WO1997009806A1 - Atm network switch having enhanced call setup capability - Google Patents
Atm network switch having enhanced call setup capability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997009806A1 WO1997009806A1 PCT/US1996/013903 US9613903W WO9709806A1 WO 1997009806 A1 WO1997009806 A1 WO 1997009806A1 US 9613903 W US9613903 W US 9613903W WO 9709806 A1 WO9709806 A1 WO 9709806A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slot
- controller
- atm
- switch
- cells
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/30—Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/25—Routing or path finding in a switch fabric
- H04L49/253—Routing or path finding in a switch fabric using establishment or release of connections between ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/30—Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
- H04L49/3081—ATM peripheral units, e.g. policing, insertion or extraction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/50—Overload detection or protection within a single switching element
- H04L49/501—Overload detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5629—Admission control
- H04L2012/563—Signalling, e.g. protocols, reference model
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
- H04L2012/5652—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/30—Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
- H04L49/3009—Header conversion, routing tables or routing tags
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/55—Prevention, detection or correction of errors
- H04L49/552—Prevention, detection or correction of errors by ensuring the integrity of packets received through redundant connections
Definitions
- the invention relates to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches. More particularly, the invention relates to an ATM switch having enhanced call setup capability .
- ATM asynchronous transfer mode
- a typical ATM network switch is shown in prior art Figure 1.
- the switch 10 in Figure 1 includes eight data processing modules or "slot controllers" 12a-12h and a cross-connect switch 14.
- Each slot controller is bidirectionally connected to at least one external data link l ⁇ a-l ⁇ h.
- Each data link couples the switch 10 to another node (switch) in the ATM network.
- each slot controller 12a-12h is bidirectionally coupled to the cross-connect switch 14 as indicated by the links 18a-18h.
- ATM data enters the switch 10 via one of the links 16a-16h and either terminates in the switch (in the case of data for the switch of data for a local user) or exits the switch through another one of the links l ⁇ a-l ⁇ h.
- the ATM data consists of well defined cells of fifty-three bytes each. The first five bytes of an ATM cell are overhead bytes which include addressing information and the remaining forty-eight bytes is the payload.
- the addressing information is in the form of a virtual path indicator (VPl) and a virtual channel indicator (VCI) .
- the slot controller 12a-12h coupled to the link examines the VPl/VCI data for the cell and determines where the cell should be sent via the switch fabric 14. More particularly, the slot controller compares the VPl/VCI data to a routing table in the
- SUBSTTTUTE SHEET (RULE 26) slot controller in order to determine which other slot controller in the switch should receive the cell. For example, an ATM cell entering the switch via slot controller 12a will be examined by the slot controller 12a which will compare the VPI/VCI of the cell to a routing table in the slot controller 12a. Based on the information in the routinbg table, the slot controller 12a will append a switch fabric destination code to the cell (or will otherwise modify the address header of the cell) and will then send the cell into the switch fabric 14. The switch fabric 14 uses the destination code (or otherwise modified VPI/VCI) to route the cell to another slot controller, e.g. 12h, for further transmission through the network.
- another slot controller e.g. 12h
- the slot controller 12h When the slot controller 12h receives the cell from the switch fabric, it reads the modified VPI/VCI, compares it to a routing table in the slot controller 12h, modifies the VPI/VCI according to its table, and sends the cell onto the network via the link l ⁇ h.
- the above described ATM switch operation provides a virtual circuit connection between a calling party and a called party.
- each switch in the virtual circuit In order for the virtual circuit connection to operate, each switch in the virtual circuit must know where to route cells received from the calling party and the called party. Thus, in order to establish a virtual circuit connection between a calling party and a called party, each switch in the virtual circuit must be provided with the necessary information about the route through which data will be sent. Establishment of a virtual circuit connection is accomplished via "call setup signalling". Examples of different call setup signalling methods are disclosed in previously incorporated U.S. Serial Number 08/624,812. In general, however, the signalling process involves the transmission of "special" ATM cells which contain the call setup information rather than "call data", i.e.
- protocols are provided for determining when one or more ATM cells contain payload information other than "call data", e.g. call setup information or other "signalling" information.
- various ATM standards also provide protocols for interpreting signalling information including call setup information.
- the various signalling protocols the ATM standard are often referred to as "layers" since they build upon the ATM cell by adding additional protocol coding.
- the first layer is referred to as the ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) which provides a protocol for encoding the header of an ATM cell to indicate the presence of signalling data in the payload.
- AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
- the AAL protocol has several versions, e.g. AAL1, AAL3/4, AAL5, etc.
- AAL5 protocol one or multiple ATM cells may be specified as having payloads containing signalling data.
- AAL protocols The significance of the AAL protocols is that the ATM cells containing signalling payloads must, from the point of view of the network, be indistinguishable from ATM cells which contain call data in their payloads, while at the same time being identifiable by ATM switches as being signalling cells.
- SAAL Simalling ATM Adaptation Layer
- Q.93B the third layer in Figure 2
- this layer could, and now generally is, the Q.2931 layer.
- signalling information according to the Q.2931 protocol is encoded according to the SAAL protocol.
- the SAAL protocol takes the Q.2931 messages and builds frames which may be reliably transferred throughout the ATM network. In order to travel through the network, these frames must be split up into ATM cells, and the AAL layer provides the protocol for converting SAAL frames into ATM cells.
- a slot controller in an ATM switch would be provided with means for detecting an AAL cell, means for reconstructing SAAL frames, and means for interpreting Q.2931 messages.
- the Q.2931 messages provide each slot controller with information necessary to build routing tables in order to set up a virtual circuit connection.
- a typical call setup transaction may be described as follows.
- The. slot controller 12a receives an ATM cell, inspects the VPC/VCI and determines that the cell is part of an AAL5 transaction.
- the slot controller accumulates the necessary cells for the AAL5 packet, utilizes the SAAL protocol to assemble Q.2931 messages, interprets the Q.2931 messages, and updates its routing table in response thereto. Since, in order to set up a virtual circuit connection, the Q.2931 messages must be read by multiple switches on the network, the slot controller must pass the information through the switch network and out of the switch via another slot controller.
- the slot controller 12a must then take the Q.2931 messages and assemble a new set of ATM cells with an added switch fabric address, and send these ATM cells via the switch fabric to the other slot controller in the switch which will form a part of the virtual connection through the switch.
- the controller 12a will address the cells to controller 12h.
- Slot controller 12h will then receive the first cell, inspect the VPC/VCI and determine that the cell is part of an AAL5 transaction.
- the slot controller 12h will accumulate the necessary cells for the AAL5 packet, utilize the SAAL protocol to assemble the Q.2931 messags, interpret the Q.2931 messages, and update its routing table.
- the slot controller 12h must then take the Q.2931 messages and assemble a new set of ATM cells with the appropriate VPI/VCI headers and send them onto the network via the link l ⁇ h.
- call setup the ' slot controller resources are heavily taxed.
- call setup messages since the call setup messages must pass through the switch fabric, call setup will be delayed when the switch fabric is congested. Moreover, the call setup transactions will add to switch fabric congestion.
- the ATM switch of the present invention includes a plurality of slot controllers each of which is bidirectionally coupled to a switch fabric and each of which is bidirectionally coupled to an external link.
- each slot controller is bidirectionally coupled to a local area network (LAN) which is bidirectionally coupled to a system controller.
- the processor of each slot controller is programmed to forward Q.2931 messages to the system controller via the LAN and to receive information from the system controller via the LAN.
- the system controller is programmed to interpret the Q.2931 messages, update the routing tables of slot controllers via the LAN, assemble a packet containing a new Q.2931 message(s), and forward the packet to an appropriate slot controller via the LAN; whereafter the slot controller assembles ATM cells with appropriate VPI/VCI headers and forwards them onto the network.
- the slot controllers are programmed to forward all Q.SAAL frames to the system controller; and the system controller is programmed to extract Q.2931 messages from the Q.SAAL frames.
- Preferred aspects of the ATM switch according to the invention include: implementing the LAN according to an Ethernet protocol, monitoring the status of the slot controllers via TCP protocol, providing a backup system controller, and providing an internal buffering system in each slot controller so that if a backup system controller is brought online, no call setup data will be lost. Additional objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the detailed description taken in conjunction with the provided figures.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a prior art ATM switch
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the logical layer structure of state of the art ATM protocols
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an ATM switch according to the invention.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a flow chart of a second and presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the preferred ATM switch 100 is an ATM switch sold by General DataCo m, Inc., of Middlebury, CT, under the trademarks STROBOS and APEX which is modified as described below.
- the ATM switch 100 includes eight data processing modules or "slot controllers" 112a-112h and a cross-connect switch or "switch fabric" 114. Each slot controller is bidirectionally connected to at least one external data link ll ⁇ a-ll ⁇ h. Each data link couples the switch 100 to another node (switch) in the ATM network.
- each slot controller 112a-112h is bidirectionally coupled to the cross-connect switch 114 as indicated by the links 118a-118h.
- each slot controller 112a-112h is bidirectionally coupled to an Ethernet Local Area Network 120 and a system controller 122 is bidirectionally coupled to the LAN 120 as well.
- the system controller 122 may be any suitable processing unit such as a SUN, MOTOROLA, or INTEL processor with associated random access memory, BIOS, non-volatile program memory, etc.
- Each of the slot controllers 112a-112h is an intelligent slot controller having an on board processor, associated RAM, BIOS, non-volatile program memory, etc.
- each slot controller is also provided with a buffer for buffering communications via the LAN.
- Each slot controller examines the header of each ATM cell it receives. According to the invention, if it is determined by the slot controller at 200 that the cell is not an AAL5 cell, the slot controller modifies the VPI/VCI at 202 according to known procedures and forwards the cell at 204 either into the switch fabric or onto the external link as appropriate. If it is determined at 200 that the cell is an AAL5 cell, the slot controller interprets the AAL5 header information to, e.g., determine packet size. Thereafter, as additional AAL5 cells are received, the slot controller accumulates the cells necessary for the AAL5 packet at 206.
- the slot controller applies the SAAL protocol at 208 to generate a Q.2931 message (e.g., a call set-up request).
- the slot controller then forwards the Q.2931 message at 210 to the system controller via the LAN which is represented by the dotted line 212 in Fig. 4.
- the system controller interprets the Q.2931 message at 300.
- the system controller assembles a packet at 302 containing a Q.2931 message, and forwards the packet at 304 to an appropriate slot controller via the LAN, whereafter the slot controller assembles ATM cells with appropriate VPI/VCI headers and forwards them onto the network.
- the cells will be forwarded to the slot controller forming the other end of the virtual circuit connection being set up for transmission onto the network to the next switch to be used in the virtual circuit connection.
- the packet assembled at 302 is forwarded at 304 to the slot controller via the LAN, and not through the switch fabric.
- the system controller also preferably sends messages at 30 ⁇ to the affected slot controllers to update the routing tables of those slot controllers based on the call set-up information.
- the routing tables of two slot controllers will be updated, the slot controller which received that AAL5 cell initially, and the slot controller forming the other end of the virtual circuit connection being set up.
- the system controller relieves the slot controllers of much of the call set-up processing and significantly reduces congestion in the switch fabric.
- the slot controller which receives the AAL5 cells maintains some of the signalling message (call set-up) processing, specifically the SAAL protocol processing and sends the SAAL acknowledgement back to the switch (or device) from which the AAL5 cells originated.
- substantially all of the procesing of signalling cells is performed by the system controller as the slot controller is not provided with QSAAL capability.
- each slot controller examines the header of each ATM cell it receives.
- the slot controller modifies the VPI/VCI at 402 according to known procedures and forwards the cell at 404 either into the sitch fabric or onto the external link as appropriate.
- the slot controller accumulates the cells necessary for generating a packet at 406.
- the slot controller forwards the packet at 408 to the system controller via the LAN.
- the dotted line 412 represents the LAN link to the system controller.
- the system controller When the system controller receives the packet, it applies the SAAL protocol at 500 to assemble Q.2931 messages. In response, the system controller assembles a packet at 502 containing a Q.2931 message, and forwards the packet at 504 to an appropriate slot controller via the LAN, whereafter the slot controller assembles ATM cells with appropriate VPI/VCI headers and forwards them onto the network. Typically, the cells will be forwarded to the slot controller forming the other end of the virtual circuit connection being set up for transmission onto the network to the next switch to be used in the virtual circuit connection. According to the invention, the packet assembled at 502 is forwarded at 504 to the slot controller via the LAN, and not through the switch fabric.
- the system controller also preferably sends messages at 50 ⁇ to the affected slot controllers to update the routing tables of those slot controllers based on the call set-up information.
- the routing tables of two slot controllers will be updated, the slot controller which received that AAL5 cell initially, and the slot controller forming the other end of the virtual circuit connection being set up.
- system controller will, although not shown in the Figure, prepare an ATM cell according to the SAAL protocol for the slot controller which received the AAL5 packet to send back as confirmation that the packet was received intact.
- the preferred embodiment of the invention includes monitoring the status of the slot controllers via TCP protocol. For example, at startup, the system controller will poll the LAN with a TCP SYN message which will provide continuous information about the status of the slot controllers and their external links. This information can be used to alert other devices on the network that a link is down. In addition, this information can be used during call setup to streamline the procedure; i.e., with the system controller performing the call setup, it is not necessary to send information through the switch fabric in order to discover that a slot controller or its external link is down.
- Another preferred feature of the ATM switch of the invention includes providing a backup system controller, and providing an internal buffering system in each slot controller so that if a backup system controller is brought online, no call setup data will be lost.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU68633/96A AU6863396A (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1996-08-30 | Atm network switch having enhanced call setup capability |
EP96929100A EP0847640A4 (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1996-08-30 | Atm network switch having enhanced call setup capability |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9517853.9 | 1995-09-01 | ||
GBGB9517853.9A GB9517853D0 (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1995-09-01 | ATM network switch |
GB9603990.4 | 1996-02-26 | ||
GBGB9603990.4A GB9603990D0 (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1996-02-26 | ATM network switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997009806A1 true WO1997009806A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
Family
ID=26307670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/013903 WO1997009806A1 (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1996-08-30 | Atm network switch having enhanced call setup capability |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0847640A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6863396A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2230233A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997009806A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002015497A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-21 | Paion Company, Limited | Switching table update in switch fabric |
US6724759B1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2004-04-20 | Paion Company, Limited | System, method and article of manufacture for transferring a packet from a port controller to a switch fabric in a switch fabric chipset system |
US6804731B1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2004-10-12 | Paion Company, Limited | System, method and article of manufacture for storing an incoming datagram in switch matrix in a switch fabric chipset system |
US7088739B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2006-08-08 | Ericsson Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a packet using a digital signal processor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5101404A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1992-03-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Signalling apparatus for use in an ATM switching system |
US5303236A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1994-04-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Signalling apparatus for use in an ATM switching system |
US5381410A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1995-01-10 | Thomson-Csf | Transit switch for an asynchronous network, notably an ATM network |
-
1996
- 1996-08-30 CA CA002230233A patent/CA2230233A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-30 EP EP96929100A patent/EP0847640A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-08-30 AU AU68633/96A patent/AU6863396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-30 WO PCT/US1996/013903 patent/WO1997009806A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5101404A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1992-03-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Signalling apparatus for use in an ATM switching system |
US5303236A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1994-04-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Signalling apparatus for use in an ATM switching system |
US5381410A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1995-01-10 | Thomson-Csf | Transit switch for an asynchronous network, notably an ATM network |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002015497A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-21 | Paion Company, Limited | Switching table update in switch fabric |
US6724759B1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2004-04-20 | Paion Company, Limited | System, method and article of manufacture for transferring a packet from a port controller to a switch fabric in a switch fabric chipset system |
US6731631B1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2004-05-04 | Paion Company, Limited | System, method and article of manufacture for updating a switching table in a switch fabric chipset system |
US6804731B1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2004-10-12 | Paion Company, Limited | System, method and article of manufacture for storing an incoming datagram in switch matrix in a switch fabric chipset system |
US7088739B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2006-08-08 | Ericsson Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a packet using a digital signal processor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0847640A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
CA2230233A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
AU6863396A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
EP0847640A4 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5867481A (en) | Node device and alarm notification control method for ATM network | |
US5119367A (en) | Method and a node circuit for routing bursty data | |
US6483854B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for using ATM queues for segmentation and reassembly of data frames | |
EP0512495B1 (en) | Switching node in a network with label multiplexed information | |
US20050100025A1 (en) | Network interconnection apparatus, network node apparatus, and packet transfer method for high speed, large capacity inter-network communication | |
JPH08214010A (en) | User packet multiplexing method | |
EP1080600B1 (en) | Method for eliminating misconcatenation of partial packets in aal2 and partial packet with channel identifier | |
JPH08214009A (en) | Pay load production of wide band cell | |
EP0748544B1 (en) | Method for rerouting a packet-mode data connection | |
US6717948B1 (en) | Knowledge-based connection admission method and apparatus for providing efficient multiplexing of data and speech over AAL2 | |
US6822962B1 (en) | Virtual connection switching method and ATM switch | |
JP2000504174A (en) | Interworking function | |
US6463036B2 (en) | ATM communication apparatus and method of controlling congestion in a communication network using the ATM communication apparatus | |
WO1997009806A1 (en) | Atm network switch having enhanced call setup capability | |
US6094433A (en) | ATM switching network and ATM switching system in which the transfer of inputted cells is controlled by control cells, and signal processing method in ATM switching network | |
JP3261057B2 (en) | ATM switch and call admission priority control method | |
JPH07264207A (en) | Data terminal equipment connection method to atm exchange network | |
JPH05268256A (en) | Adding information transmission system in atm | |
US7522610B2 (en) | Apparatus and method of transmitting ATM cells in an ATM network based mobile communication system | |
KR0128869B1 (en) | Method for generating a call state message in atm | |
JPH05268254A (en) | Call setting system in communication network | |
JP3178415B2 (en) | L3-SAAL flow control method and system | |
JPH10150449A (en) | Method for setting virtual channel for subscriber line signal between atm exchange and atm line concentrator | |
JPH0690236A (en) | Inter-lan connection control system | |
JPH0993263A (en) | Logic connection communication confirmation method in asynchronous transfer mode network |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU CA GB US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2230233 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2230233 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996929100 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996929100 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1996929100 Country of ref document: EP |