WO1997003106A1 - Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications - Google Patents
Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997003106A1 WO1997003106A1 PCT/US1996/011261 US9611261W WO9703106A1 WO 1997003106 A1 WO1997003106 A1 WO 1997003106A1 US 9611261 W US9611261 W US 9611261W WO 9703106 A1 WO9703106 A1 WO 9703106A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- peg
- poly
- ppm
- group
- thiol
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 title claims description 149
- -1 Poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 title claims description 43
- 150000004672 propanoic acids Chemical group 0.000 title description 3
- 150000004652 butanoic acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical group CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006242 amine protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001584 poly(acrylomorpholines) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Chemical group CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidenecarbene Chemical compound C=[C] SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001583 poly(oxyethylated polyols) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- DJQVPXPEXAWGRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrotriazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-7-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=C2NNN=C12 DJQVPXPEXAWGRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CAHMGWYMQPWRSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)N1C(=O)CCC1=O CAHMGWYMQPWRSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JMTMSDXUXJISAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-benzotriazol-4-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 JMTMSDXUXJISAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-NQAPHZHOSA-N Sorbitol Polymers OCC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-NQAPHZHOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HAXFWIACAGNFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aldrithiol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1SSC1=CC=CC=N1 HAXFWIACAGNFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002303 glucose derivatives Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002304 glucoses Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Polymers C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 73
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 34
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 12
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 9
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241001415846 Procellariidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CJQWLNNCQIHKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCS CJQWLNNCQIHKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZJIFDEVVTPEXDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O ZJIFDEVVTPEXDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLKDGVPOSSLUAI-PGUFJCEWSA-N 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OCCN)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SLKDGVPOSSLUAI-PGUFJCEWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVNGJLRDBYCPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[NH3+])OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LVNGJLRDBYCPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002271 DEAE-Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl malonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000008946 Fibrinogen Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SIHHLZPXQLFPMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC.ClC(Cl)Cl SIHHLZPXQLFPMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfoxide Natural products CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
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- ZFKJVJIDPQDDFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescamine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)OC1(C1=O)OC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFKJVJIDPQDDFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ZQQYKEAYMIDISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yldisulfanyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1C(C(=O)O)CSSC1=CC=CC=N1 ZQQYKEAYMIDISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPZDIFSPRVHGIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminopropylsilicon Chemical compound NCCC[Si] ZPZDIFSPRVHGIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZGLTYKKZKGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O QXZGLTYKKZKGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XZKIHKMTEMTJQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCOCFIOYWNCGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCC(O)=O PCOCFIOYWNCGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002562 Polyethylene Glycol 3350 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000787 Subtilisin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007098 aminolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSNFGVQUPMRCIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butanedioate Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O ZSNFGVQUPMRCIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004648 butanoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012412 chemical coupling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmalonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000035118 modified proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005573 modified proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005599 propionic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) and related hydrophilic polymers, to methods for their synthesis, and to surfaces and molecules modified by these polymers for biotechnical use.
- PEG poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEO poly(ethylene oxide)
- alpha-, omega-dihydroxy1 poly(ethylene glycol) can be represented in brief form as HO-PEG-OH where it is understood that the -PEG- sy bol represents the following structural unit:
- PEG is soluble in organic solvents.
- PEG attached to enzymes can result in PEG-enzyme conjugates that are soluble and active in organic solvents. Attachment of PEG to protein can reduce the immunogenicity and rate of kidney clearance of the PEG-protein conjugate as compared to the unmodified protein, which may result in dramatically increased blood circulation lifetimes for the conjugate.
- PEG attached to surfaces can reduce protein and cell adsorption to the surface and alter the electrical properties of the surface.
- PEG attached to liposomes can result in a great increase in the blood circulation lifetime of these particles and thereby possibly increase their utility for drug delivery.
- Harris J.M. Harris, Ed., "Biomedical and Biotechnical Applications of Polyethylene Glycol Chemistry, " Plenum, New York, 1992) .
- Chemically active or "activated" derivatives of the PEG polymer are prepared to attach the PEG to molecules and surfaces.
- a number of such derivatives have been prepared, some of which are of somewhat general utility, some of which are directed to solving specific problems associated with particular applications, and some of which have not proved useful or have problems that limit their usefulness.
- active esters of alpha-, omega-dicarboxylic acids of PEG have been prepared, typically for attachment of PEG to amino groups .
- an active ester is poly(ethylene glycol) di - succinimidyl succinate (symbolized in shorthand as "SS- PEG-SS”) : H0 2 C-CH 2 CH 2 - C0 2 -PEG-0 2 C- CH 2 CH 2 - C0 2 -H + 2NHS -OH ⁇ ⁇ NHS-0 2 C-CH 2 CH 2 - C0 2 - PEG-0 2 C- CH 2 CH 2 - C0 2 -NHS
- N-hydroxy succinimide from which the succinimidyl active ester moiety is derived.
- N-hydroxylsuccinimide active ester moiety will be represented as -C0 2 -NHS.
- the SS-PEG-SS active ester reacts rapidly with amino groups on proteins and other molecules to form a stable amide linkage (-C0-NH-) .
- a problem with the active ester is that SS-PEG-SS possesses ester linkages in the backbone that remain intact after coupling to an amine such as a protein (represented as PRO-NH 2 ) :
- the intact ester linkage that remains after the protein and PEG conjugate is formed is subject to hydrolysis.
- the PEG detaches from the modified protein in aqueous solution.
- the rate at which hydrolysis occurs can vary with the environment .
- U.S. Patent No. 4,670,417 discloses hemoglobin modified with various dicarboxylic acid PEGs in which the ester linkage that would otherwise remain in the conjugate is replaced with an ether linkage.
- the hemoglobin is modified in the presence of amino acids or amines that are said to also react with the dicarboxylic acid PEG to prevent excessive carboxyl groups from reacting with the hemoglobin, to avoid crosslinking and gelation of the reaction mixture, and to avoid the time, expense, and use of large reaction vessels that would otherwise be required.
- special precautions are necessary to prevent cross linking with this difunctional material.
- PEGs that are activated at each terminus with the same reactive moiety have been referred to in the art as being "homobifunctional" to indicate that the active moieties at the polymer ends are normally the same.
- PEG derivatives in which different functional groups are present at the two terminae of the polymer chain. These derivatives are sometimes referred to as heterobifunctional or heterofunctional .
- PEG derivatives active on one end and capped on the opposite end by a relatively nonreactive methoxy group have been prepared. These mPEGs are typically considered to be monofunctional, so that only one end of the PEG is active for conjugation to other substances. For example, one PEG is frequently used in a form in which there is a relatively nonreactive methoxy group at one terminus and the reactive succinimidyl succinate group at the other terminus :
- the invention is based upon the recognition that many of the activated carboxylic acid PEGs have poor reactivity and are either too slow or too fast to be generally useful for conjugation.
- the NHS ester of carboxymethylated PEG is so reactive that it hydrolyzes almost immediately upon solution in water. This high reactivity is a serious deficiency of PEG derivatives based on carboxymethylated PEG.
- the invention provides heterofunctional and monofunctional PEGs and related polymers having a single carboxylic acid moiety of suitable reactivity, which can be activated.
- the active esters of these polymer acids have a single active ester and no other ester linkages.
- the active esters have a half life in water of from about 10 to 25 minutes.
- These esters include either a propionic or butanoic acid moiety and a polymer such as PEG or a related polymer.
- These related polymers include poly(alkylene oxides) , poly(oxyethylated polyols), poly(olefinic alcohols) , and poly(acrylomorpholine) .
- conjugates of these activated polymers with biologically active substances such as polypeptides, proteins, enzymes, phospholipids, lipids, liposomes, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, drugs, dyes, and the surfaces of solid materials that are compatible with living organisms, tissue, or fluids, which are sometimes referred to as biomaterials. Further provided are methods for preparation of these activated polymers and conjugates.
- one terminus of PEG is the activated propionic acid or butanoic acid moiety and the other terminus can be capped with a relatively nonreactive methoxy group, for example, or can be activated with any other functional group, which may be protected or unprotected.
- the succinimidyl ester of heterofunctional PEG propionic acid can be represented as follows :
- X- can include any activating group other than a carboxylic acid or activated carboxylic acid or can be a relatively nonreactive group such as methoxy, CH 3 0- .
- "X-" can include the thiol-selective vinyl sulfone and other sulfone moieties as shown in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,446,090, which issued on August 29, 1995, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the utility of the heterofunctional and monofunctional propionic and butanoic acid PEGs is believed to come from four sources.
- succinimidyl ester of PEG propionic acid has ideal reactivity for attachment to amines, such as proteins, in aqueous solution.
- the succinimidyl ester of PEG butanoic acid is less reactive than the propionic acid, but is still of utility.
- the reactions at the terminae of the heterofunctional and monofunctional PEG molecules can be controlled to limit cross linking generally more easily than typically is true of homobifunctional derivatives.
- the hydrolytic stability of the ether linkages in the backbone of PEG propionic acid results in stable conjugates after chemical coupling to another molecule or surface.
- the hydrolytic stability of the ether linkage in the intermediate heterofunctional and monofunctional propionic acid PEGs permits ready purification of the intermediate by ion exchange chromatography in aqueous medium.
- the structure of the active esters of poly(ethylene glycol) of the invention can be represented as follows :
- the moiety (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n represents PEG wherein n is from about 20 to 4000. More typically, n is from 20 to
- Z is selected from hydrolytically stable groups including -O- , -S-, -NHCO-, -CONH-,
- m is from 2 to 3 for propionic and butanoic acid derivatives, respectively.
- Q is selected from the group including hydrogen, tert- butyl, N-succinimide, N-sulfosuccinimide, N-phthalimide, N-glutarimide, N-tetrahydrophthalimide, N-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboximide, hydroxybenzotriazole, and hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole.
- the invention provides active esters that have suitable reactivity for modification of other molecules and surfaces. Use of these
- Example 1 Synthesis of CH 3 0- (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 C0 2 -NHS
- Example 2 Synthesis of CH 3 0- (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 -S- CH 2 CH 2 C0 2 -NHS
- Example 3 Synthesis of CH 3 0- (CH,CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C0 2 -NHS
- Example 4 - Rates of hydrolysis of PEG-NHS active esters
- Example 5 Synthesis of HO- (CH-,CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 -S-CH 2 CH 2 -C0 2 H
- Example 6 Synthesis of HO- (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 -S-CH 2 CH 2
- Example 14 Synthesis of (CH 3 ) -C-O-CONH- (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 C00H
- Example 15 - ⁇ -methoxy- ⁇ -dipalmitoylphos- phatidylethanolamide of propionic acid of PEG (a"PEG-phospholipid)
- Example 16 - ⁇ -methoxy- ⁇ -distearoyl- phosphatidylethanolamide of propionic acid of PEG (a "PEG"-phospholipid)
- Example 17 Synthesis of HS-CH 2 CH 2 CONH- (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -CH 2 CH 2 -S-CH 2 CH 2 C0 2 H
- Example 18 Coupling of methoxy-PEG-SPA to glass surfaces
- Example 19 Coupling of PEG-SPA to proteins
- M-PEG-5000-methanesulfonate from Shearwater Polymers, 70.0 g; 0.0206 moles was added to a mixture of 280 ml toluene and 420 ml absolute ethanol and stirred to dissolve.
- Ethyl-3-mercaptopropionoate (3x excess; 7.84 ml; 8.15 g; 0.061 moles) was added to -li ⁇ the reaction via syringe and the reaction was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere to 60°C for three hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to remove insoluble salts and concentrated to about 250 ml under reduced pressure. This is added to 1200 ml cold diethyl ether, giving a pale yellow precipitate which is dried in vacuo overnight .
- M-PEG-5000-S-CH 2 CH 2 -COOC 2 H S from the preceding step (70.0 g; 0.0206 moles) was added to 840 ml distilled deionized water and stirred to dissolve.
- sodium hydroxide (1.4 g) was added to 35 ml distilled deionized water and stirred to dissolve.
- the sodium hydroxide solution was added to the PEG solution until the pH was 12-13.
- the solution was then stirred at room temperature for one hour.
- Oxalic acid was added to adjust the pH to 3.
- the solution was extracted with CH 2 C1 2 three times (200/200/200 ml) .
- M-PEG-5000-COOH from the preceding step (3.00 g; 0.8823 mmol)
- N,N' dicyclohexyl carbodiimide 1.5x excess; 0.2731 g; 0.001324 mmol
- N-hydroxysuccinimide 1.5x excess; 0.1523 g; 0.001324 mmol
- M-PEG methanesulfonate (20 g, 1 equivalent, MW 5000 daltons, from Shearwater Polymers) was dissolved in 50 ml of toluene and added to the above mixture. The resulting mixture was reflexed overnight. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to half its original volume, extracted with 15 ml of 10% aqueous NaCl solution, extracted with 10 ml of 1% aqueous hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous extracts combined. The collected aqueous layers were extracted with dichloromethane (50 ml x 3) , and the organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate for 3 hours, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. Yield: 20 g of PEG malonic ester.
- M-PEG malonic ester (18 g) was dissolved in 240 ml of IN sodium hydroxide containing 12 g of sodium chloride, and the mixture was stirred for one hour.
- M-PEG malonic acid (15 g) was dissolved in 120 ml of dioxane and refluxed for 8 hours, then concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml water, extracted with dichloromethane (70 ml and 50 ml) , dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solution concentrated by rotary evaporation. The residue was precipitated by addition to cold diethyl ether. Yield: 11 g.
- SCM-PEG (10) has a half life of 0.75 minutes and reacts with water too quickly to be useful for conjugation with biologically active substances or surfaces.
- SS-PEG (6) with a half life of 9.8 minutes, has good reactivity, but contains an ester linkage and forms hydrolytically unstable conjugates.
- SSPA-PEG (5) which is prepared in accordance with the present invention, has good reactivity and no ester linkage that could interfere with hydrolytic stability of conjugates.
- SPA-PEG (4) has ideal reactivity at a half life of 16.5 minutes and no ester linkage that could interfere with hydrolytic stability. SBA-PEG (1) reacts more slowly, at a half life of 23.3 minutes, but still is of utility. Generally, a half life of 10 to about 20 or 25 minutes is desirable.
- PEG-3400-methanesulfonate (70.0 g; 11% substituted; 0.0206 moles, Shearwater Polymers) was added to a mixture of 280 ml toluene and 420 ml absolute ethanol and stirred to dissolve.
- Sodium hydroxide (3x excess; 2.32 g; 0.0581 moles) was dissolved in 56 ml absolute ethanol and added to the PEG-mesylate.
- Ethyl-3- mercaptopropionoate (3x excess; 7.84 ml; 8.15 g; 0.0607 moles) was added to the reaction via syringe and the reaction was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere to 60°C for three hours.
- the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, filtered to remove insoluble salts and concentrated to about 250 ml under reduced pressure. This is added to 1200 ml cold diethyl ether, giving the desired ester as a pale yellow precipitate which is dried in vacuo overnight .
- the extract was dried over Na 2 S0 4 /MgS0 4 , filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to about 150 ml and added to 1000 ml cold diethyl ether to precipitate the product .
- the product was dried in vacuo overnight . Yield: 61.6 g, 88%.
- the mixture was purified by ion exchange chromatography on Sepharose FF (Pharmacia) .
- -NMR DMSO-d 2.63 ppm (m, -SCH 2 CH 2 -, 4H) , 3.50 ppm (s, PEG backbone, 304H) , 4.57 ppm (t, OH, IH) .
- CH 2 CH-C0 2 - (CH 2 CH 2 0) n CH 2 CH 2 S-CH 2 CH 2 -C0 2 -NHS
- this product (0.946 g; 0.278 mmol), N,N' dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (1.5x excess; 0.0861 g; 0.417 mmol) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (1.5x excess; 0.0480 g; 0.417 mmol) were dissolved in 30.0 ml CH 2 C1 2 .
- the flask was immersed in an ice bath and stirred overnight. The next day the reaction mixture was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, filtered and precipitated into cold diethyl ether. Yield 0.592 g., 63%.
- the reaction was heated to reflux and the methanol was collected in the Dean- Stark trap along with an additional 8 ml solvent.
- the reaction mixture was cooled under nitrogen to room temperature, during which time the color changed from pale yellow to deep red-brown. Allyl chloride (1.35 g; 1.43 ml; 0.00176 moles) was added via syringe and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The following morning the mixture was filtered through a buchner funnel, concentrated under reduced pressure and precipitated into cold ether. Yield 49.17 g, 82%.
- the isolated product was checked by NMR to confirm that substitution had occurred.
- allyl-PEG 3400 (49.17 g; 0.0144 moles) was dissolved in 250 ml toluene and azeotropically dried approximately 15 minutes to remove 15 ml cloudy solvent/water.
- Polymers 100 . 0 g ; 0 . 0281 moles ) was added to a mixture of 400 ml toluene and 300 ml absolute ethanol and stirred to dissolve .
- Ethyl - 3 -mercaptopropionate ( 6 . 0 g; 0.0445 moles. 79.2% of stoichiometric amount) and sodium hydroxide (1.6 g; 0.04 moles, 71.1% of stoichiometric amount) dissolved in 40 ml absolute ethanol were added to the reaction mixture.
- the reaction was heated under nitrogen atmosphere at 60°C for three hours.
- the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to remove insoluble salt and concentrated to about 300 ml under reduced pressure.
- the reaction product (mixture of a , ⁇ - diamino of PEG, ⁇ -amino- ⁇ -thiopropionic acid of PEG, and ⁇ , ⁇ -dithiopropionic acid of PEG) was extracted with dichloromethane (3 X 300 ml) . The extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. Pure ⁇ -amino-hydrochloride- ⁇ - thiopropionic acid of PEG was separated by ion exchange chromatography on S-Sepharose FF (Pharmacia) . Yield 37.5 g.
- EXAMPLE 12 alpha-amino, omega-propionic acid of PEG H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 0 ( CH 2 CH 2 0 ) n CH 2 CH 2 C0 2 H
- the pH of the solution was maintained with periodical addition of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide.
- the solution was added to the mixture of 160 ml concentrated ammonium hydroxide and 16 g ammonium chloride and stirred 46 hours at room temperature.
- the reaction product was extracted with dichloromethane (3 X 50 ml) .
- the extract was washed with 20 ml 1 M hydrochloric acid, 20 ml distilled water and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- the solvent was distilled under reduced pressure giving 4.2 g of ex ⁇ amine hydrochloride- ⁇ -propionic acid of PEG.
- ⁇ -Methoxy- ⁇ -propionic acid succinimidyl ester of PEG of molecular weight 2170 (MSPA) (10 g, 0.00461 moles) was dissolved in chloroform (40 ml) and treated with solid distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) (3.72 g, 0.00497 moles) and triethylamine (2.4 ml) .
- MSPA molecular weight 2170
- DSPE solid distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
- triethylamine 2.4 ml
- PEG amino acid ( ⁇ -aminohydrochloride- ⁇ -S- propionic acid, from Example 10) (1.83 grams) of molecular weight 400 was dissolved in 250 ml of benzene containing 1.0 ml of triethylamine and 20 ml of dry methylene chloride. Benzene was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was redissolved in 10 ml of acetonitrile, and succinimidyl-3- (2- pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) dissolved in 10 ml of acetonitrile was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere overnight . Gel permeation chromatography showed no aminoacid peak and a new monoacid peak. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Yield 3.2 g.
- the product from the preceding step (3.2 g) was dissolved in 300 ml of distilled water containing 2.5 g of dithiothreitol and stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours .
- the reaction mixture was applied to a DEAE Sepharose FF column (100 ml) , and the column was washed with 800 ml of distilled water.
- the product was eluted with 200 ml of 0.5 M NaCl .
- the pH of the eluate was adjusted to 3.0 with
- Quartz slides were cleaned and activated for surface modification by soaking in 1% (w/w) aqueous NaOH at 90°C for 10 minutes, 3% (w/w) HCl at 90°C for 10 minutes, and boiling in 30% (w/w) H 2 0 : for 1 hour to remove trace organics, then rinsed with water.
- the clean glass slides were prepared for functionalization with aminopropylsilane by drying under vacuum of IO "3 torr for 1 hour to remove excess surface water.
- the glass slides were then exposed to a 2% (v/v) solution of silane in anhydrous toluene for 4 hours at room temperature.
- the capillaries were rinsed with toluene and cured in a vacuum oven at 190°C, IO" 3 torr for 12 hours. This procedure gave quartz slides with available amino groups on the surface.
- Methoxy-PEG-SPA from Example 1 was grafted to the functionally activated quartz surfaces by reacting as 5% (w/v) solution in 0.05 M sodium bicarbonate (pH 8.3) for 4 hours at 40°C. After PEG immobilization, surfaces were rinsed with toluene, dried under vacuum and rinsed with water. Examination with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of a large C-0 peak consistent with attachment of PEG. Also the water-contact angle is near zero, as expected for a PEG-coated surface. Finally, adsorption studies with fibrinogen revealed that fibrinogen adsorption on the PEG-coated surface has been reduced by approximately 98% relative to uncoated quartz.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- PEG-SPA Succinimidyl esters of PEG propionic acids
- the enzyme subtilisin (2 ml of a 2.37 mg/ml solution) was coupled to acryloyi-PEG-SPA (from Example 7) (MW 3400, 10 mg) by reaction in 2 ml of borate buffer (0.1 M, pH 8.0) for one hour at 4°C.
- the protein was purified by ultrafiltration with an Amicon PM 30 ultrafiltration membrane. Analysis with fluorescamine assay showed that two lysine groups had been modified by PEG attachment.
- bovine alkaline phosphatase MW 140,000 was coupled to methoxy-PEG- SPA, MW 5000, (from Example 1) by reaction of 20 mg of enzy e and 30 mg of the PEG in 2 ml of buffer containing 0.2 M sodium phosphate and 0.5 M NaCl (pH 7.5) at 4°C for 30 minutes. Unreacted PEG was removed by ultrafiltration, as above. Fluorescamine analysis showed that 20% of the available lysines were modified. Analysis on size exclusion chromatography (Toya Soda TSK 3000 column with pH 7 phosphate buffer eluent) showed that the molecular weight of the PEG-protein conjugate was approximately 30 thousand daltons greater than that of native protein.
- These other polymers include poiy(vinyl alcohol) (“PVA”) ; other poly(alkylene oxides) such as poly(propylene glycol) (“PPG”) and the like; and poly(oxyethylated polyols) such as poly(oxyethylated glycerol) , poly(oxyethylated sorbitol) , and poly(oxyethylated glucose) , and the like.
- PVA poiy(vinyl alcohol)
- PPG poly(propylene glycol)
- poly(oxyethylated polyols) such as poly(oxyethylated glycerol) , poly(oxyethylated sorbitol) , and poly(oxyethylated glucose) , and the like.
- the polymers can be homopolymers or random or block copolymers and terpolymers based on the monomers of the above polymers, straight chain or branched, or substituted or unsubstituted similar to mPEG and other capped, monofunctional PEGs having a single active site available for attachment to a linker.
- suitable additional polymers include poly(oxazoline) , poly(acryloylmorpholine) (“PAcM”) as described in published Italian Patent Application MI-92-A-0002616 filed November 17, 1992, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (“PVP”) .
- PVP and poly(oxazoline) are well known polymers in the art and their preparation and use in the syntheses described above for mPEG should be readily apparent to the skilled artisan.
- the invention has been described with respect to several particular examples and embodiments. However, the foregoing examples and description are not intended to limit the invention to the exemplified embodiments, and the skilled artisan should recognize that variations can be made within the scope and spirit of the invention as described in the foregoing specification. The invention includes all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that may be included within the true scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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AU63457/96A AU6345796A (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1996-07-03 | Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications |
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US49932195A | 1995-07-07 | 1995-07-07 | |
US08/499,321 | 1995-07-07 | ||
US08/642,231 US5672662A (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1995-10-02 | Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications |
US08/642,231 | 1995-10-02 |
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WO1997003106A1 true WO1997003106A1 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
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PCT/US1996/011261 WO1997003106A1 (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1996-07-03 | Poly(ethylene glycol) and related polymers monosubstituted with propionic or butanoic acids and functional derivatives thereof for biotechnical applications |
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AU (1) | AU6345796A (en) |
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