WO1998014917A2

WO1998014917A2 - Financial transaction terminal and components therefor

Info

Publication number: WO1998014917A2
Application number: PCT/CA1997/000719
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Coveley
Original assignee: Omega Digital Data Inc.
Priority date: 1996-10-01
Filing date: 1997-09-30
Publication date: 1998-04-09
Also published as: WO1998014917A3; AU4447697A; CA2239008A1

Abstract

A financial transaction terminal (14) includes a housing (30) and input means (52) on the housing to allow financial transaction data to be entered therein. A card reader (56) to receive and read credit, debit or smart cards is also provided. A processor (70, 72) in communication with the input means and the card reader receives and processes financial transaction and card data. Radio frequency transmission means transmits the financial transaction and card data to a remote site whereat a transaction (20, 60) can be processed. A secure authorization module receptacle (304) in the housing (30) receives an integrated circuit device (324) storing card security data. The processor accesses the card security data when a card is read by the card reader to validate the same.

Description

FINANCIAL TRANSACTION TERMINAL AND COMPONENTS THEREFOR

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to secure personal identification number entry devices such as point-of-sale devices and in particular to a financial transaction terminal and components therefor.

BACKGROUND ART

Financial transaction terminals to read data stored on credit, debit and/or smart cards to complete financial transactions are known. Existing terminals such as automated banking machines (ABM's) require users to walk to a central retail platform to complete a financial transaction. More recently point-of-sale debit card terminals have been developed which allow a user to enter remotely their personal identification number (PIN) into a secure PIN entry device (SPED) together with a financial transaction request to access their account at a financial institution and withdraw funds directly to complete the financial transaction. These point-of-sale debit card terminals are typically connected to a dial-up or leased telephone line and convey the entered PIN and financial transaction request to the financial institution via the telephone line.

Still more recently radio frequency financial transaction terminals have been developed which can be brought to the location of a user so that a financial transaction can be complete. When a card is to be read, it is inserted into the card reader of the financial transaction terminal. In the case of credit or debit cards, the card data is read off of a magnetic stripe on the card. Reliable card readers which are inexpensive yet can read card data accurately are of course desired. Once the card is read, the user enters their PIN. Following this, the radio frequency financial transaction terminal transmits the entered PIN and financial transaction request via an RF transceiver including an RF modem and antenna to a central network controller or to a financial institution directly via a wireless RF communications network. When the PIN and financial transaction request are transmitted to the central network controller, the central network controller in turn passes the PIN and financial transaction request to the financial institution either via a telephone line connection or a wireless RF communications network. Once the financial transaction has been approved by the financial institution, verification is transmitted back to the financial transaction terminal either directly or by way of the central network controller so that the financial transaction can be completed. Unfortunately, the fullwave monopole antennas conventionally used in these radio frequency financial transaction terminals have been difficult to match to radio wave frequencies making them imprecise. Also, these antennas have been subject to temperature variance effects. Accordingly, improvements to financial transaction terminals of this nature are continually being sought.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel financial transaction terminal and components therefor.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a financial transaction terminal comprising: a housing; input means to allow financial transaction data to be entered therein; a card reader to receive and read credit, debit or smart cards; a processor in communication with said input means and said card reader to receive and process financial transaction and card data; radio frequency transmission means to transmit said financial transaction and card data to a remote site whereat a transaction can be processed; and a secure authorization module receptacle to receive an integrated circuit device storing card security data, said processor accessing said card security data when a card is read by said card reader to validate the same.

Preferably, the secure authorization module receptacle receives a carrier holding a plurality of integrated circuit devices, each of which stores card security data associated with a different financial institution. It is also preferred that the housing has a memory expansion slot therein to receive removably additional memory. In addition, it is preferred that the housing has a radio modem slot therein to receive removably a radio modem forming part of the radio frequency transmission means. In one instance, the radio modem is of the type to transmit voice and/or data. According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a card reader comprising: a frame assembly having a card slot therein into which a card having a magnetic stripe to be read is inserted; a magnetic head to read a magnetic stripe on a card; and a cantilevered spring beam secured to said frame assembly and supporting said magnetic head, said spring beam presenting a downward pressure on said magnetic head.

Preferably, the frame assembly and the spring beam carry co-operating formations to maintain the longitudinal disposition of the spring beam. In a preferred form, the co-operating formations are in the form of at least one dog on the frame assembly and at least one passage formed in the spring beam. It also preferred that the spring beam is stepped adjacent an end thereof opposite the magnetic head, the end being fastened to a support on the frame assembly by way of a set screw. Preferably, the frame assembly includes a pair of dogs, one of the dogs extending upwardly from the support and being accommodated by a notch in one end of the spring beam. The other dog is in the form of a post extending upwardly from the support and passes through a hole in the spring beam adjacent the magnetic head.

In a preferred embodiment, the frame assembly includes a generally rectangular open frame having a bezel at one end thereof, a chassis secured to the frame and a printed circuit board disposed between the chassis and the frame, the printed circuit board being electrically connected to the magnetic head. The printed circuit board has a switch thereon responsive to a card fully inserted into the card reader to determine when a card is to be read.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a rotatable antenna comprising: a generally L-shaped body having a first stationary arm and a second arm rotatable with respect to said first arm; a transmission element accommodated by said second arm and in electrical communication with an electrical circuit associated with said first arm; and a coupling acting between said first and second arms to permit relative rotational movement therebetween and to inhibit separation thereof.

Preferably, the coupling means electrically connects the coil to the electrical circuit associated with the first arm. It is also preferred that the coupling means is in the form of a sleeve, opposed ends of the sleeve being accommodated by the first and second arms respectively. The sleeve includes an intumed lip at one end to abut against a formation on one of the arms and includes a projection thereon adjacent another end which is accommodated by a second complimentary formation formed in the other of the arms.

In a preferred embodiment, the first arm includes a hollow axial support, a fixed turning boss accommodated by the axial support and an axial pin connector accommodated by the turning boss, the axial pin connector retaining one end of a co-axial cable. A circumferential groove is formed in an outer surface of the turning boss and accommodates an annular formation on the sleeve to retain the sleeve to the turning boss. It is also preferred that the second arm includes a hollow body member and a pivot boss accommodated by the hollow body member. The pivot boss has a grommet formed on its outer surface which co-operates with the intumed lip on the sleeve to retain the pivot boss to the sleeve.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a radio frequency financial transaction terminal comprising: an outer casing; input means on said outer casing to allow financial transaction data to be entered therein; a card reader accommodated by said outer casing to receive and read a credit, debit or smart card; a processor within said outer casing and in communication with said input means and said card reader to generate a financial transaction request in response thereto; and an RF transceiver to transmit said financial transaction request to a remote location, said RF transceiver including a rotatable antenna mounted on said outer casing.

The financial transaction terminal allows financial transactions to be carried out at the location of a user without requiring the user to travel to an ABM, retail platform etc. and without requiring the user to give up custody of their card. Financial transactions carried out by the RF financial transaction terminals are processed and verified in real-time. The card reader design is simple and inexpensive to manufacture while allowing magnetic stripes on cards to be read accurately. The antenna is easy to match to radio wave frequencies making it more precise than prior art antenna designs. Also, the design of the antenna makes it less subject to temperature variance effects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a financial transaction system; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a portable, radio frequency financial transaction terminal utilized in the financial transaction system of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a block diagram of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a block diagram of a secure integrated circuit device forming part of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a block diagram of a central network controller forming part of the financial transaction system of Figure 1; Figure 7 is a bottom plan view of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 8 is a side elevational view of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 9 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 10 is an exploded perspective view of a card reader forming part of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 11 is a top plan view of the card reader of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view in side elevation of Figure 11 taken along line 12-12;

Figure 13a is a top plan view of a bezel forming part of the card reader of Figure 10;

Figure 13b is a cross-sectional view in bottom plan of the bezel of Figure 13 a; Figures 14a and 14b are side elevational and bottom plan views respectively of a magnetic head forming part of the card reader of Figure 10;

Figures 15a and 15b are side elevational and bottom plan views respectively of an altemative embodiment of a magnetic head forming part of the card reader of Figure 10; Figure 16a is a cross-sectional view of a rotatable antenna forming part of the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2;

Figure 16b is an enlarged portion of Figure 16a;

Figure 17 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a turning base forming part of the antenna of Figure 16a; Figure 18a is a side elevational view of another turning base forming part of the antenna of Figure 16a;

Figure 18b is a top plan view of the turning base of Figure 18a;

Figure 19 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a coil support forming part of the antenna of Figure 16a; Figure 20 is side elevation and top plan views respectively of a coil forming part of the antenna of Figure 16a; and

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a rotatable antenna for the radio frequency financial transaction terminal of Figure 2.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Referring now to Figure 1, a financial transaction system is shown and is generally indicated to by reference numeral 10. Financial transaction system 10 includes a central network controller 12 and a plurality of secure personal identification number entry devices (SPEDs) in the form of portable, hand-held, radio frequency (RF) financial transaction terminals 14. The central network controller 12 and the RF financial transaction terminals 14 communicate via a wireless RF communications link 16. The central network controller 12 also communicates with host computers at financial institutions (not shown) either via hardwired network services (i.e. DATAPAC), an ISDN interface or alternatively, a wireless communications network to provide real-time financial transaction processing with the host computers.

Each RF financial transaction terminal 14 includes a financial transaction data module 18 for collecting financial transaction data and an RF transceiver 20 for transmitting a financial transaction request to the central network controller and for receiving a financial transaction verification from the central network controller 12. The RF transceiver is in the form of an RF modem having an internal microcontroller unit (MCU) and a rotatable antenna 60 as will be described hereinafter.

Referring now to Figures 2 to 4, one of the RF financial transaction terminals 14 is better illustrated. The RF financial transaction terminal includes a portable, hand-held outer casing 30 which accommodates the various components of the financial transaction data module 18 and the RF transceiver 20. The outer casing includes a top casing shell 30a and a bottom casing shell 30b secured together by one way screws 32 so that once assembled, access to the interior of the financial transaction terminal 14 cannot be achieved without physical evidence. An optional retractable, pistol-grip handle 34 is removably received in a recess 36 formed in the undersurface of the bottom casing shell 30b and is retained by a plurality of fasteners 38 in the form of screws. A rechargeable battery 40 is received by a pocket (not shown) in the bottom casing shell. A multi-pin universal serial port 42 to connect to an optional bar code reader, CCD scanner or other similar device (not shown) is also provided in the bottom casing shell 30b and is hidden by a sliding cover 44. An auxiliary secure RS-232 serial port 94 (see Figure 4) is also provided on the side of the outer casing 30. Also provided in one side of the outer casing 30 is a memory expansion slot 300 and a radio modem slot 302 and provided in the opposite side of the outer casing 30 is a secure authorization module pocket 304.

On the top casing shell 30a is an LCD display 50 and an input keypad 52 to allow financial transaction data to be entered into the financial transaction terminal and displayed. Above the LCD display 50 is a printer 54 carrying a paper roll to print receipts confirming that financial transactions have been verified and processed. A card reader 56 is housed by the outer casing 30 and has an accessible card reading slot 58 therein. The antenna 60 forming part of the RF transceiver 20 is rotatably mounted on the outer casing 30.

Within the outer casing 30 is a motherboard on which the internal components of the financial transaction terminal are mounted. In particular, the financial transaction terminal includes a main central processing unit (CPU) module 70 which communicates with a secure module 72. The functional division of the internal components into the main CPU module 70 and the secure module 72 is chosen to provide security.

The main CPU module 70 includes a printer interface 74 to connect to printer 54, an RF T_x-R_x interface 76 to connect to RF modem 20, a card reader interface 78 to connect to card reader 56 and a bar code reader interface 80 connected to universal serial port 42. The main CPU module 70 is also equipped with a main CPU 82 connected to the interfaces allowing the CPU to control the operation of the printer, the RF modem, the card reader and the device connected to the universal serial port 42. The CPU 82 is also connected to flash memory 84 and static random access memory 86. The flash memory 84 stores start-up software incorporating a set of routines for initializing the RF financial transaction terminal 14 at power-up. The flash memory 84 also stores a system software loader comprising a routine for downloading system software into the static random access memory 86. Static random access memory stores 86 the system software (i.e. interrupt handlers, I/O routines, device drivers etc.) and an applications program area or memory space where a secure prompt and different application programs can be downloaded (i.e. transaction verification, application specific services etc.) Additional memory 306 shown in phantom can be inserted into memory expansion slot 300 to provide more memory if required. A photosensor 88 is also provided in the main CPU module 70 for security purposes as will be described and is connected to the secure module 72.

The secure module 72 provides cryptographic services and security measures to protect the RF financial transaction terminal 14 from software tampering that could result in debit or credit card PINs or passwords from being accessed. The secure module 72 contains a microcontroller unit in the form of a physically encapsulated, one-time programmable (OTP) secure integrated circuit device 90 which controls the operation of the LCD display 50, the keypad 52 and a speaker 92 by way of display, keypad and speaker interfaces 110, 108 and 112 respectively. The secure integrated circuit device 90 also controls the auxiliary secure RS-232 serial port 94 and an interface 96 to the main CPU module 70. The main CPU module 70 and the secure module 72 receive power from the on-board rechargeable battery 40 in a conventional manner. Auxiliary secure RS-232 serial port 94 allows updates to data and software used by the financial transaction terminal to be downloaded.

The secure integrated circuit device 90 includes a CPU 100, read only memory 102 and random access memory 104. The read only memory 102 stores system software for auxiliary RS-232 port control, display control, control of communications to the main CPU module 70, keypad control and speaker control functions. The random access memory 104 is used for cryptographic key and encryption algorithm storage, PIN or password storage and system software and security software working space. The secure module 72 controls the LCD display 50 in a split-screen fashion dividing the LCD display into unsecured and secure display areas. The information displayed in the secure display area is controlled solely by the secure module 72 while the information displayed in the unsecured display area is controlled by the secure module in conjunction with the main CPU module 70. A battery backup 120 is provided to protect against inadvertent power loss and consequent loss of data stored in the static random access memory 86 and random access memory 104 in which the cryptographic keys and encryption algorithms are stored. Read only memory 104 is designed so as to prevent unauthorized reading of its contents. In addition, since the photosensor 88 is within the outer casing 30, it is typically isolated from light. However, if the integrity of the outer casing 30 is compromised and the interior of the casing is exposed to light, the photosensor 88 triggers the secure integrated circuit device 90 which in turn clears the cryptographic keys and encryption algorithms stored in the random access memory 104 to inhibit an intruder from acquiring the cryptographic keys and encryption algorithms.

The radio modem slot 302 is designed to receive interchangeably a standard PCMCIA or IA package radio modem to allow the RF communications platform to be changed. The IA package radio modem mates with a daughterboard in the financial transaction terminal 14 to establish an electrical connection between the interface 76 and the antenna 60. The radio modem may be of any standard type such as Artis, Mobitex, Packed GMS, GPS, CPDP or IVDS.

Opposite the antenna 60 is an RJ 11 jack 310 to accommodate a cable (not shown) to allow the financial transaction terminal 14 to be connected to a conventional telephone land line network. A head set jack 312 is also provided in the outer casing 30 adjacent the printer 54 to accommodate the plug of a head set (not shown). The head set as is well known includes a microphone and speakers to allow a wearer to communicate by voice.

When a CPDP modem is inserted into the radio modem slot 302, the nature of the CPDP modem gives the financial transaction terminal 14 data and voice communications capabilities. The CPDP modem can be connected to a telephone land line network via the RJ11 jack 310 allowing a telephone call to be made using the financial transaction terminal. Voice and/or data can be communicated by the CPDP modem over the telephone land line network. Alternatively, the CPDP modem can transmit voice and/or data over a cellular network if the RJ11 jack 310 is not utilized.

The secure authorization module pocket 304 (best seen in Figure 9) supports amphenol connectors 320 electrically connected to the motherboard and the card reader 56. The secure authorization module pocket 304 is designed to receive a carrier 322 removably supporting integrated circuits 324. Each integrated circuit 324 stores card security information associated with a different financial institution or credit authorizing party. When the carrier 322 is inserted into the secure authorization module pocket 304, the amphenol connectors 320 electrically connect the integrated circuits 324 to the motherboard and card reader 56. When a financial transaction is being carried out and a card is read by the card reader 56, the security information stored in the integrated circuit 324 associated with the card type being read, is used to validate the card.

Referring now to Figures 10 to 12, the card reader 56 is better illustrated. As can be seen, the card reader 56 includes a plastic generally rectangular frame 200 having a pair of side walls 200a, a rear wall 200b and bridges 200c and 200d spanning the side walls at adjacent their opposed ends. A plastic bezel 202 is snap-fitted onto the open front end of the frame 200 and has the card slot 58 therein so that a card inserted into the card slot 58 passes into the frame 200. In this particular example, the plastic material used to form the chassis and bezel comprises about 30 percent fibreglass, 20 percent Teflon and 50 percent polycarbonate. A printed circuit board 204 is positioned beneath the frame 200 and is held in place by a metal chassis 205 secured to the frame 200 by fasteners (not shown). The printed circuit board 204 includes a buffer (not shown) and other electronic components necessary to store data read from the magnetic stripe of a card as is well known to those of skill in the art. The printed circuit board also includes an integrated circuit 207 thereon to allow financial transaction data stored in integrated circuits on smart cards to be read.

Tabs 200e extend from the side walls 200a of the frame 200 to inhibit the printed circuit board 204 from being lifted into the frame 200. The chassis 205 has threaded holes 205a provided therein to accommodate fasteners (not shown). The fasteners secure the card reader 56 to the interior of the outer casing 30.

A microswitch 208 is mounted on the printed circuit board 204 and is positioned near the rear wall 200b of the frame 200. A ribbon connector 209 is also provided on the printed circuit board 204 and receives a ribbon cable (not shown) extending from the card reader interface 78. A tab 200f having an upturned lip 200g extends inwardly from the bridge 200d to maintain a card inserted into the card reader in the desired disposition. A clear plastic cover is secured to the top of the frame by an adhesive and overlies the printed circuit board 204.

A magnetic head 210 is accommodated within the bezel 202 and is supported on a spring beam 212 in the form of a flexible metal strip. The spring beam 212 extends into and is secured to a support 200g integrally formed on the one of the side walls 200a. The support 200g is spaced above the bridge 200c to allow a card C inserted into the card slot 58 to pass beneath the support. A bridge 200h spans the support 200g and the other side wall 200a.

The spring beam 252 surrounds the magnetic head 210 at one end and is secured to it by way of welds. The spring beam 212 is stepped near its opposite end to define upper and lower sections 252a and 252b respectively. The upper section 252a overlies a platform 200i on the support 200g. A fastener 254 in the form of a set screw secures the spring beam 252 to the platform 200i. The set screw 254 also holds a ground wire (not shown) extending to the chassis 205. The platform 200i has an elongate dog 200j on it which is accommodated by one of a pair of laterally spaced notches 252c formed in the end of the spring beam 252.

The lower section 252b of the spring beam 252 curves downwardly and contacts the support 200g midway along its length. A central longitudinal elongate slot 252d is provided in the lower section partially along its length and extends from the step towards the magnetic head 210. A pair of ovate laterally spaced holes 252e are provided in the lower section and are spaced slightly from the end of the elongate slot 252d. A dog 200k in the form of a generally cylindrical post extends upwardly from the support 200g and is received by one of the holes 252e. The dogs 200j and 200k maintain the position of the spring beam 252 and hence, the magnetic head 210 so that the magnetic head accurately follows the tracks on the magnetic stripe of a card being read. The modules of the spring beam 212 and the set screw maintain a downwardly presented force on the magnetic head 210. In the preferred embodiment, the spring beam 252 is approximately 0.3 mm thick and the set screw is adjustable to vary the downward pressure presented on the magnetic head 210 between about 35 to 120 gm/mm. The maintained downward pressure and the centering of the magnetic head 210 as a result of the co-operating dogs and spring beam passages allow consistent and repeatable reads of magnetic stripes on cards inserted into the card reader 54 to be achieved.

Turning now to Figures 13a and 13b, the bezel 202 is better illustrated. As can be seen, the bezel 202 has a recess 220 formed in its front end to leave a portion of a card exposed when it is inserted into the card slot 58 of the card reader 56 and thereby facilitate its removal. A plurality of tabs extend rearwardly from the main body 222 of the bezel 202 at various locations and co-operate with the frame 200. In particular, a central lower tab 224 having a hole 226 therein extends rearwardly from the main body 222 and accommodates a downwardly extending projection 228 on the frame 200. A pair of laterally spaced upper tabs 230 are received by the frame to guide the bezel 202 into the open end of the frame when the bezel is snap-fitted to the frame. A tab 234 also extends from each side of the bezel 202 and has an outwardly extending formation 236 on it. The formations 236 are accommodated by recesses 238 formed in the interior side surfaces of the frame 200.

Figures 14a and 14b better illustrate the magnetic head 210 and as can be seen, the magnetic head includes a pair of tracks 240. The tracks 240 are electrically coupled to output terminals 242 spot welded to the magnetic head. The terminals are wired to the printed circuit board 204 in a conventional manner so that data read from the magnetic stripe on a card can be processed by the main CPU 82. Although the magnetic head 210 is described as having a pair of tracks, magnetic heads employing one or three or more tracks may be employed. For example, Figures 15a and 15b show a magnetic head 210' having three tracks 240'. The magnetic head can be connected to the printed circuit board and attached to the metal strip in the same manner previously described.

Referring now to Figures 16a to 20, the antenna 60 is better illustrated. As can be seen, the antenna includes a generally L-shaped body 400 having one arm 402 fixed to and extending outwardly from the outer casing 30 and a second arm 404 rotatable with respect to arm 402 and generally forming a right angle therewith. Arm 402 includes a tubular axial support 406 fixedly mounted within the financial transaction terminal 14 by way of a screw 406a that passes through a bore 406b in the axial support and engages a metallic insert 407 on the bottom casing shell 30b. The other end of the axial support 406 extends through an opening in the outer casing. Within the axial support 406 is an axial pin connector 408 which receives one end of a co-axial cable 410. The other end of the co-axial cable 410 terminates at a connector 412. Connector 412 physically and electrically connects the co-axial cable to the RF modem 20. A tubular metal turning boss 414 (best seen in Figure 17) is also accommodated by the axial support 406. The conductor within the co-axial cable 410 is electrically coupled to the turning boss 414 by way of a solder nipple 411 at the end of the co-axial cable.

The turning boss 414 includes a small diameter cylindrical portion 416 which accommodates the pin connector 408 and a larger diameter cylindrical portion 420 extending beyond the axial support 406. The cylindrical portion 416 has a threaded section 418 on its outer surface for engaging threads within the axial support 406 to secure the turning boss 414 to the axial support 406. A grommet 422 is formed on the outer surface of the turning boss 414 at the junction between the cylindrical portions 416 and 420. A circumferential groove 424 is formed in the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 420 and is spaced slightly from the grommet 422.

Arm 404 includes a hollow L-shaped body 430. The body 430 accommodates a metal pivot boss 432 having different diameter cylindrical portions 434 and 436 separated by a grommet 438 (see Figures 18a and 18b). Cylindrical portion 434 is surrounded by the cylindrical portion 420 of turning boss 414 and is rotatable therein. A sleeve 440 surrounds the cylindrical portions 420 and 434. Sleeve 440 has an intumed lip 442 at one end which engages the grommet 438. The other end of the sleeve abuts the grommet 422. An annular projection 444 is formed on the inner surface of the sleeve 440 and is accommodated by the groove 424 to secure arm 404 to arm 406.

The cylindrical portion 436 has a counterbore 450 formed therein. The smaller diameter portion of the counterbore is threaded and engages threads on a metal coil supporting shank 452 (see Figure 19). The shank 452 has an annular ring 454 thereon which contacts the interior surface of the base 430. Above the ring 454 are two cylindrical portions 456 and 458 of different diameters. The space 460 between the larger diameter cylindrical portion 456 and the base 430 accommodates a press-fitted cylindrical coil housing 462. The smaller diameter cylindrical portion 458 is surrounded by one end of a metal helical, compound wound, halfwave coil 464 best shown in Figure 20. A paraboloid cap 466 is press-fitted on the open top of the coil housing 462 to enclose the coil 464.

Since the pivot boss 432 is rotatable within the turning boss 414, the arm 404 can be rotated with respect to arm 402. This allows the arm 404 to be oriented at the desired angle when the financial transaction terminal 14 is in use and rotated to a retracted position nning alongside the outer casing 30 when the financial transaction terminal 14 is not in use. The engagement between the annular projection 444 on the sleeve 440 and the groove 424 in the turning boss 414 together with the cooperation between the intumed lip 442 on the sleeve 440 and the grommet 438 on the pivot boss 432 inhibit axial separation of the turning and pivot bosses 414 and 432 thereby retaining the arms 402 and 404 together. The turning and pivot bosses 414 and 432 do however frictionally engage so that the antenna 60 remains stationary once positioned at the desired orientation. Although not shown, detents can be provided on the turning and pivot bosses to limit the extent of rotation of the antenna. For example, in the case of a local area network environment, detents can be provided to limit rotation of the antenna to approximately 220°. In the case of a wide area network environment, detents are typically not used allowing the antenna to be rotated throughout 360°.

Referring now to Figure 6, the central network controller 12 is better illustrated. The central network controller in this embodiment is connected to a dial- up or leased-line telephone cable and is powered by a power supply connected to AC mains. The central network controller includes a CPU motherboard with a main microprocessor 132 and associated memory 134. The main microprocessor 132 is connected to an RF transceiver including an RF modem 136 and an antenna 138 for establishing the RF communications link 16 with the various financial transaction terminals 14. A network interface 140 is provided with DATAPAC 3101 and 3201 surface or other similar interfaces. An ISDN interface board may also be provided. A serial RS-232 interface 142 is included in the central network controller 12 to allow updates to data and software used by the financial transaction terminals 14 and central network controller 12 to be downloaded. A serial RS-485 interface 144 is also provided for optional connection of the central network controller 12 to a retailer's existing point-of-sale platforms.

In operation, financial transactions are carried out by bringing one of the financial transaction terminals 14 to the location of a user. Financial transaction data is entered into the financial transaction terminal via the input keypad 52 and displayed via LCD display 50. The user's debit, credit or smart card is inserted into and read by the card reader 56 in the financial transaction terminal in the presence of the user.

When a credit or debit card C is to be read by the card reader 56 and the card is inserted into the card slot 58 with the stripe thereon positioned to contact the magnetic head 210, the magnetic head 210 is pushed upwardly by the card. The upward movement of the magnetic head causes the spring beam 252 to deflect upwardly about the set screw 254. The downward bias applied to the magnetic head 210 by the spring beam 252 maintains the magnetic head 210 in intimate contact with the stripe on the card. Once the card is fully inserted into the card reader, the card contacts and closes the microswitch 208. When the card is removed and the microswitch 208 opens, the main CPU 82 conditions the magnetic head to read the data on the magnetic stripe on the card as the card is removed from the card slot 58. The main CPU 82 also conditions the printed circuit board 204 to store the data read from the magnetic stripe by the magnetic head in the buffer. After the magnetic stripe has been read, the main CPU 82 reads the data from the buffer and checks the data stored in the appropriate integrated circuit 324 accommodated by the secure authorization module pocket 304 to determine whether the card is valid.

When a smart card is fully inserted into the card slot 58 and the microswitch 208 is closed, the integrated circuit on the smart card and the integrated circuit 207 establish an electrical connection. The main CPU conditions the integrated circuit 207 to read the data stored in the smart card integrated circuit and store the read data. The main CPU 82 reads the stored data and checks the data as described above to determine whether the card is valid. If the card is valid, then the user is required to enter a PIN or password via the keypad 52. The financial transaction terminal 14 does not display the entered PIN or password data or the data read by card reader 56. The secure integrated circuit device 90 encrypts the PIN or password data to inhibit the data from being accessed by unauthorized parties. Once encrypted, a financial transaction request is generated by the financial transaction terminal 14 which includes the financial transaction data i.e., the entered transaction data, read card data and encrypted PIN or password). The financial transaction request is then transmitted to the central network controller 12 by the RF modem 20 via the antenna 60 over the RF communications link 16. The financial transaction request generated by the financial transaction terminal propagates through the conductive components of the antenna 60 and is broadcasted. The compound wound coil 264 results in stronger electric field vectors making the antenna 60 easier to match to radio wave frequencies and making the antenna more precise. Also, the design of the antenna makes it less subject to temperature variance effects. The central network controller 12 in turn conveys the financial transaction request to the financial institution so that the financial transaction can be verified and processed. Once verified and processed, the financial institution conveys verification data to the central network controller 12. The central network controller in turn transmits the verification data to the financial transaction terminal 14 to inform the user that the transaction has been verified and processed. The verification data is received by the RF modem 20 via the antenna 60 and is conveyed to the financial transaction data module 18. The financial transaction terminal in turn prints a receipt to confirm that the financial transaction has been verified and processed.

Further details of the operation of the financial transaction terminals and central network controller are described in Applicant's co-pending PCT application serial No. PCT/CA96/00104 published on August 29, 1996 under number WO 96/26505, the contents of which are also incorporated herein by reference.

Although the financial transaction terminal 14 has been described as conveying the financial transaction data to the central network controller for transmission to the financial institution, it should be appreciated that the financial transaction terminal 14 can transmit the financial transaction data directly to the financial institution by way of a wireless RF communications link.

Referring now to Figure 21 another embodiment of a rotatable antenna is shown and is generally indicated to by reference numeral 60' . In this embodiment, like reference numerals will be used to indicate like components of the previous embodiment with a '"" added for clarity. Antenna 60' is designed for higher frequency applications but its design is similar to that of the previous embodiment.

As can be seen, the antenna 60' includes a generally L-shaped body 400' having one arm 402' fixed to and extending outwardly from the outer casing 30' and a second arm 404' rotatable with respect to arm 402' and generally forming a right angle therewith. Arm 402' includes a hollow axial support 406' fixedly mounted on the bottom casing shell in the same manner as in the previous embodiment. The other end of the axial support 406' extends through an opening in the outer casing 30' . Within the axial support 406' is a tubular metal turning boss 414' . The turning boss 414' includes a small diameter cylindrical portion 416' having a threaded section 418' on its outer surface to engage threads within the axial support 406' to secure the turning boss 414' to the axial support 406' . The turning boss 414' also includes a larger diameter cylindrical portion 420' which extends beyond the axial support 406' . A grommet 422' is formed on the outer surface of the turning boss 414' adjacent the junction between the cylindrical portions 416' and 420' . A circumferential groove 424' is formed in the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 420' and is spaced slightly from the grommet 422' . Arm 404' includes a tubular L-shaped body 430' . The body 430' accommodates a metal pivot boss 432' having different diameter cylindrical portions 434' and 436' separated by a grommet 438' . Cylindrical portion 434' is surrounded by the cylindrical portion 420' of turning boss 414' and is rotatable therein. A sleeve 440' surrounds the cylindrical portions 420' and 434' . Sleeve 440' has an inturned lip 442' at one end which engages the grommet 438' . The other end of the sleeve abuts the grommet 422'. An annular projection 444' is formed on the inner surface of the sleeve 440' and is accommodated by the groove 424' to secure arm 404' to arm 406' .

The pivot boss 432' has a T-shaped bore 500 provided therein. One arm 502 of the bore is aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the turning boss 414' . The other arm 504 of the bore 500 is threaded. A brass tube 506 extends through the turning boss 414' and the pivot boss 432' . One end of a co-axial cable 410' is received by the brass tube 506 and the other end of the co-axial cable 410' terminates at a connector 412' which physically and electrically connects the co- axial cable to the RF modem. A shank 452' has a threaded end which engages the threaded arm 504 of bore 500. An annulus 454' is provided on the outer surface of the shank 452' and contacts the interior surface of the body 430' . The space 460' between the shank 452' and the body 430' above the annulus 454' accommodates a press-fitted cylindrical, tubular housing 462'. A paraboloid cap 466' is press-fitted on the open top of the housing 462' . The conductor 508 of the co-axial cable 410' extends beyond the brass tube 506 and turns upwardly into the arm 504 of bore 500. The conductor 508 extends through the shank 452' and into the housing 462' before terminating intermediate the ends of the housing 462' .

Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been described, those of skill in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A financial transaction terminal comprising: a housing; input means to allow financial transaction data to be entered therein; a card reader to receive and read credit, debit or smart cards; a processor in communication with said input means and said card reader to receive and process financial transaction and card data; radio frequency transmission means to transmit said financial transaction and card data to a remote site whereat a transaction can be processed; and a secure authorization module receptacle to receive an integrated circuit device storing card security data, said processor accessing said card security data when a card is read by said card reader to validate the same.

2. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 1 wherein said secure authorization module receptacle receives a carrier holding at least one integrated circuit device.

3. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 2 wherein said carrier holds a plurality of integrated circuit devices, each of which stores card security data associated with a different financial institution.

4. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 1 wherein said housing has a memory expansion slot to receive memory.

5. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 1 wherein said housing has a radio modem slot therein to receive removably a radio modem, said radio modem forming part of said radio frequency transmission means and being connected to said processor.

6. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 5 wherein said housing has a jack therein to receive a cable extending to a telephone land line network, said housing also having a jack therein to accommodate a voice headset, said radio modem allowing voice and/or said financial transaction and card data to be transmitted either over said telephone land line network or over a wireless communications link.

7. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 1 wherein said card reader includes: a frame assembly having a card slot therein into which a card having a magnetic stripe to be read is inserted; a magnetic head to read a magnetic stripe on a card; and a cantilevered spring beam secured to said frame assembly and supporting said magnetic head, said spring beam presenting a downward pressure on said magnetic head.

8. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 1 wherein said radio frequency transmission means includes a rotatable antenna said antenna including: a generally L-shaped body having a first stationary arm extending into said housing and a second arm rotatable with respect to said first arm and arranged generally at a right angle thereto; a transmission element accommodated by said second arm and in electrical communication with an electrical circuit associated with said first arm; and a coupling acting between said first and second arms to permit relative rotational movement therebetween and to inhibit separation thereof.

9. A card reader comprising: a frame assembly having a card slot therein into which a card having a magnetic stripe to be read is inserted; a magnetic head to read a magnetic stripe on a card; and a cantilevered spring beam secured to said frame assembly and supporting said magnetic head, said spring beam presenting a downward pressure on said magnetic head.

10. A card reader as defined in claim 9 wherein said frame assembly and said spring beam carry co-operating formations to maintain the longitudinal disposition of said spring beam.

11. A card reader as defined in claim 10 wherein said co-operating formations are in the form of at least one dog on said frame assembly and at least one passage formed in said spring beam.

12. A card reader as defined in claim 11 wherein said spring beam is stepped adjacent an end thereof opposite said magnetic head, said end being fastened to a support on said frame assembly.

13. A card reader as defined in claim 12 wherein said spring beam is fastened to said support by way of a set screw.

14. A card reader as defined in claim 13 wherein said spring beam has an elongate slot therein.

15. A card reader as defined in claim 12 wherein said frame assembly includes a pair of dogs, one of said dogs extending upwardly from said support and being accommodated by a notch in one end of said spring beam.

16. A card reader as defined in claim 15 wherein another of said dogs is in the form of a post extending upwardly from said support, said post passing through a hole in said spring beam adjacent said magnetic head.

17. A card reader as defined in claim 9 wherein said frame assembly includes a generally rectangular open frame having a bezel at one end thereof, a chassis secured to said frame and a printed circuit board disposed between said chassis and said frame, said printed circuit board being electrically connected to said magnetic head.

18. A card reader as defined in claim 17 wherein said printed circuit board has a switch thereon, said switch being responsive to a card fully inserted into said card reader.

19. A card reader as defined in claim 18 wherein said open frame has a tab extending from a wall thereof to maintain the disposition of a card extending into said card reader.

20. A rotatable antenna comprising: a generally L-shaped body having a first stationary arm and a second arm rotatable with respect to said first arm and arranged generally at a right angle thereto; a transmission element accommodated by said second arm and in electrical communication with an electrical circuit associated with said first arm; and a coupling acting between said first and second arms to permit relative rotational movement therebetween and to inhibit separation thereof.

21. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 20 wherein said coupling means is in the form of a sleeve, opposed ends of said sleeve being accommodated by said first and second arms respectively.

22. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 21 wherein said sleeve includes an intumed lip at one end thereof to abut against a first formation on one of said arms and a projection adjacent another end thereof accommodated by a second complimentary formation formed in the other of said arms.

23. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 22 wherein said first formation is in the form of an annular grommet.

24. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 23 wherein said projection is in the form of an annular ring on said sleeve and wherein said second complimentary formation is in the form of a circumferential groove.

25. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 24 wherein said transmission element is in the form of a helical coil and wherein said coupling electrically connects said coil to said electrical circuit.

26. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 25 wherein said first arm includes a tubular axial support, a tubular turning boss accommodated by said axial support and a pin connector accommodated by said turning boss, said pin connector retaining one end of a co-axial cable within said turning boss, said circumferential groove being formed in an outer surface of said turning boss, a portion of said sleeve being accommodated between said axial support and said turning boss.

27. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 26 wherein said second arm includes a tubular body member and a pivot boss accommodated by said hollow body member at one end thereof, said pivot boss having said grommet formed on an outer surface thereof and being housed within said body member.

28. A rotatable antenna as defined in claim 27 wherein said second arm further includes a coil supporting shank coupled to said pivot boss at one end thereof and supporting said coil at an opposite end thereof.

29. A radio frequency financial transaction terminal comprising: an outer casing; input means on said outer casing to allow financial transaction data to be entered therein; a card reader accommodated by said outer casing to receive and read a credit, debit or smart card; a processor within said outer casing and in communication with said input means and said card reader to generate a financial transaction request in response thereto; and an RF transceiver to transmit said financial transaction request to a remote location, said RF transceiver including a rotatable antenna mounted on said outer casing.

30. A financial transaction terminal as defined in claim 29 wherein said antenna includes a generally L-shaped body having a first stationary arm mounted to said outer casing and a second arm rotatable with respect to said first arm and arranged generally at a right angle thereto; a transmission element accommodated by said second arm and in electrical communication with an electrical circuit associated with said first arm, said electrical circuit being electrically connected to said processor; and a coupling acting between first and second arms to permit relative rotational movement therebetween and to inhibit separation thereof.