WO1998004156A1 - Dietetic one-to-one sugar substitute composition for table top, baking and cooking applications - Google Patents

Abstract

A low calorie, diabetic safe, water soluble, tooth friendly, synergistic sweetening composition containing intense sweeteners; bulk sweeteners; a small amount of simple sugar sweeteners to help with the browning of the baked food products; anti-flatulent agents used to help to break up the gas created as the polysaccharides metabolized by the intestinal microflora; and flavoring agents. The present invention is very stable under processing conditions including heat, pH, and moisture. The composition is a one-to-one substitution for granulated sugars, brown sugars, and powdered sugars. The sweetening composition can be used in all types of 'ingestible food'. These ingestible foods retain their sweetness, appearance, texture and good taste when compared to food preparations made with regular granulated, brown and powdered sugar.

Description

DIETETIC ONE-TO-ONE SUGAR SUBSTITUTE COMPOSITION FOR TABLE TOP, BAKING AND COOKING APPLICATIONS

1 TECHNICAL FIELD

2 This application claims priority from U.S. application serial number 08/687,894 filed

3 July 26, 1996, and currently pending with the U.S. Patent Office.

4 This invention is for one-to-one sugar replacement compositions that can replace

5 granulated sugars, brown sugars and powdered sugars.

6

7 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

8 The need to control weight because of obesity and other health relate problems are well

9 known. Common sugar (sucrose) has four calories per gram and is associated in foods that

ιo are typically high in calories. Sugar is probably the most important ingredient in the

i i confectionery and baking industry with fat being a close second. Consumers with endocrine

12 disorders such as diabetes mellitus are advised to follow a strict diet staying away from sugar

13 and to eat low fat. Diabetes is often controlled by a diet, and two aspects are of significant

14 importance: 1) control of intake of carbohydrates influencing the blood glucose and insulin

15 levels, and 2) control of the total calorie intake. In the past, the consumer who had to eat

16 sugar free foods had to limit ti eir diet to include only foods that were naturally low in sugar

17 or to use the intense sweeteners and other sugar sweeteners available in the marketplace. The

18 desire for a diabetic individual to be able to bake, cook and eat foods normally high in sugar

19 such as rich bakery products is well known. However, these rich baked foods have been

20 prohibited because of the high amount of sugar and fat that they contain. A "diabetic safe"

1 sweetener is a sweetening agent that when ingested by a diabetic person does not significantly raise their glucose and insulin levels in the blood. The search for a low calorie, diabetic safe

sugar replacement used in these types of food products has been illusive.

Applicant defines the term "ingestible" to include all ingredients and compositions

which are used by or which perform a function in the body. These include ingredients and

compositions which are absorbed and those which are not absorbed as well as those that are

digested and not digested. Applicant defines the term "low calorie" to mean ^l the calories or

less of the ingestible food it is substituting. The present invention has ^l ι the calories or less

of sucrose. "One-to-one" substitution is the term used to replace an ingredient in ingestible

foods with the same amount of another ingredient used to replace it. This substitution is either

in weight measurement or volume measurement— for example, cup for cup, pound for pound,

etc. The term "natural' is meant to mean to exist or caused by nature. Example, an ingredient

can be naturally found in plants. Applicant defines the term "water soluble" to mean the

amount of that particular ingredient that will go into a solution in water and as the temperature

of the water rises, the amount of the ingredient capable of being dissolved in a given amount

of water also increases. "Bulk sweeteners" can include both polysaccharides and

oligosaccharides. "Polysaccharide" is defined as a carbohydrate containing eleven or more

saccharide units joined with the elimination of a molecule of water at each point of linkage.

"Oligosaccharide" is defined as a carbohydrate consisting of two to ten monosaccharides joined

by the elimination of water. It is smaller than a polysaccharide and less prominent in foods.

A variety of intense sweeteners have been available to the consumer to be used in

ingestible food compositions. However, the intense sweeteners available have been lacking

in several aspects. First, they have lacked the bulk necessary to substitute in a one-to-one basis

in recipes. If a cup of sugar was taken out of a cake recipe and replaced by a small amount 1 of intense sweetener or at best, partial bulk of the original sugar, the cake simply did not turn

2 out with a comparable texture, taste, appearance or overall appeal of the regular sugar cake.

3 In the past the intense sweeteners and bulk sweeteners could only be used successfully if each

4 ingestible food product was altered and adjusted to compensate for the loss of bulk in a recipe.

5 The novice cook was unable to do such alterations on every recipe and in all types of foods.

6 Even in the commercial field today, each recipe has to be adjusted with a variety of bulk

7 sweeteners and intense sweeteners. Usually the sweeteners, both bulk and intense, are changed

8 with each type of food or recipe. It is the common practice of making one recipe or food

9 preparation low calorie. This makes the sweeteners or sweetening compositions very limiting

10 in their use. There have been no suitable sweetening compositions that could be used in all

l i types of foods as a complete sugar replacement and under all types of use including table top

12 use, baking, cooking, and mixing situations.

13 Second, most of the intense sweeteners available lose their sweetness under heat.

14 Aspartame is a water soluble, dipeptide intense sweetener 200 times sweeter than sugar. It is

15 a protein made from the natural amino acids L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine and is

16 digested like any other protein and is fully metabolized by the body. Because aspartame's

17 sweetening power is so intense, only small amounts are needed for most applications. A

18 similar product has been marketed under the name of Nutritsweet and it states on its label mat

19 it is not recommended to be used under heat and baking conditions, and if possible add the

20 aspartame after cooking. This intense sweetener is very unstable under heat, pH conditions

21 (including aldehydes), ketones of cinnamon flavor and moisture. Many patents have been

22 issued in the pursuit of making this dipeptide sweetener more stable. The encapsulating of

23 aspartame is one of the more popular versions. In this encapsulation aspartame is usually covered in a wax, fat or other coating after being prepared in several manners. U.S. Patent

No. 5,043,169 is one such aspartame encapsulating patent. This patent is the tableting process

of a composition including aspartame, carbohydrates including polydextrose. Additional sweeteners may be chosen from die following non-limiting lists: sugars, such as glucose (corn

syrup), sucrose, dextrose, invert sugar, fructose, aspartame, non-fermentable sugar substitutes,

and acesulfame-K. Again the combination of these ingredients is not meant to be a sugar

substitute to be used in baking and cooking. The tendency now is to use aspartame in the

foods and drinks that do not experience the heat, moisture and change of pH. Also, many

times aspartame is added to an ingestible food or drink with other more stable intense and bulk

sweeteners on an individual recipe basis. Public approval seems to be shifting to the negative perception of the use aspartame. Many consumers claim to stay away from foods containing

it because of the rumors heard. When used in the present invention, the level of aspartame is

kept low because of the synergistic effect between the intense sweeteners and the bulking sweeteners and agents. The amount used is lower than if used by itself. Acesulfame-K is a known stable intense sweetener that is also 200 times sweeter than

sugar, water soluble, tooth friendly and diabetic safe which has been used in many food

products. It is not metabolized and therefore, non-caloric. It has been known for its strong bitter taste. U.S. Patent No. 5, 106,632 assigned to Warner-Lambert Company discloses an

acesulfame-K containing composition used in sour chewing gum exhibiting enhanced sweetness

having one or more food grade acids, including acesulfame-K and potassium chloride. They

claim the composition can be used in edible food such as a cake, cookie, or otiier baked products, but again would have to be adjusted for every recipe because of lack in bulk and

sweetness. In this patent it is definitely not a one-to-one replacement for 100% of the sugar. In U.S. Patent No. 4,382,963, Klose discloses a sugar free, low calorie chewing gum utilizing

spray dried polydextrose as the bulking agent and sweetening with either fructose, aspartame,

sugar alcohols, or acesulfame-K, etc. U.S. Patent No. 4,983,405 is another patent issued in

the goal of making low calorie and sugar free gums using intense sweeteners, bulk sweeteners,

fructose, and glucose (corn syrup), etc. U.S. Patent No. 5,342,631, assigned to Wm. Wrigley

Jr. Co. , discloses a patent for use in some petroleum wax-free gums using high intensity

sweeteners represented by, but not limited to sucralose, aspartame, stevioside, acesulfame-K,

alitame, saccharin and its salts, cyclamic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones,

thaumatin, monellin, and the like. It also includes non-cariogenic oligosaccharides, and

flavors. This patent specifies using these combinations of ingredients in the petroleum wax-

free gum only. U.S. Patent No. 5,098,730 by Tammy Pepper discloses a reduced calorie,

non-carcinogenic sweetener of xylitol and a reduced calorie bulking agent. Acesulfame-K is

listed as a possible intense sweetener that could possibly be added to the invention.

Additionally, several prior patents have disclosed a synergistic action between other groups of

intense sweeteners such as a cesulfame-K. The U.S. Patent No. 4,495, 170 provides

synergistic compositions containing a mixture of sweetening agents; the list includes

saccharine, steviodise, acesulfame-K or other bitter tasting sweetening agents, with at least one

sweet chlorodeoxysugar sweetener selected from die group consisting of chlorodeoxysucrose

and chlorodeoxygalactosucdrose.

The criterion of finding natural intense sweeteners is also lacking in the above patents.

The goal of being able to make a natural sweetening composition has been very difficult using

the intense sweeteners on the market. One natural intense sweetener is thaumatin, the sweetest

natural substance known to man, the brand name being Talin. The protein thaumatin is found in the Katemfe plant of Thaumatococcus Daniellii grown in the hot humid forests of West

Africa. The formulation with gum arabic helps make it more stable in use with colors, fruit

juices, and with its tendency to interact with xanthin gum, pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose,

carrageenan, guar gum, locust bean gum or alginate under higher temperatures. Prior art

using thaumatin or talin as an intense sweetener includes U.S. Patent No. 4,983,405, A REDUCED AND LOW CALORIE SUGAR AND SUGARLESS CHEWING GUM COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING FIBER. It lists Talin as one of the group that can be used

as the sweetener in chewing gum. U.S. Patent No. 5,342,631 also lists the use of thaumatin

or Talin as one of the high intensity sweeteners that can be used in the petroleum wax-free

chewing gum. U.S. Patent No. 5,059,428, Synergistic Sweetening Compositions Containing

Polydextrose and a Chlorodexoxysugar and Methods for Preparing Same discloses possibly

using talin as an intense sweetener in gum and in a sweetening composition with limited

applications.

Another natural intense sweetener not approved yet by FDA in the U.S. at the present

time is alitame. It is heat stable and 2000-3000 times sweeter than sucrose with no aftertaste.

It is very stable under heat, pH, moisture and strong flavors.

The goal of making this invention as close to all natural as possible was important. The

bulking ingredients in our preferred formula's 1 and 1A are all natural. This invention is to

be used as a tool for those groups of people that have the need this invention solves. The

invention needs to be as natural and safe as possible.

Third, even if d e intense sweeteners could be baked, the aftertaste in the food product

is not desirable. One complaint heard very often was d at the intense sweeteners have a

definite unpleasant aftertaste when used in food compositions. The need for a synergist sweetener that has a real sugar taste is apparent. The public conception of intense sweeteners

is clouded with their past experiences of intense sweeteners having a strong aftertaste with such

limited applications.

Fourth, the need for a low calorie sugar is well known. See Table 1 for a comparison

between intense sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, sweeteners.

TABLE 1

SWEETENERS (SUGARS), INTENSE SWEETENERS, AND BULK

SWEETENERS CHART

This bulk sweetener is tooth friendly. Any breakdown by bacteria in the mouth is so slow that there is no resultant tooth decay.

The present invention is "low calorie" which means to have ^lA the calories or less of

sucrose. To make the present invention low or reduced calorie, bulk sweeteners have to have less than the four calories per gram found in regular carbohydrates. The bulk sweeteners must

be diabetic safe by not significantly raising the glucose and insulin levels in the blood. The

search for bulk sweeteners falling within this category is very limited. Intense sweeteners are

substances which are usually at least 40-3000 times as sweet as sucrose. The quantities of the

intense sweeteners used are in such small quantities even if they did contain four calories per

gram, the overall effect is minimal in calorie contribution and thus diabetic safe. Bulk

sweeteners usually are less sweet than sucrose giving some added sweetness, bulk and texture

to ingestible foods. The groups of bulk sweeteners available with fewer calories and diabetic

safe usually fall into the category of polysaccharides. This group of bulk sweeteners is neither

hydrolyzed nor absorbed in the small intestine. Thus, they reach almost unchanged into the

lower bowel area. In the large intestine, the polysaccharides are fermented by the intestinal

micro flora. They are metabolized into volatile fatty acids, CO2, and H2. Togedier with the

increase in biomass this requires 50% or more of the available energy. The fatty acids are

absorbed and metabolized further in the body resulting in an energy value of less than four

calories per gram, usually falling within two calories per gram or less. This type of

metabolism is in many ways similar to that of dietary fiber. These oligosaccharides and

polysaccharides are metabolized independently of insulin and only contributes less than the

calories of normal carbohydrates. In fact this makes them ideal for the diabetic person, who

must not only watch the consumption of sugar but also the consumption the number of starches

and sugars (carbohydrates) in d eir diet. Because of d e way diese carbohydrates are fermented,

the diabetic individual does not have to count them as normal carbohydrates.

These bulk sweeteners are also known to be tooth friendly. "Tooth friendly" means

that the oral bacteria cannot convert the polysaccharides into sugar and thus keep the pH in the mouth from falling below 5.7 as does sucrose. These polysaccharides are poorly utilized by

streptococcus mutans, an organism found in die human mouth which form's plaque and acids.

One key to die streptococcus mutans failure to work is associated with a higher pH level that

is in the human mouth during d e time of eating diese polysaccharides. Sugars normally lower

the pH level while being metabolized in the human mouth thus providing the ideal pH setting

to allow the streptococcus mutans to work in the best environment leading to caries. The prior

art uses these polysacchrides as a bulking agent used in situations of reduced sweetening and

reduced fat applications as partial replacements, especially in the art of creating low calorie,

sugar free gums.

One of the major problems associated with the use of polysaccharides in a complete

sugar substitute is the need to keep the levels or percentages by weight low in the synergistic

sweetening composition if they have a lower acceptable daily intake (ADI). The major effects

of increased levels of polysaccharides are softer stool, diarrhea and flatulence. Some

polysaccharides acceptable for use in this type of application frequently have an ADI. Bo

the Joint Expert Committee for Foods (EEC, 1984) have evaluated and set the (ADI) 'not

specified' . This ADI is set up as a guide to tell us how much can be eaten daily without

causing the laxative effects except in sensitive individuals. As a result these polysaccharides

have to be monitored to make sure that they are not eaten in large quantities especially in one

sitting.

The bulk sweeteners or at least a portion of them must have similar physical properties

of sugar. The bulk sweeteners including polysaccharides and oligosaccharides come in either

crystalline, powdered or granulated forms. The present invention can use these bulk

sweeteners in the powdered form, in the crystalline form, in the granulated form or mixtures thereof. The other requirements are that they are soluble in water, heat stable, able to

withstand changes in pH, have no aftertaste and hopefully have the same viscosity of that of

sugar solutions. The boiling point and freezing point depression of these bulk sweeteners need

to be the same or very similar to sucrose. The water activity of some bulk sweeteners influence

product microbial stability and freshness; thus it is wise to pick one with similar molecular

weight as close to sucrose. Picking the bulk ingredients that were natural and at least one of

them to actually contribute soluble dietary fiber (so lacking in Western diets) was also

important in the final criteria. In the prior art of the other patents using polysaccharides and

oligosaccharides as bulk sweetener or bulking agents, no disclosures were made using all die

criteria for choosing the correct bulking sweeteners. There have been no patents identified that included the need to monitor the bulking ingredients for ADI, the need to include bulk

sweeteners with sucrose physical characteristics to achieve success in me problem area of

baking and cooking, the need to invent a sugar replacement for brown sugar, and no mention

of simple sugars to help d e browning effect of baked products. The bulk sweeteners used most often in the present invention are listed with references

to prior art. Maltitol is a polyol alcohol with many characteristics of sugar (sucrose). It is

derived from maltose. It has an ADI of 100 grams per day which is a very high ADI for a

polyol alcohol. Maltitol also comes in a crystalline form which is .90 times as sweet as sucrose and makes it an ideal for use as a sugar substitute. It has three kcal/gram which is slightly

higher in calories than some of the other sugar alcohols but when used together with the lower

calorie bulk sweeteners it still helps reduce the overall kcal/g in me present invention. It is diabetic safe and tooth friendly. The calories are slightly higher than that of lactitol, but the

ADI is five times higher making it better when you look at the laxative and flatulent side 1 effects. Lactitol was discovered in 1920 and has been available commercially since the early

2 1980's. It is a disaccharide sugar alcohol produced commercially by the catalytic

3 hydrogenation of lactose. Further purification by crystallization (monohydrate) and further

4 processing ensures very high purity and flowability. It is 0.3 to 0.4 times as sweet as sucrose

5 and has a caloric value of only two kcals per gram. Its ADI has been assigned at 20 grams per

6 day, thus limiting the amount of lactitol that can be added in a sugar substitute.

7 The prior art listing lactitol and maltitiol as a bulk sweetener in different applications

8 is well known. Lactitol in me past has been used mainly in chewing gum applications because

9 of the small amount needed. In the sugarless or low calorie gum patents listed above, they

10 list polyol alcohol as a form of a bulk sweetener that can be used, and sometimes they are

i i listed by name. U.S. Patent No. 5,043,169 discloses a stabilized dipeptide sweetening

12 composition useful in chewing gum applications. This composition includes an encapsulated

13 intense dipeptide sweetener wherein said inert material is selected from the group consisting

14 of polyols, calcium phosphates, carbohydrates and mixtures thereof and wherein said polyol

15 is selected from the group consisting of mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, sorbitol and mixtures

16 thereof. U.S. Patent No. 5,098,730 by Tammy Pepper uses xylitol and a reduced calorie

17 bulking agent in a reduced calorie, non-carcinogenic sweetener. Xylitol is a polyol alcohol

18 but has a strong burning aftertaste especially used in larger quantities and it also is not a

19 reduced calorie sweetener. It has the four kcal/ gram as does sucrose. Again U.S. Patent No.

20 5, 106,632 ENHANCED SWEETNESS OF ACESULFAME-K IN EDIBLE COMPOSITIONS

21 discloses that the composition of the invention can be used in certain foods including a baked

22 product such as a cake or cookie. The preferred products that employ the invention

23 compositions are chewing gum and confectionery products. It also says that the composition of the invention can be in association with suitable non-toxic carriers. These carriers can

include lactitol, polysaccharides such as polydextrose, and others. It tries to include every and

any combination, yet does not tell how to do this, and thus every type of food, recipe or

possible use would have to be formulated separately to match the food use.

U.S. Patent No. 5,342,631 discloses the petroleum wax-free chewing gum containing

special non-cariogenic oligosaccharides, sweeteners, and flavors. These non-cariogenic

oligosaccharides are preferably low calorie and act as binders when formulated in the wax-free

gums.

Claim 42 states:

The petroleum wax-free chewing gum of claim 22 wherein: a) the sweetener comprises a mixture of a high intensity sweetener at least 20 times sweeter than sucrose and at least one sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, hydrogenated isomaltulose and hydrogenated starch hydrolysate: b) the binder system comprises at least one non-cariogenic oligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of indigestible dextrins, polydextroses, oligofructoses, isomalturlose oligosaccharides, and fructoligosaccharides, said oligosaccharides or their blends, being present in the binder system at between about 40 weight percent to about 90 percent of the total binder system.

But again it is in a chewing gum in very small amounts, not in a sugar used to replace

sugar in a one-to-one substitution in all types of ingestible foods.

The bulk sweetener polydextrose is well known in the art of replacement partially for

sugar or fat in food products. It is a water soluble, low calorie, non-cariogenic bulk sweetener.

Polydextrose can be bought in several forms that all contain quantities of unreacted monomers,

such as glucose, sorbitol, as well as citric acid. Improved polydextrose is a randomly bonded

condensation polymer of D-glucose with some bound sorbitol and citric acid. It is substantially

free of certain low molecular weight organic acids (pH 3-4). Removal of these low molecular weight organic acids has helped to eliminate the bad taste that has been known to be associated

widi polydextroses. Many patents issued have centered on the basis of masking the off taste

so associated with polydextrose. It is found in a granulated powder that has an odorless,

bland taste and a one kcal/gram low caloric value. The bland taste of improved polydextrose

makes it necessary to use intense sweeteners, and the common art of using it with other bulk

sweeteners in the area of sweeteners is well known. In the area of fat replacements it also

needs flavorings, additional fat, and other bulk sweeteners conductive to fat replacing. It has

an ADI of 90 grams per day which makes it more acceptable as a bulk sweetener to help

lower the side effects of the lower amounts used of the lower ADI ingredients. The other

benefit is that it is lower in cost than the inulin, lactitol or maltitol which is the reason for its

inclusion as a portion of the total bulk of the present invention. The overall cost of this

synergistic sugar replacement is important in me view of marketing it and the fact that

customers need to be able to afford to use it. It has been recommended by a large

manufacturer of improved polydextrose to not replace more than 40% of the sugar in a baked

recipe (such as cookies, cakes, pastries, etc.) using this bulk sweetener. Some of the

previously listed U.S. patents using polydextrose as a possible bulk sweetener are: U.S.

Patent No. 5,342,631 used in chewing gum, U.S. Patent No. 5, 106,632 in chewing gum, U.S.

Patent No. 5,098,730 in a dietetic sweetening composition, U.S. Patent No. 5,043, 169 in a

stabilized sweetener composition useful in chewing gum applications, U.S. Patent No.

4,983,405 possibly can use it in a sugar-free, low calorie chewing gum, and U.S. Patent No.

5,059,428 uses this synergistic sweetening composition in chewing gum, some confectionery

compositions, beverages, and die like. It does not work in all types of food applications as a

complete sugar substitute. U.S. Patent No. 5,082,671 discloses using polydextrose as the sole soluble bulking agent in a gum base. U.S. Patent No. 5,098,730 discloses using polydextrose

as a preferred polymer type of bulking agent in sugar free boiled hard candies preferably with

intense sweeteners added before or after die cooking of the candy. Again this is not a one-to-

one sugar substitution in all ingestible foods. This patent uses it in one type of food, boiled

hard candies. U.S. Patent No. 5,236,720 discloses a sugar-free, low calorie chewing gum

utilizing polydextrose as die sole bulking agent. It also lists using a minor amount of one bulk

sweetener selected from the group consisting of polydextrose, sugar, sugar alcohols and

mixtures thereof. Again this is not a one-to-one sugar substitution in all ingestible foods.

This patent uses it in one type of food, boiled hard candies. Oligosaccharides are bulk sweetener which includes inulin derived by means of hot

water extraction of chicory root a natural fructooligosaccharide (a 100% vegetable product).

Inulin provides a synergist sweetening composition that is low calorie content with high dietary

fiber using ingredients of natural origin and composition. Inulin has several bulk sweetening properties of sugar including excellent taste and synergistic properties. Inulin contributes

several physiological properties and provides many surprising and unique beneficial health

effects. These health benefits which are published by Imperial - Suiker Unie include: 1)

reduced fecal pH; 2) modification of fecal micro flora (bifidogenic effect); 3) altered

metabolism of bile acid; 4) reduction in toxic metabolites; 5) enhanced stool bulk and weight;

6) accelerated stool transit; 7) reduction in constipation; 8) increased colon mucosal weight;

9) reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides; 10) reduced hepatic cholesterol and

triglycerides; 11) reduced low density lipoprotein (LDL), increase in HDL/LDL ratio; 12)

reduced blood pressure of elderly hyperlipemic people; 13) normalized blood glucose and

serum lipids; 14) improves derangement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetics; 15) improved mineral absorption (Ca + 2, Mg+2, Fe+2, PO4-3); and 16) a potential source of

energy in patients exhibiting malabsoφtion disorders. On the way to the digestive tract there

is no breakdown of inulin by endogenous enzymes. This qualifies inulin as a solitary dietary

fiber which possesses highly distinguishing properties such as an extremely low energy value.

One kcal/gram of inulin has no ADI limits as do the other bulk sweeteners. Prior art using

fructooligosaccharides are very limited and most of them use fructoligosaccharides in low fat

applications. Inlin has a great tendency to absorb up to 1.5 times its weight. This can cause

a negative effect if used as the only bulk sweetener in a 100% sugar replacement.

The U.S. Patent No. 5,342,631 lists a binder system possibly containing

fructoligosaccharides in gum. U.S. Patent No. 5, 169,671 , FOOD CONTAINING

FRUCTOSE POLYMER discloses using polyfructan, as a replacement in part or the

whole for gelation materials, low calorie sugars and /or oils and fats. The patent uses the

polyfructan as the necessary mass and volume bulking agent and also states that the food

incorporating polyfructan may also contain a sweetener having a high degree of sweetness,

i.e. , aspartame. Low calorie baked products are named as a food that can be used. The

patent doesn't state whether it is the fat replacement used in these foods or me sugar

replacement. It is well known that aspartame does not bake well, nor does it do well under

heat, ph. , and moisture plus other facts listed above in the intense sweetener section. In

the examples 10-17 given in the body of this patent, the baked food items used this

invention to replace the shortening. Examples 24 & 25 used less sugar but the invention

did not replace 100% of the sugar. Using only aspartame and a polyfructan, the sweetness

would not be sufficient due to the loss of sweetness after baking to replace the sugar 100% . i Also each food had to be adjusted on a recipe basis as required when using the other

2 compositions listed under the prior art above.

3 International Patent Publication # WO 93/02566, REDUCED CALORIE

4 CHOCOLATE CONFECTIONERY COMPOSITIONS, by De Soete, J. discloses an

5 invention of a reduced calorie chocolate confectionery composition which possibly may

6 also have a reduced digestible fat content. The sugar is wholly and partially replaced by a

7 product selected from the group consisting of inulin, branched inulin, linear

8 fructoligosaccharides, branched fructoligosaccharides or a mixture thereof, with possibly a

9 high intensity sweetener. It does list several bulking sweeteners that could possibly be

ιo added. This patent limits itself to chocolate confectionery compositions and not a sugar

i i replacement for other foods.

12 The simple sugars found in inulin include naturally occurring mono and di-

13 saccharide including fructose, sucrose and glucose. Inulin can be produced without the

14 simple sugar fraction. This inulin has been shown to cause less flatulent gas that the inulin

15 with the sugar fraction. Additional fructose can be added to help with the browning of

16 baked ingestible foods. Fructose is a mono-saccharide that is 1 Vi times sweeter than

17 sugar. It is commonly known as the sugar found in fruit. It is a carbohydrate that has four

18 kcal/gram and is typically formulated in diabetic foods because it is absorbed only very

19 slowly by passive transport or facilitated diffusion in the intestinal lumen, thus not

20 contributing significantly to a blood sugar effect. These simple sugar components of the

21 present invention are at concentrations that are relatively small as compared to the weight

22 percentages of the inulin and the weight percentages of the bulk sweeteners in the present

23 invention. The compositions simple sugar effects of die blood sugar are very minor, if not negligible. In addition to their relatively small concentration, studies have shown through

mediation effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFA's), produced from inulin fermentation in

the stomach, inulin also reduces blood sugar effects of digestible carbohydrates, like

sucrose and glucose, thus improving glucose tolerance. The amount of simple sugars is

intentionally kept low. It is so low in fact that when the present invention is added to

yeast dough, there is not enough sugar to feed the yeast for proper raising of the dough.

In the case of yeast doughs, it is necessary to use some additional sugar to feed the yeast.

Breads and rolls have been typically low in sugar anyway and have not been a problem for

diabetics to eat in controlled portions. The prior art using fructose as a sweetener is well

documented, but the only use of fructose in our invention is browning puφoses of baked

food products. U.S. Patents using simple sugars in this browning manner have not been

located.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains to a substitute for granulated sugars, brown sugars, and

powdered sugars achieved by combining one or more intense sweeteners; two or more bulk

sweeteners that include at least one oligosaccharide high in dietary fiber and bifidobacteria

promoting; a small amounts of simple sugar sweeteners to help with the browning of the

baked food products; anti-flatulent agents used to help to break up the gas created as the

polysaccharides are metabolized by the intestinal micro flora; and flavoring agents. The sugar

substitute is very stable under processing conditions including heat, pH, moisture, (including

aldehydes), and ketones of cinnamon flavor and is a one-to-one substitution for granulated

sugars, brown sugars, and powdered sugars. The preparation and processing of this composition are very stable and not limited to

heat, varying degrees of pH and moisture conditions. The composition will not significantly

increase the glucose and insulin levels in the blood and is called "diabetic safe." This

composition is formed whereby stable ingestible food is made having reduced calories, being

diabetic safe, and having other health promoting benefits including the addition of soluble

dietary fiber. These ingestible food products can include beverages, confectioneries including

chocolates and candies, bakery items, main dishes, pharmaceutical products, salad dressings,

frozen confectionery products, dairy products, oral hygiene products and jams and jellies. The

food preparations are comparable in taste, appearance, texture and to real sugar food

products

The present invention is a non-toxic, low calorie, diabetic safe, tooth friendly

synergistic sweetening composition that can be used to substitute the whole of die

granulated, brown sugar and powdered sugar in ingestible food products. The very stable

synergistic sweetening compound also can be used in many types of preparations and

processing techniques. The one-to-one substituting of sugar makes it easy for all types of

cooks to substitute the whole of the sugar in recipes and applications without tedious recipe

adjustments. Prior art shows that each type of food and food composition had to be

adjusted individually to replace at least part or the whole amount of the sugars with at least

one intense sweetener and possibly adding bulk sweeteners.

The present invention is a timely answer to diabetics, obese individuals or

individuals who are sugar intolerant and suffering from other major life threatening

diseases. The present invention met several criteria important to solving many of the problems associated with the use of intense sweetener and bulking sweeteners. The

synergistic sweetening composition has the following properties:

1) retains its sweetness under heat, varying degrees of pH, and moisture;

2) synergizes with the available intense sweeteners and bulking sweeteners to

release a pleasant, well rounded, natural sugar taste;

3) solves the bulk problem well known in the art of baking and cooking;

4) is diabetic safe;

5) is tooth friendly;

6) has lower calories than sucrose by at least 50% ;

7) is high in soluble dietary fiber;

8) selects ingredients that have health benefits, such as the benefits attributed to

inulin; and

9) picks as many all natural ingredients as possible that work together;

One-to-one replacement means duplicating the weight, volume measurements and

characteristics of real sugar as close as possible. This makes the measuring and use of the

present invention as easy as it is using and measuring real sugar. To make the measurement

system work, bulk ingredients need to be used with as close as possible granular,

crystalline, or powdered sugar to the match size of sucrose that you are trying to replace.

An example of this is that you pick the lactitol and maltitol the same crystalline size as

granulated sucrose when making formula 1 and 1A, or slightly larger so that it will make

up for the inulin which does not come in aform mat is crystalline or is as heavy per

granular as sugar. This way the preferred invention formula will weigh as much as sugar

cup for cup. It is important to take all this into consideration when engineering the formula to measure one for one for granulated sugar, brown sugar and powdered sugar. See Table

2 - Volume and Weight Measurement Comparisons.

TABLE 2 VOLUME AND WEIGHT MEASUREMENT COMPARISONS

Polysaccharides release gas when fermented in the colon. The bulk sweeteners had

to be added to the present invention with ADI and possible side effects in mind. The goal

was to reduce the unpleasant side effects of flatulent gas as much as possible by the

percentages by weight of these ingredients as the synergistic sweetening composition was

formulated. Research into relief of the flatulent gas was paramount in including an anti-

flatulent agent that could work after undergoing various preparation and processing

techniques. Research into how the human body handles fibers and polysaccharides is very

similar. When fiber is ingested in a large amount for the first time, the side effects are

similar to eating polysaccharides for the first time. As we introduce both the fiber and

polysaccharides into our diet, slowly our bodies build up a tolerance to the side effects.

More and more of the fiber, polysaccharides, or both can be ingested. Increase in water

consumption can also help with the amount of flatulent gas formed. A small amount of a

mono or di-saccharide can be added to help the browning of the baked food product.

Sugars can cause the desired browning in an ingestible food by the method of

caramelization. Caramelization occurs when sugars are heated to such intense temperatures 1 that they melt and a series of chemical reactions begin to take place, which ultimately can

2 lead to a charred or burned product if not careful. Some caramelization is desired. The

3 Maillard Reaction is another way ingestible foods brown is described as non-enzymatic

4 browning. It to is a series of reactions involving the condensation of a sugar and an amine.

5 During the course of this series, the product is transformed from an essentially colorless

6 substance to a golden color and darker if not watched. Natural fructose is the preferred

7 embodiment because it is easily tolerated by diabetics. Inulin can contain up to 8% of free

8 mono-and di-saccharide.

9 The study of Table 3 shows the blood glucose levels in the blood after a four hour

10 fast. The person tested was then given 12.5 grams (1 tablespoon) of glucose in water and

i i their blood glucose levels were tested every 15 minutes up to an hour. Again the same

12 persons blood glucose levels were tested after 4 hours of fasting and then ingesting 12.5

13 grams (1 tablespoon) of Formula 1 of the present invention in water. The testing continued

14 every 15 minutes for 1 hour. The study shows how the body can handle the present

15 invention without significant increases in the blood glucose and insulin levels.

TABLE 3

BLOOD GLUCOSE COMPARISON TEST RESULT

The argument can be made that when using the present invention as a one-to-one

substitution for the whole of the sugar in ingestible foods d at you replace it with a

composition that has a small amount of simple sugars in it. This is true, but the goal of

using this invention as a one-to-one substitution is to make it easy to substitute the total

amount of sugar called for with the same amount of the present invention. The simple

sugars have been added only as a browning agent to help the overall performance of the

present invention in the area of baking. The present invention does work in all types of 1 applications without the small amount of simple sugars. The sugars can be optionally

2 added to help with the browning effect. Great care has gone into making this synergistic

3 sweetening composition an overall sugar substitution for all types of applications while at

4 the same time keeping the present invention diabetic safe.

5 Other objects, advantages, and capabilities of the present invention will become

6 more apparent as the description proceeds.

7 The method for manufacturing asynergistic sweetening composition comprises:

8 (a) preparing a diluted mixture of intense sweeteners and water at a correct

9 strength needed for the composition;

10 (b) spraying the diluted mixture over bulk sweeteners;

i i (c) drying the above mixture;

12 (d) mixing the bulk sweeteners and intense sweeteners in adrum mixer for about

13 20 minutes until completely dispersed;

14 (e) adding the intense sweeteners, the flavor enhancer and the anti-flatulent

15 agent to the bulk sweeteners and intense sweeteners and mixing until

16 completely dispersed;

17 (f) pouring the finished mixture into air tight packaging and sealing.

18

19 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

20 In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that the synergistic

21 properties of the intense sweeteners and bulk sweeteners have increased dramatically the

22 overall effect in foods. Synergy is the level of perceived sweetness that becomes the

23 greater than the sum of the parts. It increases the pleasant sugar taste in all types of 1 ingestible foods. The sweetness in this invention is retained under processing conditions

2 including, but not limited to the pH, moisture, and heat. This makes it ideal for processed

3 ingestible foods that undergo high intense heat. The only exception known is that there is

4 not enough mono or di-saccharide in the invention to feed die yeast necessary to raise yeast

5 doughs. The synergistic effect makes it possible to use less of each of me intense

6 sweeteners (up to almost 50% less) of two intense sweeteners combined compared to 100%

7 of the original intense sweetener's sweetness level. This lowers the cost of the amount of

8 intense sweeteners used but also increases the synergy of the bulk sweeteners. The synergy

9 effect is also found to be flavor-enhancing characteristics that have been demonstrated by

10 masking many "aggressive" flavors such as cinnamon, peppermint, ginger, coffee, etc.

i i The addition of a natural flavor enhancer, ethyl maltol also clarifies the cotton candy flavor

12 used in table top testing.

13 The present invention solves the bulk problem so necessary when replacing all die

14 sugar in a baked food product. In the past, taking two cups of sugar out of a cake recipe

15 and replacing it with asmall amount of intense sweetener or even apartial bulking agent

16 caused the texture, appearance, and taste to be lacking. Baking and cooking recipes

17 contain many ingestible food products that simply do not turn out the same if the bulk is

18 not replaced. The bulk sweeteners should have many of sucrose 's physical characteristics

19 including and not limited to solubility, sweetness, viscosity, and tolerance to heat.

20 The present invention can be used in a one-to-one substitution of granulated sugar

21 and with the simple addition of a brown sugar or molasses flavoring at the time of mixing,

22 it can replace brown sugar in all ingestible foods. Many recipes call for brown sugar and

23 would be very limiting if you used the present invention to substitute the granulated sugar and still left in the brown sugar. The synergistic sweetening composition is prepared with

the addition of brown sugar flavoring, molasses flavoring, or mixtures thereof in ingestible

foods. See Table 4 - Brown Sugar Substitution Chart.

TABLE 4

BROWN SUGAR SUBSTITUTION CHART

Brown Sugar ^*= Brown Sugar Flavoring & Invention

The present invention can also be used in a one-to-one substitution of powdered sugar.

The bulk sweeteners must be in powdered form to add a pleasant mouth feel. The invention

used in a one-to-one substitution of the whole powdered sugar in ingestible food includes but

is not limited to icings, frostings, sprinkled on food, candy, and arshmallows.

The significant aspect of the one-to-one substitution is the ease in substituting all the

sugar in ingestible foods without complicated experimentation on each food product The

consumer, whether a home cook, chef, a restaurant cook, manufacturer of large volumes of

ingestible products, or anyone else that will use this invention will not have to adjust the sugar

substitution amounts for each recipe because that time consuming detail has been eliminated.

The mixing and addition of this invention to ingestible food are exactly like adding sucrose or

other sugars into the same foods with no special instructions.

The present invention is diabetic safe. That means that the carbohydrates (excluding

the simple sugars) do not have to be counted by a diabetic person, whereas in sugar and starch carbohydrates this is not the case. The bulking ingredients used in the present invention are

labeled nutritionally under "other" carbohydrates except for the small amount of the simple

sugars. The diabetic individual does not have to count these as carbohydrates that can

significantly raise or lower the glucose of insulin in their blood. The labeling of foods made

with the invention can be labeled "reduced or low calorie" depending on the finished ingestible

food's final nutritional information, "diabetic safe" or "tooth friendly". The finished ingestible

food product can even be more reduced calorie or low calorie when used in conjunction with a

fat substitute. This is so important to the individual who is obese or diabetic.

If the present invention uses the pearl aspartame as one of the intense sweeteners, it

has been reported by Holland Sweetener Company that this particular type of aspartame bakes

better if used in a low fat mixture. Such an example of this is using it in conjunction with the

one-to-one low fat substitute disclosed in patent application no. 08/516,868 filed on 08/81/95

by the same inventor. In using the pearl aspartame as part of the invention with the one-to-one

fat substitution no undesirable effects are observed. If the food mixture is high in fat,

sometimes the pearl form of aspartame leaves behind small hard balls of undissolved aspartame

especially in foods such as cookies that are cooked a shorter period of time. Still, the pearl

form of aspartame is preferred over the encapsulated form of aspartame as previously

described. It bakes and retains its sweetness better in baking and cooking application than the

encapsulated form.

The method to produce the synergistic sweetening composition includes the following

steps. First, if using an intense sweetener such as talin or any sweetener that is at least 2000

times sweeter than sucrose, it has to be diluted to the strength needed in the embodiment.

Talin is 3000 times sweeter than sucrose and over $12,000.00 dollars a kilogram. With the synergistic effect of using it with a combination of other intense and bulk sweeteners the talin

sweetness can increase up to 40,000 times sweeter than sucrose Using such small amounts of

talin require that the talin be diluted in a water to the strength needed in this present invention

and then sprayed evenly over one of the bulk sweeteners or sweeteners, such as the fructose

That way the talin would be evenly dispersed throughout the embodiment and not be lost by

using minuscule amounts

Second, the rest of the bulk sweeteners and sweetener (fructose) that include the talin

are mixed in a rotating drum mixer until completely dispersed The acesulfame-K, or other

intense sweeteners, that are around 300 times sweeter or less can be added with the anti-

flatulent agents, Yucca schidigera extract or other anti-flatulent agents, to natural flavor

enhancer ethyl maltol They need to be added toward the end of the process and mixed until

evenly dispersed. The humidity the day of the mixing should be low to prevent caking and

ingredients sticking together Lastly, the composition is poured and sealed into air tight

packaging and stored in a cool dry place.

The method of processing reduced calorie and diabetic safe ingestible products using

the present invention includes normal preparation methods, i.e. baking, cooking, mixing of

uncooked mixtures, table top use, and manufacturer's processing techniques, etc., as described

later in Examples 1-12 - Ingestible Foods-Sugar and Fat Comparisons.

The present invention contains one or more intense sweeteners that can be derived

from the following groups of tooth friendly, natural and synthetically made intense sweeteners

The groups consisting of dipeptides such as aspartame includes both the encapsulated

and pearl forms, acesulfame-K and its salts, thaumatin or talin with or without Arabic gum,

saccharin and its salts, cyclamate and its salts, chlorodeoxysugar derivatives such as sucralose, ahtame, xylitol, stevioside, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, monel n,

chlorodeoxygalactosucrose derivatives, the lcoπce extract, or mixtures thereof Each of these

intense sweeteners has adistinct sweetening intensity compared to sucrose

These intense sweetening agents of the present invention can be used in many physical

forms well known to the art These physical forms can include spray dried, powdered, beaded,

pearl, encapsulated forms, liquid form in use in liquid sweeteners and mixtures thereof

The present embodiments further comprise the use of one or more bulk sweeteners or

agents that can be derived from the following groups of natural and synthetically made non-

caπogenic bulk sweeteners These bulk ingredients fall into the category of diabetic safe and

tooth friendly They need to have less caloπes per gram than 4 k/cal per gram found in

carbohydrates from sugars and starches The first group consists of polyol alcohols that

include lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, erythπtol, galactitol, isomaltulose, polyglucose,

polymaltose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, arabinogalactan, microcrystalline

cellulose, polydextrose and improved polydextrose, palatimt, indigestible dextrins, or mixtures

thereof

The present embodiments further compπse the use of one or more oligosaccharides

from the second group consisting of inulin, branched inulin, linear fructo-oligosacchaπdes

formed from hydrolysis of inulin, branched fructo-oligosaccharides formed from fructosyl

transferase reaction on sucrose, or mixtures thereof The inulin can be deπved from chicory

extract or from over 35,000 other plants containing inulin The fructoohgosacchaπdes are

obtained from processes used on saccharose, fructose, fructans, levans, from their products of

hydrolysis, or from the plants with fructans The synergistic sweetening composition is comprised of one or more mono or di-

saccharides to be added or occur naturally in the oligosaccharide The addition of this group

is to help in the browning of the finished baked product only. These sweeteners are

considered simple sugars and have four kcal per gram They are listed under carbohydrate -

sugar on a nutritional label The small amount of the simple sugars is important so that it will

not significantly raise the glucose and insulin levels of the blood when used in the present

invention in ingestible foods The group consists of fructose, glucose, sucrose, or other

simple sugars, or mixtures thereof.

The synergistic sweetening composition contains one or more anti-flatulence agents

which include lactobacillus acidophilus cultures, yucca schidigera extract, or simethicone, to

help with the discomfort of the gas produced in the large intestine or colon caused by the

fermentation of the polysaccharides by the micro flora. This addition of these agents does not

affect in any way how the present invention sweetens or works as a sugar replacement. The

research on anti-flatulence ingredients that can withstand high temperatures of processing after

being added to the present invention is not known. In fact the whole area of anti-flatulent

agents that work in the large intestine or colon after the ingestion of ingestible foods is very

limited There is quite a bit of research on simethicone as an anti-flatulent which is believed to

work as an anti-foaming drug which helps to break up the gas bubbles in the colon. It is used

in many over-the-counter drugs for indigestion, diarrhea, flatulence, heartburn, etc. To work

in the present invention, it can be encapsulated with various coatings to work more effectively

after the baking, cooking or processing in high temperatures. Lactobacillus acidophilus

culture has many of the same characteristic benefits of the inulin as far as the bifidogenic effects in the colon are concerned It also has been known to help with flatulent gas The drawback of using this as an ingredient in the present invention is that the bacteria and

enzymes in this culture are not heat resistant and are killed off when heated in ingestible food

products that require baking and cooking especially with longer cooking times. Still some

small helpful effects are left from the products left after the metabolism of the other

components of the culture by the lactobacillus bacteria. The actual by-product that

accomplishes this effect is unknown at this time. Yucca schidigera extract is known as a

natural anti-foaming agent and is not a drug. It has never been used before as an anti-flatulent

agent. The research on the testing of yucca schidigera as an anti-flatulent agent is non-

existing. It seems to work in the same way as simethicone does as an anti-foaming agent in

the large colon to help break up the large gas bubbles. In some forms it can have a very

strong taste and can be encapsulated to mask the strong flavor when incorporated into the

present invention.

The present invention composition looks like a white, dry, slightly powdered and

crystalline composition. It has a sweet cotton candy flavor when tasted by itself. The

invention is water soluble and the flavor becomes more sugar-like when it is mixed into liquid

used in food processing. The solubility of the invention increases as the temperature rises and

it thus increases in sweetness. See Table 1- Sweeteners (Sugars), Intense Sweeteners, and

Bulk Sweeteners Chart. It is readily soluble in water and can rapidly dissolve and be easily

mixed into foods and beverages without new mixing instructions. The sweetness of the

composition is usually very rapidly perceived providing an "impact" sweetness and the

synergistic effects of the ingredients gives it a well-rounded profile. The present invention is

very stable if stored air tight and in a cool, dry place. Some of the ingredients have a tendency

to be hygroscopic and can absorb water from the humidity in the air if not covered well. It is still stable when exposed to high temperatures for a limited time period which can occur under unfavorable storage conditions The form of the present invention can be put into bulk packaging for consumers or

commercial use, measured packets, tablet form, dissolved in a liquid for a tabletop sweetener if so desired or in the case of a liquid sweetener used in certain food production or other types of uses Liquid glucose and fructose syrups are examples of a liquid sweetener used in many

special applications

The present invention consists of one or more natural or artificial intense sweeteners One goal is to achieve an all natural synergistic sweetening composition, but taste overrules the natural sweetener requirement The intense sweeteners are at a level of from about 0 001

to 8 weight percent Two intense sweeteners are used in the preferred embodiment The present invention consists of two or more natural or artificial bulk sweeteners at a level of from about 0 5 to 99 weight percent The preferred embodiment includes two natural bulk sweeteners The present invention consists of one or more of the bulk sweeteners to include a

natural or artificial oligosaccharides The oligo saccharide in the preferred invention is natural inulin from chicory root The present invention consists of one or more natural or artificial sweeteners which include mono or di-saccharide to help with browning at a level of from about 1 to 15 weight percent The preferred embodiment can include naturally occurring fructose, glucose, and sucrose in inulin and additional fructose The synergistic sweetening composition consists of one or more, natural or artificial anti-flatulent agents at a level of from about 001 to 5 weight percent The present invention consists of one or more flavoring agents at a level of from about 0001 to 5 weight percent. The preferred embodiment includes a natural flavor enhancer, ethyl maltol and a natural brown sugar flavoring to use in brown

sugar replacement.

FORMULAS

The present invention embodiment has two preferred formulas for granulated or brown

sugar listed as Formula 1 and Formula 1 A. And two preferred formulas for powdered sugar Formula 2 and Formula 2A. Note that the mixing instructions have been described previously.

FORMULA 1 Granulated or Brown* Sugar

* Add brown sugar or molasses flavoring according to Table 4 when substituting for brown sugar.

NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION FOR FORMULA 1

* Some samples of insulin contain less than 8.6% simple sugars.

** "Other" carbohydrates are not counted as carbohydrates to the diabetic. These 'other' carbohydrates do not significantly raise the glucose or insulin levels of the blood and they have less than 4 k cals per gram found in sugars and starches.

*** Solitary Dietary Fiber from inulin.

FORMULA 1A Granulated and Brown* Sugar

* Add Brown Sugar Flavoring to the mvention according to Table # 4 when substituting for brown sugar. NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION FOR FORMULA 1A

* Some samples of inulin contain less than the 8.6% simple sugars used.

** The carbohydrates listed under "other" do not need to be counted by diabetics as carbohydrates.

The "other" carbohydrates do not significantly raise the glucose and insulin levels in the blood when they are fermented. They have less than 4k cals per gram found in sugars and

starches

*** Solitary Dietary Fiber from inulin.

THE SYNERGISTIC COMPOSITION FOR ONE-TO-ONE REPLACEMENT OF

POWDERED SUGAR

FORMULA 2 Powdered Sugar

INGREDIENTS WEIGHT PERCENT

(same ingredients as (same weight percent as Formula 1)

formula 1 except in the

powdered form)

The exception being that all granulated bulk sweeteners and sweeteners have to be in

the powdered form for the proper mouth feel and texture

NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION FOR FORMULA 2

* Some samples of inulin contain less than the 8 6% simple sugars used

** The carbohydrates listed under "other" do not need to be counted by diabetics as

carbohydrates The "other" carbohydrates do not significantly raise the glucose and insulin levels in the blood when they are fermented They have less than 4k cals per grams found in sugars and starches

*** Solitary Dietary Fiber from inulin

FORMULA 2 Powdered Sugar

INGREDIENTS WEIGHT PERCENT

(same ingredients as (same weight percent as Formula 1A) formula 1A except in the powdered form)

NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION FOR FORMULA 2A

* Some batches of inulin have less than 8.6% simple sugars The 'other' carbohydrates are diabetic safe and do not need to be counted as the carbohydrates called sugar and starches. They do not significantly affect the glucose and insulin levels of the blood The "other" carbohydrate, when fermented in the large colon, have

less than 4k cal per grams found in sugars and starches

*** Solitary Dietary Fiber is from the inulin

Examples 1-12

Each example is in three parts, i.e A, B and C "A" is an ingestible food made with

regular sugar and fat "B" is an ingestible food that the sugar has been replaced with one of the formula's of the present invention and labeled as a sugar substitute "C" is an ingestible food where not only has the sugar been replaced with one of the formulas of the present invention, but also the fat was replaced with a 93% less fat than butter, one-to-one fat

substitute The low-fat substitute used in the examples has nutritional characteristics as follows in 100 grams of the product

The purpose of the examples is to show the reduction in sugar and calories using the present invention on its own compared to a high sugar example A , but when used in conjunction with a low fat substitute as in patent application 08/516,868 the reduction in calories are very significant, i.e. close to 50% less, and the sugar reduction stays the same. The present invention can be used with a low fat substitute to show impressive calorie reduction plus significant sugar reduction.

To understand the following examples, please note the following: 1) The total carbohydrates equal all available carbohydrates. The figure in the parenthesis is the total carbohydrates a diabetic needs to count. The "other" carbohydrate is

subtracted from the first figure in example 1 B. Butter Toffee Formula 1 sugar substitute:

Total Carb g. 2.6( 22) where 2.6g is the carbohydrate including the "other" and the (.22)g is the carbohydrate that a diabetic must count. 2) The Sugar figure is only the granulated, powdered, brown sugar or present

invention known as Formula 1 and 1 A and Formula 2 and 2 A in the recipe. By figuring just these sugars and the present invention the comparisons are more direct. The simple sugars found in the other ingredients are not figured into the sugar grams only into the total carbohydrates.

EXAMPLES INGESTIBLE FOOD SUGAR AND FAT COMPARISONS

Nutritional Information

66% of total calories from sugar 29% of total calories from fat

B.

Lemon Meringue Pie Formula 1 sugar substitute

1 whole pie crust 1 1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar substitute

3 1/2 tbsp cornstarch

1 1/2 cup water

4 each egg yolks 1/2 cup lemon juice 3 tbsp butter

2 tbsp lemon peel

1/2 cup egg whites 1/4 tsp cream of tartar 1/2 cup Formula 1/ sugar substitute 1/2 tsp vanilla

Nutritional Information

Nutritional Information Sweet & Sour Chicken/Formula Serving size 1/4 1 calories 582 sugar substitute/low fat fat 26.3 total/carb g (43.5) 1/4 cup fat substitute sugar g 25 4 cup chopped cooked chicken starch g 1 large green pepper other g 1 large red pepper dietary 1 large onion fiber g 1 cup water

2 tsp chicken bouillon

17% of total calories from sugar 13 oz can pineapple chunks in 40% of total calories from sugar 40% of total calories juice (unsweetened) 38% of total calories from fat 2 tbsp soy sauce from fat 2 tbsp cornstarch

B. 1/4 cup vinegar B. 1/2 cup Formula 1

Sweet & Sour Chicken/Formula sugar substitute Ranger Cookies/Formula 1 I 1/2 tsp brown sugar Sugar Substitute sugar substitute flavoring

1/2 cup margarine

1/4 cup oil 2 large eggs

4 cup chopped cooked chicken Nutritional Information 1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar

1 large green pepper substitute

1 large red pepper 1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar

1 large onion substitute

1 cup water 1/2 tsp brown sugar flavoring

2 tsp chicken bouillon 1 cup all-purpose flour

13 oz can pineapple chunks in 1/2 tsp baking powder juice (unsweetened) 1/2 tsp baking soda 2 tbsp soy sauce 1/4 tsp salt 2 tbsp cornstarch

1 cup oats 1/4 cup vinegar 2.8% of total calories from sugar 1 cup corn flakes 1/2 cup Formula 1 7% of total calories 1/4 cup coconut flakes sugar substitute from fat 1/2 tsp brown sugar 50% Less calories flavoring Nutritional Information Serving size 1/36

Example #5

Nutritional Information A. Serving size 1/4 calories 532 Ranger Cookies/regular fat 26.3 total carb g 50(27.83) 1/2 cup margarine sugar g 2.07 2 large eggs starch g 1/2 cup granulated sugar

other g 11.37 1/2 cup brown sugar, dietary packed 3% of total calories from sugar fiber g 10.8 1 cup all-purpose flour 44% of total calories

1.5% of total calorics from sugar 1/2 tsp baking powder from fat 44% of total calories 1/2 tsp baking soda 16% less calories from fat 1/4 tsp salt 8.5% Less calories 1 cup oats

1 cup corn flakes

C. 1/4 cup coconut flakes C. substitute

3 1/2 cups all-purpose flour

Ranger Cookies/Formula 1 1 tsp baking powder Sugar Substitute/low fat 1 tsp baking soda

1 tsp salt

1/2 cup low fat butter 2 tsp vanilla replacement 1/2 cup milk

2 large eggs

1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar substitute 19% of total calories from sugar Nutritional Information

1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar 43% of total calories substitute from fat

1/2 tsp brown sugar flavoring

1 cup all-purpose flour

1/2 tsp baking powder

1/2 tsp baking soda Sugar Cookies/Formula 1A sugar

1/4 tsp salt substitute

1 cup oats

1 cup corn flakes 1 cup butter

1/4 cup coconut flakes 2 large eggs

1 cup Formula 1A sugar

Nutritional Information substitute Serving size 1/36 3 1/2 cups all-purpose flour calories 47 1 tsp baking powder fat g .5 1 tsp baking soda total/carb g 11.4(6.48) 1 tsp salt sugar g .46 2 tsp vanilla starch g 1/2 cup milk

other g 2.52 dietary Sugar Cookie Frosting/regular fiber g 2.4 Nutritional Information

1/4 cup butter

4% of total calories from sugar 2 cups powdered sugar

10% of total calories 2 tbsp milk from fat 1 tsp vanilla

37% less calories

Nutritional Information Serving size 1/48

Example #6

A.

Sugar Cookies/regular 2% of total calories from sugar

47% of total calories

1 cup butter from fat

2 large eggs 10% less calories

1 cup granulated sugar

3 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 tsp baking powder C. 71% of total calories from sugar

1 tsp baking soda 32% of total calories

1 tsp salt Sugar Cookies/Formula 1A sugar from fat

2 tsp vanilla substitute/low fat 1/2 cup milk B.

1 cup low fat butter replacement

Nutritional Information 2 large eggs Sugar Cookie Frosting/Formula Serving size 1/60 1 cup Formula 1A sugar 1A

calories 196 fat g .9 total carb g 55(31.48) sugar g 2.4 starch g other g 12 dietary fiber g 11.52

5% of total calorics from sugar

4% of total calories Nutritional Information from fat Serving size 1/16 Tangy Coleslaw/regular

33% less calories calories 161 fat g 8.8 1 tbsp butter total/carb g 28(11.37) 2 tbsp flour sugar g 2.2 4 tbsp granulated sugar

Example #9 starch g 1/4 tsp pepper A. other g 8.53 2 tbsp dijon mustard dietary 1 1/2 cup chicken broth

Caramel Popcorn/regular fiber g 8.1 1/2 cup vinegar

8 cups shredded cabbage

3/4 cup butter 5% of total calories from sugar 1/2 cup chopped onion

3/4 cup brown sugar 49% of total calories

3/4 cup granulated sugar from fat

1/2 cup light corn syrup 13% less calories Nutritional Information

1/4 tsp salt

1/2 cup water

1 tsp vinegar

10 cup popcorn, air-popped Caramel Popcorn/Formula 1 sugar substitute corn syrup sub/low fat

Nutritional Information Serving size 1/16 3/4 cup low fat butter calories 185 replacement fat 8.8 3/4 cup Formula 1 sugar total carb ; 28 substitute sugar g 24 3/4 tsp brown sugar flavoring starch g 3/4 cup Formula 1 sugar

other g substitute dietary 1/2 cup corn syrup substitute B. fiber g 1/4 tsp salt

52% of total calories from sugar 43% of total calories from fat

B.

Caramel Popcorn/Formula 1 sugar substitute corn syrup sub

3/4 cup butter 3/4 cup Formula 1 sugar substitute 3/4 tsp brown sugar flavoring

Nutritional Information 1/4 cup butter 1/4 cup low fat butter Serving size 1/9 1/2 cup brown sugar, packed replacement calories 63 1 pound carrots 1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar fat g 2.1 substitute total carb g 12(7.1) 1/2 tsp brown sugar flavoring sugar g .46 1 pound carrots starch g other g 2.5 dietary Nutritional Information fiber g 2.4 Serving size 1/4 calories 135

3% of total calories from sugar fat 1.1

29% of total calories total/carb g 43(20.83) from fat sugar g 2

16% less calories

starch g other g 11.37

40% of total calories from sugar dietary 42% of total calories fiber g 10.8

Tangy Coleslaw/Formula 1A from fat sugar substitute/low fat 6% of total calories from sugar

B. 7% of total calories

1 tbsp low fat butter substitute from fat

2 tbsp flour Brown Sugared Carrots/ 45% less calories

4 tbsp Formula 1A sugar Formula 1 sugar substitute substitute

1/4 tsp pepper 1/4 cup butter

2 tbsp dijon mustard

1 1/2 cup chicken broth

1/2 cup vinegar

8 cups shredded cabbage

1/2 cup chopped onion

Nutritional Information

Serving size 1/9 calories 57 fat .2 total/carb g 13(8.1) sugar g .46 starch g other g 2.5 dietary fiber g 2.4

3% of total calories from sugar

3% of total calories from fat

24% less calories c. 89% of total calories from sugar 0% of total calories

Brown Sugared Carrots/ from fat

Example #11 Formula 1 sugar substitute low

A. fat

B.

Brown Sugared Carrots/regular lemonade/Formula 1 sugar substitute 3 cups water 1 cup lemon juice(about 4 lemons) 1/2 cup Formula 1 sugar substitute

Nutritional Information Serving size 1/4 calories 63 fat g 0 total/carb g 30(7.83) sugar g 2 starch g other g 11.37 dietary fiber g 10.8 13% of total calories from sugar 0% of total calories from fat

While the present invention is described by reference to specific embodiments, it

will be apparent that other alternative embodiments and methods of implementation or

modification may be employed without departing from me true spirit and scope of the

invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A low calorie, diabetic safe, water soluble, synergistic sweetening composition in whole as a one-to-one for granulated sugars, brown sugars, and powdered sugars for sweetening ingestible food, the composition comprising:

(a) one or more intense sweeteners at a level from about 0.001 to about

8% by weight of the composition;

(b) two or more bulk sweeteners as at a level from about 0.5 to about 99% by weight of the composition;

(c) one or more sweeteners present in the present invention at a level from about 1 to about 15% by weight of the composition; (d) one or more anti-flatulent agents at a level from about .001 to about 5% by weight of the composition;

(e) one or more flavoring agents at a level from about .0001 to about 5 by weight of the composition.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the intense sweeteners are selected from

the group consisting of aspartame, acesulfame-K, thaumatin, talin, arabic gum, saccharin, cyclamate, stevioside, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, monellin, chlorodeoxygalactosucrose derivatives, licorice extract, or mixtures thereof.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the bulk sweeteners are selected from the group consisting of the groups including inulin, branched inulin, linear fructo- oligosaccharides, branched fructo-oligosaccharides, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol,

4 sorbitol, erythritol, galactitol, isomaltulose, polyglucose, polymaltose,

5 carboxymethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, arabinogalactan,

6 microcrystalline cellulose, polydextrose, palatinit, indigestible dextrins, or

7 mixtures thereof.

l 4 The composition of claim 3 wherein one of the bulk sweeteners is inulin.

1 5. The composition of claim 3 wherein the bulk sweeteners are crystallized,

2 granulated, powdered, or mixtures thereof.

1 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the sweeteners are selected from the

2 group consisting of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and mixtures thereof.

1 7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the sweeteners are crystalline, powdered,

2 or mixtures thereof.

1 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the anti-flatulent agents are selected from

2 the group consisting of lactobacillus acidophilus culture, yucca schidigera

3 extract, simethicone, or mixtures thereof.

l

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the flavoring agent is ethyl malto.

10 The composition of claim 1 wherein synergistic sweetening composition is a one-to-one substitution for brown sugars.

1 1. The composition of claim 10 wherein said flavoring agents are natural brown sugar and molasses flavoring or mixtures thereof.

12 The composition of claim 11 wherein the brown sugar molasses flavoring, or mixture thereof is used to replace brown sugars in ingestible food compositions

13 The composition of claim 1 wherein the synergistic sweetening composition is in whole a one-to-one substitute for powdered sugars.

14 The composition of claim 15 wherein the bulk sweeteners are powdered.

15. The composition of claim 15 wherein the sweeteners are powdered.

16. The composition of claim 1 wherein d e caloric content is at least one half the calories of sucrose.

17. The composition of claim 1 is in whole a one-to-one substitution for sugar by volume measurement and by weight measurements.

18. The composition of claim 21 wherein the ingestible foods include beverages, confectioneries, chocolates and candies; bakery products; main dishes, side

dishes, and soups; desserts; pharmaceutical products; salad dressings, frozen

confectionery products; dairy products; oral hygiene products; jams and jellies;

but not limited thereof.

19. a method for manufacturing a synergistic sweetening composition comprising: (a) preparing a diluted mixture of intense sweeteners and water at a correct strength needed for the composition; (b) spraying the diluted mixture over bulk sweeteners; (c) drying the above mixture; (d) mixing the bulk sweeteners and intense sweeteners in a drum mixer for about 20 minutes until completely dispersed; (e) adding the intense sweeteners, adding the flavor enhancer, and the anti- flatulent agent to the bulk sweeteners and intense sweeteners and mixing until completely dispersed; (f) pouring the finished mixture into air-tight packaging and sealing.