WO1997044894A1 - Error path control for feed-forward amplifier - Google Patents

Error path control for feed-forward amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997044894A1
WO1997044894A1 PCT/US1997/002367 US9702367W WO9744894A1 WO 1997044894 A1 WO1997044894 A1 WO 1997044894A1 US 9702367 W US9702367 W US 9702367W WO 9744894 A1 WO9744894 A1 WO 9744894A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
feed
forward amplifier
error
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/002367
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark I. Van Horn
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc. filed Critical Motorola Inc.
Priority to JP9542314A priority Critical patent/JPH11509716A/en
Priority to EP97907638A priority patent/EP0839405A1/en
Priority to AU19595/97A priority patent/AU1959597A/en
Publication of WO1997044894A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997044894A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H03F1/3223—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using feed-forward
    • H03F1/3229—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion using feed-forward using a loop for error extraction and another loop for error subtraction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F1/00
    • H03F2201/32—Indexing scheme relating to modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H03F2201/3212—Using a control circuit to adjust amplitude and phase of a signal in a signal path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to feed- forward amplifiers and more particularly, to controlling an error path in a feed-forward amplifier.
  • the methods used to tune the error path in feed ⁇ forward amplifiers have limitations imposed by the dynamic range of the detector used to form the basis for controlling the error path.
  • the input level to the pilot tone receiver must be maintained at a sufficiently low level to ensure that the IM generated in the pilot tone receiver is below that of the corrected LPA. While this is not very difficult to overcome in relaxed intermodulation (IM) product environments, strict IM products requirements can present a more difficult problem.
  • IM intermodulation
  • FIG. 1 Such a prior art feed ⁇ forward amplifier is shown in FIG. 1.
  • a signal 101 is input into a radio frequency (RF) coupler 103 which has as an output a signal entering a main gain /phase control block 106.
  • Output from the block 106 is input into a main amp 109 which has an output into another RF coupler 112.
  • the main amp 109 is a Class AB amplifier as is well known in the art.
  • the main gain /phase control block 106 and the main amp 109 generally comprise a main path 107 for the signal 101 to propagate.
  • the amount of time delay presented by the main delay block 115 is approximately equal to the amount of time delay the input signal 101 experiences as it propagates through the main path 107.
  • the signal exiting the main delay block 115 enters RF coupler 118.
  • Also input into RF coupler 118 is an output from RF coupler 112. Since each signal entering RF coupler 118 is substantially in phase, the main signal component in each of the input signals will be canceled, thus leaving
  • the error signal 119 exiting the RF coupler 118 is input into an error path 123 which generally comprises an error gain/phase control 121 and an error amplifier 124.
  • the error amp 124 is a Class A amplifier as is well known in the art.
  • the error gain /phase control block 121 provides fine tune adjustment of both the gain and the phase of the error signal 119 exiting the RF coupler 118. Exiting the error amp 124 is thus an error signal which has been gain and phase controlled by a controller 137.
  • the controller 137 includes a down converter 139 and an analog-to-digital (A/D) 136.
  • the signal exiting the RF coupler 127 is a signal which contains both a main signal component and an error component, and this signal is input into an error delay block 127 which provides a time delay which is substantially equal to the time delay the error signal 119 experiences as it propagates through the error path 123.
  • the signal exiting the error delay block 127 is input into the RF coupler 130, as is the gain and phase controlled error signal exiting the error amplifier 124. Again, since each signal entering the RF coupler 130 is in phase, the two signals entering the RF coupler 130 will be combined such that the error signal is substantially canceled.
  • the signal 131 exiting the RF coupler 130 has (theoretically) only the main component of the original input signal therein.
  • Signal 131 is input into the RF coupler 133 which provides not only the eventual output signal but also a signal 134 used by the controller 137 to eventually control the error path 123.
  • A/D converter 136 to control the error path 123 is required.
  • the A/D converter 136 must be a minimum of a 12-bit A/D converter.
  • the down conversion process would also be required to have IM performance more than the desired IM performance of the overall feed-forward LPA - typically -60 dBc IM performance for the AMPS cellular band.
  • FIG. 1 generally depicts a prior art feed-forward amplifier.
  • FIG. 2 generally depicts a feed-forward amplifier having improved error path control in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 generally depicts an alternate embodiment of a feed-forward amplifier having improved error path control in accordance with the invention.
  • a feed-forward amplifier bases control of an error path within the feed-forward amplifier on an output signal after performing carrier cancellation to remove the carrier signal.
  • the feed-forward amplifier implements couplers, a carrier cancellation gain /phase control block and a carrier cancellation delay block to cancel the carrier signal.
  • FIG. 2 generally depicts a feed-forward amplifier 200 having improved error path control in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 has a substantial number of blocks in common with FIG. 1, and thus like blocks are identified with like numerals. Different from FIG.
  • a means for canceling 207 the carrier signal such means including the RF coupler 203, a carrier cancellation gain /phase control block 206, a carrier cancellation block 209 and another RF coupler 212.
  • the signal coupled off of the RF coupler 133 is not directly input into the means for controlling 216, but is instead input into the RF coupler 212.
  • the signal 219 exiting the RF coupler 212 does not have the main component of the input signal (i.e., the carrier signal) therein. In fact, the signal exiting the RF coupler 212 has only an error signal therein.
  • the means for controlling 216 of FIG. 2 no longer suffers from the effects of a wide dynamic control signal as in the prior art.
  • A/D converter 215 can be implemented as a much smaller A/D converter.
  • an 8- bit converter can thus be implemented to provide improved control of the error path in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 generally depicts an alternate embodiment of a feed-forward amplifier having improved error path control in accordance with the invention.
  • a switchable attenuator 303 is implemented to disable the means for canceling 207 from the circuitry, thus allowing for easy identification of the desired carrier frequencies.
  • the desired carriers will be much larger than the IM products and thus easily identifiable for use in subsequent intermodulation (IM) product determination.
  • IM intermodulation

Abstract

A feed-forward amplifier (200) bases control of an error path (123) within the feed-forward amplifier (200) on an output signal after performing carrier cancellation to remove the carrier signal. The feed-forward amplifier (200) implements couplers (203, 212), a carrier cancellation gain/phase control block (206) and a carrier cancellation delay block (209) to cancel the carrier signal. By basing the control of the error path on a signal without the carrier signal, control of the error path (123) does not suffer from the effects of high dynamic range presented by the carrier signal, thus improving overall control of the feed-forward amplifier (200).

Description

ERROR PATH CONTROL FOR FEED-FORWARD AMPLIFIER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to feed- forward amplifiers and more particularly, to controlling an error path in a feed-forward amplifier.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The methods used to tune the error path in feed¬ forward amplifiers have limitations imposed by the dynamic range of the detector used to form the basis for controlling the error path. For example, in the conventional pilot tone approach, the input level to the pilot tone receiver must be maintained at a sufficiently low level to ensure that the IM generated in the pilot tone receiver is below that of the corrected LPA. While this is not very difficult to overcome in relaxed intermodulation (IM) product environments, strict IM products requirements can present a more difficult problem.
One method to solve this problem is to provide a direct analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion of the output signal and use signal processing techniques to determine which "spurs" are IM products. Such a prior art feed¬ forward amplifier is shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1, a signal 101 is input into a radio frequency (RF) coupler 103 which has as an output a signal entering a main gain /phase control block 106. Output from the block 106 is input into a main amp 109 which has an output into another RF coupler 112. In the preferred embodiment, the main amp 109 is a Class AB amplifier as is well known in the art. The main gain /phase control block 106 and the main amp 109 generally comprise a main path 107 for the signal 101 to propagate.
Also output from the RF coupler 103 is a signal which enters a main delay block 115. The amount of time delay presented by the main delay block 115 is approximately equal to the amount of time delay the input signal 101 experiences as it propagates through the main path 107. The signal exiting the main delay block 115 enters RF coupler 118. Also input into RF coupler 118 is an output from RF coupler 112. Since each signal entering RF coupler 118 is substantially in phase, the main signal component in each of the input signals will be canceled, thus leaving
(theoretically) only an error signal 119 exiting the RF coupler 118.
The error signal 119 exiting the RF coupler 118 is input into an error path 123 which generally comprises an error gain/phase control 121 and an error amplifier 124. In the preferred embodiment, the error amp 124 is a Class A amplifier as is well known in the art. The error gain /phase control block 121 provides fine tune adjustment of both the gain and the phase of the error signal 119 exiting the RF coupler 118. Exiting the error amp 124 is thus an error signal which has been gain and phase controlled by a controller 137. In this prior art implementation, the controller 137 includes a down converter 139 and an analog-to-digital (A/D) 136. The signal exiting the RF coupler 127 is a signal which contains both a main signal component and an error component, and this signal is input into an error delay block 127 which provides a time delay which is substantially equal to the time delay the error signal 119 experiences as it propagates through the error path 123. The signal exiting the error delay block 127 is input into the RF coupler 130, as is the gain and phase controlled error signal exiting the error amplifier 124. Again, since each signal entering the RF coupler 130 is in phase, the two signals entering the RF coupler 130 will be combined such that the error signal is substantially canceled. Thus, the signal 131 exiting the RF coupler 130 has (theoretically) only the main component of the original input signal therein. Signal 131 is input into the RF coupler 133 which provides not only the eventual output signal but also a signal 134 used by the controller 137 to eventually control the error path 123.
One of the biggest problems with the above-described approach is that a high dynamic range A/D converter 136 to control the error path 123 is required. For example, if signal 134 has a 70 dB dynamic range, the A/D converter 136 must be a minimum of a 12-bit A/D converter. To be capable of digitizing entire cellular bands, such a 12-bit A/D converter would have to operate at a very high sampling rate to digitize the entire bandwidth. Another problem with this approach is that the down conversion process would also be required to have IM performance more than the desired IM performance of the overall feed-forward LPA - typically -60 dBc IM performance for the AMPS cellular band.
Thus, a need exists for a improved method and apparatus for controlling an error path in a feed-forward amplifier with a reduce dynamic range requirement.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 generally depicts a prior art feed-forward amplifier. FIG. 2 generally depicts a feed-forward amplifier having improved error path control in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 3 generally depicts an alternate embodiment of a feed-forward amplifier having improved error path control in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A feed-forward amplifier bases control of an error path within the feed-forward amplifier on an output signal after performing carrier cancellation to remove the carrier signal. The feed-forward amplifier implements couplers, a carrier cancellation gain /phase control block and a carrier cancellation delay block to cancel the carrier signal. By basing the control of the error path on a signal without the carrier signal, controlling of the error path does not suffer from the effects of high dynamic range presented by the carrier signal, thus improving overall control of the feed- forward amplifier.
Stated generally, a method of controlling an error path in a feed-forward amplifier is disclosed. The feed¬ forward amplifier includes both a main path and the error path and amplifies a carrier signal for transmission to a destination. By first canceling the carrier signal and then controlling the error path of the feed-forward amplifier based on the canceled carrier output signal, control of the feed-forward amplifier is improved. FIG. 2 generally depicts a feed-forward amplifier 200 having improved error path control in accordance with the invention. FIG. 2 has a substantial number of blocks in common with FIG. 1, and thus like blocks are identified with like numerals. Different from FIG. 1 is the addition of a means for canceling 207 the carrier signal, such means including the RF coupler 203, a carrier cancellation gain /phase control block 206, a carrier cancellation block 209 and another RF coupler 212. Note that in FIG. 2, the signal coupled off of the RF coupler 133 is not directly input into the means for controlling 216, but is instead input into the RF coupler 212. Via the RF coupler 203 in combination with the carrier cancellation gain/phase control block 206 and the carrier cancellation delay block 209, the signal 219 exiting the RF coupler 212 does not have the main component of the input signal (i.e., the carrier signal) therein. In fact, the signal exiting the RF coupler 212 has only an error signal therein. Since the main component of the input signal, which had the wide dynamic range, is no longer utilized for controlling the error path 123, the means for controlling 216 of FIG. 2 no longer suffers from the effects of a wide dynamic control signal as in the prior art. When the signal exiting the RF coupler 212 is input into the down converter 218 and the A/D 215, no adverse effects due to the control signal (in this case, signal 219) are experienced. As such, A/D converter 215 can be implemented as a much smaller A/D converter. For a -60 dBc type AMPS amplifier, an 8- bit converter can thus be implemented to provide improved control of the error path in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 3 generally depicts an alternate embodiment of a feed-forward amplifier having improved error path control in accordance with the invention. As shown in FIG. 3, a switchable attenuator 303 is implemented to disable the means for canceling 207 from the circuitry, thus allowing for easy identification of the desired carrier frequencies. By disabling the means for canceling 207 and switching the attenuator 303 via the switch 306, the desired carriers will be much larger than the IM products and thus easily identifiable for use in subsequent intermodulation (IM) product determination. With this information, the location of the undesired IM products are then determined to aid in their identification when the means for canceling 207 is enabled back into the feed-forward amplifier 300 during normal operation.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a particular embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In fact, the invention can be implemented with virtually any error path control method that uses the error portion of the output signal, including methods that do not digitize the output signal with an A/D converter as described above.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or acts for performing the functions in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of improving error path control in a feed¬ forward amplifier, the feed-forward amplifier having a main path and the error path and amplifying a carrier signal for transmission to a destination, the method comprising the steps of:
canceling the carrier signal from a signal output from the feed-forward amplifier to produce a control signal; and controlling the error path of the feed-forward amplifier based on the control signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the error path further comprises controlling the amplitude and phase of an input error signal.
3. An apparatus for improving error path control in a feed-forward amplifier, the feed-forward amplifier having a main path and the error path and amplifying a carrier signal for transmission to a destination, the apparatus comprising:
means for canceling the carrier signal from a signal output from the feed-forward amplifier to produce a control signal; and means for controlling the error path of the feed¬ forward amplifier based on the control signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for canceling the carrier signal further comprises, in series, a first radio frequency (RF) coupler, a carrier cancellation gain/phase control block, a carrier cancellation delay block and a second RF coupler.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for controlling the error path of the feed-forward amplifier based on the control signal further comprises a downconverter and an analog- to-digital (A/D) converter.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the analog-to- digital (A/D) converter further comprises, at most, an 8-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter.
7. A feed-forward amplifier for use in a wireless communication system, the feed-forward amplifier comprising:
a main path for amplifying an input signal having a carrier signal and an error signal; an error path, coupled to the main path, for adjusting the error signal; a carrier cancellation block, having as an input a signal output from the feed-forward amplifier, for canceling the carrier signal from the signal output from the feed-forward amplifier to produce a control signal; and a controller, coupled to the carrier cancellation block, for controlling the error path utilizing the control signal.
8. The feed-forward amplifier of claim 7, wherein the controller for controlling the error path further comprises a controller for controlling the amplitude and phase of an error signal input into the error path.
9. The feed-forward amplifier of claim 7, wherein the controller further comprises a downconverter and an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter having, at most, 8-bit resolution.
10. A feed-forward amplifier for use in a wireless communication system, the feed-forward amplifier comprising:
a main path for amplifying an input signal having a carrier signal and an error signal; an error path, coupled to the main path, for adjusting the error signal; a carrier cancellation block for canceling the carrier signal from a signal output from the feed-forward amplifier to produce a control signal; a switch, having as inputs the signal output from the feed-forward amplifier and the control signal, for disabling the carrier cancellation block to aid in identification of the carrier for subsequent intermodulation (IM) product determination and for enabling the carrier cancellation block to aid in control of the error path; and a controller for controlling the error path utilizing the control signal when the carrier cancellation block is enabled by the switch.
PCT/US1997/002367 1996-05-17 1997-02-13 Error path control for feed-forward amplifier WO1997044894A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9542314A JPH11509716A (en) 1996-05-17 1997-02-13 Method and apparatus for improving the error path control of a forward amplifier
EP97907638A EP0839405A1 (en) 1996-05-17 1997-02-13 Error path control for feed-forward amplifier
AU19595/97A AU1959597A (en) 1996-05-17 1997-02-13 Error path control for feed-forward amplifier

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US64935796A 1996-05-17 1996-05-17
US08/649,357 1996-05-17

Publications (1)

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WO1997044894A1 true WO1997044894A1 (en) 1997-11-27

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EP (1) EP0839405A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11509716A (en)
KR (1) KR19990022835A (en)
AU (1) AU1959597A (en)
CA (1) CA2227313A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997044894A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6456160B1 (en) 1999-09-01 2002-09-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Feedforward amplifier

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4389618A (en) * 1981-04-15 1983-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Adaptive feed-forward system
GB2167256A (en) * 1984-11-17 1986-05-21 Racal Communications Equip Feedforward amplifiers
US5485120A (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-01-16 Aval Communications Inc. Feed-forward power amplifier system with adaptive control and control method
US5570063A (en) * 1995-05-18 1996-10-29 Spectrian, Inc. RF power amplifier with signal predistortion for improved linearity

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4389618A (en) * 1981-04-15 1983-06-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Adaptive feed-forward system
GB2167256A (en) * 1984-11-17 1986-05-21 Racal Communications Equip Feedforward amplifiers
US5485120A (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-01-16 Aval Communications Inc. Feed-forward power amplifier system with adaptive control and control method
US5570063A (en) * 1995-05-18 1996-10-29 Spectrian, Inc. RF power amplifier with signal predistortion for improved linearity

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6456160B1 (en) 1999-09-01 2002-09-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Feedforward amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR19990022835A (en) 1999-03-25
AU1959597A (en) 1997-12-09
EP0839405A1 (en) 1998-05-06
JPH11509716A (en) 1999-08-24
CA2227313A1 (en) 1997-11-27

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