-01 | Digimarc Corporation | Quantization-based data embedding in mapped data |
US7653710B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 | 2010-01-26 | Qst Holdings, Llc. | Hardware task manager |
US6836839B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2004-12-28 | Quicksilver Technology, Inc. | Adaptive integrated circuitry with heterogeneous and reconfigurable matrices of diverse and adaptive computational units having fixed, application specific computational elements |
US7181017B1 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2007-02-20 | David Felsher | System and method for secure three-party communications |
US20020141582A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-03 | Kocher Paul C. | Content security layer providing long-term renewable security |
US7987510B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2011-07-26 | Rovi Solutions Corporation | Self-protecting digital content |
EP2267626B8 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2016-11-30 | NDS Limited | Digital rights management system and method |
US7363278B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2008-04-22 | Audible Magic Corporation | Copyright detection and protection system and method |
US7159118B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2007-01-02 | Verance Corporation | Methods and apparatus for embedding and recovering watermarking information based on host-matching codes |
US7822969B2 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2010-10-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark systems and methods |
US7607016B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2009-10-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Including a metric in a digital watermark for media authentication |
US6975743B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-12-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Robust and stealthy video watermarking into regions of successive frames |
US7356188B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2008-04-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Recognizer of text-based work |
US6973574B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2005-12-06 | Microsoft Corp. | Recognizer of audio-content in digital signals |
US6996273B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-02-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Robust recognizer of perceptually similar content |
US7020775B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-03-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Derivation and quantization of robust non-local characteristics for blind watermarking |
US7046819B2 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2006-05-16 | Digimarc Corporation | Encoded reference signal for digital watermarks |
US8543823B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2013-09-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking for identification documents |
US6577678B2 (en) | 2001-05-08 | 2003-06-10 | Quicksilver Technology | Method and system for reconfigurable channel coding |
WO2002091375A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Watermarking |
US7024018B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2006-04-04 | Verance Corporation | Watermark position modulation |
US6831991B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2004-12-14 | The Research Foundation Of Suny State University Plaza | Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images |
US7240196B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2007-07-03 | Verimatrix, Inc. | Method and system for protecting ownership rights of digital content files |
US8094869B2 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2012-01-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Fragile and emerging digital watermarks |
US6968337B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2005-11-22 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for identifying an unknown work |
US7529659B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2009-05-05 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for identifying an unknown work |
US7877438B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2011-01-25 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for identifying new media content |
US8972481B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2015-03-03 | Audible Magic, Inc. | Playlist generation method and apparatus |
US7124442B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2006-10-17 | 440 Pammel, Inc. | System and method for insertion and retrieval of microthreads in transmitted data |
JP2003046758A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-14 | Canon Inc | Imaging apparatus, information processing unit, image processing unit and method therefor, and image processing system |
JP3675745B2 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2005-07-27 | ソニー株式会社 | Additional data embedding device, additional data embedding method, and additional data embedding program |
US7213757B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2007-05-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Emerging security features for identification documents |
US7063264B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2006-06-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Covert variable information on identification documents and methods of making same |
US7537170B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2009-05-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Machine-readable security features for printed objects |
US20030135623A1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-07-17 | Audible Magic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for cache promotion |
FR2832574B1 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2004-02-27 | Cyber Comm | CERTIFICATION APPARATUS, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTHENTICATING A MESSAGE ORIGIN |
US7046635B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2006-05-16 | Quicksilver Technology, Inc. | System for authorizing functionality in adaptable hardware devices |
US8412915B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2013-04-02 | Altera Corporation | Apparatus, system and method for configuration of adaptive integrated circuitry having heterogeneous computational elements |
US6986021B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2006-01-10 | Quick Silver Technology, Inc. | Apparatus, method, system and executable module for configuration and operation of adaptive integrated circuitry having fixed, application specific computational elements |
US20040005055A1 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2004-01-08 | Master Paul L. | Method and system for digital watermarking |
US7215701B2 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2007-05-08 | Sharad Sambhwani | Low I/O bandwidth method and system for implementing detection and identification of scrambling codes |
US7006662B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2006-02-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Reversible watermarking using expansion, rate control and iterative embedding |
ATE509326T1 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2011-05-15 | L 1 Secure Credentialing Inc | MULTIPLE IMAGE SECURITY FEATURES FOR IDENTIFYING DOCUMENTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THEM |
US7694887B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2010-04-13 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Optically variable personalized indicia for identification documents |
US7728048B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2010-06-01 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Increasing thermal conductivity of host polymer used with laser engraving methods and compositions |
US7793846B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2010-09-14 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Systems, compositions, and methods for full color laser engraving of ID documents |
US7403981B2 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2008-07-22 | Quicksilver Technology, Inc. | Apparatus and method for adaptive multimedia reception and transmission in communication environments |
DE10200184A1 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-17 | Siemens Ag | Method for licensing software programs e.g. for office automation such as text processing, requires additional software program as licence manager |
GB2384380A (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-23 | Hewlett Packard Co | Discounted printing via use of authorised image capture and storage device. |
US7567721B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2009-07-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking of low bit rate video |
US7886151B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2011-02-08 | Purdue Research Foundation | Temporal synchronization of video and audio signals |
US7152786B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2006-12-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Identification document including embedded data |
US7415440B1 (en) | 2002-02-22 | 2008-08-19 | Entriq, Inc. | Method and system to provide secure key selection using a secure device in a watercrypting environment |
US20040006701A1 (en) * | 2002-04-13 | 2004-01-08 | Advanced Decisions Inc. | Method and apparatus for authentication of recorded audio |
US7096200B2 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2006-08-22 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for evaluating and enhancing source anonymity for encrypted web traffic |
EP1509830A2 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2005-03-02 | Shieldip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy |
US7824029B2 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2010-11-02 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Identification card printer-assembler for over the counter card issuing |
US7328414B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2008-02-05 | Qst Holdings, Llc | Method and system for creating and programming an adaptive computing engine |
US7660984B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2010-02-09 | Quicksilver Technology | Method and system for achieving individualized protected space in an operating system |
ES2424480T3 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2013-10-02 | Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg | Authentication patterns visible for printed document |
US7401224B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2008-07-15 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for managing sonic token verifiers |
AU2003240958A1 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-19 | Raf Technology, Inc. | Authentication query strategizer and results compiler |
KR20050006159A (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2005-01-15 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | Data distribution system |
US8601504B2 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2013-12-03 | Verance Corporation | Secure tracking system and method for video program content |
US7006703B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2006-02-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Content recognizer via probabilistic mirror distribution |
US7095873B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2006-08-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Watermarking via quantization of statistics of overlapping regions |
US20050271246A1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2005-12-08 | Sharma Ravi K | Watermark payload encryption methods and systems |
US20040091111A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-05-13 | Levy Kenneth L. | Digital watermarking and fingerprinting applications |
JP3737462B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2006-01-18 | ソニー・エリクソン・モバイルコミュニケーションズ株式会社 | Information processing system, information communication terminal and method, information processing device and method, recording medium, and program |
US7577841B2 (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2009-08-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark placement in watermarking of time varying media signals |
US7152021B2 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2006-12-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Computing distortion of media signals embedded data with repetitive structure and log-polar mapping |
US8108656B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2012-01-31 | Qst Holdings, Llc | Task definition for specifying resource requirements |
EP1546892B1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2017-03-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Protecting mobile code against malicious hosts cross references to related applications |
CA2499967A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2004-04-29 | Verance Corporation | Media monitoring, management and information system |
US7937591B1 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2011-05-03 | Qst Holdings, Llc | Method and system for providing a device which can be adapted on an ongoing basis |
US8276135B2 (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2012-09-25 | Qst Holdings Llc | Profiling of software and circuit designs utilizing data operation analyses |
US7804982B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2010-09-28 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Systems and methods for managing and detecting fraud in image databases used with identification documents |
US7712673B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2010-05-11 | L-L Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Identification document with three dimensional image of bearer |
US8332326B2 (en) | 2003-02-01 | 2012-12-11 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus to identify a work received by a processing system |
US9818136B1 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2017-11-14 | Steven M. Hoffberg | System and method for determining contingent relevance |
US20070174623A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-07-26 | Kaleidescape, Inc. | Detecting collusion among multiple recipients of fingerprinted information |
JP4340455B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2009-10-07 | 富士通株式会社 | Image processing program creation method, image processing program creation program, and image processing program creation device |
US7352878B2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2008-04-01 | Digimarc Corporation | Human perceptual model applied to rendering of watermarked signals |
EP1614064B1 (en) | 2003-04-16 | 2010-12-08 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Three dimensional data storage |
EP1639826B1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2008-11-26 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Raising detectability of additional data in a media signal having few frequency components |
CN101241735B (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2012-07-18 | 罗威所罗生股份有限公司 | Method for replaying encrypted video and audio content |
US7206649B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2007-04-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Audio watermarking with dual watermarks |
CA2534767A1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-03-17 | Inmate Telephone, Inc. | Three-way call detection using steganography |
US8301893B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2012-10-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Detecting media areas likely of hosting watermarks |
US7616776B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2009-11-10 | Verance Corproation | Methods and apparatus for enhancing the robustness of watermark extraction from digital host content |
US9055239B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2015-06-09 | Verance Corporation | Signal continuity assessment using embedded watermarks |
US20060239501A1 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Verance Corporation | Security enhancements of digital watermarks for multi-media content |
US7369677B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2008-05-06 | Verance Corporation | System reactions to the detection of embedded watermarks in a digital host content |
US7831832B2 (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2010-11-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Digital goods representation based upon matrix invariances |
US20050165690A1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2005-07-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Watermarking via quantization of rational statistics of regions |
GB0402909D0 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2004-03-17 | Stegostik Ltd | Data storage |
US7744002B2 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2010-06-29 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Tamper evident adhesive and identification document including same |
US8127137B2 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2012-02-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark payload encryption for media including multiple watermarks |
US7287159B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2007-10-23 | Shieldip, Inc. | Detection and identification methods for software |
US7770014B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2010-08-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Randomized signal transforms and their applications |
US8140848B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2012-03-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermark key generation |
US7668334B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2010-02-23 | Digimarc Corp | Conditioning imagery to better receive steganographic encoding |
US8130746B2 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2012-03-06 | Audible Magic Corporation | System for distributing decoy content in a peer to peer network |
US8891811B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2014-11-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Hierarchical watermark detector |
KR20070083987A (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-08-24 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Protecting a dsp algorithm |
US7664967B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2010-02-16 | Borland Software Corporation | Development system with methodology providing information hiding in executable programs |
EP1693801A3 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-11-29 | David Schaufele | Biometric-based systems and methods for identity verification |
US7676433B1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2010-03-09 | Raf Technology, Inc. | Secure, confidential authentication with private data |
US8839427B2 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2014-09-16 | Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. | WAN defense mitigation service |
US8020004B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2011-09-13 | Verance Corporation | Forensic marking using a common customization function |
US8781967B2 (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2014-07-15 | Verance Corporation | Watermarking in an encrypted domain |
US8566857B2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2013-10-22 | Forefront Assets Limited Liability Company | Method, system and program product for broadcast advertising and other broadcast content performance verification utilizing digital artifacts |
WO2007035817A2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-03-29 | Celodata, Inc. | A method, system and program product for the insertion and retrieval of identifying artifacts in transmitted lossy and lossless data |
US8566858B2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2013-10-22 | Forefront Assets Limited Liability Company | Method, system and program product for broadcast error protection of content elements utilizing digital artifacts |
US8966517B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 | 2015-02-24 | Forefront Assets Limited Liability Company | Method, system and program product for broadcast operations utilizing internet protocol and digital artifacts |
US8874477B2 (en) | 2005-10-04 | 2014-10-28 | Steven Mark Hoffberg | Multifactorial optimization system and method |
WO2007057876A1 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-05-24 | Nds Limited | Digital video recorder anti-skip system |
JP2007172165A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Droit information management method |
US20070204162A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Rodriguez Tony F | Safeguarding private information through digital watermarking |
US7958032B2 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2011-06-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Generating event messages corresponding to event indicators |
US20070265945A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Communicating event messages corresponding to event indicators |
US20070265946A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Aggregating event indicators |
US10152712B2 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2018-12-11 | Paypal, Inc. | Inspecting event indicators |
US20070263668A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-15 | Lau David K W | System, method and computer program for evaluating the audio quality of a received audio record |
US8102863B1 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2012-01-24 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | High-speed WAN to wireless LAN gateway |
US7646868B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2010-01-12 | Intel Corporation | Method for steganographic cryptography |
US9224145B1 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2015-12-29 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Venue based digital rights using capture device with digital watermarking capability |
US9280773B1 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2016-03-08 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | System and method for managing first party rights to content captured by third parties |
US8615778B1 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2013-12-24 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Personalized broadcast system |
US7983441B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2011-07-19 | Destiny Software Productions Inc. | Methods for watermarking media data |
US7738676B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2010-06-15 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Client-side watermarking using hybrid I-frames |
US7983440B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2011-07-19 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Selection of I-frames for client-side watermarking |
US7802306B1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2010-09-21 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Multiple watermarks for digital rights management (DRM) and content tracking |
US8000474B1 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2011-08-16 | Quiro Holdings, Inc. | Client-side protection of broadcast or multicast content for non-real-time playback |
GB0702091D0 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2007-03-14 | Fracture Code Corp Aps | Secure Barcode |
US8542802B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2013-09-24 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | System and method for three-way call detection |
US20080201158A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Johnson Mark D | System and method for visitation management in a controlled-access environment |
US8135947B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2012-03-13 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Interconnect device to enable compliance with rights management restrictions |
US9299120B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2016-03-29 | Thomson Licensing Llc | Modifying a coded bitstream |
US9191605B1 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2015-11-17 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Remote monitoring of media content that is associated with rights management restrictions |
US7925009B2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2011-04-12 | Red Hat, Inc. | Hybrid data encryption |
CN101681499B (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2013-04-24 | 汤姆逊许可证公司 | Modifying a coded bitstream |
US7895442B1 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2011-02-22 | Qurio Holdings, Inc. | Interconnect device to enable compliance with rights management restrictions |
US8006314B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2011-08-23 | Audible Magic Corporation | System for identifying content of digital data |
US8265272B2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2012-09-11 | Red Hat, Inc. | Method and an apparatus to generate pseudo random bits for a cryptographic key |
US8781117B2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2014-07-15 | Red Hat, Inc. | Generating pseudo random bits from polynomials |
US20090111584A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Koplar Interactive Systems International, L.L.C. | Method and system for encoded information processing |
US20090119379A1 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Sony Electronics Inc. | Rendering of multi-media content to near bit accuracy by contractual obligation |
US8416947B2 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2013-04-09 | Red Hat, Inc. | Block cipher using multiplication over a finite field of even characteristic |
US7945049B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2011-05-17 | Red Hat, Inc. | Stream cipher using multiplication over a finite field of even characteristic |
DE102008014409A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Embedder for embedding a watermark in an information representation, detector for detecting a watermark in an information representation, method and computer program |
US8560587B2 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2013-10-15 | Red Hat, Inc. | Non-linear mixing of pseudo-random number generator output |
US8588412B2 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2013-11-19 | Red Hat, Inc. | Mechanism for generating pseudorandom number sequences |
US8259938B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2012-09-04 | Verance Corporation | Efficient and secure forensic marking in compressed |
US8358781B2 (en) * | 2008-11-30 | 2013-01-22 | Red Hat, Inc. | Nonlinear feedback mode for block ciphers |
US9117268B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2015-08-25 | Digimarc Corporation | Out of phase digital watermarking in two chrominance directions |
US8199969B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2012-06-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Out of phase digital watermarking in two chrominance directions |
US8676822B2 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2014-03-18 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for quality assured media file storage |
US8630726B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2014-01-14 | Value-Added Communications, Inc. | System and method for detecting three-way call circumvention attempts |
US9225838B2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2015-12-29 | Value-Added Communications, Inc. | System and method for detecting three-way call circumvention attempts |
US8199651B1 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2012-06-12 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and system for modifying communication flows at a port level |
US8817043B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2014-08-26 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for selective viewing of a hidden presentation within a displayed presentation |
US8890892B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2014-11-18 | Pixar | System and method for steganographic image display |
US8878041B2 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2014-11-04 | Microsoft Corporation | Detecting beat information using a diverse set of correlations |
US9873053B2 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2018-01-23 | Koplar Interactive Systems International, Llc | Methods and systems for processing gaming data |
US8121618B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2012-02-21 | Digimarc Corporation | Intuitive computing methods and systems |
JP5990466B2 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2016-09-14 | スビラル・インコーポレーテッド | Method and apparatus for a general purpose multi-core system for implementing stream-based operations |
KR101542756B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2015-08-12 | 디지맥 코포레이션 | Hidden image signaling |
US20110299678A1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-08 | Alexander Roger Deas | Secure means for generating a specific key from unrelated parameters |
US8527779B1 (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2013-09-03 | Open Invention Network, Llc | Method and apparatus of performing distributed steganography of a data message |
US9607131B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2017-03-28 | Verance Corporation | Secure and efficient content screening in a networked environment |
US9484046B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2016-11-01 | Digimarc Corporation | Smartphone-based methods and systems |
US8644501B2 (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2014-02-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Paired carrier and pivot steganographic objects for stateful data layering |
DK2485488T3 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2017-07-31 | Nagravision Sa | Media decoder and a decoding method which allows for the tracking of the media decoder |
US8355805B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2013-01-15 | D. Light Design, Inc. | Systems and methods for activation and deactivation of appliances |
US10474858B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2019-11-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods of identifying barcoded items by evaluating multiple identification hypotheses, based on data from sensors including inventory sensors and ceiling-mounted cameras |
US20130101059A1 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2013-04-25 | Ira S. Moskowitz | Pre-modulation physical layer steganography |
US8923548B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2014-12-30 | Verance Corporation | Extraction of embedded watermarks from a host content using a plurality of tentative watermarks |
US8682026B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2014-03-25 | Verance Corporation | Efficient extraction of embedded watermarks in the presence of host content distortions |
US8615104B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-12-24 | Verance Corporation | Watermark extraction based on tentative watermarks |
US8533481B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-09-10 | Verance Corporation | Extraction of embedded watermarks from a host content based on extrapolation techniques |
US8745403B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2014-06-03 | Verance Corporation | Enhanced content management based on watermark extraction records |
US9323902B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2016-04-26 | Verance Corporation | Conditional access using embedded watermarks |
US9547753B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2017-01-17 | Verance Corporation | Coordinated watermarking |
US20130185214A1 (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-07-18 | Firethorn Mobile Inc. | System and Method For Secure Offline Payment Transactions Using A Portable Computing Device |
US9571606B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2017-02-14 | Verance Corporation | Social media viewing system |
US9106964B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2015-08-11 | Verance Corporation | Enhanced content distribution using advertisements |
US8726304B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-05-13 | Verance Corporation | Time varying evaluation of multimedia content |
US8869222B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-10-21 | Verance Corporation | Second screen content |
US9081778B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2015-07-14 | Audible Magic Corporation | Using digital fingerprints to associate data with a work |
US9305559B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-04-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Audio watermark encoding with reversing polarity and pairwise embedding |
US9401153B2 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2016-07-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Multi-mode audio recognition and auxiliary data encoding and decoding |
US9317872B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2016-04-19 | Muzak Llc | Encoding and decoding an audio watermark using key sequences comprising of more than two frequency components |
WO2014153199A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-25 | Verance Corporation | Transactional video marking system |
US9251549B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2016-02-02 | Verance Corporation | Watermark extractor enhancements based on payload ranking |
US9313021B2 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2016-04-12 | National Chiao Tung University | Secret communication method with self-authentication capability |
US9208334B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2015-12-08 | Verance Corporation | Content management using multiple abstraction layers |
CN105684441B (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2018-09-21 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | The Block- matching based on hash in video and image coding |
EP3061233B1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2019-12-11 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Representing blocks with hash values in video and image coding and decoding |
US8918326B1 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-12-23 | The Telos Alliance | Feedback and simulation regarding detectability of a watermark message |
US9354778B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2016-05-31 | Digimarc Corporation | Smartphone-based methods and systems |
US9311639B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2016-04-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods, apparatus and arrangements for device to device communication |
US10567754B2 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2020-02-18 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Hash table construction and availability checking for hash-based block matching |
CN105556971B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2019-07-30 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | It stirs for the block in intra block duplication prediction and determines with the coder side of dancing mode |
WO2015138798A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Verance Corporation | Interactive content acquisition using embedded codes |
KR102287779B1 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2021-08-06 | 마이크로소프트 테크놀로지 라이센싱, 엘엘씨 | Encoder decisions based on results of hash-based block matching |
WO2016034912A1 (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Umm Al-Qura University | Method and apparatus for scalar multiplication secure against differential power attacks |
EP3416386B1 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2021-01-13 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Hash-based encoder decisions for video coding |
US10834289B2 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2020-11-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Detection of steganography on the perimeter |
US10608814B2 (en) * | 2015-05-17 | 2020-03-31 | Gideon Samid | Equivoe-T: Transposition equivocation cryptography |
US9898322B2 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-02-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Steganographic message passing between a virtual machine and a hypervisor |
US11863509B2 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2024-01-02 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Publish-subscribe message transformation |
US10572961B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2020-02-25 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | Detection and prevention of inmate to inmate message relay |
US9609121B1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-03-28 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | System and method for third party monitoring of voice and video calls |
US10390039B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2019-08-20 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Motion estimation for screen remoting scenarios |
US11095877B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2021-08-17 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Local hash-based motion estimation for screen remoting scenarios |
US10027797B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2018-07-17 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | Alarm control for inmate call monitoring |
US10225396B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2019-03-05 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | Third party monitoring of a activity within a monitoring platform |
US10860786B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2020-12-08 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | System and method for analyzing and investigating communication data from a controlled environment |
US9930088B1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2018-03-27 | Global Tel*Link Corporation | Utilizing VoIP codec negotiation during a controlled environment call |
US10706160B1 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2020-07-07 | Intuit Inc. | Methods, systems, and articles of manufacture for protecting data in an electronic document using steganography techniques |
US10904251B2 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-01-26 | Advanced New Technologies Co., Ltd. | Blockchain-based copyright protection method and apparatus, and electronic device |
US11343097B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2022-05-24 | Bank Of America Corporation | Dynamic segmentation of network traffic by use of pre-shared keys |
US11271919B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2022-03-08 | Bank Of America Corporation | Network security system for rogue devices |
US11558362B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-01-17 | Bank Of America Corporation | Secure communication for remote devices |
US11202085B1 (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-14 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Low-cost hash table construction and hash-based block matching for variable-size blocks |
US11265255B1 (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2022-03-01 | Bank Of America Corporation | Secure communication routing for remote devices |
RU2761417C1 (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-12-08 | Публичное Акционерное Общество "Сбербанк России" (Пао Сбербанк) | Method for steganographying a digital image using a graphic digital label and method for decrypting a steganographied image |
WO2023170454A1 (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | 01 Communique Laboratory Inc. | Systems and methods for hiding private cryptographic keys in multimedia files |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4908873A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1990-03-13 | Philibert Alex C | Document reproduction security system |
US4979210A (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1990-12-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for protection of signal copy |
US5287407A (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1994-02-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Computer software protection |
US5365586A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-11-15 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting magnetic media |
US5408505A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1995-04-18 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for process control, tension control, and testing of magnetic media |
US5412718A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-05-02 | Institute Of Systems Science | Method for utilizing medium nonuniformities to minimize unauthorized duplication of digital information |
Family Cites Families (305)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004A (en) * | 1841-03-12 | Improvement in the manner of constructing and propelling steam-vessels | ||
US3233684A (en) * | 1961-12-13 | 1966-02-08 | Phillips Noah Oliver | Cultivating apparatus |
US5870474A (en) | 1995-12-04 | 1999-02-09 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing conditional access in connection-oriented, interactive networks with a multiplicity of service providers |
US3986624A (en) | 1971-02-16 | 1976-10-19 | International Incinerators, Inc. | Disposal feeding system including selective container control |
US3947825A (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1976-03-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Abstracting system for index search machine |
GB1519142A (en) | 1974-07-04 | 1978-07-26 | Emi Ltd | Detection of magnetic patterns |
US3984624A (en) | 1974-07-25 | 1976-10-05 | Weston Instruments, Inc. | Video system for conveying digital and analog information |
US4339134A (en) | 1977-07-05 | 1982-07-13 | Rockwell International Corporation | Electronic card game |
US4200770A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1980-04-29 | Stanford University | Cryptographic apparatus and method |
US4218582A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1980-08-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Public key cryptographic apparatus and method |
US4405829A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1983-09-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Cryptographic communications system and method |
US4424414A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1984-01-03 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Exponentiation cryptographic apparatus and method |
AU547877B2 (en) | 1980-09-26 | 1985-11-07 | B. Lofberg | Method for processing an information signal and means for carrying out the method |
CA1153103A (en) | 1981-03-19 | 1983-08-30 | Northern Telecom Limited | Scrambling and unscrambling video signals in a pay tv system |
US4672605A (en) | 1984-03-20 | 1987-06-09 | Applied Spectrum Technologies, Inc. | Data and voice communications system |
US4980782A (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1990-12-25 | Peter Ginkel | Software protection and identification system |
JPH0743748B2 (en) | 1986-02-17 | 1995-05-15 | 株式会社オークネット | Information transmission processing method of auction information transmission processing system |
GB8611014D0 (en) | 1986-05-06 | 1986-06-11 | Emi Plc Thorn | Signal identification |
US4748668A (en) * | 1986-07-09 | 1988-05-31 | Yeda Research And Development Company Limited | Method, apparatus and article for identification and signature |
US5050213A (en) | 1986-10-14 | 1991-09-17 | Electronic Publishing Resources, Inc. | Database usage metering and protection system and method |
US4827508A (en) | 1986-10-14 | 1989-05-02 | Personal Library Software, Inc. | Database usage metering and protection system and method |
US4977594A (en) | 1986-10-14 | 1990-12-11 | Electronic Publishing Resources, Inc. | Database usage metering and protection system and method |
US4896275A (en) | 1987-07-10 | 1990-01-23 | Bull Hn Information Systems Inc. | Full page graphics image display data reduction |
US4939515A (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1990-07-03 | General Electric Company | Digital signal encoding and decoding apparatus |
GB8824969D0 (en) | 1988-10-25 | 1988-11-30 | Emi Plc Thorn | Identification codes |
NL8901032A (en) | 1988-11-10 | 1990-06-01 | Philips Nv | CODER FOR INCLUDING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN A DIGITAL AUDIO SIGNAL WITH A PREFERRED FORMAT, A DECODER FOR DERIVING THIS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FROM THIS DIGITAL SIGNAL, AN APPARATUS FOR RECORDING A DIGITAL SIGNAL ON A CODE OF RECORD. OBTAINED A RECORD CARRIER WITH THIS DEVICE. |
US5142576A (en) * | 1989-02-07 | 1992-08-25 | Market Data Corporation | System for securely providing restricted video information |
US5341477A (en) | 1989-02-24 | 1994-08-23 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Broker for computer network server selection |
US4972471A (en) | 1989-05-15 | 1990-11-20 | Gary Gross | Encoding system |
US5077665A (en) | 1989-05-25 | 1991-12-31 | Reuters Limited | Distributed matching system |
US4969204A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1990-11-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Hybrid residual-based hierarchical storage and display method for high resolution digital images in a multiuse environment |
US5337361C1 (en) | 1990-01-05 | 2001-05-15 | Symbol Technologies Inc | Record with encoded data |
US5210820A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1993-05-11 | Broadcast Data Systems Limited Partnership | Signal recognition system and method |
US5136581A (en) | 1990-07-02 | 1992-08-04 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Arrangement for reserving and allocating a plurality of competing demands for an ordered bus communication network |
US5136647A (en) | 1990-08-02 | 1992-08-04 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method for secure time-stamping of digital documents |
US5136646A (en) | 1991-03-08 | 1992-08-04 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Digital document time-stamping with catenate certificate |
US5091938B1 (en) | 1990-08-06 | 1997-02-04 | Nippon Denki Home Electronics | Digital data cryptographic system |
US5243515A (en) | 1990-10-30 | 1993-09-07 | Lee Wayne M | Secure teleprocessing bidding system |
JP2644096B2 (en) | 1991-03-20 | 1997-08-25 | 富士通株式会社 | Mail center management method |
US5361296A (en) | 1991-11-25 | 1994-11-01 | Zoom Telephonics, Inc. | Modem with ring detection/modem processing capability |
US5319735A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1994-06-07 | Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. | Embedded signalling |
US5243423A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1993-09-07 | A. C. Nielsen Company | Spread spectrum digital data transmission over TV video |
JP3210054B2 (en) | 1992-02-21 | 2001-09-17 | 烈 山川 | Apparatus and method for generating chaotic signal and chaotic device |
US5469536A (en) | 1992-02-25 | 1995-11-21 | Imageware Software, Inc. | Image editing system including masking capability |
FI90934C (en) | 1992-04-13 | 1994-04-11 | Salon Televisiotehdas Oy | A method for incorporating digital information into an audio signal prior to its channel encoding |
US5754697A (en) | 1994-12-02 | 1998-05-19 | Fu; Chi-Yung | Selective document image data compression technique |
JP2589932B2 (en) | 1992-06-15 | 1997-03-12 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション | Global optimization method and system for device allocation |
US5721788A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1998-02-24 | Corbis Corporation | Method and system for digital image signatures |
JPH06119388A (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1994-04-28 | Sony Corp | Picture data managing method and picture data base |
WO1994011989A1 (en) | 1992-11-16 | 1994-05-26 | The Arbitron Company | Method and apparatus for encoding/decoding broadcast or recorded segments and monitoring audience exposure thereto |
US5341429A (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1994-08-23 | Testdrive Corporation | Transformation of ephemeral material |
US5369707A (en) | 1993-01-27 | 1994-11-29 | Tecsec Incorporated | Secure network method and apparatus |
US5379345A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1995-01-03 | Radio Audit Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the processing of encoded data in conjunction with an audio broadcast |
US5546462A (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1996-08-13 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting and authenticating various magnetic media |
JP3424262B2 (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 2003-07-07 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Online karaoke system |
US5860099A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1999-01-12 | Usar Systems, Inc. | Stored program system with protected memory and secure signature extraction |
GB2278973B (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1997-10-29 | Quantel Ltd | Video image processing systems |
US5581703A (en) | 1993-06-29 | 1996-12-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for reserving system resources to assure quality of service |
US5428606A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1995-06-27 | Moskowitz; Scott A. | Digital information commodities exchange |
US5363448A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-11-08 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Pseudorandom number generation and cryptographic authentication |
CA2125337A1 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-12-31 | Marlin Jay Eller | Method and system for searching compressed data |
US5418713A (en) | 1993-08-05 | 1995-05-23 | Allen; Richard | Apparatus and method for an on demand data delivery system for the preview, selection, retrieval and reproduction at a remote location of previously recorded or programmed materials |
US5657461A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1997-08-12 | Xerox Corporation | User interface for defining and automatically transmitting data according to preferred communication channels |
US5513126A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1996-04-30 | Xerox Corporation | Network having selectively accessible recipient prioritized communication channel profiles |
US5478990A (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1995-12-26 | Coleman Environmental Systems, Inc. | Method for tracking the production history of food products |
JP3372611B2 (en) | 1993-10-18 | 2003-02-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | Video transmission system, video processing device, and video processing method |
JPH07212712A (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-08-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method and equipment for adding and deleting digital watermark in hierarchical picture memory and fetch system |
US5625690A (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1997-04-29 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Software pay per use system |
ATE237197T1 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2003-04-15 | Digimarc Corp | IDENTIFICATION/CREDITION CODING METHOD AND APPARATUS |
US6983051B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2006-01-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for audio watermarking and decoding |
US5636292C1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2002-06-18 | Digimarc Corp | Steganography methods employing embedded calibration data |
US5748763A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1998-05-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Image steganography system featuring perceptually adaptive and globally scalable signal embedding |
US5832119C1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2002-03-05 | Digimarc Corp | Methods for controlling systems using control signals embedded in empirical data |
US5748783A (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1998-05-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for robust information coding |
US20020009208A1 (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 2002-01-24 | Adnan Alattar | Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks |
US7171016B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2007-01-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Method for monitoring internet dissemination of image, video and/or audio files |
US5862260A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1999-01-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data |
US6611607B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2003-08-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content |
US5454039A (en) | 1993-12-06 | 1995-09-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Software-efficient pseudorandom function and the use thereof for encryption |
US5394324A (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1995-02-28 | Xerox Corporation | Auction-based control system for energy resource management in a building |
US5513261A (en) | 1993-12-29 | 1996-04-30 | At&T Corp. | Key management scheme for use with electronic cards |
US5398285A (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-03-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for generating a password using public key cryptography |
US5973731A (en) | 1994-03-03 | 1999-10-26 | Schwab; Barry H. | Secure identification system |
US6116714A (en) | 1994-03-04 | 2000-09-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Printing head, printing method and apparatus using same, and apparatus and method for correcting said printing head |
US5450490A (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-09-12 | The Arbitron Company | Apparatus and methods for including codes in audio signals and decoding |
US5974141A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1999-10-26 | Mitsubishi Corporation | Data management system |
DE4413451A1 (en) | 1994-04-18 | 1995-12-14 | Rolf Brugger | Device for the distribution of music information in digital form |
US5497419A (en) | 1994-04-19 | 1996-03-05 | Prima Facie, Inc. | Method and apparatus for recording sensor data |
US5598470A (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1997-01-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for enabling trial period use of software products: Method and apparatus for utilizing a decryption block |
CA2143874C (en) | 1994-04-25 | 2000-06-20 | Thomas Edward Cooper | Method and apparatus for enabling trial period use of software products: method and apparatus for utilizing a decryption stub |
US5568556A (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1996-10-22 | Graph-It, Inc. | System and method for encrypting sensitive information |
US5493677A (en) | 1994-06-08 | 1996-02-20 | Systems Research & Applications Corporation | Generation, archiving, and retrieval of digital images with evoked suggestion-set captions and natural language interface |
EP0689321A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-12-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for high availablility of network-wide bandwidth allocation |
JPH088853A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-12 | Sony Corp | Scrambling device and descrambling device |
US5530751A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-06-25 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Embedded hidden identification codes in digital objects |
US6041316A (en) | 1994-07-25 | 2000-03-21 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and system for ensuring royalty payments for data delivered over a network |
US5660462A (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1997-08-26 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | High efficiency vehicle headlights and reflector lamps |
US5606609A (en) | 1994-09-19 | 1997-02-25 | Scientific-Atlanta | Electronic document verification system and method |
US5568570A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1996-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image storage and retrieval system |
US6363483B1 (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 2002-03-26 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Methods and systems for performing article authentication |
JP3705447B2 (en) | 1994-11-17 | 2005-10-12 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | Image processing method and image processing apparatus |
US5629980A (en) | 1994-11-23 | 1997-05-13 | Xerox Corporation | System for controlling the distribution and use of digital works |
US5646997A (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1997-07-08 | Barton; James M. | Method and apparatus for embedding authentication information within digital data |
KR0135815B1 (en) | 1994-12-19 | 1998-06-15 | 김광호 | Data communicating method and device |
US5745569A (en) | 1996-01-17 | 1998-04-28 | The Dice Company | Method for stega-cipher protection of computer code |
US7007166B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 | 2006-02-28 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Method and system for digital watermarking |
US7362775B1 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2008-04-22 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Exchange mechanisms for digital information packages with bandwidth securitization, multichannel digital watermarks, and key management |
US5530759A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-06-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Color correct digital watermarking of images |
US5943422A (en) | 1996-08-12 | 1999-08-24 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels |
US5659726A (en) | 1995-02-23 | 1997-08-19 | Sandford, Ii; Maxwell T. | Data embedding |
US5774452A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1998-06-30 | Aris Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding information in audio signals |
US5583488A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-12-10 | Sala; Nicola R. | Proximity alarm system |
US5640569A (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1997-06-17 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Diverse goods arbitration system and method for allocating resources in a distributed computer system |
US6590996B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2003-07-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Color adaptive watermarking |
US5613004A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-03-18 | The Dice Company | Steganographic method and device |
US5790677A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1998-08-04 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for secure electronic commerce transactions |
CA2179973C (en) | 1995-06-30 | 2002-03-05 | Takayuki Nagashima | Image transmission apparatus, image transmission system, and communication apparatus |
US7289643B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2007-10-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Method, apparatus and programs for generating and utilizing content signatures |
US7562392B1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2009-07-14 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods of interacting with audio and ambient music |
US5680462A (en) | 1995-08-07 | 1997-10-21 | Sandia Corporation | Information encoder/decoder using chaotic systems |
US5751811A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1998-05-12 | Magnotti; Joseph C. | 32N +D bit key encryption-decryption system using chaos |
US5757923A (en) | 1995-09-22 | 1998-05-26 | Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. | Method of generating secret identification numbers |
US5696828A (en) | 1995-09-22 | 1997-12-09 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Random number generating system and process based on chaos |
JP3545110B2 (en) | 1995-09-26 | 2004-07-21 | 富士通株式会社 | Communication service quality control method |
DE69636084T2 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 2006-09-14 | Nec Corp. | Method and apparatus for inserting a spread spectrum watermark into multimedia data |
US5765152A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1998-06-09 | Trustees Of Dartmouth College | System and method for managing copyrighted electronic media |
US5859920A (en) | 1995-11-30 | 1999-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for embedding digital information in an image |
US5719937A (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1998-02-17 | Solana Technology Develpment Corporation | Multi-media copy management system |
CN1123221C (en) | 1995-12-11 | 2003-10-01 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | marking a video and/or audio signal |
US5633932A (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1997-05-27 | Intel Corporation | Apparatus and method for preventing disclosure through user-authentication at a printing node |
US6067622A (en) | 1996-01-02 | 2000-05-23 | Moore; Steven Jerome | Software security system using remove function to restrict unauthorized duplicating and installation of an application program |
US5905975A (en) | 1996-01-04 | 1999-05-18 | Ausubel; Lawrence M. | Computer implemented methods and apparatus for auctions |
US6205249B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2001-03-20 | Scott A. Moskowitz | Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking |
US5822432A (en) | 1996-01-17 | 1998-10-13 | The Dice Company | Method for human-assisted random key generation and application for digital watermark system |
US7664263B2 (en) | 1998-03-24 | 2010-02-16 | Moskowitz Scott A | Method for combining transfer functions with predetermined key creation |
US5727733A (en) * | 1996-01-19 | 1998-03-17 | Gideon Ruttenberg | Pulsating devices |
US5689587A (en) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-11-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for data hiding in images |
US5664018A (en) | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-02 | Leighton; Frank Thomson | Watermarking process resilient to collusion attacks |
US5923763A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1999-07-13 | Walker Asset Management Limited Partnership | Method and apparatus for secure document timestamping |
US5673316A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-09-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Creation and distribution of cryptographic envelope |
PT891669E (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2001-01-31 | Macrovision Corp | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING COPY PROTECTION ON DIGITAL VIDEO NETWORKS |
US5828325A (en) | 1996-04-03 | 1998-10-27 | Aris Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding information in analog signals |
US5884033A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1999-03-16 | Spyglass, Inc. | Internet filtering system for filtering data transferred over the internet utilizing immediate and deferred filtering actions |
US5893067A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1999-04-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for echo data hiding in audio signals |
JPH09321894A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-12 | Sony Corp | Information processor |
GB2313974B (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2000-06-28 | Berners Lee Charles Peter | Apparatus and method for encoding data |
US6049838A (en) | 1996-07-01 | 2000-04-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Persistent distributed capabilities |
US7177429B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2007-02-13 | Blue Spike, Inc. | System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects |
US5889868A (en) | 1996-07-02 | 1999-03-30 | The Dice Company | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data |
US7107451B2 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 2006-09-12 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data |
US7457962B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2008-11-25 | Wistaria Trading, Inc | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data |
US7095874B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2006-08-22 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data |
US7913087B2 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 2011-03-22 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digital data |
US7159116B2 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2007-01-02 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions |
US7123718B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2006-10-17 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Utilizing data reduction in stegnographic and cryptographic systems |
US6078664A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2000-06-20 | Moskowitz; Scott A. | Z-transform implementation of digital watermarks |
US7346472B1 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2008-03-18 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals |
US5918223A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1999-06-29 | Muscle Fish | Method and article of manufacture for content-based analysis, storage, retrieval, and segmentation of audio information |
WO1998005144A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Hybrid Networks, Inc. | High-speed internet access system |
CN1172474C (en) | 1996-08-19 | 2004-10-20 | Ntru密码系统公司 | Public key cryptosystem method and apparatus |
US5799083A (en) | 1996-08-26 | 1998-08-25 | Brothers; Harlan Jay | Event verification system |
US6272634B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2001-08-07 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Digital watermarking to resolve multiple claims of ownership |
US6061793A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2000-05-09 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, in human perceptible sounds |
US6978370B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2005-12-20 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Method and system for copy-prevention of digital copyright works |
US5848155A (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1998-12-08 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Spread spectrum watermark for embedded signalling |
US6069914A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 2000-05-30 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Watermarking of image data using MPEG/JPEG coefficients |
US5809139A (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1998-09-15 | Vivo Software, Inc. | Watermarking method and apparatus for compressed digital video |
US5734752A (en) | 1996-09-24 | 1998-03-31 | Xerox Corporation | Digital watermarking using stochastic screen patterns |
US6088455A (en) * | 1997-01-07 | 2000-07-11 | Logan; James D. | Methods and apparatus for selectively reproducing segments of broadcast programming |
US5915027A (en) | 1996-11-05 | 1999-06-22 | Nec Research Institute | Digital watermarking |
US5750852A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1998-05-12 | J.C.Robinson Seed Company | Inbred corn line NR 109 |
US7730317B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2010-06-01 | Wistaria Trading, Inc. | Linear predictive coding implementation of digital watermarks |
US5920900A (en) | 1996-12-30 | 1999-07-06 | Cabletron Systems, Inc. | Hash-based translation method and apparatus with multiple level collision resolution |
US5842213A (en) | 1997-01-28 | 1998-11-24 | Odom; Paul S. | Method for modeling, storing, and transferring data in neutral form |
US6009176A (en) | 1997-02-13 | 1999-12-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | How to sign digital streams |
US6233684B1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2001-05-15 | Contenaguard Holdings, Inc. | System for controlling the distribution and use of rendered digital works through watermaking |
US5978787A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1999-11-02 | Oracle Corporation | Report server caching |
US5903721A (en) | 1997-03-13 | 1999-05-11 | cha|Technologies Services, Inc. | Method and system for secure online transaction processing |
NL1005523C2 (en) | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-15 | Univ Eindhoven Tech | Point-to-multipoint analogue or digital signal distribution |
DE19710967C1 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-10-22 | Karl Heinz Koeppen | Full range speakers |
US6341353B1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2002-01-22 | The Brodia Group | Smart electronic receipt system |
US6192138B1 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-02-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Apparatus and method for embedding/unembedding supplemental information |
US6427012B1 (en) | 1997-05-19 | 2002-07-30 | Verance Corporation | Apparatus and method for embedding and extracting information in analog signals using replica modulation |
US6131162A (en) | 1997-06-05 | 2000-10-10 | Hitachi Ltd. | Digital data authentication method |
EP0988591A1 (en) | 1997-06-09 | 2000-03-29 | Intertrust, Incorporated | Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security |
US6449640B1 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 2002-09-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Web server with unique identification of linked objects |
JPH1132200A (en) | 1997-07-09 | 1999-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Watermark data insertion method and watermark data detection method |
US6577472B2 (en) | 1997-07-24 | 2003-06-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Glass substrate for a magnetic disk, a magnetic disk which can be formed with a stable texture |
KR100323441B1 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2002-06-20 | 윤종용 | Mpeg2 motion picture coding/decoding system |
EP0898396B1 (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2006-11-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic watermark system, electronic information distribution system, and image filing apparatus |
US6230268B1 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 2001-05-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data control system |
US6611599B2 (en) | 1997-09-29 | 2003-08-26 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Watermarking of digital object |
PT1020077E (en) * | 1997-10-08 | 2002-12-31 | Digimarc Corp | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR A UNIQUE COPY WATER BRAND FOR A VIDEO GRAVACATION |
US5949055A (en) | 1997-10-23 | 1999-09-07 | Xerox Corporation | Automatic geometric image transformations using embedded signals |
US6051029A (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2000-04-18 | Entelos, Inc. | Method of generating a display for a dynamic simulation model utilizing node and link representations |
JP3092567B2 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2000-09-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | Method and apparatus for generating encryption key |
JPH11232779A (en) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-08-27 | Toshiba Corp | Copy preventing device |
US6141754A (en) | 1997-11-28 | 2000-10-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Integrated method and system for controlling information access and distribution |
US6330672B1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2001-12-11 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for watermarking digital bitstreams |
US6674858B1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2004-01-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Receiving device, recording and reproducing device and receiving/recording-reproducing system for digital broadcast signal |
JP3407287B2 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2003-05-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | Encoding / decoding system |
US6208745B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-03-27 | Sarnoff Corporation | Method and apparatus for imbedding a watermark into a bitstream representation of a digital image sequence |
US6373960B1 (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2002-04-16 | Pixel Tools Corporation | Embedding watermarks into compressed video data |
US6385596B1 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 2002-05-07 | Liquid Audio, Inc. | Secure online music distribution system |
US6141753A (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2000-10-31 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft | Secure distribution of digital representations |
US6351765B1 (en) | 1998-03-09 | 2002-02-26 | Media 100, Inc. | Nonlinear video editing system |
US6557103B1 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 2003-04-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Spread spectrum image steganography |
US6754822B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2004-06-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forshung E.V. | Active watermarks and watermark agents |
US6278791B1 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 2001-08-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Lossless recovery of an original image containing embedded data |
US6148333A (en) | 1998-05-13 | 2000-11-14 | Mgi Software Corporation | Method and system for server access control and tracking |
US6977894B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2005-12-20 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for discarding data packets through the use of descriptors |
US6647424B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2003-11-11 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for discarding data packets |
US6233347B1 (en) | 1998-05-21 | 2001-05-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | System method, and product for information embedding using an ensemble of non-intersecting embedding generators |
US6029126A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2000-02-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Scalable audio coder and decoder |
US7644282B2 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2010-01-05 | Verance Corporation | Pre-processed information embedding system |
JP3156667B2 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 2001-04-16 | 日本電気株式会社 | Digital watermark insertion system, digital watermark characteristic table creation device |
US20040117628A1 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2004-06-17 | Z4 Technologies, Inc. | Computer readable storage medium for enhancing license compliance of software/digital content including self-activating/self-authenticating software/digital content |
US6986063B2 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2006-01-10 | Z4 Technologies, Inc. | Method for monitoring software using encryption including digital signatures/certificates |
US6044471A (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-03-28 | Z4 Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for securing software to reduce unauthorized use |
US6799277B2 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2004-09-28 | Z4 Technologies, Inc. | System and method for monitoring software |
US20040117664A1 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2004-06-17 | Z4 Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for establishing a connectivity platform for digital rights management |
US20040225894A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 | 2004-11-11 | Z4 Technologies, Inc. | Hardware based method for digital rights management including self activating/self authentication software |
US6523113B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2003-02-18 | Apple Computer, Inc. | Method and apparatus for copy protection |
US6154571A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-11-28 | Nec Research Institute, Inc. | Robust digital watermarking |
US6530021B1 (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2003-03-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and system for preventing unauthorized playback of broadcasted digital data streams |
US6226618B1 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2001-05-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electronic content delivery system |
US6266705B1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2001-07-24 | Cisco Systems, Inc. | Look up mechanism and associated hash table for a network switch |
US6285775B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-09-04 | The Trustees Of The University Of Princeton | Watermarking scheme for image authentication |
US6345100B1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2002-02-05 | Liquid Audio, Inc. | Robust watermark method and apparatus for digital signals |
JP4763866B2 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2011-08-31 | インターシア ソフトウェア エルエルシー | Method and apparatus for protecting digital data by double re-encryption |
AU760436B2 (en) | 1998-10-16 | 2003-05-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Production protection system dealing with contents that are digital production |
US6698249B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2004-03-02 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Porous glass base material production device and method |
US20050160271A9 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 2005-07-21 | Brundage Trent J. | Identification document and related methods |
SE513356C2 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-08-28 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Method and apparatus for encrypting images |
US5991426A (en) | 1998-12-18 | 1999-11-23 | Signafy, Inc. | Field-based watermark insertion and detection |
US6539475B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2003-03-25 | Nec Corporation | Method and system for protecting digital data from unauthorized copying |
US7162642B2 (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2007-01-09 | Digital Video Express, L.P. | Digital content distribution system and method |
US6442283B1 (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2002-08-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Multimedia data embedding |
US6282650B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2001-08-28 | Intel Corporation | Secure public digital watermark |
US6957330B1 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2005-10-18 | Storage Technology Corporation | Method and system for secure information handling |
US6668246B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2003-12-23 | Intel Corporation | Multimedia data delivery and playback system with multi-level content and privacy protection |
US7664264B2 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2010-02-16 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems |
US6865747B1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2005-03-08 | Digital Video Express, L.P. | High definition media storage structure and playback mechanism |
US6823455B1 (en) | 1999-04-08 | 2004-11-23 | Intel Corporation | Method for robust watermarking of content |
US6405203B1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2002-06-11 | Research Investment Network, Inc. | Method and program product for preventing unauthorized users from using the content of an electronic storage medium |
US6665489B2 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2003-12-16 | Research Investment Network, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacturing for authorizing the use of electronic content utilizing a laser-centric medium and a network server |
US6966002B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2005-11-15 | Trymedia Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for secure distribution of software |
US6522769B1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2003-02-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Reconfiguring a watermark detector |
US6834343B1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2004-12-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Method for watermarking computer programs |
US6463468B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2002-10-08 | Netzero, Inc. | Targeted network video download interface |
KR100334722B1 (en) | 1999-06-05 | 2002-05-04 | 강호석 | Method and the apparatus for generating stereoscopic image using MPEG data |
US6785815B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2004-08-31 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Methods and systems for encoding and protecting data using digital signature and watermarking techniques |
US6594761B1 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2003-07-15 | Cloakware Corporation | Tamper resistant software encoding |
US6381618B1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2002-04-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for autosynchronizing distributed versions of documents |
US7020285B1 (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2006-03-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Stealthy audio watermarking |
WO2001018628A2 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2001-03-15 | Blue Spike, Inc. | A secure personal content server |
US6775772B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2004-08-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Piggy-backed key exchange protocol for providing secure low-overhead browser connections from a client to a server using a trusted third party |
US6606393B1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2003-08-12 | Verizon Laboratories Inc. | Message authentication code using image histograms |
US6725372B1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2004-04-20 | Verizon Laboratories Inc. | Digital watermarking |
US6282300B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-28 | Signafy, Inc. | Rotation, scale, and translation resilient public watermarking for images using a log-polar fourier transform |
US7058570B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2006-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Computer-implemented method and apparatus for audio data hiding |
US6385329B1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2002-05-07 | Digimarc Corporation | Wavelet domain watermarks |
US6834308B1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2004-12-21 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for identifying media content presented on a media playing device |
US6829710B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2004-12-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Technique for producing, through watermarking, highly tamper-resistant executable code and resulting “watermarked” code so formed |
US7046808B1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2006-05-16 | Verance Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting processing stages applied to a signal |
US6453252B1 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2002-09-17 | Creative Technology Ltd. | Process for identifying audio content |
WO2002003385A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-10 | Moskowitz Scott A | Copy protection of digital data combining steganographic and cryptographic techniques |
ATE293316T1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2005-04-15 | Activated Content Corp Inc | STEGOTEXT ENCODER AND DECODER |
US6990453B2 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2006-01-24 | Landmark Digital Services Llc | System and methods for recognizing sound and music signals in high noise and distortion |
US20020026343A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2002-02-28 | Dennis Duenke | Material and labor cost estimatting method and system |
US6430301B1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-08-06 | Verance Corporation | Formation and analysis of signals with common and transaction watermarks |
US20040243540A1 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2004-12-02 | Moskowitz Scott A. | Method and device for monitoring and analyzing signals |
US7127615B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2006-10-24 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Security based on subliminal and supraliminal channels for data objects |
US7562012B1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2009-07-14 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for creating a unique audio signature |
US7050396B1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2006-05-23 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automatically establishing bi-directional differentiated services treatment of flows in a network |
US20040059918A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2004-03-25 | Changsheng Xu | Method and system of digital watermarking for compressed audio |
US6532284B2 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2003-03-11 | Morgan Guaranty Trust Company | Method and system for optimizing bandwidth cost via caching and other network transmission delaying techniques |
US7359889B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2008-04-15 | Landmark Digital Services Llc | Method and apparatus for automatically creating database for use in automated media recognition system |
US7363278B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2008-04-22 | Audible Magic Corporation | Copyright detection and protection system and method |
US6973574B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-12-06 | Microsoft Corp. | Recognizer of audio-content in digital signals |
US7043050B2 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2006-05-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Software anti-piracy systems and methods utilizing certificates with digital content |
US8006262B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2011-08-23 | Rodriguez Arturo A | Graphic user interfaces for purchasable and recordable media (PRM) downloads |
DE10133333C1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-12-05 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Producing fingerprint of audio signal involves setting first predefined fingerprint mode from number of modes and computing a fingerprint in accordance with set predefined mode |
US6968337B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2005-11-22 | Audible Magic Corporation | Method and apparatus for identifying an unknown work |
US7177430B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2007-02-13 | Portalplayer, Inc. | Digital entroping for digital audio reproductions |
US7233669B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2007-06-19 | Sony Corporation | Selective encryption to enable multiple decryption keys |
US7287275B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2007-10-23 | Moskowitz Scott A | Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth |
US7103184B2 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2006-09-05 | Intel Corporation | System and method for sign mask encryption and decryption |
WO2004008700A2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-22 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Real-time packet traceback and associated packet marking strategies |
WO2004008457A2 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Copy control using digital speed bumps |
US8090951B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2012-01-03 | Google Inc. | Systems and methods for transparent configuration authentication of networked devices |
KR100426317B1 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2004-04-06 | 한국전자통신연구원 | System for providing a real-time attacking connection traceback using of packet watermark insertion technique and method therefor |
CN1685703A (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2005-10-19 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Fingerprint extraction |
EP1561176A2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2005-08-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Improved audio data fingerprint searching |
US7150003B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2006-12-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Class coalescence for obfuscation of object-oriented software |
US6983337B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-01-03 | Intel Corporation | Method, system, and program for handling device interrupts |
US6784354B1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2004-08-31 | Microsoft Corporation | Generating a music snippet |
US7206649B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2007-04-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Audio watermarking with dual watermarks |
US8694802B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2014-04-08 | Apple Inc. | System and method for creating tamper-resistant code |
DE102004023436B4 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2006-06-14 | M2Any Gmbh | Apparatus and method for analyzing an information signal |
US8140848B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2012-03-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermark key generation |
US7743001B1 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2010-06-22 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for dynamic pricing of web services utilization |
US20070083467A1 (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-04-12 | Apple Computer, Inc. | Partial encryption techniques for media data |
US8009861B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2011-08-30 | Vobile, Inc. | Method and system for fingerprinting digital video object based on multiresolution, multirate spatial and temporal signatures |
EP2165645B1 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2013-09-11 | Shinko Seiki Company, Limited | Ophthalmic inspection device |
-
1995
- 1995-06-07 US US08/489,172 patent/US5613004A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-06-07 WO PCT/US1996/010257 patent/WO1996042151A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-07 DE DE69637340T patent/DE69637340T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-07 EP EP96919405A patent/EP0872073B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-07 EP EP07112420.0A patent/EP1843507B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-07 AT AT96919405T patent/ATE379894T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-31 US US08/775,216 patent/US5687236A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-07-23 US US08/999,766 patent/US7568100B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-07 US US11/050,779 patent/US7761712B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-08-21 US US11/894,476 patent/US8046841B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-21 US US11/894,443 patent/US7870393B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-30 US US12/383,916 patent/US8238553B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-06-08 US US12/802,519 patent/US8467525B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-10-27 US US12/913,751 patent/US8549305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-03-14 US US13/803,889 patent/US20130195265A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4908873A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1990-03-13 | Philibert Alex C | Document reproduction security system |
US4979210A (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1990-12-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for protection of signal copy |
US5073925A (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1991-12-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for the protection of signal copy |
US5287407A (en) * | 1990-05-31 | 1994-02-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Computer software protection |
US5365586A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-11-15 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting magnetic media |
US5408505A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1995-04-18 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for process control, tension control, and testing of magnetic media |
US5412718A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-05-02 | Institute Of Systems Science | Method for utilizing medium nonuniformities to minimize unauthorized duplication of digital information |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0872073A2 * |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6754377B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2004-06-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems for marking printed documents |
US9104842B2 (en) | 1996-01-17 | 2015-08-11 | Scott A. Moskowitz | Data protection method and device |
US9843445B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2017-12-12 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects |
US9830600B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2017-11-28 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions |
US9070151B2 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 2015-06-30 | Blue Spike, Inc. | Systems, methods and devices for trusted transactions |
US6738906B1 (en) | 1996-09-30 | 2004-05-18 | Nokia Corporation | Marking of electronic documents in order to expose unauthorized publication |
WO2000011834A1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-02 | Schlumberger Industries, S.A. | Graphic digital signatures |
WO2000025203A1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-04 | Datamark Technologies Pte Ltd. | Methods of digital steganography for multimedia data |
US7167825B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2007-01-23 | Thomas Potter | Device and method for hiding information and device and method for extracting information |
GB2349536B (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2003-03-12 | Ibm | Motion picture electronic watermark system |
US6971012B1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2005-11-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Motion picture electronic watermark system |
GB2349536A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-11-01 | Ibm | Electronic watermark system |
US10461930B2 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2019-10-29 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems |
US9710669B2 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2017-07-18 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Secure personal content server |
US9934408B2 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2018-04-03 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Secure personal content server |
EP1222769A1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2002-07-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Active data hiding for secure electronic media distribution |
EP1222769A4 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2005-03-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Active data hiding for secure electronic media distribution |
US10644884B2 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2020-05-05 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects |
US10110379B2 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2018-10-23 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | System and methods for permitting open access to data objects and for securing data within the data objects |
GB2365285A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-13 | Cambridge Consultants | Decoding watermarked data using keys and FFT |
GB2365296A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-13 | Cambridge Consultants | Encoder/decoder for watermarking a covertext signal |
US7916862B2 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2011-03-29 | Activated Content Corporation | Stegotext encoder and decoder |
US7917766B2 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2011-03-29 | Activated Content Corporation | Stegotext encoder and decoder |
US9639717B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2017-05-02 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth |
US10735437B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2020-08-04 | Wistaria Trading Ltd | Methods, systems and devices for packet watermarking and efficient provisioning of bandwidth |
US8494903B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2013-07-23 | Activated Content Corporation | Universal advertising model utilizing digital linkage technology “U AD” |
US11562753B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2023-01-24 | The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc | Systems and methods to improve timestamp transition resolution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69637340D1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
US5687236A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
US20070294536A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
US8238553B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
US7761712B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
EP1843507B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
EP1843507B8 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
US5613004A (en) | 1997-03-18 |
US8467525B2 (en) | 2013-06-18 |
US8549305B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
EP0872073B1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
US20050177727A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
DE69637340T2 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
US7870393B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
EP0872073A2 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
US20100313033A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
EP0872073A4 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
US20080075277A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
EP1843507A3 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
US8046841B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
EP1843507A2 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
ATE379894T1 (en) | 2007-12-15 |
WO1996042151A3 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
US7568100B1 (en) | 2009-07-28 |
US20130195265A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
US20090220074A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
US20110069864A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7568100B1 (en) | Steganographic method and device | |
US10461930B2 (en) | Utilizing data reduction in steganographic and cryptographic systems | |
US9171136B2 (en) | Data protection method and device | |
US6598162B1 (en) | Method for combining transfer functions with predetermined key creation | |
AU781797B2 (en) | Stream continuity enforcement | |
WO2002003385A1 (en) | Copy protection of digital data combining steganographic and cryptographic techniques |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): CA CN FI JP KR SG |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996919405 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996919405 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1996919405 Country of ref document: EP |