WO1998000807A1 - Method and apparatus for scanning of transform coefficients - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for scanning of transform coefficients Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998000807A1 WO1998000807A1 PCT/US1997/011351 US9711351W WO9800807A1 WO 1998000807 A1 WO1998000807 A1 WO 1998000807A1 US 9711351 W US9711351 W US 9711351W WO 9800807 A1 WO9800807 A1 WO 9800807A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- coefficient
- entropy
- coefficients
- zones
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/129—Scanning of coding units, e.g. zig-zag scan of transform coefficients or flexible macroblock ordering [FMO]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/14—Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/18—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a set of transform coefficients
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to video/image compression and, more particularly, to coding of transform coefficients.
- Video systems are known to include a plurality of communication devices and communication channels, which provide the communication medium for the communication devices.
- the communication channel may be wire line connections or radio frequency, RF, carriers.
- RF radio frequency
- To increase the efficiency of the video system video that needs to be communicated over the communication medium is digitally compressed. Digital compression reduces the number of bits needed to represent the video while maintaining perceptual quality of the video. The reduction in bits allows more efficient use of channel bandwidth and reduces storage requirements.
- each communication device may include an encoder and a decoder.
- the encoder allows a communication device to compress video before transmission over a communication channel.
- the decoder enables the communication device to receive compressed video from a communication channel and render it visible.
- Communication devices that may use digital video compression include television transmitters and receivers, cable television transmitters and receivers, video telephones, computers and portable radios.
- ITU International Telecommunications Union
- ITU-T Recommendation H.263+ and H.263/L International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Committee
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of steps of a method of encoding in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of steps of a method of decoding in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a device in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of scanning order as is known in the H.261 , H.263, MPEG-1 , and MPEG-2.
- FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of scanning order in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graphic representation of the average power of the scanned coefficients in each zone in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention is a method and an apparatus for scanning the transform coefficients in a video/image compression system.
- For scanning first, a predetermined number of quantized transform coefficients are received. Second, the quantized transform coefficients are separated into a predetermined number of disjoint coefficient zones whose coefficients are more statistically dependent within a zone than across zones. Third, the coefficients in each zone are scanned in a predetermined order giving a generally decreasing average power. Then a first entropy encoder encodes which coefficient zone has at least one non-zero coefficient to provide entropy encoded information bits.
- each coefficient zone with nonzero coefficients its coefficients are encoded by an entropy encoder selected from a plurality of entropy encoder selected by a predetermined scheme to provide entropy encoded information bits.
- the information bits from the first entropy encoder and the entropy encoders are multiplexed together in a predetermined order to form the final entropy encoded information bits.
- This invention may be used with a compression algorithm that processes a picture into two-dimensional blocks of quantized transform coefficients with predetermined transform sizes. Each block is then divided into a plurality of zones. The coefficients in each zone are scanned into a one-dimensional array in a predetermined order giving generally decreasing average power.
- the two-dimensional array of quantized transform coefficients are scanned into a plurality of one-dimensional array of coefficients zones as shown by the following example. For example, consider the two dimensional array of 8x8 quantized coefficients 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- zone-3 ⁇ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 ⁇
- zone-4 ⁇ 1,1,0,0,0,0 ⁇ .
- a variable length code is sent to indicate that zone-1, zone-2, zone-4 contain non-zero coefficients, and zone-3 consists entirely of zero coefficients. Then the coefficients in zone-1, zone-2, and zone-4 are entropy encoded separately.
- An example of the entropy encoders is the entropy encoders used in H.263 for coding transform coefficients.
- FIG. 1, numeral 100 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of steps of a method of encoding in accordance with the present invention.
- the first step in the encoding method is segregating a predetermined number of quantized transform coefficients into a plurality of coefficient zones and storing the coefficient zones in a memory unit
- the second step in the encoding method is examining, from the memory unit, each coefficient of each coefficient zone to determine which zone/zones has/have at least one non-zero coefficient (104).
- the third step in the encoding method is scanning each coefficient of each coefficient zone of the zones having at least one non-zero coefficient in a predetermined scanning order (106) giving, in general, decreasing average power.
- the fourth step in the encoding method is encoding, by a zone pattern entropy encoder, which coefficient zone contains at least one non-zero coefficient to provide first entropy- encoded information bits (108).
- the fifth step in the encoding method is determining whether at least one coefficient zone is to be encoded (110). If the coefficients are generated from a still picture or any of the coefficient is not zero, then at least one coefficient zone is to be encoded. Otherwise, none of the coefficient zone is to be encoded.
- the sixth and final step in the encoding method is encoding, where at least one coefficient zone is to be encoded, by the zone entropy encoder selected a priori from a plurality of zone entropy encoders based on a priori statistic of the coefficients in the coefficient zone being encoded, the coefficients of the non-zero coefficient zone to provide second entropy encoded information bits ( 112).
- FIG. 2, numeral 200 is a flowchart showing one embodiment of steps of a method of decoding in accordance with the present invention.
- the first step in the decoding method is decoding, by the zone pattern entropy decoder, the entropy-encoded information bits to identify which coefficient zone/zones contains only zero coefficients (202).
- the second step in the decoding method is storing the zero coefficients of the zone/zones containing only zero coefficients in a second memory unit (204).
- the third step in the decoding method is determining whether at least one coefficient zone is to be decoded (206). If the coefficients are generated from a still picture or the zone pattern indicates that at least one zone contains non-zero coefficient, then at least one coefficient zone is to be decoded.
- the forth and final step in the decoding method is decoding second entropy encoded information bits, where at least one coefficient zone is to be decoded, by the zone entropy decoder selected a priori from a plurality of zone entropy decoders to provide the coefficients of the non-zero coefficient zone/zones (208).
- FIG. 3, numeral 300 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a device in accordance with the present invention.
- the device comprises a first memory unit (204), a scan controller (206), a zone pattern entropy encoder (214), and a plurality of zone entropy encoders (216).
- the device further comprises a zone pattern entropy decoder (220) , a inverse scan controller (226), a plurality of zone entropy decoders (222) and a second memory unit (230).
- the quantized transform coefficients (202) are received and stored in the first memory unit (204).
- the zone pattern entropy decoder (202) coupled to receive entropy encoded information bits (218), for decoding the entropy-encoded information bits to identify which coefficient zone/zones contains/contain only zero coefficients.
- the inverse scan controller (226) coupled to the zone pattern entropy encoder (220), regenerates the zero coefficients of the zone/zones containing only zero coefficients and stores the regenerated zero coefficients (228) in the second memory unit (230), and decides a priori which coefficient zone is to be decoded by which entropy decoder of the plurality of zone entropy decoders (222).
- the zone entropy decoder/decoders (222), coupled to the inverse scan controller (226) and selectably coupled to receive the second entropy encoded information bits.
- the zone entropy decoder/decoders decode the second entropy encoded information bits to provide the coefficients of the non-zero coefficient zone/zones (232).
- FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of scanning order of quantized 8x8 DCT coefficient as is known in the H.261 , H.263, MPEG-1.
- the 8x8 DCT coefficients is illustrated by the two dimensional grid (402) in increasing horizontal frequency (408) from left to right and in increasing vertical frequency (406) from top to bottom.
- the quantized transform coefficients are scanned in a zig-zag order (404) to form a one-dimensional array of 64 coefficients generally in the order of decreasing average power.
- FIG. 5, numeral 500 is a graphic representation of scanning order of 8x8 quantized intra DCT coefficients in accordance with the present invention.
- the 8x8 intra DCT coefficients is illustrated by the two dimensional grid (502) in increasing horizontal frequency (410) from left to right and in increasing vertical frequency (508) from top to bottom.
- the quantized transform coefficients are scanned into DC and four disjoint AC zones (512, 514, 504, 506) to form four one- dimensional arrays of AC coefficients.
- FIG. 6, numeral 600 is a graphic representation of the average power (604) of the coefficients of each zone in the scanning order (602) in accordance with the present invention where the graph of the average power of zone- 1 (606) and zone-4 (608) are similar and distinctly higher than the graph of the average power of zone-2 (610) and zone-3 (612), where the average power of zone-2 and zone-3 are also.
- the present invention codes the quantized transform coefficients with less number of bits than the coding method used in H.261 , H.263, MPEG- 1 , and MPEG2.
- the present encodes the coefficients in each zone having similar statistics by a entropy encoder optimized for the local statistics of the coefficients in a zone while the single entropy encoder in each of H.261 , H.263, MPEG-1 , and MPEG-2, cannot be optimized for the local statistics of the coefficients.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97932383A EP0847565A4 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 1997-06-27 | Method and apparatus for scanning of transform coefficients |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/675,516 US5790706A (en) | 1996-07-03 | 1996-07-03 | Method and apparatus for scanning of transform coefficients |
US08/675,516 | 1996-07-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998000807A1 true WO1998000807A1 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
Family
ID=24710837
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/011351 WO1998000807A1 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 1997-06-27 | Method and apparatus for scanning of transform coefficients |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5790706A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0847565A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1197523A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998000807A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999005649A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Adaptive entropy encoding/decoding |
RU2446615C2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2012-03-27 | Квэлкомм Инкорпорейтед | Adaptive coefficient scanning for video coding |
WO2012088459A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Transform coefficient scan |
WO2013003743A1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Multiple zone scanning order for video coding |
US8447123B2 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2013-05-21 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for selecting a scan path for the elements of a block in spatial domain picture encoding and decoding |
US8571104B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-10-29 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Adaptive coefficient scanning in video coding |
US9338456B2 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2016-05-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Coding syntax elements using VLC codewords |
US9490839B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2016-11-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Variable length coding of video block coefficients |
US9516316B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2016-12-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | VLC coefficient coding for large chroma block |
US10306229B2 (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2019-05-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Enhanced multiple transforms for prediction residual |
US10623774B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2020-04-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Constrained block-level optimization and signaling for video coding tools |
US11323748B2 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2022-05-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Tree-based transform unit (TU) partition for video coding |
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KR100487989B1 (en) * | 1997-10-23 | 2005-05-09 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Image decoder and image encoder |
US6570924B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2003-05-27 | Interval Research Corp | Low cost video compression using fast, modified Z-coding of wavelet pyramids |
US6404931B1 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 2002-06-11 | Microsoft Corporation | Code book construction for variable to variable length entropy encoding |
US6300888B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-10-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Entrophy code mode switching for frequency-domain audio coding |
US6377930B1 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 2002-04-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Variable to variable length entropy encoding |
CN100391250C (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2008-05-28 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Asymptotic joint image expert group decoding device and method |
US6795584B2 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2004-09-21 | Nokia Corporation | Context-based adaptive variable length coding for adaptive block transforms |
KR20060009898A (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2006-02-01 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Encoding video information using block based adaptive scan order |
CN100405850C (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-07-23 | 凌阳科技股份有限公司 | Block decoding method and system capable of decoding and outputting longitudinally |
WO2006123913A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method for coding/decoding video data |
KR20060119736A (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-24 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for encoding video signal |
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TWI349487B (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2011-09-21 | Novatek Microelectronics Corp | Entropy encoding circuit and encoding method thereof |
US8000546B2 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2011-08-16 | National Cheng Kung University | Adaptive scan method for image/video coding |
US8391367B1 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2013-03-05 | Ambarella, Inc. | High performance context-adaptive video processor |
WO2011126759A1 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Sony Corporation | Optimal separable adaptive loop filter |
CN105847827B (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2019-03-08 | 索尼公司 | The complexity of availability graph code reduces |
EP2946552B1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2018-03-21 | BlackBerry Limited | Context determination for entropy coding of run-length encoded transform coefficients |
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- 1997-06-27 WO PCT/US1997/011351 patent/WO1998000807A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-27 EP EP97932383A patent/EP0847565A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999005649A1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Adaptive entropy encoding/decoding |
US8447123B2 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2013-05-21 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for selecting a scan path for the elements of a block in spatial domain picture encoding and decoding |
US8571104B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-10-29 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Adaptive coefficient scanning in video coding |
US8619853B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-12-31 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Separable directional transforms |
US8428133B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-04-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adaptive coding of video block prediction mode |
US9578331B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2017-02-21 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Separable directional transforms |
US8488668B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-07-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adaptive coefficient scanning for video coding |
US8520732B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-08-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adaptive coding of video block prediction mode |
RU2446615C2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2012-03-27 | Квэлкомм Инкорпорейтед | Adaptive coefficient scanning for video coding |
WO2012088459A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Transform coefficient scan |
US9490839B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2016-11-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Variable length coding of video block coefficients |
WO2013003743A1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Multiple zone scanning order for video coding |
US9445093B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2016-09-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Multiple zone scanning order for video coding |
US9516316B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2016-12-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | VLC coefficient coding for large chroma block |
US9338456B2 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2016-05-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Coding syntax elements using VLC codewords |
US10306229B2 (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2019-05-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Enhanced multiple transforms for prediction residual |
US10623774B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2020-04-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Constrained block-level optimization and signaling for video coding tools |
US11323748B2 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2022-05-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Tree-based transform unit (TU) partition for video coding |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0847565A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
CN1197523A (en) | 1998-10-28 |
US5790706A (en) | 1998-08-04 |
EP0847565A4 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
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