WO1997013009A1

WO1997013009A1 - Method and apparatus for processing of precision parts by using electrolyte

Info

Publication number: WO1997013009A1
Application number: PCT/CN1996/000081
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhiwei Du
Original assignee: Zhiwei Du
Priority date: 1995-09-30
Filing date: 1996-09-28
Publication date: 1997-04-10
Also published as: AU7124496A

Abstract

There are disclosed a process and an apparatus for processing of precision parts or components by using abrasive-containing electrolyte, characterized in that the coupled parts or components to be processed are fitted together, or a part or component to be processed is fitted with a grinding element; abrasive-containing electrolyte with a pressure met with the requirements for processing is fed into the gap(s) between them by liquid-supplying means; composite electroplating is carried out in an electroplating apparatus, while the parts or components and/or grinding element are set in moving by drive-means, so that plating and grinding are effected at the same time, making the concave sites filled up and the convex sites removed, until the required precision is achieved. There are disclosed also a process and an apparatus for alternatively effecting of electroplating and grinding.

Description

Method and equipment for processing precision parts with electroplating solution

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method and a device for processing precision parts, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method and a device for finishing a rough-processed part by using a plating solution. The present invention is mainly applied to machining dimensional tolerances of 1-30 Meters, precision tolerances of 1-20 micrometers, clearance tolerances of 1-30 metric meters, and smoothness of 1.6-0.05. The present invention relates to a wide range of processing, according to the type of processed components, including the following categories ： 1. Relative motion, processing of precision parts that cooperate with each other. For example, screw rods and screw masters in metal cutting machine tools, slide plates and groove plates, splines and gears; screws and barrels in injection molding machines; hydraulic transmission machinery Cylinders and plungers (or cylinders and pistons); cylinders and pistons in pneumatic transmission machinery; standard and non-standard pump bodies, valve bodies, motors, etc. in general machinery. 2, convex and concave precision parts Processing. Such as jet aircraft engine special-shaped curved nozzles, laser focussers, detection parabolic probes, etc. 3. Processing of precision measuring tools. Such as measuring holes, measuring rods, plugs Etc. 4. Sealing and processing of components. Such as the sealing process of the outer shell of a refrigeration compressor. 5. Repairing and processing of precision components. 6. Processing of precision components to improve wear resistance and self-lubrication. According to the processing The shape types of the parts to be machined are: 1. Hole processing. Such as through holes, blind holes, triangular holes, oval holes, square holes, etc. 2. Groove processing. Such as triangular grooves, rectangular grooves, semicircular grooves, etc. 3 、 Column processing. Such as cylindrical, triangular column, elliptical column, square column, etc. 4. Plane processing. Such as stepped plane, plane, etc.

technical background

In the prior art, machining precision parts such as valve sleeves, spools, flat spools and other hydraulic transmission precision parts are generally first roughed by turning, planing, milling, grinding and other methods. After quenching, Then use precision machine tools for grinding, honing and grinding to improve precision. Existing technology also uses precision CNC machine tools and laser technology to process precision parts. The accuracy of parts processed by the above processing methods mainly depends on the precision of the processing equipment. That is, the precision of the equipment is high, and the accuracy of the processed parts is high, otherwise it is low. The disadvantages of the existing processing methods and equipment of precision parts are as follows: 1. Long production cycle, high cost, Batch processing is difficult and the yield is low. 2. Precision manufacturing equipment is expensive. 3. The accuracy of machining concave inner shapes (such as cylinders, inner holes) and special-shaped holes (such as triangular holes) is poor. 4. No finishing allowance for rough machining or When the balance is insufficient, the parts are scrapped only. 5. Parts cannot be repaired after wear. 6. There are requirements for cooperation The parts are made by precision manufacturing, and then the assembly process is complicated. 7. Due to the loss of cutting tools, the finishing process is randomly variable.

Summary of the Invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a method and equipment for processing precise parts with a plating solution.

Based on the principle of the present invention are: 1, a plating solution capable of plating metal ions on the components of material processing; 2, metal ions in the plating solution of about ^10-4 m in diameter, much smaller than the conventional minimum value and the maximum machining precision Roughness, under certain conditions, metal ions in the plating solution can enter the mating gap between the processed parts or the mating place between the processed parts and the grinder along with the plating solution, and can enter the processed parts The surface is uneven; 3. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, under the same conditions, the pressure increases, and the probability of fluid infiltration into the gap increases; the viscosity decreases, and the probability of fluid infiltration into the gap increases. According to this principle, a low viscosity Abrasive plating solution is pressurized, so that the plating solution carries metal ions and abrasives into the gap between the processed parts or into the gap between the processed parts and the grinder.

According to the above principle, the technical solution provided by the present invention is to combine two or more parts to be processed that are relatively moved and cooperate with each other, and the liquid supply device sends an electroplating solution containing abrasives that meets the process pressure requirements to be processed. The advantages of cooperation between parts are that under the action of the plating power, the parts to be processed are electroplated, and the driving device automatically grinds the parts to be processed. The plating and grinding are performed simultaneously or the plating and grinding are repeated alternately. The machined surface of the machined part is firstly deposited with metal ions in the plating solution and gradually reduces the fit gap. When the gap value is close to the abrasive particle size value, the plating layer of the convex portion of the machined surface of the machined component is ground away, and the concave portion continues to be plated. Deposition, to achieve filling and debossing. The tolerances between the processed parts gradually decrease, the shape tolerances of the processed parts gradually decrease, and the finish is gradually improved until the processed parts reach the required accuracy.

Another technical solution of the present invention is that the processed parts and the grinder are matched, and the liquid supply device sends an electroplating solution containing abrasives that meets the process pressure requirements into the matching gap between the processed parts and the grinder, and acts as a plating power source. Next, the processed parts are electroplated, and the driving device drives the processed parts or grinders or simultaneously drives the processed parts and grinders to grind the processed parts. The plating and grinding are performed simultaneously, or alternately and repeatedly. The machining surface of the machined part is firstly deposited with metal ions in the plating solution and gradually reduces the cooperation with the grinder. Gap, when the gap value is close to the particle size of the abrasive, the electroplated layer on the convex part of the machined part's machining surface is ground away, and the concave part continues to be plated to achieve concave filling and convexity. The shape tolerance of the machined part gradually decreases, and the dimensional accuracy And the finish is gradually improved until the processed parts reach the required accuracy.

The third technical solution of the present invention is: firstly matching a matched processed part or a processed part with a grinder, and then plating the processed part, and then matching the processed part with the grinder or a matched matching target. The processing component cooperates, and the liquid supply device sends an electroplating solution containing abrasives that meets the process pressure requirements or an aqueous solution containing abrasives that meets the process pressure requirements into the gap between the parts to be processed and the grinder or to the parts and components to be processed. At the matching gap of the processing component that matches it, the driving device drives the processed component or grinder or simultaneously drives the processed component and the grinder to grind the processed component. Electroplating and grinding are repeated alternately. The metal ions are deposited in the plating solution on the machined surface of the part, and the plating layer on the convex part is ground away, and then filled and filled with y¾, the gap tolerance between the processed parts is gradually reduced, and the shape tolerance of the processed parts is gradually reduced. The dimensional accuracy and finish are gradually improved until the processed parts reach the required accuracy.

The device of the present invention includes a liquid supply device, a driving device, an electroplating device, a liquid return device, a connector, a grinder, and a fixture. The liquid supply device is at a fitting gap between the machined part or the machined part and the grinder. The preferred place is to feed the plating solution containing abrasives in accordance with the process pressure requirements (or the aqueous solution containing abrasives to meet the process pressure requirements), and the connector connects the driving device and the machined part or grinder. The driving device drives the machined part or grinding The tool performs concentric rotary motion or concentric reciprocating motion or concentric rotary motion and concentric reciprocating motion to grind the machined parts. The fixture is used to hold and fix the machined parts or the grinder.

The plating solution includes nickel plating solution, chrome plating solution, silver plating solution, etc., which should be selected according to the use requirements and material composition of the processed parts. It is recommended to choose low temperature area, neutral nickel plating solution, neutral chromium plating solution, medium Sexual silver plating bath.

Abrasives include self-lubricating non-water-soluble abrasives; high melting point, high hardness non-water-soluble abrasives. Non-water-soluble self-lubricating abrasives include graphite, molybdenum, boron nitride, etc. High-melting point, high hardness non-water-soluble abrasives include silicon carbide , Chromium carbide, titanium dioxide, diamond, etc. The second type of abrasives can be used alone or in combination. It is recommended to mix and use by volume. Recommended non-water-soluble self-lubricating abrasives 50-80%, high melting point and high hardness abrasives 20-50% . Should be used in actual use Select according to the material structure and material hardness of the processed parts, the required dimensional accuracy, finish, shape tolerances and clearance tolerances of the processed parts. The volume content of the abrasive in the plating solution should meet the requirements of the processed parts. Under the premise of lubrication and grinding, a smaller value should be selected, and it is recommended to select within the range of 3-25%. In addition to the grinding and lubrication functions, the abrasive in the present invention also plays a role in controlling the clearance tolerance of the machined parts. Shape tolerance, dimensional tolerance, surface finish and the effect of isolating the processed parts or isolating the processed parts and the grinder. The particle size of the abrasive can be selected according to the formula: M = KZ + X + V. Μ-abrasive particle size value, unit: Levy. Κ-Proportion coefficient, when processed parts are processed with K = 0.1-0.8, when the grinder is processed with processed parts, K = 0.6-1. Zn-fit clearance value, unit: Zhengmi, X- Variation of the pressure value of the plating solution process pressure to the gap value during processing, unit: levy meter. V-Variation of the temperature difference value of the process temperature to the gap value, unit: levy meter.

The process pressure of the plating solution should be selected to ensure that the plating solution can carry the abrasive into the gap between the processed parts or the gap between the processed parts and the grinder. The range is the minimum allowable pressure of the processed parts and the grinder 0.1-80%.

Selection range of driving parameters of the driving device: The selection of the driving force is: greater than or equal to 1.5 times the process pressure of the plating solution, the speed of the concentric rotary motion is: 0.1-25 not / min, and the speed of the concentric reciprocating motion is 0.01-10 m / min . When taking the speed value, the driving speed should be determined according to various factors such as process pressure, abrasive content value, abrasive grain size, abrasive mixing ratio, speed of electroplating deposition, size of the machined part, accuracy required by the machined part, etc. That is, to ensure the deposition of the concave parts of the machined parts by electroplating, it is necessary to research the bump plating of the machined parts in time.

The choice of plating parameters is to make different processed parts quickly and stably obtain a good plating layer. The recommended nickel plating current density is 0.5-1.5A / dm ² , and the chromium plating current density is 30-50A / dm ² .

The process taper value selection range is 0.1 °-3 °. In actual application, it should be selected according to the size of the machined part. Large diameter, long length, high value; small diameter, short length, low value. The role of the driving device is Drive the machined parts or grinders to grind the machined parts. When machining relative parts and cooperating parts at the same time, such as cylinders and plungers, the driving device is required to drive the relative concentric rotation between the machined parts. Motion and concentric reciprocating motion for mutual grinding; when machining concave parts with continuous turning surfaces, such as paraboloids, a driving device is required to drive the grinder or the machined part or both the grinder and The processed parts make relative concentric rotary movements to grind the inner cavity of the parabolic surface of the part; when processing a discontinuous turning surface with an abnormal W inner shape, such as an oval hole, a driving device is required to drive the grinder or the processed part Or simultaneously drive the grinder and the machined part to make relative concentric reciprocating motions to grind the oval national hole. The above example summarizes that when the driving device processes different parts, it can drive the machined part and the hard grinder or The machined part or grinder performs concentric rotary motion or concentric reciprocating motion or concentric rotary motion and concentric reciprocating motion to grind the processed component. Of course, it must also have sufficient driving force and accuracy. The mechanical comparison can meet the above requirements. Many, can be used as a driving device (or slightly improved), such as air motors, precision lathes, coordinate boring machines, coordinate insertion machines, etc.

The role of the connector is to connect the driving device with the grinder or the machined parts. When the plating voltage and current are large, the connection should be insulated. Insulation pads or a layer of insulating resin can be sprayed on the contact surface.

The function of the liquid supply device is to feed the plating solution containing abrasives in accordance with the process pressure requirements to the fitting gap between the machined parts or the fitting gap between the machined parts and the grinder, or into the process containing abrasives. For aqueous solutions with pressure requirements, the liquid supply device includes a liquid storage tank, a pressure gauge, an infusion tube, a stirrer, an infusion pipeline, a liquid storage tank, a pump, a pressure gauge, a gap between the processed parts or a processed part and a grinder Connected at the mating gap.

The function of the liquid return device is to return the electroplating liquid squeezed out in the fitting gap between the machined parts or in the fitting gap between the grinder and the machined parts to the liquid storage tank. Composed of check valve. The opening pressure of the check valve is equal to the process pressure of the plating solution. The plating solution can also be used to fall back into the storage tank by its own weight.

The electroplating device is used to electroplat the processed parts. The electroplating device includes: electroplating solution, electroplating power generator, and anode material. The positive stage of the electroplating power generator is connected to the electroplating liquid phase through the anode material, and the negative stage is processed to zero. The parts are connected. When electroless plating is used, the plating power generator can be omitted.

The role of the grinder is to grind the machined parts under the drive of the driving device. It can be made of materials that are difficult to be plated, such as aluminum rods, which are processed by hard anodizing. The shape of the front of the grinder and the parts The shape of the working surface matches. For example, when processing a circular through hole on a part, the shape of the front of the grinder is a cylindrical shape; when processing a cylindrical part, the front of the grinder is a garden hole that matches the column (but a through hole, also But blind hole); square on machined parts In the case of holes, the front of the grinder is a square column matching the square hole. When processing square-cylinder parts, the front of the grinder has a square hole matching the square column. When processing the injector, the shape of the front of the grinder is A solid cone that matches the shape of the injection hole; when machining a concave paraboloid on a part, the shape of the front of the grinder is a convex outer paraboloid that matches the concave paraboloid.

The role of the process taper is to balance uneven plating deposition and guide the penetration of the plating solution into the mating gap.

Overview of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the process and equipment for the simultaneous movement of electroplating and grinding, processing of relative motion, and cooperation of precision parts;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process and equipment for simultaneous precision plating and grinding with a grinder to process precision parts;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the process and equipment of electroplating and grinding alternately and repeatedly, processing relative motion, and cooperating with precision parts.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of Figure 2.

Best Mode of the Invention

The process and equipment of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and drawings.

Embodiment 1. Now, the cylinder body and plunger of a disc brake for an automobile are taken as an example to further explain the process and equipment of the present invention. The required technical conditions are: the working stroke of the plunger is 12 mm, and the cylinder outer diameter is 30 mm. The inner diameter of the cylinder is 20 ^{+ C 005} mm, the diameter of the plunger is 20 mm, the maximum clearance value is 6.25 metric meters, the smoothness is 0.4, the design working pressure is 0.751 \ «» 3, 45 # steel, the allowable stress of the material [σ] = 140Mpa.

Selection and determination of process parameters:

1. Allowable pressure of cylinder

2.Plating process pressure P1-2% P = 70 X 2% = 1.4Mpa (greater than the working pressure of 0.75Mpa).

3.Driving force = 1.4 X 2 = 2.8MPa.

4.Concentric rotary motion speed is 2.5 m / min.

5. Concentric reciprocating speed 0.2 m / min. Reciprocating time: 25 seconds.

6, process taper value, length 9 mm, chamfer R0.1 mm, taper 45, 7. Driving stroke: 21 mm (so that the cylinder and the plunger are not separated).

8. Abrasive particle size, M = 0.42 X 6.25 + 20 χ 10 ^{3 x} 0.2% ^x 2% ^x 50% + 0 = 3 metric meters.

9. Formulation of plating solution, nickel sulfamate C Ni (NH ₂ S0 ₃ ) 2 · 4H ₂ 0] 322g / l, nickel chloride (Nicl 2 · 6H20) NiCI ₂ '6H ₂ O30g / l, boric acid (H ₃ B0 ₃ ) 34g / l, molybdenum dihalide (MoS ₂ ) 3 μm, 200g / l, diamond abrasive 3 μm, 80g / l.

10. Plating parameters, pulse power parameters, rectangular wave, average current density 0.7A / dm ² , on-off ratio 1: 4, PH5.4, temperature: room temperature.

As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid supply device includes a liquid storage tank 9, a stirrer 11, a pump 10, an infusion tube 7, a pressure gauge 3, and the mixer 11 is provided in the liquid storage tank 9, and the infusion tube 7 electroplating the liquid storage tank 9 The fluid communicates with the cylinder 5 (the machined part). The pump 10 and the pressure gauge 3 are connected in series to the infusion tube 7. The pump 10, the pressure gauge 3 and the infusion tube 7 are matched according to the plating solution process pressure (1.4Mpa). As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid returning device includes a check valve 4, a liquid returning pipe 2, an adjustable pressure valve 8, and the liquid returning pipe 2-one end of the liquid returning pipe 7 is located near the cylinder 5, and the other end is connected to the liquid storage tank. 9 is connected, the check valve 4 and the adjustable pressure valve 8 are connected in series to the liquid return pipe 2. The opening pressure of the check valve 4 should be equal to the plating solution process pressure of 1.4 MPa. When the driver 15 drives the plunger 14 (machined parts) ) When forward (to the left in the figure), the pressure in the cylinder 5 increases, and the check valve 4 is pressed to open. The plating solution in the carcass 5 flows back to the reservoir 9 through the check valve 4 and the adjustable pressure valve 8 A magnet 16 is provided in the liquid storage tank for adsorbing metal particles in the plating solution. Referring to FIG. 1, the plunger 14 The connector 6 is connected to the driver 15 and adopts an insulation connection. When the plating voltage is small, such as voltage <36V, it can be connected without insulation. The clamp 13 holds the cylinder 5 fixed. The pulse power generator 12 is positive through the anode The material is connected to the plating liquid phase in the reservoir 9 and the negative stage is connected to the cylinder 5. The process taper 1 is shown in Figure 1. The process taper 1 facilitates the plating solution to enter the mating gap between the cylinder 5 and the plunger 14 and Balanced uneven galvanic deposition.

The technical steps are as follows: The effect is exactly the concentricity of the cylinder 5 and the plunger 14, the mixer 11 is started to stir the plating solution, and the pump 10 is operated to send a plating pressure of 1.4 MPa to the mating gap of the cylinder 5 and the plunger 14 with abrasive. Fluid, turn on the pulse power generator 12, and electroplating the cylinder 5 and the plunger 14 at the same time. The driver 15 is driven, and the driver 15 drives the plunger 14 to perform concentricity in the cylinder 5 at a speed of 0.2 m / min and an interval process time. Reciprocating motion and concentric rotary motion at a speed of 2.5 m / min, the cylinder block 5 and the plunger 14 are ground to each other, and the plating and grinding are performed simultaneously. The machining surfaces of the cylinder block 5 and the plunger 14 are deposited with metal ions in the plating solution, the plating layer at the convex portion is ground away, and the convexity is filled out. The clearance tolerance between the cylinder block 5 and the plunger 14 gradually decreases, and the cylinder block 5 and the column The shape tolerance of the plug 14 is gradually reduced, and the finish is gradually improved until the required accuracy is achieved. At the same time, the abrasion resistance of the cylinder block 5 and the plunger 14 is also improved due to the existence of the plating layer. The carcass processed in the above embodiment After testing with the plunger, the clearance value is 5 metric meters, the shape tolerance is 5 metric meters, and the finish is 0.4.

Embodiment 2, the processing of a logic control cylinder in an aircraft manipulator is taken as an example to further explain the process and equipment of the present invention.

The control cylinder is made of 20 # steel, the allowable stress of the material [ _σ ] = HOMPa, after carburizing treatment. Inner diameter 10.5 + ^{β 0015} mm, outer diameter 12.8 mm, straightness, ¾ degree 0.0045 mm, smoothness 0.2, design pressure IMpa .

Selection and determination of process parameters:

1. Allowable stress of control cylinder

2.Plating process pressure P1 = 10% Ρ-2.4MPa (greater than the working pressure IMpa).

3.Driving force = 2.4 X 3 = 7.2Mpa.

4.Concentric rotary motion speed: 1.5 m / min.

5. Determination of the size of the grinding head: The outer diameter is 10.45 mm, and the clearance value with the machined parts is 25 levy meters.

6.Grit size M = 1 X 25 + 10.5 X 10 ³ χ 0.2% x 10% χ 50% + 0 = 25 + 1.05 = 26 levies.

7, plating bath formulation: chromic anhydride _{(G) 3) 250g / l} , Kip acid _{_{(H 2 S0 4) 2.5g /}} l, rare earth additives (Preparation HIT) lg / 1, boron nitride (BN) 26 μ m, 185g / l, silicon carbide (SiC) 26 μ m, 125g / l.

8. Plating parameters, current 30A / dm ² , temperature: 35.

Referring to FIG. 2, the liquid supply device includes a liquid storage tank 1, a liquid storage tank 14, a pump 16, a check valve 15, an infusion tube 21, and a pump 16 and a check valve 15 are connected in series on the infusion tube 21. The pump 16 may The abrasive-containing plating solution in the liquid storage tank 1 is pumped into the liquid storage tank 14, and a magnet 2 is installed at the bottom of the liquid storage tank 1 for adsorbing metal particles in the plating liquid. To the relief valve 11, when the pressure in the liquid storage tank 14 exceeds the plating process pressure (2.4MPa), press The one-way relief valve 11 is opened to release gas and reduce the pressure in the reservoir 14. The liquid return hole 24 is provided on the frame 22, and when the control cylinder 6 (the machined part) and the grinder 5 match the gap, After the plating solution is pressed out, it is returned to the reservoir 1 through the return hole 24. The driving device used in this embodiment is an air motor 17, and a through hole is provided in the air motor shaft 8, and the plated anode rod 18 is provided in the through hole. One end of the through hole communicates with the electroplating liquid phase in the reservoir 14, and the other end communicates with the inner hole of the grinder 5. The shape of the grinding head at the front of the grinder 5 matches the shape of the processing surface of the control cylinder 6. The wall of the grinding head Equipped with symmetrically distributed infusion holes 23 of the same size, the diarrhea holes 23 have the function of self-centering (concentricity). The grinder 5 is made of hard-to-plat materials, such as aluminum rods, which are processed by hard anodizing. It has high hardness and is difficult to be plated. The grinder 5 is connected to the air motor shaft 8 with a nut 19 (connector), and the front end of the air motor shaft 8 has a thread matching the nut 19. The electroplating power generator 20 (plating device ) The positive pole is connected to the positive pole 18, and the negative pole is connected to the control cylinder 6 Then. The screw clamp 3 fixes the control cylinder 6 on the frame 22.

In FIG. 4, reference numeral 6 is a control cylinder, reference numeral 5 is a grinder, and reference numeral 18 is an anode rod. The process steps are as follows: The pump 16 is started, and the electroplating solution containing abrasives in the liquid storage tank 1 is sent to the liquid storage tank 14 Inside (manual stirring can be used to evenly disperse the abrasive in the storage tank 1), the plating solution passes through the through holes in the air motor shaft 8, the inner holes on the grinder 5, and the infusion holes 23 enter the grinder 5 and At the matching gap of the control cylinder 6, turn on the air pressure adjusting switch 12, the pressure gas enters the liquid storage tank 14 from the gas source device 7 through the gas tube 10, the gas detection hole 13 on the anode rod 18, and pressurizes and stirs the plating solution; Pressurized electroplating solution and the automatic centering effect of the Yu liquid hole 23 on the grinder 5, after correcting the concentricity of the control cylinder 6 and the grinder 5, the screw clamp 3 fixes the control cylinder 6 on the frame 22. Turn on the plating power The generator 20 is used to plate the control cylinder 6; the air pressure adjusting switch 9 is turned on, and the pressure gas is passed from the gas device 7 through the gas pipe 10 to the air motor 17, and the air motor 17 is pushed to rotate at a concentric rotation speed of 1.5 m / min. The shaft 8 drives the grinder 5 to grind, electroplat and grind the control cylinder 6. At the same time, filling and debossing, the shape tolerance of the control cylinder 6 is gradually reduced, and the finish is gradually improved, until the control cylinder 6 reaches the required accuracy. The control cylinder processed by the above method is tested, and the inner diameter is 10.5 + ^{D 0012} mm. The roundness is 0.0045 mm and the finish is 0.2. The required accuracy is achieved.

Embodiment 3, taking the wheel and shell of a motorcycle oil pump as an example, the process and equipment of the present invention will be further described.

The wheel material is 20Gr, the outer diameter of the pot wheel is 12.5 ^ = mm, the smoothness is 0.8, and the related shape The shape tolerance is 5 microns, the shell material is cast aluminum, with an inner diameter of 12.5 + °°° ²⁵ mm, a smoothness of 1.6, the related shape tolerance is 5 metric meters, the outer diameter is 22 millimeters, and the maximum gap between the pot wheel and the housing is 3 metric meters. Designed to use working pressure of 0.15Mpa, allowable stress of cast aluminum material [σ]-66Mpa.

Selection and determination of process parameters:

1. Allowable pressure body

(Due to the use of cooperative processing, the strength of the shell material is small, and the strength of the shell material should be used as a reference.) 2. Process pressure of the plating solution P1 = 2% P = 50.16 X 2% = IMPa (greater than the working pressure of 0.15MPa).

3.Driving force = 1 X 2.5 = 2.5Mpa.

4.Concentric rotary motion speed is 2.5 m / min.

5.Concentric reciprocating speed 0.8 m / min.

6. Plating and grinding interval, the previous time: plating 3-4 minutes, grinding 1-2 minutes; the latter time: plating 0.5 minutes, grinding 1-2 minutes (due to the use of plating and grinding alternately and repeatedly).

7.Grit size M = 0.6 X 3 + 12.5 χ 0.2% ^x 2% ^x 50% ^x 10 ³ + 0 = 2.05 microns.

8. Formulation of electroplating solution, nickel broken acid (NiS0 ₄ · 7H ₂ 0) 310g / l, nickel chloride

(NiCl ₂ · 6H ₂ 0) 50g / l, boric acid (H3B03) 40g / l, molybdenum disperse (MoS ₂ ) 2 μm, 370g / l, silicon carbide (SiC) 2 μm, 80g / l.

9. Plating parameters, current density ΙΑ / dm ² , temperature: 20

Referring to FIG. 3, the liquid supply device includes a liquid storage tank 1, an infusion tube 21, a pump 20, and the pump 20 is installed on the liquid tube 21, and the infusion tube 21-end communicates with the plating liquid phase in the liquid storage tank 1. Another One end communicates with the inner cavity of the housing 23 (matched parts to be processed). A magnet 6 is provided in the liquid storage tank 1 for adsorbing metal particles in the plating solution. The return device includes a liquid return pipe 24 and a check valve 22, the check valve 22 is installed on the liquid return pipe 24, and its opening pressure is equal to the plating solution process pressure

(IMPa) The end of the liquid return pipe 24 is in communication with the plating liquid phase in the storage tank 1, and the other end is connected to the infusion pipe 21 and communicates with the inner cavity of the housing 23. The driver 13 drives the worm wheel 19 (the machined part) at When the concentric reciprocation is performed in the housing 23, the pressure in the housing 23 increases, and the check valve 22 is forced to open, and the plating solution flows back to the storage tank 1 through the liquid return pipe 24. When the housing 23 and the pot wheel 19 When the gap is large, the plating solution can be pressed out from the gap and directly returned to the storage tank 1. The housing 23 is fixed on the reservoir cover 4 with a screw clamp 25. The driving shaft 9 is provided with a stirring blade 16 which stirs the plating solution with the driving shaft 9 up and down and placing movement. The connector is connected by the component connector 26 The screw 18 and the nut 17 are formed. The front end of the driving shaft 9 is provided with a tapered hole matching the connection head 26. The rear end of the connection head 26 is installed in the 雉 -shaped hole. The front end of the driving shaft 9 is provided with a thread matching the nut 17. The nut 17 fixes the connector 26 to the front end of the drive shaft 9, and the screw 18 connects the connector 26 and the pot wheel 19. The component 12 on the driver 13 is provided with a speedometer 10 and a pressure gauge 11 for observing the driving force and concentricity Speed of rotary motion. A pressure gauge 7 and a speed gauge 8 are provided on the component 14 on the driver 13 for observing the driving force and the speed of the concentric reciprocating motion. The negative power of the electroplating power generator 5 is connected to the reservoir 1, and the positive Level is connected to the anode rod 2. The insulation pad 3 is provided between the anode rod 2 and the reservoir cover 4 for insulation. The sealing ring 15 is used for sealing to prevent the plating solution from leaking.

The process steps are as follows: In accordance with the concentricity of the pot wheel 19 and the housing 23, lower the pot wheel 19 into the plating solution, turn on the plating power switch, and perform plating on the pot wheel 19 according to the process parameters. 19 introduced the electroplating solution to cooperate with the housing 23. Turn on the pump 20, and send the plating solution containing abrasives at a pressure of 1MPa to the gap between the pot wheel 19 and the housing 23, start the driver 13, and drive the worm wheel 19 in the housing 23 by 0.8. Concentric reciprocating motion at a speed of m / min and concentric rotating motion at a speed of 2.5 m / min, grinding the housing 23 and itself (worm gear) until the process time, and then lowering the wheel 19 into the plating solution for electroplating The electroplating and grinding are repeated alternately until the pot wheel 19 and the shell 23 reach the required accuracy. Of course, the shell 23 can also be pushed into the electric ferrule to cooperate with the electric pot wheel 19 to achieve grinding in the electric ferrule. Process time, the shell 23 is lifted out of the plating solution. The plating power can be cut off or not cut during grinding. If the shell 23 or the pot wheel 19 is separately processed, or the other precision parts are processed, the shell is placed. The position of the body 23 should be a grinder, and electroplating is not required for the grinder. It can be used to supply abrasive containing the gap between the grinder and the scorpion wheel 19 or the gap between the grinder and other processed parts in accordance with the process pressure. The required plating solution or an aqueous solution containing abrasives that meets the process pressure requirements is alternately and repeatedly processed by electroplating and grinding. If the hardness difference between the parts being processed is large, one of the parts being processed is in an electroplating solution containing abrasives After electroplating, it can be directly ground and matched with the matching parts or grinders. The electroplating and grinding are repeated alternately until the required accuracy is achieved.

The shell and the pot wheel were processed by the above method and were tested to fully meet the accuracy requirements. The volume of technical indicators is 2.3 times higher than similar products in Japan, up to 3.4 times.

The above embodiments are not the entire content of the present invention, and different improvements can be made according to the idea of the present invention. For example, two driving devices can be used to simultaneously drive a machined part or a machined part and a grinder for grinding. During processing, the connector is slightly improved. A driving device can simultaneously drive two or more processed parts and corresponding processed parts (or grinders) for mutual grinding. A torque test device is set on the main shaft of the driving device to determine the degree of precision manufacturing based on the torque change. Another example is to use a program control method to standardize the processing technology. Another example is to slightly improve the pulse current based on Example 1. It is changed to stop polishing during DC power plating, and stop plating during polishing. In this way, the plating and polishing can be alternately repeated. Embodiment 2 can also be improved according to the method described above, and the plating and polishing can be alternately repeated. These improvements are also the present invention. Range.

Industrial applicability

The invention has the following advantages: 1. Less equipment. Except for the high precision and high cost of the automatic equipment, the other equipments are very low in price. A set of equipment can process a variety of parts. 2. The precision of the processed parts is high. , Good interchangeability, especially the parts formed in the machining recess are several times higher than the existing technology; 3. The processing steps are reduced by nearly half; 4, the wear resistance of the parts is improved.

Claims

Rights request

1. A method for processing precision parts using electroplating solution, including rough machining, characterized in that the matched processed parts are matched with each other or the processed parts are matched with a matching grinder, and the liquid supply device will contain water-insoluble The plating solution of the abrasive that meets the requirements of the process pressure is sent to the fitting gap of the part. The electroplating device electroplates the part through the plating solution, and the driving device makes the part cooperate with the processing surface by means of the water-insoluble content contained in the plating solution. Abrasives are ground, and electroplating and grinding are repeated at the same time or alternately, so that the surfaces of the parts cooperate with each other to get metal ions deposited in the plating solution, the protrusions are ground, and the protrusions are filled out, until the parts reach the required accuracy.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that electroplating and grinding are performed alternately and repeatedly, after the surface of the part to be processed is electroplated by the electroplating device, it is detached from the electroplating solution, and then the part to be processed is matched with the surface of the processing by the driving device. Grinding containing non-water-soluble abrasives, at this time the liquid supply device can supply water containing non-water-soluble abrasives to the gaps where the processed parts cooperate.

3. A method for processing precision parts with a plating solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure of the plating solution that meets the process pressure requirements is 0.1-80 of the minimum allowable pressure of the processed component and the grinder %, And with the aid of relevant process conditions, the plating solution can carry the abrasive into the fit gap.

4. A method for processing precision parts with a plating solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the abrasive comprises a self-lubricating non-water-soluble abrasive, a high melting point, a high hardness non-water-soluble abrasive, and a self-lubricating non-water-soluble abrasive Isolation and lubrication, high melting point, high hardness, non-water-soluble abrasives for grinding.

5. A method for processing precision parts with a plating solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle size of the abrasive is selected according to the accuracy required for the part to be processed and the gap value at the fit, and is controlled by the particle size of the abrasive The gap value is determined by the formula M-KZ + X + V.

6. A method for processing precision parts with a plating solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is based on the plating deposition rate, the size of the abrasive, the mixing ratio of the abrasive, the content of the abrasive in the plating solution, and the plating solution. The driving speed is selected based on the process pressure. The driving parameters are: the driving force is greater than or equal to 1.5 times the process pressure of the plating solution, the concentric rotary motion speed is 0.1-25 m / min, and the concentric reciprocating motion speed is 0.01-10 m / min.

7.—A kind of equipment for processing precision parts with electroplating solution includes electroplating device and fixture, which is also characterized by liquid supply device, liquid return device, drive device, grinder, connector, and common liquid device. It communicates with the mating gap between the machined part and the grinder or with the mating space between the machined parts. One end of the connector is connected to the driving device, and the other end is connected to the machined part or the grinder.

8. An apparatus for processing precision parts with a plating solution according to claim 7, wherein the grinding head at the front of the grinder matches the shape of the machining surface of the part to be processed.